L THNG KIT VI O PHT Hong Xun Hn 1 ---o0o--Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.

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1. S o-dung. Cha Hng-nghim 2. Ni An-hoch. Cha Bo n 3. Ni Ngng-sn. Cha Linh-xng

---o0o--L Thng-Kit sng trong thnh-thi ca o Pht. ng tng chu Phtgio chi-phi mt phn. Qu nh li i-s Hi-chiu ni trong bia LX: " ng tuy thn vng ci tc, nhng lng quy-y". Khng bit ng theo o Pht n mc no. C iu chc-chn l ng chech cho cc v s c danh nh Tr-bt, Chn-khng (TUTA), o-dung (HN) v Sng-tn (LX). ---o0o---

1. S o-dung. Cha Hng-nghim

Nm 1077, L Thng-Kit gip s o-dung cha cha Hng-nghim Thanh-ha. Sch TUTA c chp chuyn v s ny. Nhng nhng bn, nay cn, u chp hiu s l Php-dung. y v i Trn, king hy Trn Hng-o 2 Cha Hng-nghim nay vn cn x Ph-l, ph ng-sn, tnh Thanhha. Cha mi c trng-tu. Cha cn c hai tm bia. Mt tm bia ln, rt xa. Bia y nguyn dng nm 1124, i L Nhn-tng. Nin-hiu bia l Thin-ph-du-v th 5, Gip-thn. Nhng su trm nm sau, nm 1726, i L Bo-thi th 7, Bnh ng, c v s cha, l L Vn-Ngh, thu th

c li, theo nt ch xa. Nh , by gi ch vn rt r. Nhng nhn k, ta s thy, c ch khng theo hn nt c, v c ch li c hi sai. Bia y dng trong h-ng cha, ta vo tng, pha tri nu ta nhn vo pht-in. Khng bit mt p tng c ch hay khng? Cn mt ngoi c 30 dng ch c, v mt dng nin-hiu mi. Mi dng, nhiu nht, c 45 ch. Vn bia k s-tch cha kh k. V thin-s o-dung, s-tch chp bia kh ph-hp vi sch TUTA, v b-tc cho sch y. l mt chng rt qu cho s c-truyn v xc-thc ca cun sch TUTA. Bia li cn ni n mt v thi-ph h Lu, tng-huynh s o-dung, v sng ng-thi vi L Thng-Kit. Xt r, thy l Lu Khnh-m, m ta thy tn chp s 3 v m-ch dng i L, nay vn cn lng Lu-x, huyn Hng-nhn, tnh Thi-bnh. Nh th th v mt s ngu-nhin cbit, ta cn c hai bia i L, mt sch i Trn, chp nhng chuyn v i Trung-c nc ta, c lin-quan vi nhau. S y tht l qu. Nht l, s cc s-liu y khng tri vi cc sch Vit-s-lc v i-Vit s-k ton-th, n lm tng gi-tr hai cun s ny. Sau y, ti theo bia HN, cc sch TUTA, TT v VSL, s k lai-lch cha Hng-nghim, thn-th s o-dung v s lin-quan gia L Thng-Kit v Lu Khnh-m. Cha Hng-nghim ni Cn-ni. l theo bia HN; cn sch TUTA chp ni Ma-ni, v ch Cn hy i Trn. Cha gip Bi-l, by gi l lng Ph-l, ph ng-sn, tnh Thanh-ha. i Hu-ng (923-937), L Lng dng cha y (HN). L Lng thuc mt c-tc qun Cu-chn, chu i. ng lm n chc Trn-quc bc-x. Nh ng giu, rt c th-lc trong x. Thc ng tr n 110 lm. Trong nh ng nui 3.000 ngi khch. ng dc mt lng thin, rt sng o Pht. ng l ngi trc nht dng cha gip Bi-l. Cc bia cha Hng-nghim, Trinh-nghim, Minhnghim u c khc chp cng ng (HN). By gi, dn chu qun ny b mt ma i kh. ng em thc nh phtchn cu dn. n sau lc vua inh Tin-hong ln ngi (968-979), nghe ting ng c o-c, vua phong cho ng chc i-chu Cu-chn -quc dch s, tc l chc quan ng u gip nc i-chu, qun Cu-chn. Vua li ban cho ng hm Kim-t quang-lc i-phu, v phong p trong gii-hn sau ny :

ng n Phn-dch, nam n V-long, ty n nh ni Ma-la, bc n Kim-cc 4, v cho i i con chu lm quan coi t y (HN). Sch TUTA cng c chp rng ng lm chu-mc i-chu i ng v sut mi lm i, h ng ni ting . n khi vua L i-hnh tun-du Ng-huyn-giang, tc l trin sng Lng, sng M Thanh-ha, Vua thy cha nt bn cha li (HN). VSL c chp : Vua i chi Hoan-chu nm 1003, c l vua qua Thanh nm y. n i L, vua Thi-tng i chi v phng nam, ti i-chu, c qua cha y. TT v VSL chp rng nm 1031 L Thi-tng i nh Hoan-chu v, pht tin thu th cha nhiu cha qun cc hng-p (XIV/ cth 5). Chc rng vua ti thm cha y. "Tri my i th cng, rng ct nt, vua bn sai cha li. Vua li ban cho chu ng bc-x, l o-quang trng-lo lm thin ch, cp cho nm tn gip vic v sai tr-tr ." (HN). Hai ting trng-lo l mt m-hiu tng nhng tng hay tng-quan c vua knh-trng. Tuy tng-quan y coi cha, nhng vn c gia-nh con-ci. Theo TUTA th trng-lo ny hiu l Tng-phn, tn l Huyn-nghi. Trng-lo l thn-ph thin-s o-dung. (HN) Thin-s o-dung tn g ? TUTA khng chp. Nguyn bia HN c ghi, nhng nay mn khng thy ch na. Thin-s c mt tng-huynh l Lu Khnh-m, cng l ngi Ng-huyngiang, Cu-chn, thn Yn-lng (M-ch). Nay ph Th-xun v ph Thiu-ha c hai lng Yn-lng gn nhau hai b sng Lng. C l qu ng l vng y. ng ni Lu Khnh-m c nm con trai. Trong c Huy-Trit, di nh ti ng c khch-qun, c l ti lng Lu-x huyn Hng-nhn, tnh Thi-bnh by gi. (Bia HN v M-ch Lu-x). "By gi, vua L Thi-tng chn dn qun cho vo hu vua. Lu Khnh-m "phi thng khc chng" nn c chn vo chu ni nh". Kp n khi L Thnh-tng ln ngi, ng chu bn cnh, rt c vua yu. Sau khi Nhn-tng ln ngi, vua ngh n cng ng gip-rp ba i, c nhiu cng, vy phong cho ng chc thi-ph, kim chc ni-dch trngquan, coi ht cc vic qun v vic thng trong cung-dch. Vua li ban cho ng chc tc sau ny : Nhp-ni ni-th tnh- -tri, kim-hiu thi-ph,

kim cung-dch-s, i-tng-qun, kim-t quang-lc i-phu, thc p 6700 h, tht phong 3000 h. (HN). "Thin-s o-dung c hnh-thn l p, t kh thanh-cao. Kinh k th khng g khng c ti (TUTA). Nm Bnh-thn 1076, s b gia-hng i tm bn. Ci thuyn ra b, ri ti Thng-long. - , thin-s gp mt v tng, hiu l Cao-tng. S cm-phc bn theo hc." (HN). V Cao-tng y l ai ? Sch TUTA c ni : Lc nh, s theo tng thng Nguyn Khnh-H xut-gia. Tng-thng ngi C-giao, qun Long-bin (thuc Bc-ninh by gi), tr-tr T-lim, gn pha ty thnh Thng-long. C l Cao-tng kia chnh l hiu ca tng-thng Khnh-H trc nm 1133, khi cha c triu vo kinh v cha c ban chc tng-thng 5. "Cao-tng Khnh-H n o-dung, cho l mt k-nhn v dy cho Pht-php (TUTA). o-dung hi : "iu g ct yu trong Php ?" Cao-tng tr li :"Php vn khng php, ta ly g m bo ngi." Bng nghe, s thy lng n-nang, bn gic-ng". (HN). Mt hm, s o-dung hi Cao-tng :"Ti hiu r ngha ch khng v ch sc. Sc l bi k phm thy, khng l bi k Thnh thy. C phi th khng ?" Cao-tng tr li bng mt bi k phng-dch nh sau ny: i ch hi sc v khng, Hc o chng qua tm T Tng. Trng qu trn trn sao c rm. Tm Tm ngoi Pht kh lng mong. Bao-hm nht-nguyt trong ht ci, Thu ht cn-khn u mi lng. i-dng r-rng tay nm cht, Ai hay phm thnh, bit u cng. "T s thch do ni sng, khng u ngi n." (TUTA). "S bn ngc sng L (Nh h), tro ni Thu-i. Ngm xem cnh p y, s dng chn li, cho l rt va . S sai th chn hng, ghp lm nn, m dng nn cha. t tn l cha Khai-gic". Trn y l theo bia HN, cn TUTA chp : "S i o-ha, dng chn ni Thu-phong, ti cha Khaigic v dy hc-tr". S c cng-cha Thy-thnh, c l l con vua Thitng, v Thi-ph Lu Khnh-m cp cho kh-dng lm cha. (HN). S dy hc-tr. Ngi ti hc y nh. (TUTA).

"Nm sau, inh-t 1077 (bia HN, khi khc li, lm ra inh-mo), s tr v p c, thy cha Hng-nghim i-hoi. S bn ni vi Lu Khnhm rng : "K nhn-hin khng qun du-tch tin-t. Xin anh cha li cho." Lu-cng nghe ni, vui lng m thun." (HN). By gi, qun ta va nh lui qun Tng. L Thng-Kit va lp i-cng. Lu-cng, v em l Lu Ba, cng va c chia phn vinh-d. Lu-cng thy cha chin b chin-tranh lm h , ang lo sa-sang t-thp. (M-ch Lu-x). "Lu-cng bn ni vi quc-tng thi-y L Thng-Kit rng : "Cha Hng-nghim l do tin-t ti sa-cha. Nay nt. ng cng ti, chng ta hy cha li." (HN). Theo chng trn, ta bit rng by gi Thng-Kit cn Thng-long. C l Thanh-ha l thc-p ca ng t trc, cho nn Khnh-m mi bn cng ng cha cha Hng-nghim . Thng-Kit bn tm g, sai th ti sa cha. Nm Tn-du 1081, hai ph-k-lang, h Thiu v h T 6, tu vua xin rung t ca bc-x L Lng. Vua xt li tu, bn nh tr gip Bi-l cho h hng L-cng. Ma thu nm y, L Thng-Kit i Thanh-ha tr rung. ng lp bia chia rung cho hai gip. T na m A-li tr ln, cho gip Bi-l ; t na m tr xung, cho gip Vin-m. ng li dn i dn li hai gip khng c hi mt l lau-lch hai bn b m, v l gii-hn. (HN). Hai tn gip y nay thay i, nhng t cn c th tm c. Cha Hng-nghim nay lng Ph-l. Nu ta xt bn Thanh-ha ngy nay, ta thy rng bn cnh lng Ph-l c nhng lng Nhn-l, M-l. Theo tc i tn x ta 7, ta c th chc rng ba lng y khi xa l mt v sau mi chia ra. V lng Ph-l c tn nm l lng K. Chc l tn gip Bi-l c. Bn cnh pha ty lng Ph-l, ta li thy c hai lng lin nhau, tn l Vinquang v H-m. Ta cng c th on l do lng Vin-m c m phntch ra. Xem vy, ta c th nhn du hai gip Bi-l v Vin-m. Nhng m A-li th khng thy na. Rung vng y l rung su. C l l m c. Nm inh-mo 1087, s o-dung c vua Nhn-tng triu ti kinh, lp o-trng trong cung (HN).

Nm Nhm-dn 1122, s tr v thm qu c. "Nhn vt tuy i, non nc nh xa. Cha nt, nn mng vn cn." S lin sai th cha li. T tng Pht ngi trn Bn-. o h. Gia h, xy b ; t tng Pht trn. Cha cao, ca rng, mi ngi. M t c lu chung, m hu dng bia ghi cng. Xung quanh u xy tng. Vn trng hoa c. (HN). Cha xong cha, s t tic mng ; lp n cu t cho vua, v cu phc cho qun-chng. S mi ngi lm bi k, khc vo bia. Chnh l bia dng nm 1124 m nay hy cn. Nhng tn tc gi th m hn khng c c na. C l cng l v Hi-Chiu i-s, lm bia Linh-xng dng nm 1126 v bia Sng-nghim-din-thnh dng nm 1118. Sau s li cha cho n lc mt. TUTA chp rng :"Ri s tr v nh, dng cha n lc gi. S mt ngy mng 5 thng 2 nm Gip ng 1174, i Thin-cm-ch-bu". Chp nh vy chc lm, v rng nm 1076, s ra Thng-long. Nu sng n nm 1174, th s phi t nht cng mt trm hai mi tui. Sau khi s mt, hc-tr l s Tng o-lm lm l hatng v xy thp ni Cn-ni. (TUTA). Ngy nay, lng Ph-l khng c ni. Ni Cn-ni, chp bia, c l ch l m t cao hn cnh ng chung quanh. Cha nay hon ton mi. Cc vt trong cha u mi, tr qu chung c i Gia-long. Trong vn khng thy c thp c. Cn c h. Nhng trong cha v ngoi cha khng thy vt c na. Nu bi t tm, trong nn hay di h, may chi cn thy ci bia xa, dng i Hu-ng ghi cng-c L Lng. ---o0o---

2. Ni An-hoch. Cha Bo n
Chng hai cy-s pha ty thnh Thanh-ha, c lng An-hoch, k ng ci i lng Sim. Hin nay, lng c mt ngi cha c, pha bc con ng y. Ca tam-quan cng l lu chung. Ca khi no cng ng. Nhn qua ro tha, ta thy vn rng. Trong xa c nh bi-ng lp tranh. ng ln cha c bc . Trng vo th bn t thy c hai bia, mt bia to cao, dng gn bn li vo. Bia rt mn, nhng ngch cn tm ch to v r : AN-HOACH-SN BON T BI-MINH, ngha l bi minh ca bia cha Bo-n ni An-hoch.

 l mt ngi cha dng ln trong lc L Thng-Kit cn trn Thanhha. Bia tuy m mt nin-hiu v mt tn ngi dng. Nhng cng cn c c. N cho ta bit nhiu iu rt qu v L Thng-Kit. Ni An-hoch thuc ni Nhi, l dy ni ln pha ty-nam thnh Thanhha. - chn ni, c lng Nhi, tn ch l Nhu-thn. Dn lng chuyn-mn lm ngh ly ni lm bia, khnh, ci xay, trc ln, tng. Ngh y c lu i. i Tn (265-418), thi-th D-chng l Phm Ninh sai s ti Cu-chn ly lm khnh; tc l ly . Theo bia Bo-n, th "Nm Nhm-tut (1082), vua L Nhn-tng t ring mt qun Thanh-ha, ban cho L Thng-Kit, lm phong-p. ThngKit ra , coi vic qun dn. Cc u-mc u theo bng, tt c dn gian u mn c. "ng thy pha ty-nam qun-l, c qu ni cao v to, tn l An-hoch. Ni sn mt th p. rt qu cho th. Mu sng nh ngc lam, cht xanh nh khi mi ln. Tc lm dng rt d, lm khnh nh rt ku, lm bia rt bn. ng bn sai mt ngi qun-gip tn l V Tha-Thit em dn Cu-chn ti ni y ly . "ng coi qun trong 19 nm (1082-1101) nay. Dn knh-mn. Gic s-hi. Dn t ngh rng, l nh Pht t- cho dn qua b kh, m dn cha ly g bo-p. Bn chn ch ny; xy c dng cha, t tn cha l Bo-n. p tng, v . Cha bt u lm nm K-mo (1099) n nm sau Canhthn (1100) th xong. "Cha ngonh mt v hng nam. t l huyn C-chin. Sau cha c ni Tng-phng. Gn m sau c ni Bch-long. Trc cha c sng chy ngang ; pha t chy v phng ng, ti x Phn-dch ; pha hu chy v ni Nghiu-nhc. Trc ca c ging , trng ra c hai tng nhn ng. Bn cnh c cu." (BA)8. Trn y l theo vn bia m t. Ngy nay con sng li chy quanh sau cha; c l b cha v a-l. Pha ng, sng chia ra hai nhnh, mt nhnh xung qua lng B-v, cnh n vua L ri ra sng M, mt nhnh chy v pha nam, hp vi Hong-giang. Pha ty, sng b lp ti lng Ph-l. Sng y l sng Bn. Theo sch Thanh-ha k thng chp li, th khi xa, sng y thng vi L-kh chy t Lng-giang ra. Tc truyn rng c mt b thihu i Trn, thy nc L-kh ngt, cho rng t c th pht vua, bn lp sng y.

Tuy rng bia Bo-n mt nin-hiu, nhng theo nm lm cha xong l nm 1100, v theo cu ni L Thng-Kit coi qun trong 19 nm nay, th ta thy rng bi bia lm nm Hi-phong th 9, Canh-thn 1100. Vy bia ny l bia bng ch Hn xa nht cn thy nc ta. M cha cng rt ng ch-, v trong cha cn nhng tng rt xa. Nh trn ni, h-ng ch l mt nh tranh, nhng thng-ng lp ngi. Trong c mt pho tng rt cao gn hai mt, xa thip vng, nay lp vng phai ht, ch cn lp sn en, nhng trng rt p. Pho tng li ngi trn ta sen. Ta sen t trn lng mt con vt bng , iu-khc rt tinhxo. Con vt y u hnh u ln, c nanh, mt hung-d; chn c vut nhn, ui to c hnh lng xon c. C pho tng v con th y t trn mt b , c l mt trc c iu-khc, nhng nay b ngi ta xy mt b khc che khut. - hai gc, cn li ra mt phn, v gc y c hnh agudo, tc l v thn, thn ngi u chim, c cnh, chn c vut, tai eo khuyn, ngc eo chui ht, ly u v hai cnh mt trn b. Kiu iu-khc y y nh kiu nay cn thy c-vt Chm, m ta cng thy mt vi cha ta. Chc rng l do nh-hng ca cc th Chm, m ta bt em v i L Thi-tng, v i L Thnh-tng. Nhng bc chm y rt c th l do ngi Chm m L Thng-Kit em v nm 1069, hay l nhng hc tr th y. l mt chng cho ta tin rng b , v c l tng t, l t i L li. Trong cha cn c nhiu b con; trong s y, c mt cng chm aguda gc. Cc tng k ct cng chm hnh hoa sen. Chc xa cha to, nay nhng tng cn li, to khng hp vi nhng ct nh b ngy nay. Nu ph c ci b mi thm vo trc b chnh cha, th ta c l thy nhng bc chm khc hay l nhng du ch xa. Ngoi sn n, cn c mt ci khnh c, nhng nay b v. Xem k, khng thy c nt ch g. Tn cha ny c ngha l bo n Pht, m tht th cng nhc cng Thng-Kit nh ta thy trong li tn-dng ng mt chng trn (XIII/8). ---o0o---

3. Ni Ngng-sn. Cha Linh-xng

Hai cha trn, tuy c lin-quan mt-thit vi L Thng-Kit, nhng khng phi t ng dng ln. Cc bia hai cha y, tuy c ghi cng ng, nhng cng khng chuyn tn-dng ng. - Thanh-ha cn c mt cha m t

ng dng ln, v ta c th gi l cha L Thng-Kit. y l cha Linhxng. Cha Linh-xng ni Ngng-sn, cnh n L Thng-Kit, m ti t (XIII/7). Ni Ngng-sn l mt ni nh, t hn-tp, b pha bc sng Ln (tn ch l Chy-giang), cch pha ty cu ha-xa -ln chng hai cy-s. Ni lng Ng-x, xa thuc huyn Vnh-lc, nay thuc ph Htrung. Ni thp khng dnh vi ni xung-quanh. Pha nam ni c ng v sng. Pha bc ni l mt cnh ng su, xung-quanh ton ni. - gia cnh ng y c vi ni nh, c ting nht l ni Chng-cc. Pha ng ni l ng bng, ko di cho n dy ni nh ph H-trung. Cn pha ty th rt gn dy ni cui-cng ca dy Kim-sn thuc Vnh-lc. ng pha ty ngm li, ni c hnh ngi n b nm nga. Ngi ta ni v vy mi t tn l Ngng-sn. i vi Trn-l Thanh-ha i L, Ngng-sn kh gn, "ch cch nm dm, phng-pht nh trong thnh qun" (LX). Tn lng s-ti, i L, l lng i-l. Tn i-l by gi cn, y l lng pha nam sng Ln, ingn vi lng Ng-x. i L, lng y rt to (LX), chc n gm c vng bc v nam sng. n i Trn, phn bc i tn ra i-li 9. Cha Linh-xng nay khng cn na. Nhng bia cha, dng i L, vn cn. Dn x em trn thm n L Thng-Kit. Bia y dng nm Thinph du-v th 7, nm Bnh-ng (1126), ngha l 21 nm sau khi ThngKit mt. Tc gi bi vn bia l i-s Hi-chiu, tn Php-Bo, tr-tr cha Phc-din-t-thnh, kim coi cng-s Thanh-ha. i-s l mt thuc-h ng. Bia chp kh r s nghip ng, v k rt tng-tn s ng xy-dng ln cha Linh-xng. Vn bia li rt di, bia khc hai mt, ch chn-phng rt tt, nt rt r. Tuy bia khng c chm-tr trang-sc nh cc bia khc ngthi, nhng hng ch trin trn bia kh p, v con ra i bia rt ngin nhng m-thut. Nay theo li bia, ta bit gc-tch cha Linh-xng v lng sng Pht ca L Thng-Kit khi Thanh-ha th no. "Ban u i Anh-v-chiu-thng, vua L Nhn-tng ban cho ng hiu Thin-t ngha-. ng ra coi cc vic qun, dn i-chu, qun Cu-chn, trn Thanh-ha (theo bia BA th nm 1082, Anh-v-chiu-thng th 7, ng ra Thanh-ha). Tuy thn vng tc, nhng lng qui-y. y v vua v mu-

hu (thi-hu) tn-sng o Ph-: ng vng hai thnh gip- o tri rt nhiu" (LX). By gi c v s hu thi-hu, l Sng-tn trng-lo, t kinh ti thm qun. V trng-lo y l ai? Xt sch TUTA, th c l trng-lo l Mn-gic is. 10 i-s sinh nm 1052, l con vin-ngoi-lang L Hoi-T, ngi i s Tng nm 1073, (TUTA chp h Nguyn, v king hy i Trn; y theo TB). Lc nh, hc Nho v Thch u gii. Vo khong nm 1071, c chn vo cung dy hong-t Cn-c mi ln 6 tui. ng by gi mi 20 tui, nhng ni ting l hc rng nh nhiu. Tuy cn tr, ng c i tu. Sau khi Cn-c ln ngi, thi-hu ban cho ng hiu Hoi-tn. Trong i Anh-vchiu-thng, ng dng biu i tu, chng vo nm 1077. Chng bao lu ni ting, v thnh v lnh-t cc sa-mn. Vua v thi-hu dng cha bn cung Cnh-hng, mi s v , tin vic hi-han v o. Vua v thi-hu thng khng gi tn, m ch xng l trng-lo, tuy rng s mi chng hn 30 tui m thi. (TUTA) Nm u i Qung-hu (1085), trong nc v-s. Thi-hu (TT chp Hong-hu, chc sai) i chi khp ni sng. mun dng cha xy thp. By gi, Thng-Kit ra Thanh-ha c ba nm. Trong lc thi-hu ngao-du, c l i-s c theo hu. Thi-hu sai i-s vo Thanh-ha, thm ng, v bo dng cha. By gi i-s mi 34 tui. Vy nm 1085, Sng-tn trng-lo vo chi Thanh-ha, thm L ThngKit, "Nhn khi rnh vic, ng v s, ngc dng i chi ca b Phn-i, dng thuyn chn ni Long-t." (LX) Ca b Phn-i v ni Long-t u? Khng sch no chp r. Nhng ta c th nhn rng ca Phn-i v ni Long-t l ca sng M v ni Hmrng 11. Ta c th d li cuc hnh-trnh ca L Thng-Kit i cng Sngtn trng-lo. ng v s xut-hnh t qun-l Cu-chn; xung thuyn trn sng Ngugiang (Lch-trng); "ngc dng" ti sng M, n ng-ba To-xuyn, ri xung ca b Phn-i. Thuyn qua di chn ni Long-t. ng sai gh thuyn ln ngm cnh ni.

" s l tm ni thng-cnh dng cha. Nhng, by gi, ni Long-t c cha ri. Chc l cha trong ng Linh-quang trn ni Hm-rng. Thng-Kit bn bo xy mt nh nh trn mm , xung-quanh bc tng, lm ni ngi ngm cnh. "S bn ni vi ng rng: "Ni ny p l! c k dng cha y ri. Cn c chn no thanh-u, c ting l thanh-tch t xa, th nh a ti thm chi." ng khen s l ngi c cng to vi Pht, ri sai k hu cho thuyn v phng ty" (LX). Vy thuyn ri ni Long-t, ngc dng sng M, n ng ba Bng (xem bn IV). Thuyn "qua sng trong Nam-thc, n p ln i-l" (LX). Nam-thc chc l sng Ln ngy nay. T ng-ba Bng, i v phng ng, xui sng Ln, th n lng i-l. "ng v s gh thuyn ln bn. a mt ngm trng. Thy mt ni nh, tn l Ngng-sn; ch cch qun-l nm dm, phng-pht nh trong thnh. Chn ni gn sng; t k ln , nhng cng d tro. Hi m bm cy-ci um-tm, mu lam ngn-ngt. Sau lng (pha bc) c dy ni Giao-lnh, lng Hong-hng m-bc. Pha trc c ni Nhm-phong, i N-ph nh cao" (LX). Ni Giao-lnh chc l dy ni Mng-c, Kim-u; lng Hong-hng chc nay l tng Hong-x. Ni Nhm-phong c l l nhn ni pha ng lng Oai-h, pha nam lng Bch-th; v nhn ni ny cao 229 mt, l cao nht trong cc ni trc Ngng-sn, v cch khng xa. Cn i N-ph phi chng l ni ti lng Chi-n, Sn-ng ngy nay? Bia LX chp tip: "- y, nguyn c mt n-gi lm am, lnh mt mnh, v i gio-ha nhng vng ln-cn. Gi l khai-thc, nhng tnh-gii cha c nghim-trang. ng cng b-thuc bn ln ng, ni gt m ln ni. Ch thy c-th um-tm, yn-h rng-rt. Bi-hi dn bc, ngng ci m nhn khng chp mt. Lng thy thch vui, mun xy-dng". Bia LX khng ni r y l cuc i chi cng s Sng-tn hay cuc khc. C l, sau lc s v Kinh ri, Thng-Kit tr li ni Ngng-Sn vi b-thuc. Trong s b-thuc, c Hi-chiu i-s, l ngi lm vn bia ny. "ng bn ni vi b-thuc: "K nhn-tr vui l vui vi ni sng. i i truyn li l danh vi o. Nu khng dng cha ni ny m o, th danh ni u l qu." (LX)

"Ri ng sai xy c hoang, p ln. Thy xem bng ly hng, th trnh kiu lm cha. K gip ca mang n ti, k i hc ua nhau n xem. K gip sc th c-o, k lnh ngh th xy-dng." (LX) Sau y l cnh cha, khi hon-thnh. "Cha pha nam ni. Trai-phng hai bn. Tng c Pht Nh-lai sn vng, ngi cao trn ta sen, ni ln trn mt nc. Trn tng chung-quanh, v mi su La-hn v cc bin-tng, thin hnh vn trng. Khng th k xit. "Sau cha, xy bo-thp, t tn l thp Chiu-n. Thp cao chn tng, u trng by li. Bn mt m ca, xung-quanh c bao-ln. Bn gc treo ching vng, rung trc gi, cng chim ni ku m; pha trc dng ct biu, nh bng mai, cng tng vng chi sng Bao-ln quanh bc, hoa c y thm. Trc c ca chnh, dng treo chung. Chy knh g nh, ting chuyn bay xa: thc k m, ph k tc, khuyn k thin, rn k c. Trc ca mt ng thng xung sng. Hai bn c rnh nc; gii ma th nc chy theo m xung. K sng c mt nh nh. Thng-thng, thuyn b qua li, dng ngh-ni. Hoc Chim-thnh, Chn-lp sang s, ti m qu gi qui-y. Hoc nc l, t xa v chu, qua cng ci mnh rp trn." (LX) Tht vy, cha trn ng xung-yu by gi. T nam ti, thuyn qua sng M, sng Ln, qua trc cha Linh-xng, n sng Hi-thy, sang Tnggiang v ra ca Thn-ph, ti Thng-long. Lc lc-thnh, c lp hi. Cc s t-tp rt ng. L Thng-Kit c ngi chu gi h (c l con L Thng-Hin), tn l L Th-Cu, ly Vn-th hiu l Sng-chn x-s. B cng qui Pht, hiu l B-di Diu-tnh. B sinh c ba trai. Ngi u theo o Nho, tn l VnHai, t l Bnh-t. Hai con sau theo o Pht: l s Vin-gic hiu Php-tr, v s Minh-ng hiu Php-t. Hai ngi ny xut-gia i Thn-v (10691072), phng chiu c xa tnh-danh, khng bin vo cng-in. By gi hai ngi ti lm nh ni ny m . Hai ngi li lm cha ring pha ng ni, t tn l cha Thnh-n. (LX) Cng xy-dng bn nm mi thnh. L Thng-Kit gi s Hi-chiu m bo: "Hng-cng lu, nay cha xong. Nu khng khc bia chp li s-

tch th ngi i sau bit u m tm. S hy la li vn, k li s sng-tc. Khin cho rng tuy vt i di, nhng li lnh truyn mi-mi." (LX) i-s by gi tr-tr cha Phc-din-t-thnh, c l trn-l, kim coi cng-s qun Cu-chn, v lm vic di quyn L Thng-Kit. S nghe li ng dy, bn vit bi bia v bi minh. Trong bi vn bia, on u tn-dng cng-c Pht. Ri chuyn sang khen ngi cng L Thng-Kit i vi cha. Li bia ni: "V th nn h c danh-sn, thng-cnh, th c cha-chin; nhng nu khng c k vng-cng i-nhn th khng dng-ni. Cha Linh-xng ni Ngng-sn l do Thi-y-lnh-cng sng lp." on sau ni s-nghip L Thng-Kit, v k r vic xy cha, nh chp li trn. Cui cng l bi minh tm-tt i- bi vn bia. Li minh s phng-dch ra sau: " Tam-gii lun-hi; T-sinh ln-lc. Lm-l i mnh; o-in tm-sc. Tham chi, chung gin; Ko di i-dc. H d yn u; Khng th c. Cao thay! Chn-nh: Th, lng mng-m! Thn khng lng ni; Ha ri vn d. Ma nhun mt trn, Ba ci c nh. C Php dng ln, Mi t lin tr. Vit c L-cng, Theo du ngi c. Coi qun, dn yn; nh u c . Ting ng Chim-thnh; Danh lng Trung-th. Dng cha chn ny. Qui sng Pht-t. Ni cao thay, h! ngt tng khng. Hin-t coi, h! m cng. in thp cao, h! lp chp-chng. Tng vng nghim, h! v trng-hng. im tt nhiu, h! chc Thng-hong. Tr-v lu, h! i xng-long.

Bin-tch khp, h! n hang cng. Bia bn, h! vi ni sng." Cha lm xong nm no? Bi vn bia vit nm no? Suy li bia, th bit rng nm y Thng-Kit cn Thanh-ha, v trong bia khng h ni n vic ng li tr v triu. Nhng bia, th 21 nm sau khi ng mt, mi dng ln. Nin-hiu bia l Thin-ph-du-v th by Bnh-ng (1126). Nay cha Linh-xng khng cn na, thp cng khng cn du-tch. C l cha thp u lm bng gch, chc nay nt ht ri. Hay rng hy cn di-tch chn lp di t. Phi bi tm, may cn thy chng? May sao bia cn vn, nay thm n th L Thng-Kit (XIII/7). Nh vy c ma nng n mn. Nhng st cnh n, v pha ng, v cao hn n mt t; cn c mt ci miu nh, c l nn cha xa . * Tuy cha c khng cn, nhng tm bia xa cn lm toi lng L Thng-Kit mun ngi i sau bit n s sng-to ca ng, theo nh li ng dn s Hi-chiu. Vi ba tm bia ni trn, ta bit rng ng c cng vi Pht-gio khng phi t. Nhng ng l mt v-tng. Trong khi nh Chim, chng Tng, ng lm thit mng bit bao sinh-linh. K m Pht, nh vua L Thi-tng, lc thy qun ta vo kinh- Chim-thnh, st-hi nhn-dn, cn c lng thng-xt, v h-lnh "khng ai c git by ngi Chim-thnh. Ai git s khng tha ti" (TT). Cn L Thng-Kit, khi vo nh Ung, qun mnh git gn su vn ngi, cht u thnh ng, m khng c mt li ngn. Hn ng khng phi l mt Pht-t c gng c Pht t-bi theo gii. ng gip Pht-gio, chng qua l theo phong-tro ng-thi m thi. Li thm thi-hu v vua m Pht. ng dng cha ch v "vng hai Thnh" m thi chng? Hoc-gi, cng-c vi Pht ca ng, lc v gi, mi c. Nu tht nh vy, th bit u chng l v lng sm-hi ti hiu-st ca ng ng lc trng-thi hay sao? ---o0o---

---o0o--HT

Trch t: "L Thng-Kit" ca Hong Xun-Hn, nh xut-bn Sng-Nh, H-ni, 1949. BA : Bia cha Bo n (L) HN : Bia cha Hng-nghim (L) LX : Bia cha Linh-xng. Hi-chiu i-s Php-Bo (L) TB Tc-t-tr thng gim trng-bin. L o (Tng) TUTA :Thin-uyn tp-anh ng-lc (Trn) TT : i-vit s-k ton-th. Ng S-Lin (L) VSL : Vit-s-lc (Trn) 2 . Hy i Trn. - i Trn, khng nhng tn cc vua, v cha m vua u phi king m thi. Sau khi cp ngi L, Trn ban miu-hy. V "Nguyn-t tn L cho nn i h L ra h Nguyn, tuyt lng mong nh L ca dn" (TT 1232). Ta thy rng trong sch, s vit i nh Trn, nh VSL, v TUTA, h L u b i ra h Nguyn. V trong bia BA, ch L cng b i Trn c xa i.
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Ng S-Lin cn cho ta bit rng: "Vua Trn Minh-tng i vi h-hng rt hu, m i vi ngi h thuc bc tn-qu, th li cng tn-knh. Phm by ti c ai trng tn, th bt i i. V nh tn th i ra S-Mnh, (chc l Phm S-Mnh), v king tn Trn Th-; Tung th i ra Thc-Cao v king tn hu Hng-Ninh. V mi khi ni chuyn, trnh ni n tn cc bc ch, bc, c, cu, vua li son tm thip nh k nhng ting king ni, trao cho cc con-ci v cung-nhn." (TT 1315) V l y, cho nn ch Cn phi king. Sch TT (1312 i Trn Anh-tng) c ch-thch rng: "Ca Cn huyn Qunh-lu, thuc Ngh-an, vn tn l ca Cn, v hy nn i." Cng v l y m in Cn-nguyn, i Trn i ra in Triu-nguyn; ni Cn-ni i ra ni Ma-ni. M chnh-m ca ch y l Kiu, nay ta thng c Cn c l cng l t-hy t i Trn. Ch o chc cng v tn ca Trn Hng-o m i. Khng nhng o-dung thnh Php-dung, m tn L o-Thnh trong VSL (1073), i ra Nguyn Nht-Thnh. C l cng v king hy, m trong tn T Hin-Thnh, VSL (1139) i ch Hin ra ch Linh, v hiu Sng-Tn ca i-s Mn-Gic b TUTA (21b) i ra Hoi-Tn.
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. Tn m mi ni chp mt khc. M-ch v TT 1161 u chp vi ch m l ni

chuyn; nhng vo nm 1127, 1129, 1136, sch TT li chp vi ch m l su di, tc l na bn phi ch m kia. Sch TT c chp nhng chuyn sau ny v Khnh-m: Nm 1127, vua Nhn-tng triu thi-y Lu Khnh-m trao di-chiu. Nm 1129, Thn-tng sai thi-y Lu Khnh-m i bt hu trng rng Giang-. Nm 1135 ng cht. Nhng n nm 1161, TT li chp thi-y Lu Khnh-m cht mt ln na.

C l l em Lu Khnh-m, tc l thi-y Lu Ba. Cc tn t ny, nay khng cn. Nhng ta cng bit c mt vi iu. Phn-dch c l l phn t huyn Qung-xng, b nam sng M. Bia Bo n cng ni ti t y (XV/1) - Tn ni Ma-la, v cui i Trn vn cn. Sch Lam-sn tht-lc chp rng L Li trn qun Minh , gp xc mt ngi n b mc o trng. 5 . TUTA chp rng Khnh-h mt ngy 27 thng ging, nm i-nh th ba, Nhm-tut 1142, th 76 tui. Theo m tnh, th ng sinh nm 1067, v ng mi c 10 tui, lc o-dung ti Thng-long. Lm sao ng lm thy cho o-dung c? Sch TT li c chp, vo nm 1135, vic hu Khnh-h mt. Chc rng nguyn l ch tng, m TT chp lm ra ch hu. Ngi ch-thch sch TUTA, in i Vnh-thnh, cng ni rng: theo Sk th tng Khnh-h mt nm 1135. Nu theo thoi sau th lc by gi Khnh-h cng ch mi 17 tui m thi. Ti ngh rng TUTA chp lm nm mt v tui th. C l th 96 tui, v ch Cu v Tht rt d ln. Vi ch Cu, th lc s o-dung ra hc vi Khnh-h, v ny 37 tui. Nh th mi hp l.
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Ph-k-lang l mt chc quan c l gn nh ph-m. - Thanh-ha c h Thiu ln lng Don-x, thuc ph ng-sn. i Trn, h ny c Thiu Thn lm quan Lnggiang phng-ng-s. i L c Thiu Qu -Linh u hong-gip khoa 1505. Trong vng ny, cn c vi lng tn Thiu-x, ngha l lng h Thiu. 7 . nc ta, lc i tn mt x no, thng vn gi ly mt phn tn c, d nh v d nhn trong giao-thi. Tn t thng gm hai ting; lc i th hoc gi ting trn, hoc gi ting di. Cho n ch b i, trong tn mi, cng thng c gi ly hoc hnh-dng, hoc ngha, m nhiu khi c gi c hnh, c ngha. V d ch Minh i ra ch lng. Hai ch u ngha l sng v t-dng hi ging nhau.
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S i tn c nhiu c. C thng l v king ch hy ca cc i vua; v d i L, i An-bang ra An-qung, Thanh-m ra Thanh-tr; i Nguyn i Kim-hoa ra Kim-anh, Nam-chn ra Nam-trc Mt c rt thng l trng-pht hay khen-thng t y. Vd lng Trung-l H-tnh b i ra Qui-nhn. C lc v dn lng t cho tn lng mnh khng hay, cho nn dn t xin i. Nh lng Bn-in Ngh-an i ra Phin. Mt c rt thng l v phn-tch mt n-v to ra nhiu mnh, ri thay tn c bng nhiu tn mi. Trong trng hp chia i t, ngi ta thng ly ch u nguyn-danh lm ch u cho mt tn mi, v ch cui nguyn-danh lm ch cui cho tn mi th hai. Lc hp hai n-v th ly ch u ca mt tn v ch cui ca tn kia m chp li, v d tng-c H-Ninh l tng-c H-ni, Bc-ninh. Trong trng-hp chia ra nhiu mnh, th ngi ta ly mt ch lm gc (v d tn tc) c sn trong nguyn-danh, ri thm mt ch mi ln trn hay xung di lm ch-nh-t, m phn-bit. V-d lng St thnh Thnh-lit, Thanh-lit, T-lit; lng M thnh Bch-mai, Hong-mai, Tng-mai, Mai-ng.

. Sch ANCL c chp rng ph Thanh-ha c gip C-chin. Theo bia BA, th gip y

l t ng-sn. Cui i Trn, s chp tn sng Ln l i-li, lng pha bc sng l lng i-li. Chc l bin-danh ca i-l. Lng i-li l qu ca H Qu-Ly. Nm 1398, QuLy dng cung Bo-thanh di chn ni i-li, p vua Trn Thun-tng (TT). Sau khi Qu-Ly ln ngi, thng hay v ngh mt . Dng cung gi l Ly-cung. C b tm, xy , c trm tr rt p. B tm, th ly nc sui cho vo. Nay vt-tch b tm cn. Nu bi t tm vng ny, ta s bit r nhiu iu v i Trn-mt. Cng , c cha Kim-u, dng i Trn, nay cn b iu-khc rt p, v mt pho tng Pht c, c l t i Trn. 3. 10 . Mn-gic l tn c vua ban cho, sau khi s mt. Hy ca s l Trng. Lc b s vo hu Cn-c. Thi-hu rt yu. Cho nn sau khi Cn-c ln ngi, thi-hu li ban hiu cho ng l Hoi-tn. Sau khi s i tu ni ting, thi-hu li mi vo cha Gio-nguyn trong cung. Thi-hu khng gi s bng tn, m ch gi l trng-lo. Theo nhng iu m TUTA chp trn, th ang lc sinh-thi, Mn-gic mang hiu Hoitn trng lo. Hiu y so vi hiu Sng-tn trng-lo, chp trong bia LX, c khc ch Hoi. Nhng hai hiu ngha nh nhau. Ta c th on rng, hai trng-lo kia ch l mt. C l, i Trn c king ting Sng cho nn TUTA mi i ra Hoi nh th.
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Xt tn, xt chc, xt a-v ca Sng-tn trng-lo v Hoi-tn trng-lo, ta c th tin rng hai ngi l mt. Vy, v s ti thm L Thng-Kit, nm 1085, Thanh-ha, chnh l Mn-gic i-s.
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. Theo L Tc l ngi Thanh-ha i Trn, vit trong ANCL, th Thanh-ha c ln

Long-i, m cng gi l Bo-i. Cnh ln u-ut, p, c ng th Pht, ngoi c lu gc trn sn ni. Trc mt c sng, sau c li i v ngi nc. Rng thng vi dm, ni vn trng. Xa truyn rng trong hang c th di ln. Cho nn tn tc l ni Hang-di. Nhng sch, ANCL ca Cao Hng-Trng, Vit-kiu-th, v Minh-ch chc u chp theo mt gc m ra, gc y l L Tc. Nhng v sao lm, in lm, cho nn c khc nhau t nhiu. Ngy nay cn c ng Bch-c lng Tr-ni, huyn Nga-sn, cng c tn tc Hang-di. Nhng ti tng tn y, cc hang thng c. Theo trn, ni Long-t khng phi d. Sch Minh-ch cng c chp ni Long-i vo hng danh-sn. Sch NNTC XIV/31a ni rng ni Long-i l ni Hm-rng ngy nay, m tn ch l Long-hm.

Xt hai tn Phn-i, Long-t, ta c th ng rng ca b y v ni y cng chng xa ni Long-i i Trn. Ti tng rng ni Long-t l ni Long-hm (Hm-rng), v ca b Phn i l ca sng M. Ni Long-hm hay Hm-rng l nhn cui ca mt dy ni, chy di trn hu-ngn sng M t lng Dng-x n cu Hm-rng, di trn khong 5 cy-s. Ni l ni t ln , nhng nhn Hm-rng th ton . Trn cao c ng, tn ng l Long-quang. ng c hai ca hai bn, hnh nh hai mt rng, m thng gi l Long-nhn. Ni st b sng, trn b c mm d ra nh hnh mi rng, cho nn gi l Long-t. Gn mt nc c hai lp trng nhau nh hm rng, l Long-hm. Ton hnh, trng t phng bc, ging nh u rng ng ung nc. Bn kia sng c nhn trn, ngi ta gi l ni Ha-chu. Cnh chung gi l Long h chu (rng vn ht ngc chu). Chc rng i L, ca sng M gn ni Long-t hn by gi. V b b t ra n ca Thn-ph mi nm bi thm khng t. Ca Thn ph nay trong t ngt 10 cy s, ca Bch-cu huyn Nga-sn, xa cng gn ni Vn-hon, nh th Phm SMnh, ng nm 1372 cn chng. Ni ny cng t ln nhau, tr phn cui v pha nam l ton . - c ng, c cha. Trc ca ng c bia i Trn. Trn bia c khc thm mt bi th ca Phm SMnh t cnh chung-quanh, th ni: Tro ln ng nhn xung thy sng ni ngn vn dm, gia tri ni nc, gia nc ni ni. l t ca b Bch-cu.