HT.

MT TH

VIT NAM PHT GIO S LC Nh Xut Bn Tn Gio Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.org Chuyn sang ebook 8-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
Ta Vi nt v Thin s Thch Mt Th Li ni u PHM L TIU DN Chng mt - I. NGUN GC PHT GIO Chng hai - II. PHT GIO TRUNG QUC Chng ba - III. A TH NC VIT NAM NGUN GC V TINH THN NGI VIT NAM Chng t - IV. TN PHI TRUYN VO VIT NAM LCH S Chng mt - THI I PHT GIO DU NHP PHT GIO I BC THUC (43 - 544) Chng hai - PHT GIO I HU L NAM (571 - 602) V I BC THUC TH BA (603 - 939) Chng ba - PHT GIO I NH INH (968 - 980) V I TIN L (980 - l09) Chng t - PHT GIO I NH L (l010 - 1225) 1. L Thi T (l010 - l088) 2. L Thi Tn (l028 - l054) 3. L Thnh Tn (l054 - l072) 4. L Nhn Tn (1072 - 1127) 5. L Thn Tn (1128 - 1138) 6. L Anh Tn (1138 -1175) 7. L Cao Tn (1176 - 1210) 8. L Hu Tn (1211 - 1225)

Chng nm - PHT GIO I NH TRN (1225 - 1400) 1. Trn Thi Tn (1225 - 1258) 2. Trn Thnh Tn (1258 - 1278) 3. Trn Nhn Tn 4. Trn Anh Tn (1293 - 1314) Chng su - PHT GIO I NH H (1400 - 1407) N I THUC MINH (1414 - 1427) Chng by - PHT GIO I HU L (1428 - 1527) Chng tm - PHT GIO THI I NAM BC PHN TRANH (1528 - 1802) Chng chn - PHT GIO TRONG THI K CN I (TRIU NGUYN) Chng mi - PHT GIO HIN I Ph lc - NHNG GING K CA CC PHI A. T Nguyn Thiu B. T Liu Qun

---o0o--Li khen cun Vit Nam Pht gio S lc1 Thng Trng Xun nm Qu Mi, Php s Mt Th du hnh cc tnh pha Nam mang theo bn co Quc ng cun Vit Nam Pht gio s, v tha vi ti l tp sch do Php s tri bao nm thng su tm bin son m thnh, thnh cu ti chng gim. Ti nhn ly bn co v c k. Mi khi m tnh n cao, ngi bn cun sch, ngh n S tng c nm theo hc ni ti, ti bit c ch hng v nguyn vng ca S. Ngoi vic tu hc, S cha tng lu tm n vic phin dch trc thut nhm cho s nghip hong php. Xa kia Pht gio t ng sang, truyn nhp vo nc Nam ta hn ngn nm. Ch v o T Thnh Tng tng tc pht xut cng c, chiu sng lch s, h u tng mai mt. Ngy hm nay y c c cun sch ny, chng nhng c cng vi Pht gio m cn c cng vi Pht hc vy. Do ti vui mng v lng v bin, vi c my li tn thn. Pht ging th 2506, thng ba ma Xun, Cha Thp Thp, Bnh nh Ha thng Phc Hu. ---o0o---

Ta Pht gio khi thy n , truyn i khp cc x ln cn. Trc ht sang cc nc Trung T ri th sang Ty Tng, Trung Hoa, Cao Ly, Nht Bn v cc nc min Nam Chu . Vit Nam ta cng trong phm vi nh hng y. Mi khi Pht gio vo x no th ty theo tnh tnh, phong tc, quc , thi c x y m phng tin truyn th. Pht gio mi x c mt tinh thn v mt tnh cch khc nhau cng nh lch s cc x y Nn mun kho v Pht gio mt x no cn phi chia ra lm hai phn : Phn Lch s v phn gio l cng trit l. Lch s c kho cu c r rng th gio l, trit l suy nghin mi c v vc. Hi n Lch s Pht gio Vit Nam nh th ai cng bo: C t inh, L tri qua L, Trn, L ri n bn triu, ta hi nh mt vn gin d qu. Tht vy, cc quan s phn nhiu ch thy c ni n Pht gio i inh m thi. Bit u bt u t inh, Vit Nam ta nhn Pht gio lm Quc gio, t Tng quan trong triu, th chc hn Pht gio hi ti mt trnh thnh t lm ri. Bi th trong vn Pht gio truyn vo t bao gi? Truyn vo cch no? ng no? T pha Bc hay t pha Nam? y, chnh nhng cu hi y, khin ta phi tm nghin cu. Nhng sch ni v vn Lch s Pht gio Vit Nam tuy khng phi khng c, nhng cng khng ly u c nhiu, m cng khng ph cp mi ngi. Bt qu ch vn vn c vi ba b nh : Thin uyn tp anh, Thng yu k ng lc, o gio nguyn lu v...v v mt vi b Ng lc cng nm ba thin truyn k cc v Cao Tng. V nhng ni eo hp kh khn y, nn my ai c ci hng th v ng trc thut, m c mt t - rt t - cng du trong cha ring, sao i chp li, chc cha c bn no l hon thin m ai cng c xem. Tuy vy c cn hn khng : nh c nhng sch y ca tin nhn ta li m ta bit c cht t v Lch s Pht gio nc nh. H khng phi l nhng ti liu qu ha cho mn s hc ny hay sao? Khn ni nhng sch y vit ton bng ch Hn c i vi phi xut gia khng k, cn quc dn ta, t khi Hn hc khng c nhn dy cc trng cng, hc gii ta ly Quc vn v Php vn thay vo. Cc bc tn tin ngy nay i vi kho sch ch Hn xa gn nh chim chch vo rng. Nu khng dch ra ch Quc ng th cc ti liu qu ha y cng chng b ch cho hc gii c bao nhiu.

Vy ngy nay trong Thin gia hc gii c ngi dng cng su tp c ti liu Hn vn, Quc vn cng Php vn, em dch thut, sa son ph din lm thnh mt quyn sch khin c gi c th bit qua c Lch s Quc gio Vit Nam trong my nghn nm, h chng c ch lm ru ! Khng nhng th, nhng ti liu su tp li l ti liu qu gi cho s hc gii sau ny, th d trong khng khi c iu sai lm khim khuyt, song v mn ti liu th sch ny vn l c cng to. Chnh v cc l y, nn xin gii thiu cng cc hc gi v cc Pht t Vit Nam sch Vit Nam Pht gio s lc ca Thng ta Mt Th, gio s Trng Sn Mn Pht hc Hu. Mong rng Thng ta bn ch sa tp, c gng lm thm cun VIT NAM PHT GIO GIO L th tht b ch cho tng lai Pht gio Vit Nam nh ta lm vy. Ring phn chng ti ly lm mong mi v cng. Nay knh Thc Ngc : TRN VN GIP Vit ti Th vin cha Qun s Tr s Trung ng Hi Pht gio Bc k - H Ni ngy nhp ng thng mi nm Nhm Ng (1942). ---o0o---

Vi nt v Thin s Thch Mt Th
(1913 - 1961)2 Thin s tn tht l Nguyn Hu K, sanh nm 1912 lng Nguyt Biu, huyn Hng Thy, tnh Tha Thin, thnh ph Hu. Chnh qun huyn Tng Sn, Gia miu ngoi trang, tnh Thanh Ha, dng Thch L ca c Nguyn Hu B. Lc nh theo hc Nho gio v Quc ng chng trnh Php Vit. Thin s Primaire. Ngi thng minh, lanh li. Gia nh u qui hng theo Pht. C thn sinh v ngi anh rut cng u xut gia lm t chn Thin lm.

Ln 12 tui, Thin s c thn sanh em v cha Diu H (Hu) cho tu hc. Hng ngy cn mn hc tp. Bn cht thng minh nn ch my chc tip thu mt cch mau chng Kinh Lut cn bn ca Pht gio. Ln 16 tui Thin s nhp chng cha T Quang vi Ha thng Gic Bn. Nhn thy Thin s l ngi xut sc, m ang, nn cho vo tu hc cha Trc Lm vi Ha thng Gic Tin. Khi vo y nh c gp nc, rng gp my, Thin s li c gn Thy gn bn, hc hi chuyn cn nn tr hu mau chng pht trin. Nm ln 18 tui, Thin s c Ha thng Gic Tin th v cho th Sadi gii vi Php danh Tm Nht, Php t l Mt Th. Nm 1932, Ho thng Gic Tin thnh i lo Ha thng Phc Hu cha Thp Thp tnh Bnh nh ra khai ging Pht hc ng cha Trc Lm v Ty Thin, Thin s c c cch cho theo hc lp ny. Nm 1935, Ha thng Bn s vin tch. Nm 1937 Ha thng Thp Thp v tui gi khng th dy tip nn tr v T nh Thp Thp Bnh nh an ngh. Thin s xin vi S huynh sang Trung Quc nghin cu v Pht hc Vin Pht hc Tiu Sn do Ha thng Tinh Nghim lm Tr tr. Cuc chin tranh Hoa-nht bng n, nm 1938 Thin s tr v Vit Nam lm Ging s cho Sn mn Pht hc v An Nam Pht hc Hi. Trong thi gian ny Thin s trc tc quyn Vit Nam Pht gio S lc. Ngoi ra cn dch tip quyn Pht gio Khi lun, Pht hc d gii v kinh i tha v lng ngha. Nm 1941, Thin s nhn lm gio th cho Pht hc ng Lng Xuyn ti Tr Vinh c mt nm ri tr ra Hu. n nm 1944, Thin s th C tc gii Gii n ti cha Thuyn Tn do Ho thng Gic Nhin lm n u. Trong Gii n ny Thin s ng u cc gii t v c cng nhn l Th Sa-di. Nm 1945, Thin s c Sn mn c gi chc Tr tr cha Ph Quang c Hu. Nhng vn nhn ngh s tn tui thi by gi nh c Trn Vn Gip, Phm Qunh, Khi Hng . . . u n n cha Ph Quang m o vi Thin s.

Nm 1946, Thin s tham gia Phong tro Pht gio cu quc khi Chnh ph Lm thi t chc Tng tuyn c, Thin s c c ra ng c n v Tha Thin v c c i biu Quc Hi kha I nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. Cng nm 1946 ny, Thin s c mi lm Ch tch y ban Pht gio Cu quc tnh Tha Thin. Trong nhng nm s tn, Thin s v Ngh An v vin tch ti y. Thin s tr th 49 nm, th tch nm 1961 ti Ngh An. Nhng tc phm ca Thin s xut bn t nm 1941-1957 gm c : - Pht gio yu lc. - Pht gio khi lun. - Ci t sn mn. - Xun o l. - i tha V lng ngha. - Vit Nam Pht gio s lc. Trong thi gian Ngh An, Thin s phin dch v trc tc Kinh Lut Lun rt nhiu, nhng hin nay tht lc v chin tranh. Thp ca Thin s hin c ci tng cha Trc Lm - Hu. ---o0o---

Li ni u
ng v phng din tuyt i m ni, chn l vn khng c thi gian v khng gian. Thi gian v khng gian khng, th, trn ci i ny c ci g ng gi l lch s v ai l ngui chp lch s ? Xa c Pht t qua 49 nm thuyt php gio ha, khi gn nhp Nit-bn, Ngi mun khai th cho chng bit o l "bt nh php mn", Ngi dy: Ta xa nay cha tng ni mt ch3 Huyn diu thay ! Cu ni tuy rt vn tt, n s m bao hm bit bao ngha. V sao ? Vi chn l tuyt i bn th "php gii thanh tnh tm " th vn t hay ng ngn u l tha c.

nh vy, nhng cuc i ny l tng i. Trm ngn hin tng ph din trc mt, ngi ta khng th cng nhau bo l khng c. Ton th nhn loi chng sinh m lm, nhn vn hu trong v tr cho l tht c, nn manh tm tranh dnh kin thit, mu cu s tin ha hnh phc. Nhng tri li, ch cng nhau quay cung hp ln trong bin kh ! Ni nguy hi ca lch s biu din ra rnh rnh, sao ngi ta khng chu xa nha n i, mi ngi c sng trong cnh gii ha ng, khng cn phn chia vn ha, chng tc ca mi a gii ? Ni vy, khng phi ti bi quan, ph nhn s tin ha hin thi ca nhn loi. Nhng tin ha bng cch no ch ? Nu tin ha m buc nhn loi mi rc ly s chm git ln nhau, th khc hi bit chng no ? Mc ch v tinh thn Pht gio vn dt dn mi ngi t n chn l tuyt i. V, chng ti bao gi cng th theo tm V tng ca ch Pht, chn l tuyt i ca php gii m tu tr; ngoi ra khng dm manh tm tranh dnh mt a v hay mt thin lch s g cho Pht gio hay cho c nhn trong x hi nhn loi ny. Chng qua vi gia hon cnh ngi ngi u xem trong lch s, suy tm lch s, m Pht gio li l nn gio l vn sn phng tin ty duyn khai ha, c php ny php kia cho ht thy mi ngi bit m tu hc. Vy Pht gio l mt hin tng trn th gii, ni hp l mt tn gio truyn vo nc Vit Nam ny, l no li khng c mt lch s truyn b ? * K Pht gio t khi truyn vo t Vit Nam ta n nay gm c ci lch s gn 2.000 nm. Qua cc triu i inh, L, L, Trn, L khng phi l khng thnh v, Pht gio khng b ch cho th o nhn tm. Cc v T s, cc bc Cao Tng xa nh ngi Php Hin Thin s, Khung Vit thi s, Vn Hnh Thin s, Cm Thnh Thin s v Trc Lm tam t v.v... tng em ch tu hc hong php ca mnh m m mang nn o c vn ha cho nc nh khng phi l t. Th m tr mt t ti liu chp ri rc trong cc sch s v mt i quyn Ng lc gia ph cc cha, th khng cn c mt quyn sch no c th ng gi l mt quyn lch s c t chc lm gng soi chung cho ngi sau, noi theo bit c iu hay cn bt chc, iu d phi trnh xa, ng gip v s xt on trn bc ng tu hc hong php. (Ni th ch ti u dm ch trch g c nhn. Khng, ti bit lm ! - 1. Ngi xa tnh

tnh thun phc, v li nn kinh t k ngh 4 cha c pht trin my, nn ngi hc o (Pht hay Nho cng vy) ct tu tm dng tnh, ch u phi chuyn v mt vn ha trc thut. V vy, khng nhng ring v Pht gio thiu quan nim lch s m cho en th gian cc bc tin bi ta cng thiu hn quan nim y. Hung na Pht gio l mt tn gio cha y t tng v tng. Ngi hnh o d c lm vic g to ln n u cng khng cn ai bit v chng lu tm bin chp iu li lm g. 2. Nc Vit Nam ta l mt nc nh gn mt nc ln - Trung Hoa, ngt 1000 nm ni thuc, ht thy vn ha, gio dc u phi hc i theo nhng sch v m h ch qua cho ta c cn khng ht, c th gi u m ngh n vic trc tc. V d c ngh n vic trc tc th, vit ch Hn chi bng c sch h l hn, m nu vit bng ting nc nh th ch Nm ta thi y cn cho l nm na, khng c gi tr, chi bng thi l xong. Nhng khuyt im y ta phi nhn l mt cng l ca thi i trc. M tht ra ngi ng thi cng khng ly th cho l khuyt im). Ngy nay nhn phong tro hc thut tin b, t tng ngi ta quan nim nhiu v lch s. Ring v Pht gio phn ng ngi hc Pht cng mun bit n tung tch nn Pht gio ca nc nh mnh th no ... Vn bit hc o ch tm thy con ng v l c cn g phi hi n T tng 5 . Nhng thit ngh, nu bit c T tng th li c hi g ? V li bc u nu khng bit T tng th nng vo u m tm thy c con ng v. V thin kin, mun thch ng vi nhu cu ca thi i, b khuyt vo ch khuyt hm trn nn Lch s Pht gio nc nh, quyn Vit Nam Pht gio s lc ny ra i. Ni li ln na, bn chng ti khng v xua a theo danh li, hay ph trng ci hay ci gii trong Pht gio, m ch mt lng v vn ha hc thut, i vi mc ch hong php li sanh, ch mong c lm - d cng vic g, nhim v ca mt Pht t trong mt thi i. Nhng ti liu chng ti dng vit sch ny, v phng din Pht hc phn nhiu cn c vo quyn Vit Nam Thuyn uyn tp anh, Thng yu k ng lc, Vit Nam Thuyn tn th h v quyn Le Bouddhisme An-nam des origines au XIII sicle ca Trn Vn Gip tin sanh. Cn v sch ngoi th c b Quc Triu tin bin. Chnh bin, lch s nhn vt ch, Khm nh Vit s thng gim cng mc, i Vit k, i Nam nht thng ch, Vit

Nam s lc v.v Tm li nhng sch v hoc bo ch g dng lm ti liu k cu trong khi vit sch ny, chng ti u c k vo mc sch tham kho r rng tin c gi khi mun xt li iu g. Tic v khng gian quyn sch ny c hn v mi phin tp trong s bin tp nn chng ti khng th nh du ht s xut ca mi ch c. iu , tng c gi cng xt bit m lng th cho. Ni dung sch ny chia lm hai phn : T lun v Lch s. Phn T lun chia lm bn chng. Trc ht thut qua lc s c Thy t Pht gio v tnh hnh duyn cch Pht gio n , ri n Pht gio Trung Hoa; a th nc Vit Nam, ngun gc v tinh thn ngi Vit Nam v.v... V phn Lch s chia lm mi chng. Bt u kho xt Pht gio t khi mi du nhp, ln lt qua cc triu i cho n hin i. Trong khong thi gian gn 2000 nm, s b gio ca lit v T s ra th no, tnh cnh thnh suy ca Pht gio qua cc triu i ra th no, chng ti u tham hip vi tnh hnh chnh tr, kinh t ca mi thi i trong nc m ghi chp r rng k lng. Sau mi tn phi li c mt bn k v th h cho c gi tin b tham kho. Chng ti khng dm t ngh l hon ton trong cng cuc kho xt, nhng vi ti liu xa, chng ti c tm v c chn ly nhng iu xt tht ng tin. Chng ti khng c xa vng g hn l mong sch ny n ch l mt cun i quan v mt thin lch s, phn s ca n l m ng cho nhng cun Vit Nam Pht gio s sau ny. * Chng ti vn nhn thy kho xt lch s l mt cng vic rt ln lao, khng phi ring phn c nhn m m ng ni. Ring v Pht gio, Thng Chi tin sanh cng tng than : Su tm ti liu vit quyn Vit Nam Pht gio s l mt vic rt kh 6. Nhng chng ti em ht nhit tm, nhn ly mt trch nhim, trong ba, bn nm nay vi s yu au, vi nhng khi mt nhc, chng ti vn c gng quyt eo ui mt mc ch : Phng s Pht gio. Trong s bin tp cng nh c nhiu thin hu tri thc gip cho ti, hoc v ti liu, hoc bin chp hay cho nhng on Php vn c quan h n Lch s Pht gio. Tic rng khng th ghi ht c, vy xin cc bn hoan h nhn ly y, lng thnh tht cm n ca ti. V chng ti rt trng mong cc bc i c trong cc Sn mn cng cc hc gi, c s trong nc, sau khi quyn sch ny ra i nu c may mn

nm trn tay qu ngi, nh cn ch no sai lm khuyt im, xin qu ngi vui lng ch gio li cho. Chng ti rt chn thnh cm t. IU NG T MT TH Vit Trc Lm - Hu Gia ma Xun nm Qu T (Pht lch : 2506 - Ty lch : 1943) ---o0o---

PHM L
1. Phn T lun trong sch ny, v tho lun cc vn c hi di sau ngh mun b i, nhng li tic ci cng trnh tho ra n. Vy c gi mun hiu ngay tnh hnh ca mt thin lch s, xin hy gi ngay phn lch s c trc, khi ri rnh s tham kho phn T lun sau, cng khng ngi g. 2. Nhng bn trong sch ny, tr bn A, bn H, v bn I ra, cn cc bn khc u theo s sp t ca Trn tin sanh trong sch Le Bouddhisme en An-nam ... Chng qua on di bn G, tc gi c sa li my tn cho ng hip vi th t v nhng ch trong ging k. 3. K ra Pht gio Trung k gn y, ngoi phi Nguyn Thiu v Liu Qun, cn c cc phi nh khc, gc hai phi trn m lp ra, t ring mt ging k khc. Nhng s truyn thng khng c pht t lm, nn i khi khng th chp thnh bn c 4. Bt c mt tn gio ny, truyn vo nc no, v s thnh suy u c lin quan bi cc vn chnh tr, kinh t, x hi ca cc thi i trong nc y. Sch ny v mun khi hng cho c gi, nn tc gi da theo tnh hnh ca cc thi i trong nc, lc thut mt cch r rng, c gi khi c rt c nhiu th v. 5. Sch ny vit xong va gp thi cuc chin tranh ngy thm rc ri, i vi vn n lot tht trm phn kh khn, nn nh phi nm trong t mt thi gian, nay mi em in c. Vy cc gio hu xa gn, hu tm mong i xin vui lng lng th. ---o0o---

TIU DN
Theo tc truyn, nc Vit Nam ta khai quc bt u t di Hng Bng (2879 trc TL..?) ly quc hiu l Xch Qu. By gi dn ta cn mng mui lm, ngoi s tn ngng thn tri (ng Sm, m St), thn cy, thn v. v nh cc dn mi r hin gi, th cng khng c mt tn ngng g thuc v mt tn gio no na. iu khng c g l l; bi khng lun dn tc no, h cn vo ci thi k d man, tr thc cha c ny n, th v phn tn ngng, i khi u ging nhau. V ngi ta cn dng bao nhiu cu thn thoi gii thch nhng hin tng m ngi ng thi cho l b mt kh hiu trong v tr. Nh chuyn Sn tinh, Thy tinh trong I.ch s nc ta chng hn v.v.. Nn ta c th ni s tn ngng y l mt Thn o rt ph bin ca nhn loi bui s khai. n i Tn Thy Hong sai Th em qun sang nh Bch Vit (Qung ng, Qung Ty v Bc k by gi), (214 trc TL), cho n khi Triu ni ln lm b ch c qun Nam Hi v u Lc (tn c nc ta ngy xa) (207 trc TL) th dn ta mi bt u tip xc vi vn ha Trung Quc. Tuy vy cng cha c hp th g my. Mi n u th k, sau khi L Bc c dit xong h Triu, cc vua Trung Quc mi ngh n vic truyn b vn chng, l ngha sang lnh th mi. Nhng tht ra, thi y h cng ch dy cho mt s t ngi hiu s v l gio v lm thng ngn m thi. n i S Nhip, ngha l bt u vo khong nm 178, h S c lnh chc Thi Th t ny, by gi s gio dc mi c t chc, cc hc thuyt Khng, Mnh mi bt u truyn b mt cch r rt. Trong khi h S ng em Nho hc khai ha cho dn ta, ng thi Pht gio cng n v Trung Quc truyn vo; sau Pht gio li c Lo gio, cng truyn vo lc ny. Th l dn nc ta n y c c ba tn gio. Tu trung Pht gio trc tin c nhn lm Quc gio v c nhn dn sng tn hn c. Nh tinh thn sng sut ca th o, vi cng nghip b gio ca cc T s, Pht gio rt c cng to trn lch s vn ha nc nh.

M Pht gio l gc n truyn qua Trung Quc sang ta; v s lin quan y, nn trc khi mun r Lch s Pht gio Vit Nam, ta cn phi bit qua ngun gc Pht gio n v Pht gio Trung quc. iu tng cng khng phi l v ch. ---o0o---

Chng mt - I. NGUN GC PHT GIO

Gn ba mi lm th k v trc, dn tc A-ly-an (Aryen) thu phc nc n v chia dn chng ra lm bn bc : 1. Chng tc B-la-mn (Brahmana), tc l cc o s hc hnh uyn bc, gii hnh oan nghim; vn ha hc thut ca dn tc u trong tay cc bc ny c. 2. Chng tc St l (Ksatrya), tc l ging gii vua cha. 3. Chng tc Ph x (Vaisya), tc l hng bun bn bnh dn. 4. Chng tc Th la (Soudra), gm nhng dn tc ti t lao ng. Ngoi ra li cn mt chng tc l Ba-ly-a (Pariahs), tc l nhng dn tc mi r. Theo lut B-la-mn th ch c ba chng tc trn l c quyn c kinh hc o m thi, cn hai chng tc di khng c quyn g v phi lm n l cho ba phi trn. By gi ton ci n chia lm rt nhiu nc nh, thng khi ha chin vi nhau nh i Chin quc bn Trung Quc, tuy i th vn thu v nc Ma-kit- (Magadha) (nh cc nc ch hu vi i Chu Mc vy). Nc ny ln nht pha Nam sng Hng h (Gange), lm trung tm im cho ton x n . Trong nhng nc c danh ting nht thi y, c nc Ca-t-la-v (Kapilavastu) 7, vua tn l Tnh Phn (Sudhodana) Hong hu l Ma-ha Mada (Maha-maya) con vua A-nu Thch-ca (Anu-sakya) nc Cu-ly (Koly) 8. Khi y vua Tnh Phn 50 tui v Hong hu 45 tui mi th thai ln u. Theo tc n , n b phi v nh cha m m sanh con, v con sanh ra u

ly h m, nn Hong hu v nc Cu-ly, n sanh c Hong t ly tn l Tt-t-a (Siddharta) v h l Thch-ca (Sakya). Hong t Tt-t-a sau ny l Pht Thch-ca, hiu l Mu-ni (Mouni), ngha l vng lng, nhn c hon ton. Ni sinh Ngi l vn Lm-t-ni (Lumbini). Nm 1897 bc s A Fuhrer c o c ni y mt tr ca vua A Dc (Asoka) (sau khi Pht tch dit chng 270 nm) nh du ch ca c Pht ging sinh. Cn v nin i ging sinh ca Ngi hin c nhiu thuyt khc nhau 9 . Theo thuyt ph thng th Ngi sanh ngy mng 8 thng t m lch i Chiu Vng nh Chu (trc Ty lch 1027 nm). Nhng theo php s Php Chu, ngi Trung Quc tng du hc Tch Lan (Ceylan), dy cng nghin cu v lch s Pht, c dn chng bng my chc b sch va vn Trung Quc v vn Pali, th Ngi sanh vo khong nm 563 trc Thin cha ging sanh. Ngi t bm thng minh t thu nh. By tui Ngi theo hc cc o s phi B-la-mn, nh ng T-xa-mt-a-la (Visvamitra) v ng tng v S n--b (Ksautidiva). Dn dn Ngi thng hiu cc khoa, nht l ngh lun, trit l. Chnh trong khi bt u hiu bit y, cng l khi Ngi bt u cm thy chn nn cuc i vinh hoa ph qu v bun au cho cuc th ca nhn sinh. Nhng v c g mt v thiu nin Hong t sng mt cuc i p , khng bao gi trc tip vi i m li c tm l y ? Ri sau y ti sao Ngi bit i kh m xt thng n phi x thn tm phng gii thot ? Chng ta cn nn tm su vo nguyn l y. C suy my bc thnh trit Trung Hoa ai cng bit, bi sng gia thi i qu suy i, ln hip b, mnh hip yu, th ngi L am mi to ra c trit l v vi ca o Lo; i Xun thu phong ha i bi (cha khng ra cha, con khng ra con, vua khng ra vua, ti khng ra ti), th Ngi Khng Khu mi sng ra php tu thn ca o Nho. Nh vy r, hon cnh gip nn thnh trit, m ngi tr nn thnh trit ch l ngi mun ci thin thi th. Nu i chin quc khng phi l thi phong kin, v l i sng thanh bnh nh thi Nghiu, Thun th c Khng t hay Lo t, nc Trung Quc cng khng thm c mn trit l no.

Vy ni n Pht Thch-ca, tt cng phi xt n nguyn nhn chnh ng. Nguyn nhn chnh ng y chnh l lng t bi ca Ngi, ngha l suy n hon cnh Ngi. Nh trn ni, dn tc n by gi chia ra lm nm phi r rt Ngi l ging qu tc. Nhng xt ra ging qu tc ch c quyn m khng c th, v bao nhiu hc thut, lut php u trong tay phi B-la-mn c. Mt Hong t thiu nin c ti nh c Thch-ca, thy vy tt phi sinh lng bt mn cho ci ch y. Ri Ngi li thy ci kh ca nhng k n l gn Ngi. Ngi sinh ra bt bnh vi ci tp qun bt cng ca dn tc. S bun ru ca Ngi khi im t y. Li hng ngy Ngi thng nghe v thy bao nhiu chuyn au kh ca nhn loi, v, d ngi c sanh vo ni quyn qu, ni m ngi i cho l sung sng, cng khng trnh khi bn ci ch sanh, lo, bnh, t. Th l Ngi bt u ng vc mi trit l truc s sng au kh ca loi ngi. Ngi li cng bun ru khi thy ch c mnh Ngi cm bit ni au kh y, cn bit bao nhiu ngi vn sng m man.. ... tranh ua, p ch, cp git ln nhau, gy thm cho nhau bao nhiu l cnh kh no thng tm, m ngi i vn trin min sng trong vng ti li ti tm, trong cnh kh khng b bn m khng h t bit ? Nhn Ngi mi nhm trong tm mt l tng : Phi tm ly chn l cu vt chng sinh ra ngoi b kh. T Ngi c tm trong kinh in, trong o l mong tm thy mt chn l m gii lun cuc nhn sanh. Nm 16 tui, Ngi vng li vua cha ci 3 v phu nhn La-gia (Gapika), Gia-du--la (Yasodhara), Lc-gi (Urganika). B Gia-du--la sanh c mt con trai ly tn l La-hu-la. Nhng cng ngy Ngi cng chn nn i sng tm thng d v p con yu y. Nm 19 tui, khi s chn nn ln n cc , Ngi quyt b v con, b cuc i vinh hoa ph qu, vo hang ni chu i rt, tu kh hnh mong tm ngh c mt phng php g cu loi ngi ra khi vng kh i, v by cnh cc lc trn th gian. Trong my nm y, Ngi i tm hi my v o s c danh ting, nhng Ngi thy trit l ca v no cng khng c siu thot lm. Ngi lin vo n trong dy Tuyt Sn (tc l ni Gi-x-gaya trong sch Pht ngy sau gi l Kh hnh lm) tu tp thin nh. Trong 6 nm tri tu kh hnh, nhng Ngi khng thy chng c o qu g. Ngi mi i n ni Tng u (Gajasirsa) bn sng Ni-lin-thuyn (NaiRdjjna)10 tm ra xong, Ngi th bt sa ca my nng mc n cng, ri

Ngi mt mnh tnh ta suy xt. Ngi th : "Ta ngi y nu khng chng c o qu, th d c tan nt thn ny, ta quyt khng bao gi ng dy.Di gc cy Tt-bt-la (Pippala), Ngi ngi nh tm, va nh tm 48 ngy th, mt hm, khi sao mai va mc, Ngi bng thy trong tm sng sut, r thy chn l ca v tr v ngun gc sanh t ca chng sinh: Ngi thnh Pht. By gi Ngi va 31 tui 11, ngy y nhm ngy mng 8 thng chp lch Trung Hoa (Ngy nay Nam thnh Patna chng 110 cy s c thnh Gi gia (Gaya) v cch thnh ny 13 cy s c linh a gi l Pht Gi-gia (Bouddha Gaya), tc l ch Ngi thnh Pht vy. Cn cy Ttbt-la l ch Ngi ngi nhp nh, sau gi l cy B-, du tch nay vn cn. Khi y Ngi yn lng, hon ton sng trong s sng sut nhim mu ca chn l m Ngi chng ng, ri Ngi tr li vi loi ngi em o l ra m thuyt php gio ha. T Ngi chu du khp cc lu vc sng Hng h, gio ha c v s chng sinh ng m mui, tr nn gic tnh, u qui y Pht php tu hnh dit kh, chng o Nit-bn. Ngi th 80 tui v tch dit vo ngy rm thng hai, trong mt vn cy gn thnh Cu-thi-la (Kusinagara). * Sau khi Pht Nit-bn, ngi Ma-ha Ca-dip (Maha-ksyapa) thay Pht thng sut Tng chng, hp c thy 500 v t Pht, thnh Vng-x (Rajagrika) ging tng li o l ca Pht dy. ng thi ch khc cng c ngi Ba-s-ca (Cspa) chiu tp hng vn Tng chng kit tp Php tng. Nhn trong Pht gio bt u chia lm hai phi Thng ta v i chng. Ri ln hi n k kit tp th hai (sau Pht Nit-bn hn 100 nm), k kit tp th ba (sau Pht Nit-bn hn 200 nm), v k kit tp th t (sau Pht Nit-bn chng 600 nm); qua cc k kit tp y ln lt li chia thnh 20 b phi; tuy c chia ra nhiu b phi nh vy, m vn tn th mt gio ch: Pht Thch-ca, v gio l u nng vo li Ngi dy t trc lm thnh in. Trong bn k kit tp k trn, hai k u ch nhm chng li ri cc v Thng ta ln n ging tng li nhng li Pht dy cho nh thi, mi n

hai k kit tp sau mi c bin chp thnh kinh in. Kt qu thnh hai li vn : vn Phn v vn Pali. Pht gio nh truyn b hu khp ton ci n , cho n ngy nay thnh th gii ha. Gn y cc hc gi u Chu nghin cu Pht gio, ly nc n lm trung tm, em Pht gio chia lm Nam phng Pht gio v Bc phng Pht gio. Nh hin nay Pht gio truyn Tch Lan (Ceylan), Min in, Xim La, Lo, Cao Mn, v.v. . . gi l Nam phng Pht gio Pht gio truyn Npal, Ty Tng, Trung Quc, Nht Bn, v.v. . . v c n Vit Nam ta gi l Bc phng Pht gio. S d gi Nam phng v Bc phng ch l s phn chia v a l, ch khng phi ni v i tha, Tiu tha; chng qua c th ni Bc truyn Pht gio phn nhiu thuc v pht trin Pht gio ; Nam truyn Pht gio so li gn vi nguyn th Pht gio. Nam phng Pht gio theo kinh in vn Pali ; Bc phng Pht gio theo kinh in vn Phn. * K t khi Pht gio chia thnh b phi ri th mi bn chp mi kin gii khc nhau, tranh nhau ngh lun tht ro rit, khin trn lch s Pht gio n , v khong trc th k th nht, th hai i tha Pht gio c h khng cn lu hnh na. Mi n u th k, Bc n c ngi M Minh ra i, lm lun i tha khi tn, cng nh sc ng h ca vua Ca-n-scca (Kaniska), ngi ht sc tuyn b phc hng gio l i tha, t i tha ln thnh. Sau 100 nm, li c ngi Long Th ni tip ra i, lm lun Trung qun, lun Thp nh, lun Tr v.v lm Khai t v i tha Khng tn v c Chn ngn tn na. i tha Pht gio nhn cng c pht dng ln mi. Ni nghip ngi Long Th, c hai v t l Long Tr v B, c hai ngi cng lm lun ging o ph dp ngoi o, Tiu tha, hong dng i tha (Pht gio truyn vo ta lc ny). ng thi Bc n , Tiu tha gio vn cn thnh hnh; c ngi Ha-lbt-ma (Hari-mamlan) chit trung hc l ca cc b phi, lm ra lun Thnh tht, pht huy o l v Nhn khng, Php khng, rt c tng hp c i tha v Tiu tha trong . Tiu tha Pht gio n n y c th bo l chung kt.

n sau khi Pht Nit-bn hn 900 nm, c ngi V Trc sanh Bc n , sau n Trung n, xng gio ngha i tha Duy thc. C em l ngi Th Thn nguyn trc vn ngi theo hc Tiu tha, c lm lun Cux, sau theo anh hc i tha, ri c hai ngi u cc lc pht dng gio ngha i tha Duy thc. Vo khong 1000 nm sau khi Pht Nit-bn l thi k Pht gio n pht trin n ch rc r, c nhiu bc i c, nhiu v lun s ra i, tuyn truyn gio l. Nhng n sau khi Pht Nit-bn khong 2000 nm, o B-la-mn c c phc hng, h ht sc bi xch Pht gio. Li c Hi gio Th-nh-k (Turquie) xm nhp n , dng th on khc lit, gia hi Pht gio, p thp ph cha, hy dit chnh php. V th Pht gio phi b suy dit, hu n tuyt tch! Cc nh vit s Pht gio n chm du ngay t . Nhng n th k 19, nc Anh xm lng n ng thi vi vn ha nc y, ngi u chu h rt tm nghin cu, ngy thy tin ti. Nn vi gi tr ph bin ca Pht gio, h nhn thc mt cch c bit v xn xao khen ngi. Khi , ngi n cng bt u kinh ngc, nhn ci vn ha nc mnh, mi ln ting ku go : Phc hng Pht gio. Rayendrachilala tin sanh l mt hc gi Pht gio u tin, xut hin gia phong tro nghin cu vn ha n ca ngi u Ty. Ngi cn c vo 144 loi kinh v Phn bn Npal, lm ra quyn Npal Pht gio Phn bn (Thelitasanskrit Buddhist Lilterature of Npal). Nm 1888 li c cho xut bn quyn Tiu phm Bt-nh. i vi s nghin cu Pht gio ngi rt l c cng. Nm 1893 c Sarat Chandrodas tin sanh li xng ln hi Nghin cu thnh in Pht gio n v nhn loi hc thut. Khi y li cng kch thch ngi n i vi c vn nghin cu Pht gio. i B- hi l mt on th rt c th lc trong cng cuc vn ng phc hng Pht gio n hin thi. Sng lp vo nm 1891, chi b u c t cc ch nh l Nu-c, Lun n v.v. . . S b gio hu khp u M. Ri n ton Tch Lan Pht gio i hi (1918), ton n Pht gio i hi (1928), trc sau thnh lp, u xy dng trn mt mc ch Chn hng Pht gio.

n nh hin nay nhn dn n tng k c l 301.894 vn ngi, tu trung Pht gio chim c s 1157 vn. Nh vy ta thy quang cnh thnh t n dng no! ---o0o---

Chng hai - II. PHT GIO TRUNG QUC

Nc ta lc u nh hng Pht gio tuy c trc tip vi n , song s truyn b khng c ph cp ht dn tc, nn sau Pht gio c thnh l nh kinh in ca Trung Quc dch li vn Phn. Bi th, ta cn bit qua lch s Pht gio Trung Quc. Trong sch Lit T c dn li c Khng T rng : Khu ny nghe phng Ty c bc Thnh, khng tr m khng lon, khng ni m t tin. Li sch Ngy th thch Lo chi c chp : Vua V nh Ty Hn sai tng Hot Kh nh nh nc Hung N, bt c hnh ngi bng vng di hn mt trng, em v dng vua, vua lin em vo th trong cung Cam Tuyn, thng ngy thp hng l bi. Cng trong sch y chp : i Ty Hn c tng Trng Khin phng mnh vua V i s Ty vc v tu rng : Bn nc Thn c (mt nc trong x Ty vc by gi) c o Ph (tc Pht gio). Sch Lit tin truyn ca Lu Hng i Ty Hn Thnh c chp : T i Hong n nay, c o c hn 700 ngi, nhng trong s y tu theo o Tin ch c 146 ngi, cn bao nhiu u theo o Pht. Xem bit dn Trung Quc bit c Pht gio lu lm, trong dn gian ri rc c ngi theo v trong nc c d lun v o Pht vy. Mi n i nh ng Hn, nin hiu Vnh Bnh nm th 10 (TL.67) vua Minh sai cc ng Thi Hm, Vng Tun, c thy 18 ngi, qua nc i Nhc Chi rc Pht v th v c mi c hai v s l Ca Dip Ma ng v Trc Php Lan qua Trung Quc. Vua Hn Minh lin sc dng cha Bch M th Pht v cho hai ngi dch kinh, truyn o Hai ngi dch c kinh T thp nh chng v 16 quyn khc. Trung Quc, Pht gio c triu nh tha nhn, c lm cha v dch kinh l bt u t . Dn dn o Pht cng ngy cng bnh trng khin o Lo gn mt

ht th lc. Bi th, nhng nh truyn o t Ty vc lc tc ko sang Trung Quc, nh ngi An Th Cao, Chi Lu Ca Sm, Chi Diu, Trc Pht Sc l nhng bc ni ting nht. n y, kinh ch Phn dch ra ch Hn n s 300 b. Nh ng Hn mt; Ngy, Thc, Ng ni ln, tc l i Tam Quc, c ngi Khng Tng Hi tTy Vc qua truyn o, thuyt php, vua Ng Tn Quyn chu qui y. Nm th hai nin hiu Gia Bnh vua Ngy Minh (TL. 250), ngi m-ma-ca-la t Trung n qua thi hnh php Thp Nhn Th 12 v T Phn lut. Trung Quc thi hnh gii lut l bt u t lc y. My nm sau (TL. 258), Chu T Hng Lc Dng khai n ging kinh Bt-nh. Trung Quc cng khai ging kinh Pht cho nhn dn nghe cng bt u t lc y. Nhng thi by gi kinh in dch ra cha hon b, ngha cn m qu, nn Chu T Hng quyt ch qua Ty vc hc ch Phn v tm nguyn bn kinh ch Phn dch li. Nm th t nin hiu Vnh Gia nh Ty Tn (TL. 310), ngi Sa-mn x Ty Vc Pht Trng sang thuyt php, nhn dn m theo rt ng, c hng vn ngi, trong y nh Ngi o An, Php Ha, Trc Php Hi v.v...l nhng mn ni ting nht. Pht gio cm ha nhn gian v hng thnh hn t . Ngi o An, Hu Vin sau pht dng mi manh tn ch ca Pht gio ra, n ngi Cu-ma-la-thp mi l thnh t. l thi k Pht gio Trung Quc bin i ln th nht. i ny bt u c Tam lun tn, Thnh tht tn. n i Nam Bc triu (TL. 420-588) Pht gio cng c th, c Tng s Hu Lm c tham d triu chnh. i y c ngi B- t-ma Thin Trc sang truyn php Thuyn Tn, ngi Tam Tng Nhn dch lun i tha Khi tn. Lc Trung Quc mi xng php mn Chn nh duyn khi. y l thi k Pht gio Trung Quc bin i ln th hai. .Li c Nam Nhc i s lp Thin thai tn, ngi m V Sm dch truyn Nit-bn tn. Nhng n nin hiu Thi Bnh Chn Qun th 7 (TL. 446), vua Hu Ngy Thi V li chm git ht cc Tng l v ph hy ht Kinh, Tng, Cha, Thp trong nc. Lch s Pht gio c ch gi rng: Tam V, nht Tn chi ch 13,y l V ch ln th nht. Bn nm sau V thng h, Vn Thnh vng ni ngi, li sc phc hng Pht gio. Dn dn cc i vua sau cng chn hng, nn o Pht c trng quang. C ngi Lc-nama- dch truyn a lun tn. n i vua Tuyn V (TL. 508), Pht gio

li cc thnh, cc Sa-mn Ty Vc tm n c ba ngn, cha chin trong nc dng hn mt vn, Tng l gn hai triu. Song n i V Bc Chu (TL. 574), Pht gio li b ch vn ln th hai : Vua bi b Pht gio, dng cha chin lm ph cho cc vng hu; cn Tng s phi v lm dn hoc tuyn lm qun lnh. Sau V , Tuyn ni ngi, li sc chiu phc hng Pht gio, chuyn dch kinh lun. Tip n i Ty, Pht gio cng ngy cng thnh, vua quan u qui y Pht php, cc Tng trc thut nhiu kinh lun. Nh Ty suy, n nh ng ni ln, vua Cao T cng sng tn Pht gio, nhng c quan Thi S Lnh l Ph Dch by ln dng s bi bc o Pht, vua Cao T li phi cht vn li cc Tng s, nn c hai v Tng l Hu Tha lm Bin chnh lun v Minh Khi lm Quyt i lun. Nhng vua Cao T cng hn ch vic lm cha v truyn o. Thi y Lo gio cng b hn ch. Sau Cao T c L Th Dn l con ni ngi, hiul Dng Thi Tn. i ny nhn dn an c lc nghip, ng giao thng vi ngoi quc m rng, nn khng nhng Pht gio hng thnh m cc gio khc ca ngoi quc cng bt u truyn vo, nh Tin gio, Ma Ni gio, Hi gio v Cnh gio. Chnh ngi Huyn Trang sang Thin Trc cu kinh cng vo lc ny. Nguyn kinh in Pht gio by gi phn th cc i trc dch sai lm, phn th my ln b cc vua cha thiu hy, khi chp li c sai nhiu; ngi Huyn Trang thy th lin quyt sang tn thnh Vng-x Trung n , th gio vi ngi Gii Hin lun s, ri li du lch cc nc trong ci n tm nguyn bn kinh in em v dch. Nin hiu Trinh Qun th 19 (TL 645), ngi mi v nc. ng Thi Tn rt tn knh, ban ngi cha i t n v cha Hong Phc dch kinh, truyn o. Ngi ht sc truyn b, nn Pht gio c lng ly ph cp khp nhn gian. Vi kinh in ca ngi dch ra, ngi sau gi l Tn dch, i vi nhng ln dch trc c phn sai khc. l thi k bin i ln th ba Pht gio Trung Quc. Cc t ca ngi v sau cng trc tc kinh lun rt nhiu quyn c gi tr. Sau vua Cao T, n b V Tc Thin Hong , cng sai s qua nc Vu in (tc l Khotan v Kustana by gi) cu kinh Hoa Nghim thm cc kinh in ch Phn, v mi mt hc gi ch Phn l Tht-xoa-nan- v dch kinh cng ngi B- Lu Chi Tam tng, dch kinh Hoa Nghim c 80 quyn gi l Bt thp Hoa nghim, b V Tc Thin lm bi ta. Li

c ngi Ngha Tnh Tam tng cng qua n du lch cc nc v cu kinh v dch c 60 b, cng 230 quyn, Pht gio tht n hi cc thnh vy. T ht i vua ny n i vua khc, vua no cng ng h Pht gio, Tng s c rt nhiu ngi hoc Ty du, hoc dch Kinh, hoc lm Lun, nn Pht gio cng ngy cng rng. Nhng n i vua V Tn, Pht gio li i ch, tc l V ch th ba : Nin hiu Hi Xng th 5 (TL. 845), nguyn V Tn sng tn Lo gio, nn nghe cc o s h sc hy 44.600 cha Pht, bt 265.000 Tng s hon tc, nhng chung khnh bng ng tch thu c tin. Thi y cc gio khc cng b gii tn. Cch hai nm sau, vua Tuyn Tn ln ngi mi li h sc tu b cha chin, chn hng Pht gio. Nhng i y quc th nh ng n thi suy, nn Pht gio d ht sc chn hng cng km b thnh t. i ng c thm cc tn : Tnh , Php tng, Cu-x, Lut Hoa nghim, Chn ngn. Xt ra, Trung Quc n y v t y v sau, ch c i ng, t ng Cao Tn (TL. 645) n u i ng V Tn (TL. 845) l Pht gio hng thnh lng ly nht. Cn t nay v sau, Pht gio t ch bo th n thi suy i, khng i no c hng thnh hn na; y cng bi thi th ri ren, thay i lun lun. Nh sau i ng n i Ng i (Hu Lng, Hu ng, Hu Tn, Hu Hn, Hu Chu), chin tranh thng ni dy. Khng nhng th, vua Th Tn nh Hu Chu li khng a Pht gio, sc ch ph hy cha chin n 30.336 ci, v em tng ng, chung, khnh c tin ( l nht Tn chi ch vy), nhng kinh in v chng lun ca cc bc Cao Tng tn lc ht, Pht gio tng n tuyt tch! Ht i Ng i, nh Tng ni ln chn hng Pht gio, nhng khng th rc r ngay c na. Tuy vy, nhng cha chin, thp tng b ph hy, dn dn cng c dng li, kinh in c tm ra khc li. V cng c s sang Cao Ly tm kinh in, nn Pht gio cng iu tn. Ln lt cc i vua sau ht sc chn hng, sai s i cu Kinh, cu Php s Ty Vc v, v sc dch kinh in, nn Pht gio li c hi phc, tuy c km trc. Ri dn dn nh Tng cng suy yu, nh Kim (Mn Chu) sang xm ln, Pht gio v vy cng suy. Sau Mng C li dit Kim, Ht Tt Lit dit Nam Tng thng nht thin h, lp ra nc Nguyn; tuy cc i vua cng sng tn

Pht gio, nhng khng c vic g c sc. Nhn li c Lt Ma gio Ty Tng truyn vo, c vua cha triu nh sng thng hn, nn o Pht c hu Trung Quc cng suy km. Nh Nguyn suy, Chu Nguyn Chng ni ln thay thin h, lp ra nh Minh. Minh Thi T lc nh tng lm Sa-di, nn ht sc ng h Pht gio. Ngi li qui nh php tc cho Tng l, t nhng Ty Tng Cng, Tng chnh, Tng hi chng l cc Tng l. Trong phi Tng c chc hiu t . ng thi cng c nhiu Tng s phin dch v trc thut kinh lun, nn Pht gio li c trng hng. n y c th ni l thi k v vang sau cng vy. Nh Minh tn, nh Thanh (Mn Chu) ni ln thng nht thin h. Thanh Thi T, Thanh Cao Tn tuy cng ng h Pht gio, nhng cng ch l bo th thi n i Thnh T, Th Tn th Pht gio cng suy n, vn c cha chin, Tng s, nhng tht t ngi thu hiu o l ca Pht. Cui i nh Thanh, sng vn minh u Ty truyn vo, thuyt bi tr m tn si ni ton quc, Pht gio cng suy, cc cha chin phn nhiu b i ra lm trung hc hoc cc vic cng ch khc. Bi v s tht, Pht gio by gi ch cn h danh, ni n Pht hc l ngi ta ch ngh cng cp m tn thi, nn Pht gio cng b ngi ta lm cho l mt mn t o y s li dng, m tn. Sau cc nh vn s, hc gi mi ni ln, u nghin cu trit l nh Pht. H nghin cu theo khoa hc v ng tn dng trn sch bo nn Pht gio nh li c quc dn tng nim n. n thi Tn Vn ni ln cch mnh, xng thuyt Tam Dn ch ngha ri dit nh Thanh m lp nn Dn quc (1912), dn chng cng nh hng vn minh, th Pht hc li cng tng v i vo ng nghin cu. Nh vy Pht gio bng ny ra nhng tia sng mi l. Nm Dn quc mi thnh lp, ngi Knh Sn cng cc ngi ng ch Samn, c s, sng lp Trung Quc Pht gio Tng hi; cc c s Thng Hi cng lp Pht gio c s lm, Pht gio Tnh nghip x. V sau ny, cc Sa-mn c s dn dn sng lp nhng chuyn mn hc hiu, nh: Ging ng cha Qun Tn Ninh Ba (Chit Giang) do Nhn Php s ch ging; V Xng (H Bc) c Pht hc vin do Thi H Php s l ngi tn hc uyn bc ch ging; Giang T c Hoa Nghim hc vin; Nam kinh c Hi hc vin do u Dng Knh V ch ging. Trong cc on th nghin cu Pht gio, phn nhiu c tp ch lm c quan hong

dng gio ngha, nh Pht hc tng bo, Hi triu m, C s lm san. Tinh nghim nguyt san. Chi Na ni hc, Oai m, Vi diu thanh, Pht gio tn vn v.v... u lc tc xut bn. n nay xy ra nn Trung Nht chin tranh, nn Pht gio cng b nh hng, cc c quan phn b tc n, phn chy lon, nn cng vic hong dng u phi nh n c. Nhng cc bc i c Tng gi, H php c s vn quyt ch duy tr nhng ni b chim c hoc cha b chim c, tng sau ny thi th c yn, th Pht gio chc li c c hi tnh vy 14

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Chng ba - III. A TH NC VIT NAM NGUN GC V TINH THN NGI VIT NAM
Mun kho st lch s ca mt dn tc no, bt c v phng din g, u phi cn c vo a th t nc ca dn tc y lm ch lp nh. V hon cnh sanh hot ca dn tc u nh hng hnh th kh hu v cng vc ca t nc. Nht l v phng din Pht gio ca dn tc Vit Nam, ngi c s li cn bit r iu kin a l. V Pht gio vn ca nc ngoi truyn vo bng cch trc tip hoc gin tip. C theo hnh th cng vc hin thi, th nc Vit Nam ta chim ht by phn mi ci ng Dng (ngi ta thng gi gm c l n Chi Na), v a th gia nc n v Trung Hoa. n Chi Na l mt bn o gia bin Trung Hoa v vnh Bng-gan (Bengale), cu thnh bi my dy ni t Ty Tng chy v min ng Nam n bin, xe ra nh hnh gii qut. gia cc dy ni y l nhng thung lng, u th hp ri dn dn ta ra thnh cao nguyn v bnh nguyn. Nhng sng ln nh sng Nam (Mnam), sng Khung hay sng Cu Long v sng Nh, u pht nguyn t Ty Tng chy theo cc thung lng y, ri bi thnh mt dy trung chu dc b bin t Bc n Nam. l i khi v tr ca nc Vit Nam. Cn ni ging dn tc Vit Nam, theo tc truyn th l ni ging Tin Rng, m cn c vo s nghin cu ca nhng nh S hc gn y, nht l nhng gio s trng Vin ng Bc C th c my thuyt : 1. C ngi cho t tin ta pht tch t Ty Tng, sau theo lu vc sng Nh m di c xung min Trung chu Bc k. 2. ng Aurousseau c dn chng c in rt r rng, ch T tin ta l ngi nc Vit min h lu sng Dng T, sau b nc S (i Xun Thu) nh ui phi chy xung pha Nam min Qung ng, Qung Ty, ri ln ln n Bc k v pha Bc Trung k (i thng c a th nc ta l t Qung ng, Qung Ty n pha Bc Trung k). 3. Theo nhiu nh Nhn chng hc khc th, i ti thng c c ging ngi Anh--n-ding b ging A-ri-ng ui t n trn sang bn o n Chi Na. Ging ngi Anh--n-ding ny lm tiu dit ging th dn y trc l ging M-la-n-ding, ri mt phn i thng sang Nam Dng qun o, cn mt phn li n Chi Na. pha Nam h thnh

ging ngi Chim Thnh v Cao Min theo vn ha n ; pha Bc th hn hp vi ging Mng C m thnh ngi Vit Nam, sau nh hng vn ha Trung Hoa. Trong ba thuyt y, thuyt no cng c l v c chng c (cha bit chng ging ngi Vit Nam l c ba ging ngi y hn hp m thnh cng nn). K my ging ngi trong ci n Chi Na, th ging ngi Vit Nam ta l thun cht nht, thng minh nhng khng li lc phi thng, giu tr ngh thut hn tr khoa hc, giu trc gic hn lun l. Bi th, dn tc Vit Nam d chu nh hng vn ha tinh thn ca ngi nc ngoi. Tnh kh nng ni, khng bn ch, nhng chu ng c s cc kh v hay nhn nhc; thng th hay nht nht v chung ha bnh, song li bit hy sinh v ngha ln, t sng to, nhng bt chc thch ng v dung hp th rt ti. V nhng c y, nn nhng tn gio, o l nc ngoi truyn vo d c dn tc Vit Nam ta hoan nghnh v sc tin tng cng rt mnh. C xt ci tinh thn y v a th nc ta, th tht l mt iu rt li cho dn tc mt ni gp g hai vn ha ca hai dn tc n v Trung Hoa, hai nc u c nn vn minh tinh thn ti c chu. Vy Pht gio truyn vo x ny l mt l ng nhin v dn tc Vit Nam ta n ly v th knh cng l mt iu hnh phc cho tinh thn ni ging. ---o0o---

Chng t - IV. TN PHI TRUYN VO VIT NAM

Nh chng trc ni, sau khi Pht Nit-bn, Pht gio n ln lt chia thnh 20 b phi, n khi truyn qua Trung Hoa, v ch xu hng ca lng ngi v s pht trin ca dn tr v mi thi i c khc, nn cc ngi cng ty theo m lp thnh cc tn. Xt Pht gio Vit Nam ta sau thi i du nhp, rt chu nh hng Pht gio ca Trung Hoa, nn nhng kinh in, tn phi u do Trung Hoa truyn sang. Nhng trong cc tn Pht gio Trung Hoa, Vit Nam ta ch c truyn c mt Thin tn, tuy kinh in vn truyn . Ni vy chng c hi nghim khc qu. Ngha l ti mun ni thm : ngoi ra trong cc thi i cng c ngi tu v Tnh tn, Mt tn ch khng phi khng khng, nhng thit tng ch l hc thy trong kinh in ri lm theo, u c truyn thng r rt.

Ni v khi im ca Thin tn : Bt u Pht trong hi Linh Sn, cm Hoa sen khai th cho trong chng, by gi ch c ngi Ca Dip ng c chn l ca Pht, mm ci, Pht lin bo : Ta c Chnh php, Nhn tng, Nit-bn diu tm, php mn vi diu, tht tng v tng, nay em ph chc cho Ma- ha Ca Dip15 y l ngun gc pht khi ca Thin Tn. Sau ngi Ca Dip truyn cho ngi A-nan, ri ln lt truyn n i T th 28 l B- t-ma tn gi. V i vua Lng V (TL. 528), ngi t-ma t Ty Trc qua Trung Hoa truyn php. y l v T u tin v phi Thin Tn Trung Hoa. Ngi Hu Kh k tha lm T th hai, ngi Tng Xng l T th ba, ngi o Tn l T th t. ng thi vi ngi o Tn c ngi T-ni-a-lu-chi, sau qua truyn php lm T th nht v phi Thin Tn Vit Nam. Ngi T-ni-alu-chi truyn cho ngi Php Hin lp thnh mt phi Thin Tn. n i thuc ng (820) li c ngi V Ngn Thng ngi Trung Hoa qua truyn php, lp thnh phi Thin Tn th hai. Ri ln hi n phi Tho ng, To ng, Lm T v.v . . . truc sau nc ta ch thy c mt tn phi Thin Tn. Gn y, nhn phong tro Pht gio chn hng, v dn tr Vit Nam ngy nay c chiu hng mun tham bc v cc hc thut, nn i vi cc tn Pht gio Trung Hoa, Tng Pht gio Vit Nam ta c ngi lu tm nghin cu, chc rng tng lai tinh thn gio ngha ca Pht gio s c m mang ta nhiu. ---o0o---

LCH S
Chng mt - THI I PHT GIO DU NHP PHT GIO I BC THUC (43 - 544) Pht gio n truyn b i cc nc ln cn do hai ng thy v b. V ng thy th qua min Trung nh Mng C, Ty Tng v Trung Hoa; ri t Trung Hoa qua Cao Ly v Nht Bn. V ng b th qua o Tch Lan v Java truyn vo Indonsie, ng Dng v Trung Hoa. Nc ta vo gia hai con ng y. Vy Pht gio truyn n u v t i no, ta phi kho ly my thuyt sau ny :

1. Nhng sch ca cc nh s Vit Nam vit t th k th 13 v 14 c chp : Chnh i nh Hn (th k th 2 v th 3) c cc o s Bc nh ng Ma-ha-k-vc (Mrijivaka), Khng Tng Hi (Kang-song-hoeuei) v Mu Bc (Meou-p), ngi th do theo ng thy, ngi th ng b m n truyn gio nc Vit Nam ta". 2. Sch Ng Ch ca Trung Hoa chp: S Nhip l mt v Th s c oai quyn Giao Chu, c dn bn x tn knh, khi ra i ngi ta thng nghe c ting king ln ting trng kn, bn r H i theo thp hng hai bn xe c tng on mi ngi Theo ng Sylvain-levi k cu, th H l mt th ting ring ca ngi Trung Hoa v th k th 3 dng ch bn ngi phng Ty. Vy H y c l l ngi Trung hay ngi n . 3. Truyn m Thin Php s c chp: Vua Cao T nh Ty bo Php s rng : Trm ngh o T bi ca c iu Ng, khng bit bo n th no cho phi, Trm lm gi ngi dn ch, mun rng truyn o Tam bo, thu khp di hi X-l, lp c 49 ngn Bo thp trong nc lm tiu biu cho o v lm c hn 150 ngi cha ri. By gi Trm li mun lp Cha dng Thp khp Giao Chu (danh hiu nc Vit Nam t i Bc thuc) cho o c nhun khp th gii. Ci Giao Chu tuy ni thuc nc ta m xa xi qu, vy Php s nn tuyn ly cc thy Sa-mn c hnh, sang m hong ha cho dn y, ht thy chng sinh u bit o B-. Php s lin tu : Ci Giao Chu c ng thng sang Thin Trc gn hn ta. Khi Pht gio cha du nhp vo t Giang ng ta 16 m ci y xy dng c hn 20 ngn Bo thp, c hn 500 Tng s, dch c 15 b kinh ri. V bn y gn nc Pht hn ta. By gi c cc v Ma-ha-k-vc, Khng Tng Hi, Chi Cng Lng v Mu Bc n truyn o . . . Ngi mun b th mt cch bnh ng, phi Ch Tng sang truyn o, nhng h c ri, ta khng cn phi sang na. 4. Sch Php v thc lc chp : Vo hi th k th ba c mt ng tn l Kaudra gc ng n, ging Brahmanes qua Giao Chu mt ln vi ng Ma-ha-k- vc C theo my dn chng trn u thy hp nhau v cng thy my ngi Maha-k-vc, Khng Tng Hi,Chi Cng Lng, Mu Bc l bc truyn o u tin nc ta . 1. Ma-ha-k-vc (Mrajivaka hay l Jivaka) :

Trong sch Cao Tng truyn c chp : "ng Ma-ha- k-vc gc n , i du lch cc nc bt u t n n Founan theo ng Giao Chu v Qung Chu (Bc k v Qung ng by gi); qua ni no ngi cng lm php l. Khi n Tng Dng, mun qua , nhng ngi li thy ngi qun o rch ri khng cho xung, n khi ngang cp bn th mi ngi u ly lm l thy ngi bn ny sng ri. Cui i Hu nh Tn (290- 306) nc Trung Hoa c lon, ngi li tr v n , Ngi tch nm no khng r. Trong sch Pht t lch i thng ti chp: ng Ma-ha-k-vc n Lc Dng vo nin hiu th t i Tn Hu (294 sau Ty lch). Trc khi n Lc Dng, ngi c qua Giao Chu v Qung Chu. 2. Khng Tng Hi (Kang-seng-houei) Trong sch Lng Cao Tng truyn ca Hu Hao chp : Mt ngi nc Khng tn l Tng Hi, gc Khng C (Soadiane), my i t tin ng Thin Trc. Ph thn ngi c qua bun bn Giao Chu. Ngi m ci cha m t thu ln mi. Sau thi k c tang, ngi xut gia, chm lo hc tp kinh in tr nn mt o s kh cao thi y. Ngi tnh tnh chn tht, ha nh v rt thng minh; khng nhng ngi thng hiu Tam tng lc kinh, m ngi cn nghin cu c ton s, thin vn n vn chng v chnh tr. By gi v i Ng Tn Quyn (229 - 252) Pht gio mi truyn vo ng Ng, nhng cha c pht trin mnh, ngi ti lin ht sc tuyn dng Pht php khp min Giang T; ngi thng cm gy tm xch i hnh ha khp pha ng. Nin hiu Xch nm th hai i nh Ng (247), ngi n thnh Kin Nghip (Nam Kinh by gi) lm mt tp lu tu tr v thit trng ging dy. Vua Ng Tn Quyn thy ngi thi nhiu php l ly lm ngc nhin, em lng tn phc v xy thp dng cha ngi gi l cha Kin S, ch ngi th gi l Pht-da-l. T Pht gio mi thnh hnh trong min Giang T . Ngi c dch nhiu kinh ch Phn ra ch Hn. Ngi tch vo khong nin hiu Thin K th t nh Ng (280 sau Thin cha). 3. Chi Cng Lng (Tche-kiang-leang) : Trong mt bi kho v bn dch Thp nh du kinh ca ng Pelliot c dn li ng Ph Trng Phng trong sch Lch i tam bo k rng: i vua V nh Tn (265 - 290) c ng Cng Lng Lu Ch dch kinh Chn H t Qung chu vo khong nin hiu Thi Thy (266).

Li trong mt bn Kinh Tch ch, ng Nanjio c dn n mt ng tn l Chi Cng Lng tip dch kinh t Giao Chu. Theo ng Pelliot k cu th hai ng y ch l mt ngi. Cng Lng Lu Ch ch Phn vit Kalyana ruci, theo s kho cu ca Trn Vn Gip tin sanh trng Bc C Vin ng17 4. Mu Bc (Mou-p) : Theo ng Pelliot kho cu trong sch Mu T l hoc th Mu Bc hay Mu T cng l mt. Ngi ngi qun Thng Ng tc Ng Chu by gi. Sau khi vua Hn Linh mt (189) ngi theo m qua Giao Chu. By gi nc Trung Hoa ri lon, cc s phu trnh qua t Giao Chu rt ng, c nhiu ngi theo o Lo hc php tin. Ngi thng cng o s bin lun, nhiu khi h khng tr li c nhng nghi vn ca ngi; ngi lin pht tm theo Pht gio. Theo ng Pelliot k cu th ngi Mu Bc sanh vo khong nm 165 - 170 Ty lch. Ta thy bn ngi truyn Pht o y, mt ngi l ngi Trung Hoa (Mu Bc) cn l ngi n c. V so nin i th ta thy ngi Mu Bc l ngi truyn Pht gio t Giao Chu sm nht : nm 189 sau Ty lch k nguyn. Vy ta c th kt lun : Pht gio du nhp vo nc ta vo khong cui th k th hai. (Ngoi ra li c thuyt ni Pht gio truyn vo Giao Chu t th k u, ngang vi khi Pht gio du nhp vo Trung Quc (67 Ty lch); 18 hoc gi l do Giao Chu by gi vo gia con ng ca cc nh truyn o, hoc khch bun bn ca n Chi Na qua li vi nhau, c gh, nhng khng nht nh truyn gio, nn khng cn di tch g chng ? V theo ng Sylvain v ng Pelliot k cu th Trung Quc v n giao ho vi nhau t nm 245 trc Thin Cha ging sinh n th k th by u ly t Giao Ch, Giao Chu lm trung gian. Bn du khch qua li phi i ngang qua Bc K by gi v b Nam Hi. Nh vy ta c th on ch l nhng nh o s v nhng ngi bun bn sng o Pht mi em tn ngng n x ny v thi y, ch cha hn l truyn b gio l). bn Trung Hoa t sau khi vua Hn Linh mt, chnh tr trong nc ri ren, nhng cuc ni lon bt u sa son ci lon Tam quc sau ny, th t Giao Chu c yn n di quyn chnh tr ca Thi th S Nhip (187122). Trong sch Mu T k chp: Sau khi Hn Linh mt, trong nc ri lon, ch c t Giao Chu l tm yn, nn nhng s phu u sang trnh lon

 . Nhiu nh o s mang truyn cc ngoi o nh Thn o, Tin o, Trng sanh o. . . m Mu Bc li qui y Pht gio sau khi kho v Lo gio (theo sch Mu T L hoc). Vo khong nm 194 - 295 ng Mu T sang Giao chu t kho Pht o v truyn o. Nhng ngi Trung Hoa khc cng bt chc 19 Xt theo my dn chng trn v tr li dn chng th hai u mc ny, ta c th bit i khi Pht gio ta v cui th k th hai v u th k th ba; hi y t Giao Chu c d lun v o Pht trong m nhn gian bi nhng ngi Trung Hoa v ngi n . Nhng chng qua ch l tng khu vc thi, ch s tht v tt dn nc bit ht. Nhng theo li m Thin (dn chng th ba chng ny) th nc ta cng dng cha, xy thp n 20 ngn, Tng s n 500 ngi v kinh dch lc 15 b. Dch kinh th c ngi Khng Tng Hi dch ch Phn ra ch Hn - thi y ta c theo hc ch Hn ri - vo u th k th ba; by gi Giao Chu ni thuc ng Ng. Nm 225 - 226 cng c mt ngi nc Nhc Chi (Indoscyth) tn l Kalynaruci ti Giao Chu, dch kinh Php Hoa Tam Mui. Tuy nhin Giao chu t y n ht thi Bc thuc ln th 2 (43 - 544) sang n nh Tin L (544-548) ri n u i Bc thuc ln th ba (603939) Pht gio vn cn thi k phi thai, tuy c Tng s, c cha, nhng mi ch l mt iu kin tn gio tn ngng thi. V by gi ta nh hng trc tip vi n hn l vi Trung Hoa; bi vy trong mt thi gian kh di y, ngoi my ngi n thng ch Hn dch kinh, cn khng thy ai dch na v cng chng c mt ai sang Trung Hoa cu kinh ch Hn, nn Pht gio trong thi y c l ch l hnh thc hn l tinh thn. Cng l bi t khi Pht gio du nhp nc ta (khong nm 194 - 195) ta cn ni thuc nc Trung Hoa n nm 544, nhng nh cm quyn ca chnh ph h, khng chnh thc nhn Pht gio cho ngi bn x th lm mt tn gio c bit, nn khng chnh thc ng h. ---o0o---

Chng hai - PHT GIO I HU L NAM (571 - 602) V I BC THUC TH BA (603 - 939) Tin L Nam mt, Triu Quang Phc ni nghip xa l Triu Vit Vng (549-571), ri li b L Pht T nh thua v ln lm vua tc Hu L Nam . n nm Nhm Tut (602), vua nh Ty l Vn sai tng Lu Phng sang nh Nam Vit, d Pht T ra hng. Hu L Nam yu th bn qui phc, nc ta li bt u ni thuc nc Trung Hoa ln th ba, t nm 603 n nm 939. Trong nm 580, nc ta c ngi T Ni a Lu Chi qua truyn Pht gio, ri ln ln truyn thng thnh ra mt phi Thin Tn. Phi T Ni a Lu Chi Sch C Chu Php Vn Pht Bn Hnh ng lc c chp: Vo khong i ng Tn (317 - 419) nin hiu T Kin (569 - 582), c mt Php s tn l T Ni Da Lu Chi ngi n , nhn bit c Pht gio y (Nam Vit) lin qua tr cha Php Vn ging dy Pht php. Pht gio y thnh hnh t Sch i Nam Thuyn Uyn Tp Anh cng c dn li ngi Thng Bin Thin s ni : T Ni a Lu Chi l S t ca Thin Tn nc ta. Ngi tn ch Phn l Vinitaruei, ngi Nam Thin Trc, sang Ty Thin Trc kho o Pht, nhng v c duyn cha gp, nn ngi qua ci ng tin vo Trung Hoa n Trng An nm 574. Lc ny Pht gio Trung Hoa ng b bi xch 20.Ngi mun qua t Nghip (thuc tnh H Nam by gi) may gp ngi Tam t Tng Xng ni T Khng, ngi lin em lng knh m v xin lm t; Tam t truyn tm n cho v khuyn ngi qua Nam phng m tip chng sinh ch khng nn y lm g Ngi lin bi t ra i. n Qung Chu ngi Tr tr cha Ch Ch, dch kinh Tng u bo nghip sai bit ch Phn ra ch Hn. n nm Canh T nin hiu i Tng th hai nh Chu (580), ngi qua Nam Vit tr tr cha Php Vn (lng Vn Gip, huyn Thng Phc, tnh H ng by gi) li dch b kinh Tng tr. Nm Qu Su nin hiu Khai Hong th 14 nh Ty (594) ngi truyn tm n cho ngi Php Hin ri tch.

n i nh L, vua Thi Tn (l028 - l054) c lm bi k truy tn ngi rng : Sng t Nam lai quc Vn qun cu tp thin. ng khai ch Pht tn, Vin hp nht tm nguyn. Ho ho Lng-gi nguyt, Phn phn bt-nh lin. H thi hnh tng kin, Tng d thoi trng huyn. Dch: M li qua Nam Vit, Nghe ng chn hc Thin Ngun tm thng mt mch, Ci Pht rng quanh min. Lng-gi ngi bng nguyt, Bt-nh nc mi sen. Bit c bao gi gp, Cng nhau k o huyn. Ngi l S t phi Thin Tn th nht nc ta, sau ngi truyn php cho Php Hin Thin s, ri truyn thng mi n i Y Sn Thin s (1216) c 19 i, bit c danh hiu v s tch cng 31 ngi 21 .Xt ngc ln v trc th ngi l t c Tam t Tng Xng . Ngi Tng Xng l t ca c Nh t Hu Kh v ngi Hu Kh l t ca c B- t-ma

(Bodhidharma), tc l S t phi Thin tn Trung Hoa vy (Xem phn Pht gio Trung Quc). Php Hin Thin s : Nh t phi Thin Tn nc ta l Php Hin Thin s. Ngi ging h , qu qun Chu Din (tnh Sn Ty by gi), khi mi xut gia, th gii vi Quang Duyn i s cha Php Vn. n khi ngi T Ni a Lu Chi Qung Chu qua nc ta ti cha Php Vn thy ngi Php Hin nhn k vo mt m ni : - Ch h g ? Php Hin p : - Ha thng h g ? Thin s li hi li : - Ch khng c h ? - Sao li khng c ? Nhng Ha thng bit ? Thin s qut ln : - Bit lm g ? Ngi Php Hin cht hiu ngi T Ni a Lu Chi, lin sp xung ly xin theo lm t v sau c truyn tm n. Sau ngi vo trong ni T Sn tu Thin nh, nhng loi cm th thng qun qut chung quanh, ngi i thy th cng ly lm l v knh m; t tm n hc o cng ngy cng ng, ngi mi lp tnh x ging dy. Phi Thin tn nc ta hi y l thnh nht. Ngi Php Hin tch vo nm V c th 9 i ng (626) v truyn o cho ngi Thanh Bin Thin s. Xt ra nc ta Pht gio truyn vo hn bn trm nm nay, m mi n thi k ny mi c ph thng. y cng l nh ngi T Ni a Lu Chi v ngi Php Hin. Nhng u cng l c duyn c bit, nn ngi T Ni a Lu Chi mi vng li ngi Tam t Tng Xng m qua truyn php phng Nam ny.

Pht gio n hi thnh, nn by gi (vo khong nm 603 - 604) Th s Giao Chu l Lu Phng mi a s v tu dng vua Ty rng : Nc Vit Nam ngy nay dn chng rt tn sng Pht gio, li c nhiu v Chn Tng gio ha, nn bn phng thy u qui y.... Nhn , vua Cao T nh Ty mi ban cho cc v Danh Tng nc ta nm hm l vt v sc xy thp cha Php Vn, cha Trng Khnh cng cc danh a khc. l ln u tin Pht gio nc ta c Chnh ph h n. Bn Trung Hoa, nm Mu Dn (618) nh Ty mt, nh ng k nghip, nc ta li thuc nh ng v b chia ra lm 12 chu, gi gm l An-nam h ph. Trong my thi k Bc thuc, nc ta b nh ng cai tr nghit hn c. Nhng v phng din Pht gio li c n; nh nm V c (626), Vua ng Cao T c ban cho An-nam nm hm X-l (?) v sc dng cha, xy thp. Xem th bit Pht gio ta by gi thnh. V li Nh t Thin tn l Php Hin Thin s va mi tch v cho bao nhiu t ri. Li trong thi y Pht gio bn Trung Hoa v ngi Thin Trc thng thng mn ng nc ta m qua li, cc ngi thng gh li t lu thuyt php th ta cng chu nh hng c nhiu vy. Li theo Trn Vn Gip tin sanh kho 22 trong cc sch thy c ni : V i ng c ba on truyn gio An-nam. on th nht c ba ngi Trung Hoa, on th hai cng c ba ngi Trung Hoa v l ngi Trung ; on th ba ng ch hn : c 6 Php s An-nam m bn ngi Giao Chu (H Ni v Nam nh by gi) v hai ngi i Chu (Thanh Ha by gi). I. on th nht : 1. Minh Vin Php s : Ngi huyn Thanh Thnh, ch Chu (T Xuyn by gi), tn hiu ch Phn ca ngi l Chn---b. Thu nh ngi hc kinh Pht, cng ln cng chm ch nn ngi am hiu tt c nhng kinh in, ngi li kho v Trang Chu. Ngi n L Sn (H Bc by gi) tu thin nh. Sau ngi thy o Pht c nh tr, ngi lin xung pha Nam qua t Giao Ch (Bc k) n o Java ri qua o Tch Lan n Nam Thin Trc; sau ngi tch dc ng, khng r ngi th bao nhiu tui.

2. Hu Mnh Thin s : Ngi qun Giang Lng, Kinh Chu (H Bc) rt tinh thng Pht php. Ngi mun qua Chim Thnh, nhng khi i gp ging t, nn phi li Thng kinh (bin gii c Trung k) ri tr v Trung Hoa. 3. V Hnh Thin s : Ngi cng qun Giang Lng, tn hiu ch Phn l Bt-nh -b (Pajn-deva). Sau khi du lch khp Trung Quc, ngi v n tu trong ni, chuyn tr kinh Php Hoa tam mui. Sau ngi li du lch cc min Cu Giang v Tam Vit (Ng Vit, Nam Vit). Ngi c kt giao vi Tr Hong Thin s ri qua t Tht Li Pht Th (cusijaya). Ngi th c 56 tui. II. on th hai : 1. m Nhun Php s : Ngi Lc Dng, tinh thng lut in. Ngi qua sng Dng T ln xung pha Nam, n t Giao Ch c tr li t lu, c cc thin nam tn n sng m rt ng. Ri ngi li xui v pha Nam nh qua Thin Trc, nhng va n t Bn (Java) th th bnh ri tch, th 30 tui. 2. Tr Hong Php s : Ngi L Giang, chu ng s gi Vng Huyn Sch, lc nh thng hiu o Pht, ln ln i du lch khp Trung Quc, sau li mun qua ng n, gp V Hnh Thin s cng n Hp Ph (bn o Qung ng) ri xung thuyn dc theo ng b, khng may gp bo phi u li Thng Kinh, hai ngi bn i ngc ln Giao Chu li mt nm. Sau gp mt chic thuyn ln, hai ngi bn v x Tht Li Pht Th. Ngi Trung n gn 8 nm, sau qua x Cachemira Bc n ri khng r ngi tch u. 3. Tng-gi-bt-ma (Samyhavamla) : Ngi nc Khng C, lc nh i chn qua bi sa mc n kinh . Khong nm Hin Khnh (656 - 660) c sc lnh theo mt s gi qua Ty phng n B- o trng, c d yn gn bn Kim Cang ta (Vajrsana). Sau tr v Trung Quc c ch d qua Giao Ch tm cc bo vt. Lc ny Giao Ch ng b nn mt ma i km, ngi bn hp sc cng quan a phng ngy no cng pht chn cho dn, nhng khng th chu cp ht c; ngi ng lng t bi thng ri l chan cha. Dn bn x by gi gi ngi l v B-tt hay khc. Ngi th c 69 tui. III. on th ba :

1. Vn K Thin s : Ngi Giao Chu, thng i du lch vi ngi m Nhun, thng hiu ch Phn, c tr Tht Li Pht-x. Ngi th chng 30 tui. 2. Mc-xoa -b : Ngi cng ngi Giao Chu, khng r tn tht l g, tng vt Nam hi i khp cc x Khi n B- o trng ngi cng dng X li Pht ri tch, th c 25 tui. 3. Khuy Xung Php s : Ngi cng Giao Chu, t ca ngi Minh Vin, tn ch Phn l Cht-t- la--b (Citra-deva). Cng ngi Minh Vin i ng bin ti o Tch Lan ri qua Ty n gp ngi Huyn Chiu, li qua Trung n. Ngi bm tnh thng minh v bt thip, hiu ht cc kinh im ch Phn. Khi n thnh Vng-x (Kucgrapuca), sau khi tham yt B-th, ngi lm bnh v tch trong vn Trc Lm, th 30 tui. 4. Hu Dim Php s : Ngi cng Giao Chu, t ca ngi V Hnh i qua Tch Lan ri tr lun , ngi tch vo nm no khng r. 5. Tr Hnh Thin s : Ngi i Chu, tn ch Phn l Bt-nh--b (Prajn-deva). Ngi qua Trung n v hnh ha khp ni. Khi n Bc-kinhgi (Ganga), ngi ngh lun cha Tn Gi v tch , th 50 tui. 6. i Thng ng Thin s: Ngi cng i Chu, tn ch Phn l Ma-hagia-na Bt-a-d-ba (Mahyna - Pradipa). Lc nh ngi i theo cha m qua x -ha la-bt- (Dvravati). Sau c i theo s gi l Din T v kinh Trung Quc, th gii vi ngi ng Huyn Trang. Ngi thng hiu nhiu kinh in, quyt ch n B- o trng tham l, nn mun vt b qua Thin Trc. Ngi qua Tch Lan, qua ng n, Nam n ri ngh x am-ma- lp- (Tamralipti) mi hai nm; nhn th m ngi c thng hiu ting Phn. Ngi c thch ngha b Duyn sanh lun (Nidnacastra) v nhiu kinh khc. Ri ngi cng i vi ngi Ngha Tnh n Trung n thm cha Na Lan (Naland) ri n ving Kim Cang ta v tr v T-x-l (Vaicly), sau li qua nc Cu-chi vi ngi V Hnh. Sau ngi tch cha Bt Nit-bn (Parinirvna), th 60 tui. Xem nh vy ta thy Pht gio Vit Nam v i Bc thuc ny c th gi l thnh. Trong x nhiu Php s Trung Hoa v n qua li gio ha, nn ta mi c nhiu ngi ng o v chu kh n tm tn ni Pht a tm o nh vy. Nc ta v thi y lm trung gian cho Trung Hoa v n li c ci li ny : Hi y dn Chm cn mnh li gn ta, h li dng ch Phn lm vn t v thng hiu c ting Da-va (Java), nn ta cng c

nhiu ngi giao thip vi h, cng hiu hai th ch . Bi th, nhng ngi Trung Hoa qua n v ngi n qua Trung Hoa, khi ti Giao chu, thng tm ngi nc ta lm thng ngn hoc cng tc dch kinh ch Phn. Nh vy ta khng nn ngc nhin khi thy nhiu kinh in v bn cu dch hoc tn dch u dch ln u ti An-nam. Tic thay hi y ta ch c nhng nh tm o, ng o dch kinh m li khng c my ai c c pht trin hoc b lun trc tc gp thm sch vo kho kinh in nh Pht x mnh. Tuy nhin, Pht gio nc ta cng ngy cng c chnh ph h bit i v ch . Dn tc Trung Hoa t y bt cho ngi mnh l mt th mi r man di na; cng l nh my v Cao Tng. Xem trong sch Kin vn lc ca Qu ng tin sanh (L Qu n) c trch c my bi th ca my i thi ho i ng, xng ha vi my v Cao Tng nc ta khi cc ngi qua Trung Quc th bit. My bi ny sch Loi hm Anh ng ca Trung Quc cng thy chp. 1. Nht Nam Tng : ch bit ngi ngi qun Nht Nam ch khng r tn hiu l chi. Khi ngi tr tr mt ngi cha trong hang ni Trung Hoa, thi ho Trng Tch tng mt bi th : Sn Trung tng Nht Nam Tng c hng song phong lo, Tng mn b lng nhai. Phin kinh thng tiu dip, Qui np lc ng hoa Thu thch tn khai tnh, Xuyn lm t chng ma. Thi phng Nam hi khch, Man ng vn thy gia ? Dch:

Ni thm mt mnh n, Ca tng i cnh gi. L chui bin kinh c, Bng my rng o di, Lt khi ngi ging, Xoi rng ta ging gai. Khi gp khch Nam Hi Ting Mng bit hi ai ? 2. V Ngi Thng nhn : Ngi tu cha Sn Tnh ht Cu Chu (Thanh ha). By gi l thi vua V Hu nh ng (685) c thi ho Trm Thuyn K qua An-nam chi, c n yt kin Thng nhn, t xng lm t, sau c lm bi th lu gin t lng khen ngi knh phc ngi : Yt Cu Chu Sn Tnh T V Ngi Thng Nhn i s sanh Thin Trc, Phn thn ha Nht Nam Nhn trung xut phin no, Sn h tc Gi-lam. Tiu gin hng vi st, Nguy phong thch tc am. Hu thuyn thanh cc nh, Khuy ging bch vin tham. ng i vn gian bch Hoa th thch h m.

Tuyn hnh u cung ho, Lm qui dc y kham. t ai v thc, Y vng tch v m. Siu nhin h kh tch, Chch th h h lam. Dch : Pht xa sinh Ty Thin, M nay xut hin min Nht Nam Thot vng phin no ci phm, Thnh thi di ni Gi-lam mt to. Ngn khe chp ni ln la, Hng l C st, l thn am. Chim xanh chc, vn trng dm, Sm mai ging k, chiu hm tham thin. My tng my qun chen, Dy leo chn vch, hoa ln mt m. Thin nhin sn th tuyn lm, Rng phi o git sui dm nc hng. Phn hn hc km ng thng, Tic v cha hiu Y vng th no.

H kh mt ba may sao, Du non xung cy cao mt cnh. 3. Phng nh Php s : Ngi sang Trung Quc ging kinh trong cung vua ng, khi v c i thi ho Dng C Nguyn tng mt bi th tin bit : Tng Phng nh Php s qui An-nam C hng Nam Vit ngoi, Vn l bch vn phong. Kinh lun t thin kh, Hng hoa nhp hi phng. L o thanh phm trit, Thn cc ha thnh trng. Tm o Trng An mch, Giao Chu hu d chung. Dch : Qu nh trng ci Vit, My bc tt m xa. Ca tri vng kinh k, Mt b ni hng hoa. Sng gn c im bng, Thnh xy ht my ta. Trng An lng qun qut, Giao Chu chung m t...

4. Duy Gim Php s : Ngi cng sang Trung Quc ging kinh trong cung vua ng, ngi lu nm, gi mi v c hng. Thi ho C o c bi th tin bit : Tng An-nam Duy Gim Php s : Ging kinh xun in l, Hoa nhiu ng sng phi. Nam hi k hi qu, Cu sn lm lo qui. Xc phong hng tn n, L v khnh sanh y. Khng thy k nh b, Vng lai tiu tc hy. Dch : in xun ging kinh lun, Ging ng vng mi hoa. B nam quen li c, Non Vit ving tun gi. n mn khi gi tp, o lm lc ma sa. Ka ka tri ln nc, Tin tc bit bao xa. Xem , ta li bit thm i khi Pht gio nc ta v thi thuc ng Tng gi An-nam m c sang ging kinh trong cung vua cng l mt s

him c, m by gi bn Trung Quc i ng Pht gio ng hi thnh, hn khng thiu g Cao Tng, m Tng-gi ta d vo vic ging kinh, k cng l mt iu chng nhn v vang cho lch s Pht gio Vit Nam vy. y l trong thi k thuc nh ng, nc ta b sng di ci chnh th cay nghit qu, nn trong nc thng c nhng cuc khi ngha hoc nh nc ngoi quy nhiu, nh nm Khai Nguyn th 10 (722) c Mai Hc khi ngha Hoan Chu (Ngh An), nm inh V nin hiu i lch th 2 i ng i Tn (767), qun Cn Ln v qun B ngoi o vo cp ph; nm Tn V (791) c B Ci i vng khi ngha qun ng Lm (Sn Ty) ri li gic Nam Chiu quy nhiu hng mi nm tri, dn tnh rt l ri lon kh s. Trong khong my trm nm tri, dn ta sng iu ng di chnh ph h, ch h khc m Pht gio s c nhng giai on y, tht cng v vang! V ng thi Nho gio v Lo gio cng c m mang nhiu. Li trong i thuc ng y, ngi V Ngn Thng qua truyn o ta m lp thnh phi Thin tn th hai. Phi V Ngn Thng i vua c Tn nh ng (780 - 836) quan T tng l Quyn c D c bi ta trong cun Truyn php lc, c vit mt on : "Sau khi t To kh 23 tch ri, Thin tn thnh hnh, u cng c tn phi truyn thng. Giao Chu th c V Ngn Thng o s em tn ch ca Bch Trng Thin s m khai ng cho dn chng. Ni n V Ngn Thng tc l ni n S t ca phi Thin tn th hai ta. Ngi h Trnh, qu Qung Chu, lc nh m o khng thit g n gia sn, ri xut gia tu hc cha Song Lm t V Chu (Chit Giang by gi). Tnh ngi im m t ni, nhng s l g cng thng hiu, nn ngi ta mi t danh hiu cho ngi l V Ngn Thng. Mt hm ngi ang l Pht th gp mt v Thin s n im ha cho ngi, ri a ngi i tm M T m tham hc. Nhng mi ti Giang Ty nghe tin M T 24 tch ri, hai ngi lin a nhau n bi yt Bch Trng Thin s ( t ca M T) xin hc. By gi c mt v Tng trong lp hc, hi Bch Trng Thin s rng :

Th no l php mn n ng ca phi i tha? Bch Trng Thin s dy rng : Tm a nhc thng, hu nht t chiu (Nu tm a c thng th mt tri tr hu t nhin chiu sng). Nghe c cu y, ngi V Ngn Thng t nhin ng o. Ri ngi v Qung Chu Tr tr cha An Ha. Nm Canh T nin hiu Nguyn Ha th 15 i nh ng (829), ngi qua An-nam tr cha Kin S lng Ph ng (Bc Ninh), trn ngy ngi xy mt vo vch m thin nh. Nh th my nm m khng ai bit; duy c mt v s cha l Cm Thnh Thin s, bit ngi l bc Cao Tng c o trong phi Thin tn th em lng knh trng v th lm thy. Mt hm khng bnh tt g, ngi i tm ra ri tch. By gi l nin hiu Bo Lch i nh ng Truc khi tch ngi gi Cm Thnh Thin s n bo rng : "Ngy xa T s l ngi Nam Nhc, khi sp tch c dn li my li rng : Nht thit ch php, giai tng tm sanh. Tm v s sanh, php v s tr. Nhc t tm a, s tr v ngi. Phi ng thng cn, thn vt khinh ha. (Ngha l : Ht thy cc php, u t tm sanh; tm nu khng sanh php khng ch tr; nu hiu c tm a y, th lm vic g cng khng tr ngi. Ci tm php y, nu khng gp c bc thng cn, th ch nn truyn by). Nay ta cng dn li ngi cu y. Ni xong, ngi chp tay li m tch. Cm Thnh Thin s rc ngi ln ha n, ri thu hi ct ngi m xy Thp th ni Tin Du. Th l t i S T T Ni a Lu Chi sang truyn thng Thin Tn Giao Chu (580) n thi ny (820) cch hn 200 nm, ta li c mt S T truyn phi Thin Tn th hai na.

Ging V Ngn Thng xung c 15 i, bit c danh hiu v s tch cng l 40 ngi. n i c s ng Thun l cui cng (1221) . Cm Thnh Thin s : t ca ngi V Ngn Thng; c ngi truyn tm n v cho php hiu l Cm Thnh. Thin s qu huyn Tin Du (Bc Ninh), khng r h l g, ch bit lc xut gia ly o hiu l Lp c. Nguyn trc ngi c Tr tr mt ngi cha trn ni Tin Du, sau c ngi ho ph h Nguyn lng Ph ng mn phc o c ngi, tnh nguyn em gia trch cng lm ngi cha, rc ngi v , tc l cha Kin S lng Ph ng by gi . Ngi cha c bao lu th V Ngn Thng Thin s vn du qua , thy ngi c t cch truyn o thng th li. Ngi bit Thin s l bc c o, nn rt thnh knh th lm thy, mai hu ti chc, khng h bing tr, nn Thin s V Ngn Thng t o hiu li cho ngi l Cm Thnh. Mt hm Thin s gi ngi n bo rng : Xa c Th Tn v mt nhn duyn ln m xut hin i, khi php duyn vin mn, sp vo ci Nit-bn, ngi em chnh php nhn tng v y bt truyn li cho c Ma-ha Ca-dip l t ca ngi, thnh ra c Cadip l T th nht ca chnh thng Thin Tn. T T Ca-dip truyn n ngi t-ma l i th 28 Ty Thin; ngi t-ma vt b qua ng , tri qua nguy him mi truyn tm php cho ngi Tng Xng 25 ln ln truyn xung n Lc t Hu Nng. T S t t-ma n Lc t Hu Nng, trao truyn chnh php u ly y bt lm minh chng. V lc u phi c th ngi ta mi bit m tin. V sau Pht php truyn b rng, m y bt l mt hin tng d sanh ra tranh oan, nn ngi Lc T khng truyn y bt na m ch truyn tm php m thi. Lnh c tm truyn ca Lc T l Nam Nhc Thin s; Nam Nhc Thin s truyn cho M T Thin s; M T Thin s truyn cho Bch Trng Thin s. By gi Bc phng Pht php thnh hnh lu, nhiu ngi hiu gio php i tha, nn ta mi qua Nam phng tm ngi m truyn chnh php. May gp ngi y cng l bi nhn duyn nh sn. Vy ngi hy nghe ly bi k ny : Ch phng hao hao, Vng t huyn truyn;

V ng thy t, Thn t Ty Thin Truyn Php Nhn tng, Mc v chi thuyn. Nht hoa Ng dip, Chng t min min. Tim ph mt ng, Thin vn hu duyn. Hm v tm tn, Thanh tnh bn nhin. Ty Thin th , Th Ty Thin. C kim nht nguyt, C kim sn xuyn. Xc thnh tr, Pht t thnh oan. Si chi ho ly, Tht ch bch thin. Nh thin quan st, Mc khim nhi tn. Trc nhiu vn ng,

Ng bn v ngn. Dch : Cc ni n thi, Quy ph huyn truyn; Rng Pht T ta, Gc Ty Thin Truyn Php Nhn tng, Gi l o Thin. Mt hoa Nm l; Ht ging lin min. Mt li mu nhim, Duyn phc mun nghn, y l lm tn, Yn lng thn nhin. Ty Phng l y, y l Ty Phng. Mt tri mt trng, Ni sng xa nay, Chm ng l tr, Gp T thnh oan. Sai i mt my,

Li n trm ngn. Ngi kho xem xt, Ch phn nn. Ta khng ni na, ng cn hi han. Cm Thnh Thin s nghe li thy dy trong bi k th hiu thu, cho l mu nhim m ng o ngay. Sau c mt v Tng hi ngi rng: - Th no l Pht ? - Ch no cng l Pht c. - Th no l tm ca Pht ? - Khng h che y ch no. y - ci li truyn th tm php ca phi Thin tn ch gin c c th m bao hm ngha v cng. n nm Canh Thn, nin hiu Hm Thng nguyn nin (860), Cm Thnh Thin s khng bnh m tch, truyn tm php cho Thin Hi Thin s. Trong thi k Cm Thnh Thin s truyn gio, th Pht gio bn Trung Hoa b tam v ch 26 Ta xa tuy khng b ch vn y nhng nc ta vn thuc nc Trung Hoa, nn Pht gio thi y cng b nh hng m nh tr li, khng dm truyn b mnh. Tuy nhin, b trong s truyn b vn ngm ngm. V trong thi y hn phi c nhiu Cao Tng n hoc Trung Hoa trn sang ci t tuy nh m thi bnh ny ni tip vic truyn o. Thin Hi Thin s : Ngi qu huyn Siu Loi (Bc Ninh by gi). Lc nh ngi hc cha nh Thin trong lng, ln ln mi xut gia, th gii, t

hiu l T Phong, ri i vn du khp mi ni tm thy tham hc. Khi n cha Kin s c gp Cm Thnh Thin s bn xin li hc. Ngi th Thin s hn 10 nm m khng chn. Mt hm vo phng hi thy rng : - Trong kinh Pht c ni : c Thch-ca Nh Lai tng tu hnh tri v s kip mi thnh Pht, th m nay thy dy rng : Tm tc l Pht, Pht tc l tm l ngha lm sao ? Tht t khng hiu, xin thy dy r cho. Cm Thnh Thin s ni : - Ngi bo trong kinh Pht ni th l ai ni ? - Vy li y khng phi l Pht thuyt ? - Li y u phi l Pht thuyt. Kinh Vn Th Pht c dy : Ta tr th gian dy chng sinh 49 nm, cha tng t ra mt cu bng vn t ni vi ai bao gi. V theo chnh o, nu ly vn t lm bng chng cu o, y l m; ly s kh hnh cu Pht, y l m; la tm ra m cu Pht, y l ngoi o, m c chp ci tm y l Pht cng li l ma vy. - Nu bo tm y tc l Pht, th trong tm y ci g l Pht, ci g l khng phi Pht ? - Ngy xa c ngi hi M T rng : Nu bo tm y l Pht, th trong tm y ci g l Pht ? M T tr li rng: Th ng ng tm y ci g khng phi l Pht, ng ch vo y cho ti xem. Ngi y khng ni g. M T li tip : t c th khp mi ni ch no cng l Pht, m khng t c th c sai lm i mi mi. Th l ch v mt li ni n che i m thnh ra sai lm thi. Ngi hiu cha ? - Nu vy, t hiu ri. Ngi hiu th no ? - t hiu rng khp ht mi ni ch no cng l tm Pht c. Ni th ri ngi sp xung ly. Cm Thnh Thin s ni : - Th l ngi hiu ti ni ri .

Cm Thnh Thin s mi t tn cho ngi l Thin Hi, ngha l kho hiu. Ngi ng o ri li v Tr tr cha nh Thuyn. Sau ngi tch cha y vo nm Canh Thn, nin hiu Quang Ha nh ng (900), v truyn tm php cho t l Vn Phong ngi huyn T Lim, tc l i th ba ging V Ngn Thng vy. * Lc ny ni tnh nc Trung Hoa tht l ri lon. Nh ng t vua Tn, Hy Tn n Chiu Tn, chnh tr suy i, nn cc triu quan honh hnh qu i. Ri Chu Ton Trung git vua m t lp. Trong khong hn 50 nm triu i thay i lun lun. Cc th ni ln thay nhau lm vua l Hu Lng, Hu ng, Hu Tn, Hu Hn, Hu Chu gi l i Ng i hay Ng Qu. Nc ta v vy chnh tr cng c chiu thay i. Nm 906 c Khc Tha D sang lm Tit s Giao Chu m Qung Chu (Qung ng, Qung Ty by gi) th Lu n c nh Hu Lng phong c cho lm Nam Bnh Vng ra trn kim chc Tit s, c ly li Giao Chu cho nh Lng. Nm sau Tha D cht, giao quyn cho con l Khc Ho. Khc Ho ln lm Tit s Giao Chu, c con l Khc Tha M sang s Qung Chu, ting l kt hiu, nhng ct do thm. Lu n Qung Chu, ng ph tr Phin Nhung, c bn nm th mt, em l Lu Cung ln thay. Nhn c vic bt bnh vi Hu Lng, Lu Cung t xng ly Quc hiu i Vit, sau i l Nam Hn. Nm 917 Khc Tha M ln thay cha, khng chu thn phc nh Nam Hn. Lu n lin sai tng sang nh, bt c Tha M, ri sai L Tin sang lm Th S cng L Khc Chnh cng gi Giao Chu. Nm Tn Mo (931) tng c ca Khc Ho l Dng Din Ngh ni ln, m qun nh ui bn L Tin, ri t xng lm Tit s. c su nm, Dng Din Ngh li b gia tng l Kiu Cng Tin git i m cp quyn. Khi y c tng ca Dng Din Ngh l Ng Quyn, ngi Phong Chu (Sn Ty), ni ln nh Kiu Cng Tin. Kiu thua v cu cu qun Nam Hn. Qun Nam Hn sang cng b thua v t , qun Trung Hoa khng dm sang Giao Chu quy nhiu na. Ng Quyn xng vng, gii c ci ch vn hn nghn nm nc ta b n l v m ng t lp cho nhng nh inh, L, L, Trn, Hu L v sau ny.

V Pht gio nc ta lc y c nhin l phi nh tr, tuy s truyn thng ca hai ging T Ni a Lu Chi v V Ngn Thng vn lu hnh. Trong thi Tin Ng Vng (939 - 944) ta, bn Trung Hoa vo nin hiu Hin c nh Hu Chu (955), Pht gio li b i ch, l Nht tn chi ch27 vy. Pht gio Trung Hoa tng n tuyt ch, nhng khng c nh hng g n Pht gio nc ta. Khi Trung Hoa bc sang nh Tng th nc ta cng dn dn bc sang nh inh. ---o0o--Chng ba - PHT GIO I NH INH (968 - 980) V I TIN L (980 - l09) Ng Vng lm vua c 6 nm th mt vo nm Gip Thn (944), c y thc con l Ng Xng Ngp cho Dng Tam Kha, em ca Dng Hu, Tam Kha cp quyn chu, t xng lm Bnh Vng. Sau em Xng Ngp l Xng Vn cp ngi li v cng lm vua, tc Hu Ng Vng. c 4 nm Xng Ngp mt, Xng Vn lm vua c 15 nm cng b cht trn v vua thng phi thn chinh i dp lon. By gi l nm t Su (965). Trong thi Hu Ng Vng, nc ta c ci lon Thp nh x qun, dn tnh rt l kh s. Sau c Vn Thng Vng inh B Lnh ni ln phc c tt c cc s qun v ln ngi Hong , tc l Tin Hong nh inh, ly nin hiu l Thi Bnh nguyn nin (970). Vua sai s sang thng hiu vi Tng triu bn Trung Hoa v sa sang vic nc, tr dit ht nhng s tham nhng, nh li vic triu chnh. Nc ta t lu c Nho gio, Lo gio Trung Hoa truyn sang, nhng tht ra hai gio y cha c ph cp ht dn chng bng Pht gio, nn thi y c th gi l thi i Pht gio c tn. Vn ha trong lc hnh nh hu ht trong cc Tng s c. Nn khi Tin Hong nh giai cp vn v, th ngi triu tt c Tng s li lc vo hng Thi miu v dnh phm trt cho cc Tng-gi. Ngi tng chc

Khung Vit Thi s cho Php s Ng Chn Lu, Php s Trng Ma Ni lm Tng lc o s v Php s ng Huyn Quang lm Sng Chn uy nghi. Pht gio nc ta c triu nh cng nhn t v Tng s c nh giai phm khi y cng l ln u tin. Pht gio s li thm c giai on v vang. V c xem mt v Tng Thng c phong n chc Thi s th on c tnh hnh Pht gio v i nh inh li bt u thnh hn trc vy. Nh inh mt, nh Tin L (L i Hnh) ln thay chng vi qun nh Tng (980). Triu ny cc Tng s cng c bit i. i Hnh thng triu cc v Tng Thng vo triu hi vic nc v Pht gio. Nin hiu ng Thin th 14 (l008), sau khi nc ta ha vi Tng ri, vua i Hnh sc ng Minh Xng v ng Hong Thnh Nh sang s nc Trung Hoa, cng hin th sn v xin vua Tng ban cho b Cu kinh v i Tng kinh. Vua Tng trao cho nhng b y v cho s gi a v. l ln u tin nc ta cho ngi sang cu kinh bn Trung Hoa vy. Khung Vit Thi S : Ngi h Ng, php hiu l Chn Lu, qu lng Ct L (?), Tr tr cha Pht . Thu nh ngi theo Nho hc; ln ln th gii vi Vn Phong Thin s cha Khai Quc. T ngi c khp kinh in nh Pht, hiu c mi l ct yu ca Thin Tn, ting tm lng ly trong nc. Nm ngi 40 tui, vua inh Tin Hong mi vo hi o, ngi ng i tinh tng. Vua rt ly lm mn phc, bn phong lm chc Tng Thng. Nm sau, nin hiu Thi Bnh th 2 (971), vua li phong l Khung Vit Thi s (Khung Vit ngha l gip sa sang nc Vit). n i vua L i Hnh, ngi li cng c knh trng lm. Bao nhiu vic qun vic nc vua thng triu ngi n hi. Nm Thin Phc th 7 nh Tin L (986), nh Tng sai s Trung Hoa l L Gic sang nc ta, vua i Hnh lin sc Khung Vit Thi s ra n tip v ng i. Khi L Gic v Trung Hoa c li mt bi th rng : Hnh ng minh thi tn thnh du, Nht thu lng s Giao Chu ng ti bit tm vu luyn,

Nam Vit thin trng vng v hu, M p yn vn xuyn lng thch, Xa t thanh chng phim trng lu Thin ngoi hu thin ng vin chiu, Kh m ba tnh kin thim thu. Dch : May gp minh qun gip vic lm, Mt mnh hai lt s min Nam. My phen qua li lng thm nh, Mun dm non sng mt cha nhm. Nga p my bay qua sui , xe vng ni chy ti ging lam, Ngoi tri li c tri soi rng, Vng nguyt trong in ngn sng m. Vua i Hnh a bi th y cho ngi, hi xem c g khng ? Ngi tu : - Cu th by s Trung Hoa c tn B h cng nh Vua ca h vy. Vua i Hnh bn nh ngi lm mt bi tin L Gic. Ngi vng mnh lm mt bi t theo iu Tng vng lang qui : Tng quang phong ho cm phm trng, Thn tin phc hng. Thin l vn l thip thng lng, (c : lng) Cu thin qui l trng

Nhn tnh thm thit i ly trng. Phan luyn s tinh lang. Nguyn tng thm v nam cng, Phn minh tu ng hong. Dch : Gi ha php phi chic bum hoa, Thn tin tr li nh. ng mun nghn dm tri phong ba, Ca tri nhm ng xa. Mt chn quan h d thit tha, Thng nh bit bao l. Ni nim xin nh ci Nam H, By t vi vua ta. Ngi triu c t lu th ly c gi yu xin co v, dng mt ngi cha ni Du h. ngi m trng ging hc, hc tr n hc rt ng; c a Bo Thin s l t thn tn ca ngi, sau c truyn tm php. Ngy 15 thng 2, nin hiu Thun Thin th hai i nh L, ngi gi a Bo Thin s n c bi k rng : Mc trung nguyn hu ha, Nguyn ha phc hon sanh. Nhc v mc v ha, Ton toi h do manh ? Dch :

Trong cy vn c la, Tia la mi sng la, Nu bo cy khng la, C xt sao li ra ? a Bo Thin s hiu thm ca S ph, lin sp xung ly. Khung Vit Thi s chp tay li m tch. Ngi th 81 tui 28 Ngi tc l i php truyn thng th t ca phi V Ngn Thng Thin s vy: Php Thun Thin s : Ngi ging h , khng r qu qun u, ngi xut gia thu nh, th gio vi Long Th Ph Tr Thin s. Khi nh Tin L mi thnh nghip, ngi thng c mi vo triu lun bn vic chnh tr v ngoi giao. Vua i Hnh thng gi l Php S ch khng dm gi chnh tn. Nm Thin Phc th 7 (986), nh Tng sai s l L Gic sang nc ta, vua sc ngi ci trang lm phu cho cho s gi. Tnh c lc y c hai con ngng i mt nc, L Gic lin ngm rng : Nga nga lng nga nga, Ngng din hng thin nha. Dch : Song song ngng mt i, Nga mt ng ven tri. Php s ang cm cho lin c tip : Bch mao ph lc thy, Hng tro bi thanh ba. Dch : Lng trng phi ging bic, Sng xanh chn hng bi.

L Gic thn phc lm. Vua i Hnh thng hi ngi v ngi nc di ngn th no ? Ngi lin c bi k rng: Quc t nh ng lc, Nam thin l thi bnh, V vi c in cc, X x tc ao binh. Dch : Ngi nc nh dy qun, Tri Nam m thi bnh, Trn in khng sanh s, u dt ao binh. Nin hiu Hng Thng nh Tin L nm th hai (990), ngi khng bnh m tch, th 76 tui. Ngi c lm quyn B-tt hiu sm hi vn, cn truyn li. Ngi l i php truyn thng th mi ca phi T Ni a Lu Chi vy. c hai ngi trn y, ta r v thi y, trong nc ch c nhng v Tng Thng mi l bc bc hc. Ngy xa mi khi tip s Trung Hoa, vua ta thng phi chn nhng ngi li lc uyn bc ra tip, m khi v Thin s cng c c vo vic y, bit vn ha trong nc hu ht do cc Tng s c. Nhng Php s y li m trng gio ha Tng chng, nn ta c th on thi y Pht gio ta dn chng hiu bit lm vy. V thi y c th gi l thi i lut gio thnh nht. Vua tin theo, triu nh ng h, li c s i cu kinh, tt nhn dn ai ai cng phi bit. Nhng n cui i Tin L, Pht gio c l mt th lc v ng vua bc nhc v khi hi : L Long nh (Nga Triu : 1005 l009).

Long nh l ngi bo ngc, tnh hay chm git, c bng Kit, Tr ngy xa. Khi git anh (L Trung Tn con L i Hnh) ri ln lm vua v thng c ly s git ngi lm tr chi : C khi nhng t phm phi ti hnh th bt ly rm tm du qun vo ngi ri a t sng; c khi bt t tro ln cy ri sai ngi cht gc cho cy ; c khi b ngi vo st ri em th xung sng; hoc bt cc nh s ri ly ma ln u m rc v, thnh thong gi v ly tay b dao xung u, trng thy mu chy ra th ly lm vui ci. Cn khi ra bui chu, c ai tu s iu g th cho nhng ngi h ni khi hi hay l nhi ting lm tr.29 Vi mt ng vua i bi nh th, d c nhng ngi Tng Thng d vo triu chnh cng v tt dm em nhng chuyn Pht gio cho vua c dp lm tr. Cng may, Nga Triu lm vua c c 4 nm th mt, L Cng Un l ngi ca Pht gio ln lm vua, gy nghip nh L v gy cho Pht gio mt thi i cc thnh. ---o0o--Chng t - PHT GIO I NH L (l010 - 1225) 1. L Thi T (l010 - l088) Ngi tn hy l Cng Un, con nui mt v s cha C Php l L Khnh Vn, sau th gio vi ngi Vn Hnh. Ln ln ngi theo ngi Vn Hnh vo Hoa L lm quan vi nh L n chc T Thn V in Tin ch huy s. Khi L Nga Triu mt th ngi 35 tui. By gi lng ngi on gin nh Tin - L lm, nn trong triu c bn ng o Cam Nuc, cng vi Tng Thng Vn Hnh mu tn ngi ln lm vua. Ngi ln ngi Hong tc l vua Thi T , nh L, ng thnh Thng Long (H Ni), ly nin hiu Thun Thin. Thi T vn trong phi Pht hc m ra nn khi ngi vua, ngi ht sc sng trng Pht gio. Ngay khi mi ln ngi sc ban phm phc cho cc hng Tng s. Nm Thun Thin nguyn nin (l010), Thi T sc lm nhiu cha ph Thin c, ly tin kho hai vn quan dng 8 ngi: trong thnh Thng

Long dng cha Hng Thin Ng, gn in Thi Thanh dng cha Vn Tu, ngoi thnh li dng nhng cha Thng Nghim, Thin Vng, Cm Y, Long Hng, Thnh Th, Thin Quang v Thin c. Triu nh li sc i khp cc lng h cha no nt th phi tu b li. Sang nm th 9 (l019) Thi T sai s l Phm Ho v Nguyn o Thanh sang Trung Hoa thnh kinh. Khi c vua Tng ban cho, ngi li sc mt v Thin s l Phi Tr i sang tn Qung Ty n v v vo kho sch i Hng. l ln th hai nc ta c s i cu kinh. Nm sau (l020), ngi sc lp o ng v phi Tng s i din ging Pht o khp trong nc. Li sc c my qu chung treo cc cha Hng Thin, i Gio, Thng Nghim. Nm Thun Thin th 15 (l024) thng chn, ngi lp cha Chn Gio trong thnh v sc cc Tng s, Php s n tng kinh v ging o ngi thng n nghe. V i L Thi T, trong nc cng thnh, cc nc ngoi nh Chim Thnh, Chn Lp u chu triu cng, bn Trung Hoa nh Tng cng giao hiu khng sanh s, dn tnh c an lc, vua v triu nh li ht tm ng h, nn Pht gio nc ta hi y c th gi l hi thnh nht t trc n sau. By gi Hn hc tuy ph thng khp dn chng, nhng Nho gio hnh nh ch l phn ph t ai n, v cha c khoa c, nn Pht gio vn ng a v c tn. Bi th, vn ha v hc thut trong nc vn l trong phi Pht hc c. Nhng v Thin s c danh ting thi by gi nh Vn Hnh Thin s, a Bo Thin s, Sng Phm Thin s u hai phi T Ni v V Ngn m ra c Vn Hnh Thin s : Ngi lng C Php (nay l lng nh Bn, ph T Sn, Bc Ninh) h Nguyn, khng r tn tc l g. Nh ngi i i th Pht, t thu nh ngi thng minh khc chng, hc khp tam gio v kho cu nhiu kinh lun nh Pht. Nm 20 tui, ngi xut gia cng vi nh Hu Thin s, theo hc vi ngi Thin ng o-gia, tc l i php th hai ca phi T Ni a Lu Chi. Sau Thin ng tch ri, ngi chuyn tp php Tng tr Tam-ma-a, mi khi ni cu g l thng, ngi i u cho ng l cu sm. Thi vua L i Hnh cn ti th, thng mi ngi n hi v vic qun.

Nin hiu Thin Phc nm th nht (980), nc Trung Hoa sai Hu Nhn Bu em qun qua nh nc ta, khi ng ni Cng Gip Lng (?), vua i Hnh mi Thin s n hi qun ta thng bi th no ? Ngi tu: Ch trong ba, by ngy th gic tt lui. Sau qu nhin nh vy. Ngi rt gii v sm ng v n s, vua i Hnh rt em lng tn knh thn phc. Nm Thun Thin th 9 (l018), ngi khng au m g m tch. Vua L Thi T v cc t rc ngi ln ha n ri thu hi ct xy thp th. Ngi c bi k trc khi tch rng : Thn nh in nh hu hon v, Vn mc xun vinh thu hu kh, Nhm vn thnh suy v b y, Thnh suy nh l tho u ph. Dch : Thn nh bng chp chiu t, C xun ti tt, thu qua rng ri. S chi suy thnh vic i, Thnh suy nh ht sng ri u cnh. Sau vua L Nhn Tn (l072 - 1 127) cng c bi truy tn ngi rng: Vn Hnh dung tam t, Nhn ph c sm c (ky). Hng quan danh C Php Tr tch trn vng k . Dch : Thin s hc rng bao la,

Gi mnh hp php sm ra ngoi li. Qu hng C Php danh ngi, Thp bia ng vng mun i . a Bo Thin s : Khng r ngi qu qun u, Tr tr cha Kin S lng Ph ng. Ngi l t ca Khung Vit Thi s (phi V Ngn Thng). L Thi T nghe danh thng mi ngi vo triu hi o v bn lun vic nc v vic ngoi giao Thi T c sc trng tu cha Kin S cho ngi sau khng r ngi tch u v bao gi, v ngi thng thng vn du i khp x thuyt php truyn o. t c truyn tm php ca ngi l nh Hng Trng lo. ---o0o--2. L Thi Tn (l028 - l054) Thi t Pht M ni ngi Thi T, tc l L Thi Tn, ly nin hiu Thin Thnh. Ngi cng l ngi sng o Pht, thng thng hp cc b lo, Tng s cc cha bn lun v o Pht. Nm Thin Thnh th t (l031) thng tm, sau khi dp gic Chim Hoan Chu (Ngh An by gi) v, Thi Tn sc lp 95 ngi cha. Khi cha l in xong, triu nh m quc hi khnh thnh v min thu cho nhn dn mt nm. Nm 1034, Thi Tn i nin hiu l Thng Thy. Thng 8 nm y nh Tng ban i Tng kinh v sai s rc sang cho ta, Thi Tn sai triu quan i n rt long trng. Trong nm y c 2 v Thin s l Nghim Bo Tnh v Phm Minh Tm ng o t thiu mnh, Thi Tn cho rc tro y vo th cha Trng Thnh. n nm Thng Thy th ba (l036), Thi Tn sc sn thp li cc tng Pht cc cha. Khi hon thnh triu nh m quc hi khnh thnh v min thu cho dn mt nm.

Li vo khong nin hiu Thng Thy (l034-1038), vua thng n hi o ni ngi Thuyn Lo Thin s v xng lm t. Sau vua c ngi truyn tm php, tc l ngi th by trong i, truyn thng th by ca phi V Ngn Thng vy30 Triu i L, ngi tht l mt ng vua sng o bc nht. Ngoi nhng lc lo vic chnh tr, ngi li lo hc php Thin nh ca phi Thin Tn. Ngi tu ti gia, th gio vi ngi Thuyn Lo; ngi li thng m o vi cc Thin s ni ting by gi nh Cu Ch Thin s, Bo Tnh Thin s, Minh Tm Thin s, v.v... Cc Thin s ny cng l nhng bc i c ca phi V Ngn, mi ngi u c t rt ng. Qua nin hiu Sng Hng i Bo nm u (1049), Thi Tn sc dng cha Din Hu. Nguyn nm trc ngi nm m thy c Pht Quan m dn ngi vo Lin Hoa in. Tnh dy, ngi ban hi nh thn th mt v Tng Thng xin lp cha. Vua nghe li, sc dng mt cc , trn xy in Lin Hoa (hnh hoa sen ni trn mt nc) th Pht Quan m v hi cc Tng s li tng kinh cu trng th (cha y hin cn gn H Ni, ngi ta thng gi l Cha Mt Ct). Nhng Thin s c danh hi y nh Hu Sinh Thin s, nh Hng Trng lo Thin s (phi T Ni), Cu Ch Thin s v.v . . . Hu Sinh Thin s : H Lm, tn tc l Khu, qu ng Ph Lit nguyn l con chu Lm Ph Tr Sn (huyn Thanh Tr, H ng by gi). Thu nh tng mo khi ng, ni nng rt lu lot, ni ting vn hay ch tt. Nhng khi hc Nho cn tha th gi ngi li nghin cu kinh Pht. Mi khi ni n ch ct yu ca Pht php, ngi thng than th v ri nc mt. Gn 70 tui, ngi theo nh Hu Thin s, t o hc cng ngy cng tin. Khi c s ph truyn tm php cho, ngi mi i hnh ha khp chn tng lm, ri ln ni B-. Mi ln ngi ngi nhp nh tu php t nht cng phi nm by ngy. Ngi i by gi thng gi ngi l ng Pht xc tht. Vua L Thi Tn nghe ting ngi c sai s n mi. Ngi bo s gi rng: ng khng thy con sanh trong l t ? Khi cha t th ngi ta cho n n c thm, mc o gm, n khi git vo Thi miu th n ch mun cu cht sng st, cn ni n vic g ? Ni ri ngi t chi khng chu i. Sau v nh vua c p, bt c d ngi phi ti ca khuyt.

Sau khi m o v Pht php, vua rt ly lm knh phc, mi phong cho ngi lm chc Ni Cung Phng Tng v sc truyn cha Vn Tu gn thnh Thng Long. Mt hm trong i hi c thit tic chay i cc Tng s, vua ban : i vi tm nguyn ca Pht, cc hc gi thng ci ln nhau, Trm mun cc bc thng c y, by t ch s c, Trm xem hc vn ca cc ngi n bc no. Ngi lin ng khu c bi k rng : Php bn nh v php, Phi hu duyt phi khng. Nhc nhn tri th php, Chng sinh d Pht ng. Tch tch Lng gi nguyt, Khng khng hi chu. Tri khng khng gic hu, Tam-mui nhm thng chu. Dch : Php vn nh khng php, Chng c cng chng khng. Nu hiu c php y, Chng sinh, Pht vn ng. Trng Lng-gi phng lng, Thuyn Bt-nh chn khng.

Bit khng ri bit c, Tam-mui mc dung thng. Vua rt ly lm mn phc. Thi y cc Vng cng trong triu v cc s th nhiu ngi n hi o l v u knh ngi l bc thy. Sang i Thnh Tn, ngi li c phong lm T Nhai Tng Thng. n nm Gia Khnh th 5 (l063) ngi mt. Ngi c son ra my cun Php s trai nghi, o trng khnh tn vn, nhng u tht truyn. nh Hng Trng Lo : H L qu Chu Minh, t ca ngi a Bo Thin s (phi V Ngn), th gii vi s ph hn 24 nm. Mn ca a Bo Thin s c hn vi trm ngi, ngi cng Bo Ha Thin s ng vo bc nht. Mt hm ngi hi a Bo Thin s rng : - Th no l tm thy chn tm ca mnh ? - Th ngi c tm i. Ngi nghe thy ni th, trong lng bng khung, mt hi lu ni : - Ht thy mi ngi cng u th c, phi g mt t ny. - Th ngi hiu cha ? - Khi t hiu ri th li cng nh khi cha hiu. - Ngi nn gi gn ly ci tm y. Nghe thy dy th, ngi lin chp tay v xy mnh li a Bo lin qut to ln rng : - i i ! Ngi vi sp xung ly. a Bo Thin s dy : - T nay ngi tip ngi nn coi mnh nh ngi mt m tai ic vy.

Thi y Kinh c quan Thnh Hong s l Nguyn Tun, rt knh mn o c ca ngi mi ngi v tr cha Cm ng, hc tr n hc rt ng, ngi gio ha c nhiu ngi c o. Nin hiu Sng Hng Di Bo th ba (l051) ngi tch. Thuyn Lo Thin s : Tr tr cha Trng Minh huyn Tin Du, t ca a Bo Thin s. Khi hc c o ri mi v ngi cha vng T Sn, danh ting ly lng, hc tr k hn nghn ngi. Ch ca Thin s thnh ra mt ni tng lm hi. Trong khong nin hiu Thng Thy (l034 - l038), vua L Thi Tn nhn mt hm n thm v hi rng : - Ha thng tr cha ny bao lu ? Thin s lin c hai cu th rng : n tri kim nht nguyt, Thy thc cu xun thu. Dch : Sng ngy nay bit ngy nay, Cn xun thu trc ai hay lm g. - Ngy thng Ha thng lm vic g ? Ngi li c : Ty trc hunh hoa phi ngoi cnh, Bch vn minh nguyt l ton chn. Dch : Trc bic hoa vng u cnh khc Trng trong my bc hin ton chn.

Sau khi v cung, vua nh cho s n rc ngi lo triu c vn. on s gi n ni th ngi tch ri. ---o0o--3. L Thnh Tn (l054 - l072) Thi t Nht Tn ni ngi Thi Tn hiu l Thnh Tn, i quc hiu l i Vit 31 nin hiu l Long Thy Thi Bnh (l054). Ngi l mt ng vua sng o Pht v nhn t nht. Nhng ma lnh trong cung, ngi thng ngh thng n t phm v nhng k ngho. Mt nm, tri rt lm, Thnh Tn bo nhng quan hu cn rng : "Trm trong cung n mc nh th ny m cn rt, ngh nhng t phm phi giam trong ngc, phi tri buc, cm khng c m n, o khng c m mc, v li c ngi xt hi cha xong, gian ngay cha r, l rt qu m cht th tht l thng lm ". Ni ri ngi truyn ly chn chiu cho t nm v mi ngy cho n hai ba y . Li mt hm, Thnh Tn ra ng in Thin Khnh xt n, c ng Thin Cng cha ng hu bn cnh, ngi ch Cng cha m bo cc quan rng : Lng Trm yu dn nh yu con Trm vy; Trm v trm h ngu di lm cn phi ti, Trm ly lm thng lm; vy t ry v sau, ti g cng gim nh bt i 32 Ngi c lng t bi bc i nh vy; cng l do ngi sng m Pht gio v trong triu li c nhiu v Thin s hu cn lm ng s cho ngi. Nm Long Thy Thi Bnh th 5 (l056), Thnh Tn sc dng Sng Khnh phng Bo Thin, c xy mt ngn thp 12 tng, cao 20 thng v c mt qu chung ht 12 ngn cn ng (phng y x Tin Th, huyn Th Xng, tc H Ni by gi hin cn di tch). * PHI THO NG Nm K Du (l069), vua L Thnh Tn i nh Chim Thnh v, c bt c vua nc y l Ch C v nhiu dn lnh lm t binh. Cc t binh y

vua Thnh Tn ban cho cc quan triu lm qun hu Trong s cc quan triu y c mt v Tng Lc. Mt hm v Tng Lc y i vng v, bng thy bn Ng lc ca mnh b mt t binh sa cha li c. Ngi tht kinh em vic y tu vua, vua lin cho i tn t binh y hi, th y ng i rt thng, lun v nhng kinh in nh Pht rt l xc ng. Hi ra th mt v Thin s ngi Trung Hoa theo thy qua Chim Thnh, chng may b bt lm t binh. V Thin s y chnh t hiu l Tho ng, t ca ngi Tuyt u Minh Gio bn Trung Hoa. (Theo sch Tc Truyn ng Lc th Tuyt u l o hiu ca mt v Thin s tu ni Tuyt u thuc ht Minh Chu nc Trung Hoa, chnh hiu l Trng Hin, t l n Chi; v tu ni Tuyt u nn ngi ta ku l Tuyt u Thin s). Khi bit r tung tch ca Tho ng Thin s, vua Thnh Tn lin sc phong ngi chc Quc s, cho khai ging cha Khai Quc trong thnh Thng Long. t n theo hc rt ng. Ngi bit lp ra mt phi, sau ngi ta gi l phi Tho ng, tc l phi Thin tn th 3 ta vy. L Thnh Tn cng th gio vi ngi. Sau Thnh Tn c o c ngi truyn tm php v l t u tin ca phi Tho ng. Sau phi Tho ng truyn xung c 5 i, c o cng c 19 ngi33 Th l trong i vua L Thnh Tn, Pht gio nc ta li thm mt phi. Nm Thin Hun Bo Tng th 2 (l069), Thnh Tn c sc dng Vn miu, c tng Chu Cng, Khng T cng tng T Phi v V tng 72 v Tin hin th, nhng s chung Nho gio y cng khng c nh hng g n s truyn b v th lc ca Pht gio. S tht l tuy Thnh Tn c bt Hong t Vn miu m hc v c khai ha vic vn m ngi vn c o thnh mt o s ca phi Thin tn. ---o0o--4. L Nhn Tn (1072 - 1127) Thi t Cng c con b Lan Thi Phi, ni ngi Thnh Tn ly hiu l L Nhn Tn. Nhn Tn ln ngi vua th hy cn nh tui, nhng c Thi s L o Thnh v cc quan triu ht lng lo vic nc, nn sau ngi cng

thnh mt v vua thng minh v anh dng. Trong i ny vua Nhn Tn c m khoa thi tam trng, lp trng Quc t gim v lp ta Hn Lm, khuyn khch vic Nho hc, nhng ngi vn khng xao nhng v vn Pht gio. Nm Qung Hu th ba (l087), Nhn Tn ng gi i l Pht nghe kinh cha Lm Sn ( huyn Qu Dng, Bc Ninh by gi) ri thit triu yn cha, v ngi c ng bt bi th nhan l Lm sn d yn. Ngi c t mt v quan triu cao cp trng nom ht thy cc cha trong nc. Nm Qung Hu th t (l088), Nhn Tn phong Kh u Thin s l chc i s c vn vic quc chnh nh Khung Vit Thi s i inh Tin Hong v L i Hnh Hong vy. Nm Long Ph th nm (ll05), vua sc sa cha Din Hu, trc mt cha xy mt ngn thp cao v o mt ci h th sen. Thng nhng ngy rm, mng mt vua ng gi n cha, Hong hu cng xut ca ring ra lp hn mt trm ngi cha. Nm Hi Tng i Khnh th 9 (I 1 18), nc Chn Lp v nc Chim Thnh sai s n cng hin phng vt. Vua m mt k hi l Pht rt ln, gi l Thin Pht hi (Hi nghn c Pht). i L Nhn Tn li c nhiu bc Thin s li lc trc thut nhng sch v lm v vang cho lch s Pht gio nc nh; hin nay vn cn m hi y ngi Trung Hoa cng phi bi phc, nh : Vin Chiu Thin s : Ngi h Mai, hy l Trc, qu huyn Long m, con anh b Linh Cm Thi Hu (v vua Thi Tn). Ngi thng minh t thu nh. C v Trng lo cha Mt Nghim c ti xem tng, on cho ngi : Nu i tu th c th tr nn mt v Thin Btt. Cm li ni y, ngi lin t gi cha m, vo cha Tiu Sn xin lm t ngi nh Hng Thin s, nghin cu Thin hc. Ngi rt am hiu php Tam Qun trong kinh Vin Gic, tu n c o v c s ph truyn tm n. Sau ngi v Thng Long, dng mt ngi cha m t kinh thnh m Tr tr . Ngi bn phng nghe ting tm n theo hc rt ng.

Ngi c son quyn Dc s thp nh nguyn vn, trong y bn gii v 12 iu i nguyn trong kinh Dc S. Vua L Nhn Tn c a bn sch y cho, s thn sang Trung Hoa dng vua Trit Tn nh Tng. Vua Tng giao sch y cho cc v s Thng ta cha Tng Quc xem v c ch no ng sa th sa li. Cc i s Trung Hoa xem ri u tu vua Tng rng: y l ng ha thn i s ra i phng Nam, ging gii kinh ngha rt tinh vi, bn phm Tng chng ti u dm thm bt mt ch no na. Vua Tng lin sc cho sao li mt bn, cn bn chnh th tr li cho vua ta v c li khen tng. Ngoi ra ngi cn son nhng sch : 1. Tn Vin Gic kinh 2. Thp Nh B-tt hnh tu chng o trng. 3. Tham biu quyt. l nhng sch gi tr u tin trong nhng sch lun gii v kinh in nh Pht ca nc ta. Ngi tch vo nm Qung Hu th 6 (l090), th 92 tui Ng n Thin s : Ngi h m, hy l Kh Qui, lng Kim Bi (thuc huyn Thanh Oai, tnh H ng), Tr tr cha Long n. Lc nh ngi th gio vi mt v s gi Chim Thnh. Nm 19 tui th ngi pht ch xut gia v th C tc gii. Ngi thng hiu c hai th ch : Hn v Phn; thng vn du khp mi ni hnh ha, hc tr theo rt ng. Trong nhng khi ging dy, ngi thng ch trng thuyt Tam ban. Tc l ly thn lm Pht, ly ming lm php, ly tm lm thuyn. Ngi li gii rng : "Tuy chia lm ba m k thc ch c mt. V d nh nc ba ngn sng, mi x gi mi tn, tn tuy khc m cht nc khng khc." Ngi tch vo nm th t nin hiu Qung Hu (l088), th 69 tui. *

Xt ra thi ny hnh nh Pht gio c pha ln o gio vo nn cc Thin s danh ting no cng gii v ngh ph ch n s. Nh tiu truyn ca Vn Hnh Thin s ni trn, ngoi ra sch li cn chp my chuyn v n s v li sm ca ngi. Cng trong thi ny c mt v Thin s tn l o Hnh, h T, tn hy l L. Cha l T Vinh, lm n chc Tng quan n, m l ng th. ng Vinh c dng t thut lm mch lng Duyn Thnh Hu. Hu gin, lin nh i in Php s dng php thut nh cht ng Vinh vt thy xung sng T Lch, tri n Quyt Kiu bn nh Duyn Thnh Hu. n y thy ng Vinh bng ng dy nh ngi sng v ch tay vo nh Hu sut mt ngy. Hu s hi lin i tm i in Php s. Php s lin c cu k rng : Tng hn bt cch tc (Thy tu c gin g cng khng qua m khc), t nhin ci thy ng xung m tri i. Ngi T L gin lm, mun bo th cho cha m khng bit lm th no, v php thut ca ngi cn km; ngi lin vo n trong T Sn, ly o hiu l o Hnh; ngy thng chuyn tr thn ch i bi v cc php thut khc. Mt ngy kia thy php thut mnh tinh thng, ngi lin tr v bo th cho cha; ngi nm ci gy xung sng T Lch, gy bi ngc ging sng ln qua nh Duyn Thnh Hu th ng li ch vo nh. Hu li bo tin cho i in Php s ra xem th b gy y nh cht ngay. Duyn Thnh Hu s hi lin mi T Gic Hong i Php s, hai bn thng u php nhiu ln. Sau o Hnh Thin s phi thua v n Si Sn (Sn Ty). Nhn khi nh nhau vi t Gic Hong, ngi o Hnh sut b cht, may c Sng Hin Hu xin cu cho. V sau nh n y, ngi o Hnh nguyn s vo u thai lm con ca Hu. Nhn by gi Sng Hin Hu phu nhn c thai, ngi lin hn bao gi phu nhn tr d th phi bo cho ngi bit. Khi c tin y, ngi lin p u vo ni cht 34 Khi y ngi cn b Gic Hong i s ym ba ngn cn mi sau mi u thai vo c. Con ca Sng Hin Hu sau ny tc l vua L Thn Tn 35. (n nay Lng Lng my nm li m i hi mt ln, v trong my lng c th ngi o Hnh, tc gi l T i Thnh v Php s i in. Khi c hi (hi Lng vn c ting, gn H Ni) dn lng li din li tch ngi o Hnh v Php s i in nh nhau. Si Sn cng cn th ngi o Hnh. Si Sn ph Quc Oai, Sn Ty by gi).

(C sch cho chuyn ny l huyn hoc v bc i, nhng tng ta cng khng nn tin hn. Ta ch nn nh rng nhng chuyn y i vi nhng t thut ca o gio l mt s thng v nhn ta c th bit r rng Pht gio pha ln vi o gio bt u t lc y Nguyn php ca Thin Tn l php Thin nh, tp trung t tng, luyn nhn thn nhn din nh thi min hc ca Thi Ty by gi. Khi tm chuyn nht, tr m th ngi ta c th pht hin nhiu thn thng mi l. Nhng nu ngi tu hnh nhn lm thn thng y l cu cnh trong s tu hnh ca mnh, nh vy l sai lc chn l v khng kho thn thng y li tr thnh t thut, nhng php thut y c th gn vi php thut ca o gio, nn hai phi y c th hn hp c. Xt th, sau ny ta khi ly lm l khi thy cc S tu cha cng cng cp ym ba, thn ch. y l v cng v sau Pht gio cng b nhng t o h cp xen vo, nn Pht gio mi lc mt tn ch v lut php ca Pht Thch Ca vy). ---o0o--5. L Thn Tn (1128 - 1138) L Nhn Tn khng c con, lp con ca Hong l Sng Hin Hu ln lm Thi t, Thi t sau ln ngi tc l Thn Tn. Nm Thin Chng Bo T th t (I 136), vua mc bnh nng c nh Minh Khng Thin s cha khi, lin phong cho Thin s lm Quc s v sc lp cha Linh Cm. Minh Khng Thin s : H Nguyn, hy l Ch Thnh, qu lng m X, th gio vi ngi T o Hnh, cha Thin Phc. Ngi tu hnh rt c ch, nn c o Hnh truyn ht b php cho. n khi ngi o Hnh sp tch c bo ngi Minh Khng rng: Xa c Th Tn o qu vin mn ri m cn qu bo, hung chi i mt kip ny. Ta y kip sau lm nhn ch, nhng tt b qui bnh, ngi c duyn vi ta th nn i m cu ta. Ni ri o Hnh lin ha v u thai lm con ca Sng Hin Hu tc l vua L Thn Tn sau ny. Ngi Minh Khng ghi li thy dy, sau khi S ph ha kip, lin tr v qu n dt n 20 nm, khng cu danh ting g. n nm Thin Chng Bo T th t (1136), vua Thn Tn t nhin b mc mt qui tt, tm thn ri

lon, gm tht nh hm m ngi th mc lng ra nh lng h. Cc lng y trong nc u phi b tay. Mt hm cht c ting ca tr con v tay ht : Tp tm vng ! Tp tm vng ! C ng Nguyn Minh Khng Cha c Thn Tng Hong . Triu nh lin i d hi rc ngi v kinh. Khi ngi n ni, thy trong in c nhiu Tng s, Php s , lng y xm nhau li bn bc cha bnh cho Hong . Thy ngi qun nu, o vi qu ma, cc ngi kia u t v khinh b v nghi ng. Ngi cho hi cn vn, lin ly mt ci inh di 5 tc ng vo ct m bo : - Ai nh c ci inh ny mi cha c bnh cho Thin t Nhng khng ai lm c, ngi mi nhn ngn tay kh rt ln, th ci inh ra rt nh nhng. By gi mi ngi mi kinh s v ngi t cha bnh cho vua. Khi vo thm bnh vua th ngi tht to ln rng : - i trng phu ng u mun dn, tr v bn b, sao li lm cch cung lon th? Vua Thn Tn trong lc cn m, nghe ni th git mnh kinh hi v khng lng ln gh gm na. Ngi Minh Khng lin truyn un si mt vc nc v b ci inh ban ny vo lm php, sau em ra tm cho vua, th bao nhiu lng rng ht v bnh cng khi dn. Sau Thn Tn phong cho ngi lm Quc s n lng vn h. Ngi m trng dy rt ng t. n nm i nh th hai vua Anh Tn (1141), ngi ha. Hin nay lng Vng Th (vng Bi trn b h Ty H Ni) c th ngi lm Thnh Hong. Ngoi ra, thi y li c nhiu Thin s khc, ging gii ca ba phi Thin Tn T Ni a Lu Chi, V Ngn Thng, Tho ng m o trng dy t hoc i hnh ha, dng php thut cu gip k bnh tt trong thin h.

i ny c mt v s l Diu Nhn, hy l Ngc Kiu, con gi ca mt v Hong thn: L Phng Qu. Vua L Thnh Tn nhn lm con nui sau g cho ngi h L lm Tng c chu ng Chu. Khi quan Tng c mt, b th gii vi Chn Khng Thin s v Tr tr cha Hng Hi lng Ph ng. l mt v Ni u tin nhp o ca phi T Ni a Lu Chi. Trong i vua Thn Tn cng c nhiu v Thin s danh ting nh Thng Bin Thin s, Bo Gim Thin s Ung Bin Thin s : H Ng, qu an Phng (H ng), Tr tr cha Ph Minh (huyn T Lim Lc nh ngi thng tu, kin thng c ba mn Nho, Thch, o; sau th gii vi Vin Chiu Thin s. Khi c o ri, ngi ra cha Quc T (Thng Long), t hiu l Tr Khng. Mt hm b Nhn Hong Thi Hu hi yn ch Tng, gia tic b hi gc tch o Pht cng cc tn phi v lch s Pht gio khi mi du nhp vo nc ta, ngi tu li rt r rng. Thi hu bng lng, phong ngi lm chc Tng lc, sau li triu vo phong chc Quc s Thi hu tham hi l ngha kinh in o Pht. n khi gi, ngi mi tr v m o trng dy nhiu t. Ngi tch nm Gip Thn (I 134). ---o0o--6. L Anh Tn (1138 -1175) Thn Tn mt, triu nh tn Thi t Thin T ln lm vua, hiu l Anh Tn. Anh Tn l t ca Khng L Thin s (phi Tho ng) c truyn tm php, tc l i th t ca phi Tho ng. Ngi sc nhn dn phi gi ngi l Pht. Nhng Thin s c ting hi y nh Tr Thuyn, Am Tr, Bo Gim, Vin Thng v.v. . . Bo Gim Thin s : Ngi h Kiu, hy l Ph, xut thn l mt nh Nho tng lm quan triu, sau th gio vi ngi Trng Lo Thin s. Vin Thng Thin s : Ngi h Nguyn, hy l c qu Nam nh, Tr tr cha Quc An. Ngi xut gia t thu nh, theo hc vi Vin Hc Thin s, tng d hai khoa thi Tng o u u u c. Nm th t nin hiu i nh (l143), ngi c phong lm Quc s. Ngi tch vo nm i nh th12 (1151), th 72 tui .

Ngi c trc tc nhng b sch hin nay cn lu hnh : 1 Ch Pht tch duyn s (30 chng). 2. Hng chung vn bi k. 3. Tng-gi tp lc (50 chng). 4. Mt ngn bi th. ---o0o--7. L Cao Tn (1176 - 1210) Anh Tn mt, Thi l Long Cn ni ngi, hiu l Cao Tn. Cao Tn mi c ba tui, ng T Hin Thnh lm ph chnh. Sau Cao Tn th gio vi ngi Trng Tam Tng Thin s v phi Tho ng36 Cng hc vi Cao Tn, c mt ngi Qung Gip Ca Nhi (Qung Ca) tn l Nguyn Thc, sau cng cng c Trng Tam Tng truyn tm php37 K i vua Anh Tn v Cao Tn, tuy vua cng cc b phi, cc quan triu (nh Thi y T Hin Thnh, Thi Bo Ng Ha Ngha) u sng m o Pht, nhng v s pht trin khng c g c sc ng k, tuy triu vua Anh Tn (1169) c sc m khoa thi tam gio kn ngi vo lm vic quan. ---o0o--8. L Hu Tn (1211 - 1225) Thi t Sam ni ngi Cao Tn tc l Hu Tn. Lc ny nh L suy lm, trong triu th ni lon, ngoi nhn dn cng khng c yn n, vua cng long ong. Bi th, Pht gio cng ch l bo th . Nm Kin Gia th 14 (1224), vua Hu Tn chn i ng Hong , lin truyn ngi cho con gi l cng cha Pht Kim tc L Chiu Hong, ri xut gia cha Chn Gio, t xng l Hu Quang i s. Sau L Chiu Hong truyn ngi cho chng l Trn Cnh. Th l ht i nh L. Xt ra Pht gio nc ta th i nh L l thnh nht. Trong 215 nm tri, tri 8 i vua, vua no cng sng tn o Pht. Xa nay, mt o

mt tn gio hay mt hc thut no, bao gi cng phi da theo khuynh hng ca chnh tr, nn Pht gio thnh v i ny l phi. Trong hn 200 nm, Pht gio gi a v c tn, trong nc c bao nhiu s mi l. Trong sch Danh trit lc ca Trn K ng c chp: Trc i L Nhn Tn cha c khoa c, nhng k thng lnh nhanh nhn u phi o phi Thch o la chn v ct nhc cho... Nh vy bit vn ha, hc thut v chnh tr thi y hu ht u trong tay cc nh tu hnh. Bi v nhng nh m phm by gi ton l cc v Tng s, Thin s. Ngay nh cc v Hong , phn nhiu cng l th gii ni cc bc Cao Tng c. Li thy i y c bao nhiu v Thin s, khi c o ri l v m o trng dy c hng nghn t bit nhn dn s th i ny u qui hng v mt Pht o. Nhng cui i nh L th Pht gio nh phi b lnh n, cc nhn ti trong cc phi hu km st nhiu. ---o0o--Chng nm - PHT GIO I NH TRN (1225 - 1400) 1. Trn Thi Tn (1225 - 1258) L Chiu Thnh Hong truyn ngi cho chng l Trn Cnh, tc l Trn Thi Tn, Trn Thi Tn ln ngi vua mi c 8 tui, vic hnh chnh trong nc u do tay Thi s Trn Th thu xp. Trong sch i Nam thc lc chnh binc chp: Nm Kin Trung th 7 (1231), vua Thi Tn sc cho nhn gian phi v hnh Pht khp cc ni cng qun v cc ni cng chng hi hp. Sch li chp thm : Vua Thi Tn lc nh i xem m rc thn, c gp v Tng ni sau ngi s lm vua, ri v Tng y bin mt, nn ngi mi c li sc y. (Li cc ch y c v huyn h lm. V Thi Tn by gi mi c 14 tui, vic triu chnh u tay Th nh ot c, vy c th ni l s hnh ng ca Trn Th . Nhng lrn th lm g ? Hoc gi l mt cch lm chnh tr chi m ta cha r chng ? V Th l mt tay xo quyt trong ngh chnh tr; c l no triu chnh tht tm truyn b o pht hoc vua nh n Pht (?) Hoc gi v Thi s Trn Th thng lm nhng

vic tri o l, nh bc t vua L Hu Tn cha Chn Gio v kt duyn vi ngi ch h, nguyn l v vua L Hu Tn. M trong triu by gi vn cn cc v Tng Thng Php s, bn ngoi thin h cn sng tn o Pht nn Th lm ra th che mt thin h chng? Nu ng nh li y, th do ta c th tin rng cui i L, o Pht tuy khng pht trin mnh, nhng n u i nh Trn vn cn quyn th, dn gian cn theo ui mnh m). Nm inh Du (1237), nhn b Trn Th p lm vic thng lun, vua Thi Tn chn nn cnh i lin b vo cha Ph Vn ni Yn T 38 yt kin Ph Vn Quc s, xin li tu hnh. Bit tin y, Trn Th lin em qun thn n rc Thi Tn v. Thi Tn khng chu v, ni rng : Trm cn nh di, khng kham ni vic to ln, cc quan nn chn ngi khc cho khi nhc x tc. Th khuyn mi khng c, lin bo cc quan rng : - Hong thng u th triu chnh . Ni on truyn sp sa xy dng cung in cha Ph Vn. Thy th, Quc s lin n mi xin Thi Tn v v tu : Trong ni vn khng c Pht, Pht ch trong tm, nu Thnh Thng hiu c tm th ng u l Pht y. Thi Tn bt c d phi truyn xa gi v kinh. Nhng cng v cu ni ca Ph Vn Quc s m Thi Tn hiu r o Pht. Ngi khuyn khch trm quan theo gng ngi; nn ngi c lp Vin T Nhai cho cc v Vng hu ra hc tp o truyn. Bi th, Thi Tn hiu o Pht rt su xa. Ngi c lm hai b sch trong thi k ny. Cun Thin tn ch nam v cun Kha h. l hai cun sch bn gii v o Pht rt c gi tr, c th gi l hai bo vt trong rng Thin v nn Pht gio nc ta. Sch Thin tn ch nam gii by o l tu Thin; sch Kha H ni r ci kh sanh, lo, bnh, t ca i v ph tan cc tnh c chp, thnh kin ca th gian vit bng li khuyn l. Hai sch u cn lu truyn ngy nay.

Ngi l ngi hiu r o Pht mt cch thu o nn ngi lun ng c nguyn l ca o Pht. Di y l bi th ca ngi tng cho v s cha Thanh Phong : Phong tng quan nguyt chiu nh, Tm u cnh sc cng th thanh. C trung t v v nhn thc, ng d sn Tng lc cng minh. Dch : Gi p hin tng nguyt di sn, Tnh ny cnh y lung bng khung. Mi Thin trong no ai bit, Thc sut m trng vui vi Tng. Ngi thng mi cc Cao Tng vo cung bn lun v Pht php. Nm Thin ng Chnh Bnh th 16 (1247), triu nh m khoa thi tam gio. Hai nm sau sc trng tu cha Chn Gio. Nm Nguyn Phong th 6 (1256) sc c 330 qu chung treo cc cha. n nm inh T (1257), Thi Tn tm dp vic kinh in ng gi i nh qun Mng C. Nguyn by gi nh Tng bn Trung Hoa b qun Mng C ly, lp ra nh Nguyn. V s xch mch gia nh Trn v nh Nguyn, qun Mng C lin ko sang nc ta. Thi Tn i nh b thua, b kinh chy v Thin Mc (Hng Yn). c t lu, Thi Tn tr li ui c qun ch, ly li kinh . Nm sau, Thi Tn nhng ngi cho con l Thi t Trn Qun, tc Thnh Tn, dy cch tr dn. Triu nh tn ngi ln lm Thi Thng Hong cng coi vic nc. Thng Hong ng cung Thin Trng. Nm Thiu Long th 5 (1262), Thng Hong sc dng cha Ph Ninh pha Ty in Thin Trng.

Nm th 12 nin hiu y (1269), hong thn Quc Thng (anh rut vua Thnh Tn) lp mt s tnh x rt ln Din Chu (Ngh An), cng chng n l Pht v nghe thuyt php. Nm Bo Ph th 5 (1277), Thi Thng Hong bng, th 60 tui. ---o0o--2. Trn Thnh Tn (1258 - 1278) Vua Thnh Tn cng sng tn o Pht, nhng c phn m mang v Nho hc hn. Ngi cho hong l Trn ch Tc m hc ng nhng s t hc tp. Thi ny Nho hc thnh hnh, nhng bn Nho cng khng hi cho bn Thch. Ngoi nhn gian cc Cao Tng vn tip tc m o ng ging dy t. ---o0o--3. Trn Nhn Tn Nm Mu Dn (1278), Thnh Tn ln ngi Thin Thng Hong, nhng ngi cho con l Thi t Khm, tc Trn Nhn Tn. Nhn Tn l mt v vua sng m o Pht t thu nh. Nm 16 tui c lp lm Hong Thi t, ngi c nhng li cho em, nhng vua cha khng chu. Mt hm ngi tro thnh trn i, nh vo ni Yn T tm mt v Thin s. Nhng n cha ng Cu (?) th tri va sng, trong mnh mt qu, mi vo nm ngh trong thp cha. Nh s Tr tr thy ngi tng mo khc thng, lin lm cm tht i. Vua cha c tin, sai cc quan i tm thy, ngi min cng phi v. n khi ln ngi thin t, ngi vn gi mnh thanh tnh tu tp php Thin. Thng m ngi ngh cha T Phc. Ngi tham hc vi Tu Trung Thng S 39 nn ngi hiu thu o truyn. Nhng trong khi y gic Nguyn quy ri, ngi phi xp vic kinh k lo gn gi x tc. By gi gic Nguyn l Thot Hoan, M Nhi hai ln sang quy ri. Nhng vua c nhng i tng nh Hng o Vng, Quc Tun, Trn Quc Ton, Trn Nht Dut, Trn Bnh Trng, Trn Khnh D, v.v . . . gip, nn chng bao lu trong nc li thi bnh. Nc lon th ngi ra tr lon, nc yn th ngi li v nghin cu kinh in nh Pht.

Nm Qu T (1293), Nhn Tn truyn ngi cho con l Anh Tn v ln lm Thi Thng Hong. Dy con c t nm, nm K Hi (1299), ngi vo tu ni Yn T, ly t hiu l Hng Vn i u , lp trng ging Php trng, mn ln lt tm n trc sau k c hng vn. Ngi li i khp cc ni, sc dn gian hy ph cc dm t v thuyt php khuyn dn lm mi iu thin. Ting l tr tr ni Yn T m ngi thng i khp nhn gian lp n ging o. i theo ngi ch c 10 ngi tthn tn. Trong s y c Php Loa Thin s l thn cn hn c. Thin s thng bch ngi rng: Tn c by gi xun thu cao, m c xng pha ma tuyt vt v cc kh nh vy, l khi nng lanh bt k, th mng mch Pht php trng cy vo u? Ngi lin dy rng : - Thi tit sp n ni ri, ta ch cn i ngy gii thot na thi. c 10 ngy, ngi v thm bnh b ch l Thin Thy cng cha. Khi tr v ni, i c na ng, ngi bo my ngi rng : - Ta mun ln am Nga Vn40 m sc chn yu qu. t bch : - t chng ti xin ph Tn c i. Ngi lin cho t du ln. Khi n am Nga Vn, ngi gi Php Loa Thin s n, ci m bo: - Ta sp i y. Php Loa Thin s bch: - Tn c i u by gi ? Ngi lin c bi k : Nht thit php b t sanh, Nht th php bt dit, Nhc nng nh th gii,

Ch Pht thng hin tin, H kh lai chi hu. i khi ni: Ht thy cc php trong th gian, vn khng sanh dit. Nu hiu c nh vy, th Pht thng hin trc mt, chng c i u, m cng chng c li u c . Ni vy ri, ngi dn Php Loa Thin s ht mivic v s truyn b Pht php; ngi ngi chp tay m ha. Php Loa Thin s lin lm l ri rc ngi ln ha n. Vua Anh Tn cng nh thn em long gi rc ngc ct v an th c Lng v xy thp cha Vn Yn ni Yn T, ly tn l Hu Quang kim thp v dng tn hiu l : i Thnh Trn Triu Trc Lm u Tnh Tu Gic Hong iu Ng T Pht". Xt Thin Tn ta ni Bc th ng hn. Cn lu truyn n nay l nh phi Yn T c pht t l do Trc Lm Tam t ng u, m Trn Nhn Tn chnh l nht t vy. Ngi tch vo nm Long Hng th 16 (1308) , th 51 tui. Khi vua Nhn Tn vo ni Yn T th Khm T Hong hu cng xut gia lm Ni. Tu Trung Thng S 41: Ngi hy l Quc Ton, con trai ca Hng o i vng Trn Quc Tun (xem thm ch thch cui chng ny), c phong lm Hng Nhng Vng. Gic Nguyn hai ln sang xm chim nc ta, ngi i theo Hng o Vng lp c nhiu chin cng, lm n chc Tit S ti Thi Bnh. Ngi ch kh cao siu, dung thn thanh nh, lc nh c lng m o, nhn n thm Tiu Gic Thin s 42, nghe ging thuyt m tnh ng, ngi lin tuyt cng danh, chuyn tm hc o, t chc lui v phong p l Vn Nin Hng. Khi ng o, ngi thng lp n ging php. Ngi tuy chc cao quyn ln, m i i vi dn chng rt gin d, nn mi khi ng n th mn thin tn n d thnh rt ng. Nhn mt hm ngi mn hi ngi v l sng cht, ngi p bng hai cu k rng : Trng khng tng s song phi cc,

C hi h phng nht im u. Dch : Ngi g bt nc si ngoi b, Phng c vnh xe ling gia tri. Vua Thnh Tn rt knh trng ngi, t hiu ngi l Tu Trung Thng S v k thc vua Nhn Tn cho ngi. Ngi ht lng dy bo Nhn Tn v phn o l. Khi trong nc c gic ngi li ly v cng m gip Nhn Tn. Mt hm Khm T Hong hu (em gi ngi) thit tic ln i ngi. Trong tic dn chay mn, ngi dng c cc mn tht c. Hong hu ly lm l hi rng : Anh tu m li n c tht c sao thnh Pht c? Ngi ci : - Pht l Pht, anh l anh. Anh chng cn lm ra Pht., cng nh Pht chng cn lm ra anh. Hong hu chng nghe C c ni : Vn Th l Vn Th m gii thot l gii thot ? Xem vy thy o Pht trong t tng ngi tht phiu dt phng khong khng cu n, c chp iu g. (Ch ny rt nn ch ng nn lm s v ngi ca cc ngi gii thot (lm m khng tr tm tham trc) vi nhng hnh vi phng tng bung lung m ngy bin l gii thot. i vi ngi tu hnh bao gi cng phi ly thanh tnh tr gii l gc). Khi gn ha ngi khin ngi nh k gh gia cn nh trng, ngi ta vo gh m tch. Cc nng hu khc ln, ngi lin m mt ra qu rng : - Sanh t l l thng, c g ng thng xt m lm nhiu tm hn ta nh th ? Cc nng hu phi im khc; ngi li nhm mt th tch. Ngi th 62 tui. Vua Nhn Tn nh n ngi dy d, lin sai th v chn dung th v ly o ca ngi truyn cho m tuyn dng, lp nn phi Trc Lm.

Php Loa Tn s: Ngi h ng, ngi lng Cu La, ph Nam Sch (nay l lng Tin Trung, tng V La, Hi Dng), m l V th Nguyn, my ln trc, b m my ln sanh con gi n chn nn khng mun sanh con na, bn ung thuc ph thai hai ln m khng cng hiu. n khi sanh ngi th mng lm, t tn l Kin Cng (cng chc). Ngi thin t nh ng; nm 21 tui gp ngi iu Ng (vua Nhn Tn) khen l c php nhn, lin thu lm t, a v ni cho hc o. Ngi ng o rt sm kinh in u tinh thng; t lu c ngi iu Ng truyn gii php cho v t hiu l Php Loa. Khi ngi iu Ng tr Bo An, huyn Siu Loi th lp ngi lm ging s. Lc y Huyn Quang 43 mi xut gia c ti cha nghe ging; ngi iu Ng trng thy thu lm t ri giao cho ngi trng nom dy bo. Nm 25 tui, ngi phng mnh lm l khai ging cha Siu Loi, c vua v nh thn n d l; ngi iu Ng ln n thuyt php ri nhng ch cho ngi ging o. L xong, ngi iu Ng t cho ngi k th Tr tr cha Siu Loi lm ch Sn mn Yn T v em in kinh in hn 200 b giao ph cho ngi. Ngi c phng sc truyn gii xut gia cho Tuyn T Hong Thi hu v Thin Trinh- trng cng cha. Ngi phng chiu nh chc cc Tng trong nhn dn, t Tng chng mi c s sch r rng, u do ngi qun lnh c. Trong mt i ngi, c1.300 tng Pht, dng 2 i ging o, Thp 5 ngi,Tng ng 200 s. Ngi cho Tng Ni hn 15.000 t c php n 3.000 ngi. Ngi c son cun on sch lc v Tham thin yu ch nay cn lu truyn Lc gn tch, ngi em php bo ca ngi iu Ng truyn cho, truyn li cho ngi Huyn Quang, ri c bi k cho cc t rng : Trn duyn r sch t xa ,44 Bn mi nm l by gi l tin. Hi chi thm bn thm phin, Trng thanh gi mt l min tiu giao.

Dn d t xong u th ngi tch. Th 47 tui. Ngi l T Th hai ca phi Trc Lm. Huyn Quang Tn s: Ngi h L, ngi lng Vn Ti (thuc tnh Bc Giang by gi), cha l Tu T c cng nh Chim Thnh nhng khng chu ra lm quan. Ngi hnh dung k d nhng bm tnh thng minh, hai mi tui Trng Nguyn (by gi Nho hc thnh, nn c nhiu khoa thi tam khi). Trc khi thi , m ngi c nh hn cho nhng trc tr mi. n khi thi , th cc nh ph qu tranh nhau gi g con gi cho, vua cng gi g cng cha, nhng ngi u t chi. Cm v nhn tnh th thi ngi c khu chim hai cu th rng : Kh khn th chng ai nhn, n khi Trng tm nghn nhn duyn. T ngi c chn i m pht tm tu o, tuy c b ra lm quan Vin Hn Lm v i s Trung Hoa. Mt hm ngi c i theo vua Anh Tn nghe Php Loa Tn s thuyt php, ngi lin gic ng. Ngi dng biu xin t chc ri xut gia th gio vi ngi Php Loa. Ngi thng cng ngi iu Ng v ngi Php Loa i du lch v thuyt php khp dn gian. Ngi c phng mnh son ra sch Ch phm kinh v Cng vn tp. Sau khi c ngi Php Loa truyn tm n, ngi Tr tr cha Vn Yn ni Yn T, Tng Ni theo hc d n hng nghn. Ri ngi v c hng thm phn m, lp cha, in kinh, m php hi b th cho k ngho lm rt nhiu vic cng c. Nm 60 tui c xy ra mt vic: Vua Anh Tn sai th Bch n th ngi. Nhng sau khi th Bch dng phng php man tr qu quyt m la ngi v ly c vt tin 45 em v tu man vi vua l ngi cm d c ngi, khi y vua Anh Tn c hi hn than rng: Vic y nu c tht, th l t ta v c t li la chim. M nu khng, th ngi khng khi b mang ting oan. Tht l ti ln ca ta. Vua lin truyn m hi V gi mi Quc s v lm l. Trong khi hnh l c hin nhiu php l im lnh, ai ny u tht kinh , tin rng o hnh ngi cao khng n ni b th Bch cm d. Vua lin ng dy t li vi ngi v bt th Bch h ngc.

Sau khi ngi tch, vua ban t hiu l : Trc Lm Tam Di T Php Huyn Quang Tn Gi V ngi chnh l T th ba Phi Trc Lm vy. Ba v T Trc Lm trn y ta c th gi l nhng bc Gio hong v thi y. V ngoi s tu hnh c o, thuyt php sanh, cc ngi li cn c c quyn cm s Tng tch trong nc, thng lnh ht thy Tng . Tht l mt cch thng nht Pht gio rt hay, tic rng khng bit sao, sau ngi Huyn Quang th nh l khng cn ngi ni nghip na. ---o0o--4. Trn Anh Tn (1293 - 1314) Ngi l Thi t ni ngi vua Nhn Tn, hc tr Php Loa Tn s, ngi thng n din n nghe Tn s thuyt php, nn hiu c Pht php rt chnh ng. Nin hiu Hng Long nm th by (1299), nhn Thi Thng Hong (Nhn Tn) xut gia, vua sc ban cp kinh Pht cho khp nhn dn trong nc. Nguyn nm trc, sau khi thng hiu vi nh Nguyn xong, Thng Hong sai s Trn Khc Dng i s Trung Hoa thnh c i Tng kinh v cung Thin Trng khc, in lm nhiu bn ban b cho nhn gian; li n hnh cun sch Pht gio Php s o trng cng vn cch thc ban cho dn. Nin hiu Hng Long nm th 21 (1303), Thi Thng Hong Nhn Tn ng Chim Thnh v, vua Anh Tn thit mt n trng ln gi l: V lng Pht php cha Ph Minh hnh l pht chn cho dn ngho. * K Pht gio i nh Trn cng nm v thi k rt thnh. Nhng n i vua Trn Anh Tn hnh nh pha ln o gio v nhiu. S pha ln y c l bt u t i L (Xem chuyn Vn Hnh Thin s i L Thi T, T o Hnh, i L Nhn Tn), nhng n y cng r rt hn v t y Anh Tn n cui i Trn, qua i H ri n thuc Minh nht l thuc Minh Lc Ma Gio li truyn vo lm cho s pha ln y tr nn mt hi ln sau ny.

Trong s c chp : Mt khi vua Anh Tn au nng, Bo T Hong Hu c mi cc Tng s n cng cp v xem l sanh t, nhng Anh Tn gt i m phn: Tng s cht u m bit c s cht, nghe Tn s thuyt php, nn ngi hiu o Pht mt cch sng sut. Tic thay vua Anh Tn thng minh, bit ng vc o Pht khi b pha ln cc t o khc, m ngi khng bit cch ngn nga lc ly phn o Pht thun ty. Vn bit trong s tu hnh, tinh thn chuyn nht th tm quang pht hin, tm thanh tnh th diu dng v cng. Nhng d thn thng diu dng, ngi tu hnh nn coi l mt phng tin, ch khng nn nhn lm s tht. Nu nhn lm s tht m em dng thng th tr thnh huyn thut. i ngi bit th ngi khng bit th nhiu; s sai lm v mt gi tr t . S cng cp ph ch nc ta, ngoi o Gio o Pht cn b pha ln vo nhiu th t o khc c l t Trung Hoa truyn sang. S Trung Quc c chp: Trc khi Ht Tt Lit (tc vua Th T nh Nguyn (1279- 1367) tc vua Mng C cp thin h ca nh Tng, thng nht nc Trung Hoa) phng mnh vua Hin Tn qua nh Ty Tng . Khi v, Ht Tt Lit c em theo mt v Tng Lt Ma gio l Pht t Ba. T Lt Ma gio bt u lu hnh Mng C, Mn Chu ri truyn b rng ra. Yu ngha ca Lt Ma gio l dng sc b mt ch, cu tc thn thnh Pht", cng l mt b phn, trong Pht gio, nhng ch trng v n ch nhiu. Cng v s qu thin trng y, dn dn v sau ngi ta lm sai nhiu, n tr nn mt phi y hnh thc m tn. M yu im sai lm y c l ch lng ngi hay theo bng, hiu k v ch lm m khng hiu. Khi Ht Tt Lit ln ngi vua, lin ly Lt Ma gio lm Quc gio, tn Pht T Ba lm Quc s, Gim c Pht gio trong thin h. Pht T Ba ting tm lng ly n ni Ht Tt Lit phi ban hiu l : Hong Thin Chi H, Nhn Nhn Chi Thng, Tuyn Vn Ph Chnh, i Thnh Ch c, Ph Gic Chn Tri, Hu Quc Nh Y, i Bo Php Vng, Ty Phng Pht T, i Nguyn S. (By gi Pht gio Trung Hoa rt i bi, m Lc Ma gio truyn vo t lu, dn gian ua nhau m tn thnh ra li cng t hi hn)46

Thi y ngang vi nc ta l i vua Trn Thnh Tn, Trn Nhn Tn. Mt o gio nh hng rng Trung Hoa nh vy, ri Trung Hoa vi ta khi ha khi chin khi sao ngn lp c s truyn b sang dn ta. Ngoi Lt Ma gio li cn nhng th gio ca Ty Tng ng thi truyn vo Trung Quc, lc mt ln na, thnh ra nhng o gio mt lu ri li sang ta, dn ta rc ly. y th l o Pht n ngy bt hnh. Trong lch s Pht gio Vit Nam c th gi thi ny Thi i Pht gio lc o gc. Trong sch Quc Triu Chnh bin li c chp: Nin hiu Hng Long th 19 (1311), vua Anh Tn np ngi con gi ca v Tng l tn l D Chi Ba Lam vo cung. V Tng l y trc thng qua li triu vua Nhn Tn, c php tch cc v i trn mt nc, qua nc ta vi nm ri v x. Nm y li qua vi ngi con gi c np vo cung th v Tng y li v mt trong thnh. C l l mt ngi x Ty Tng, mt nc th sn ca cc ph ch gio (tantrisme). Vy hai nm v Tng s triu vua Nhn Tn, ri triu vua Anh Tn li hn, trong thi gian y trnh sao c s truyn b o Gio. Tm li, Pht gio Vit Nam v cui i Trn, Tng chng cng nhin mi cc gio ch ca cc t gio v cc tp phn vo ngi chung vi Pht Thchca trong cc cha. o Pht c lui dn nhng ch cho o gio, nh vy th sao trnh khi s hiu lm Trng Hn Siu, Nguyn Trung Ngn i sau ny ra mt bi kch Pht gio? Ni vua Anh Tn l Minh Tn 47 t i Minh lun tr i, nh Trn bt u suy, nhn dn li b gic ngoi nh cp m trong nh vua th lc c, cc quan triu chia b ng, trong h hm hi nhau. Ri n Hiu Tn, D Tn, Ngh Tn, i no cng khng yn, qun thn th gian nnh, vua th nhu nhc li c hay bt chc ng cha nhng ngi cho con - nhng ngi con trn di 10 tui - ln lm Thi Thng Hong. Vn nc suy nh vy, nn cc nc ngoi dm d. Ht Ai Lao n Chim Thnh, ri li nh Minh nht thng nc Trung Hoa cng sang hch sch. Trong nh vua v ngoi triu nh n dn gian tht l lung tung ri beng.

n y trong nc Nho hc c tn ri, cc Tng s li lm lc mt o gc, nn Pht gio hu nh v ngha v tr nn mt tn gio m tn. Cc nh thun nho ng ln bi xch. Bi th nm i Khnh th tm i vua Trn Hin Tn (1321), triu nh sc m mt k kho hch Tng s trong nc, hi v ngha l kinh Kim Cng. bit nhng li tu hnh ca Tng s by gi cu th v ng ng lm nn mi c cuc thi l lng y. L nht l n nm Xng Ph th 5 i vua Ph (1381) triu nh sc i Nam Thin s thng sut Tng chng trong nc i nh gic Chim. Tht ra th i y dn nc cng qu hn yu m Tng th tr nn mt bn v ch, gai mt cc phi Nho hc ri, nn h c i vy. n i Trn Thun Tn nm th 9 (1396), lai m mt k st hch Tng chng, ngi no d tuyn c l in cc chc Tri cung (coi vic cc cung), Tri qun (coi vic cc n) Tri t (coi vic cc cha). y li l mt chng nhn thy cc Tng s v ch v tht th n ni phi i thi gi chc coi vic cc cung vua v cc n miu. Mt hin tng suy i r rt ? Trong triu li n nn L Qu Ly mu vic tim ngi. S chp: Qu Ly lp mu cho ngi o s vo cung, xui vua Thun Tn nhng ngi cho con mi c ba tui tc Trn Thiu Th l Qu Ly tim c ngi vua v lp ra nh H * Chng su - PHT GIO I NH H (1400 - 1407) N I THUC MINH (1414 - 1427) Nh H ln lm vua cng c hai i trong by nm, th li b nh Minh sang nh. Nc ta li thuc nh Minh48 Nm 1419 quan nh Minh tch thu ht cc sch v trong nc, cc kinh in nh Pht em v Kim Lng v t ph cha chin rt nhiu. S chp : Bn Honh Phc (tng nh Minh) li sa sang vic nc, khin cho ngi An Nam ng ha vi ngi Trung Hoa, lp ra n miu

bt ngi mnh cng t theo tc bn Trung Hoa v.v..., cn ci g l di tch ca nc mnh nh l sch v th thu nht em v Trung Hoa ht sch. V: Nh Minh by gi khng nhng l m mang Nho hc m thi, li lp ra Tng Cng ty v o K ty coi nhng vic thuc v o Pht v o Lo. Ri sai cc Tng-gi Tng Cng ty, cc o s o K ty i truyn ging o Pht v o Lo. Lch s Pht gio Trung Hoa chp: i Minh c hai gio Lt Ma v Thin Tn u thnh hnh. Xem vy th i khi on c Pht gio nc ta lc thuc nh Minh vy. Nhng trong 13 nm thuc Minh y, quan Trung Hoa th tham tn, quan ta th gian nnh, tn c v lim s, dn tnh cc kh, nhiu ni ko c khi ngha, trong nc khng lc no c yn. Pht gio d c nh Minh ng h, nhng li phi theo mt chnh sch ring. V t cui i Trn n y, trong m Tng km ngi sng sut, li b di quyn th ca bn Nho s. Chng y ta cng on bit s iu tn hoang ph ca nn o l. May sao, mt ng anh hng cu nc, t Lam Sn m vn mi cho dn tc, m lp ra nh Hu L: Thi T L Li. ---o0o--Chng by - PHT GIO I HU L (1428 - 1527) Nh Hu L k t vua Thi T cho n vua Cung Hong cng c 10 i, tr v trong 100 nm chn. Trong 10 i vua y, vua Thi T th khng ch c vua Thnh Tn v Thi Tn ln tui mi ln lm vua, cn th vua no cng c t tui c. Nn tri nhng triu vua y, vua th b quyn thn lung lc, vua th ln ln sinh kiu xa, dm c, khin nc nh khng my lc c yn. Pht gio cng v th m khng hng khi ln c na. Nht l hi trc quan nh Minh tch thu ht kinh in, nn d c nhng bc m o n u cng khng ly g m nghin cu. Bi th, cc Tng lc y, nhn lc dn nc c t lp, t tr, d c c duy tr ly o Pht th chng qua cng l mt s tn ngng theo hnh thc thi.

Thi ny Nho hc tht lm b ch cho vn ha, cc s phu x nhau vo khoa c, mit mi trong t tng Tng nho, trit l nh Pht khng lm danh lm li cho ai, tt b b qun. Vic tu o i vi hng t hc ch thnh mt k quyn nghi theo hnh thc, vi hng s phu th ch l mt ch ngi no ln n cng danh, chn nn cuc th,bt bnh vi thi i, ngha l ch nhng ngi ym th mi tm n tiu giao ngy thng, mn cnh cha am, ting chung cu k m dt b cuc i bn ngoi thi; ch khng phi l mn hiu gio l ca Pht m tu hnh, v ng o, ri li em o l ra m gic ng cho k khc. Bi vy, trong i Hu L c th gi l thi i Pht gio suy i Hy xem s chp nhng vic i vi Pht gio ca i Hu L : Nm Thun Thin th 2 (1429 - L Thi T) m mt k kho hch Tng o. Ngi no trng tuyn th c cha tu hnh, ngi no hng th phi hon tc. (Vic y cng t ra trong s Tng u i Hu L phn nhiu l hng t hc, tu hnh l ch theo hnh thc khng hiu o gc na. V c kinh in n u m nghin cu. Triu nh d c ha vi nh Minh nhng cng khng c ng h Pht gio, th ai ngh n s cu kinh). Nm Thin Bnh th nht (1434 - L Thi Tn), tri i hn, vua sc rc tng Pht cha Php Vn v kinh lm l cu ma. (Cng t ra t vua n dn yn tr Pht l php thn thng nh mt v thn ca Lt Ma gio hay Ph ch gio). Nm sau vua Thi Tn sc c tng b Thi Hong Thi hu (b ni vua Thi T). Khi c xong, mi Hu Hng Thin s vo lm l im nhn. (Thin s nghim nhin mt thy ph thy cha, c kinh Pht lm s). Nin hiu Thi Ha th by (1449 - Nhn Tn), tri i hn, vua sc b l lm o v cha Bo n. Li sc rc tng Pht cha Php Vn v cha Bo Thin mi cc Tng s n tng kinh. B Hong Thi hu ra ng ch l. (Pht hin nhin thnh mt v tng thn cho dn Vit Nam tn ngng).

Nm Quang Thun nguyn nin (1460 L Thnh Tn), sc cm cc Tng o khng c qua li vi nhn dn trong thnh. Nm sau sc cm dn gian khng c lm thm cha; v nhn dn lc y qu sng tn o Pht, trong mt nm lm khng bit bao nhiu l cha, nn mi c lnh y. (Sng tn m n ni Tng b cm khng c giao thip vi dn v trong i khng c thm c mt v Cao Tng, th qu l tinh thn o Pht tuyt dit. S ngn cm ny phi chng l vua s mn tn ngng hnh thc rn rng y s nguy hi cho dn chng, hay ch l nghe li dm sim thin v ca cc ngoi o khc?) Xt nhng iu k trn, ta bit Pht gio trong khong i Hu L ny, ch cn l s cng cp cu o, v Tng thnh nhng tay sai ng thng hi ca vua quan hoc cc nh c tin khi t cu ti mc d b ngoi nh tung h vn tn knh. ---o0o--Chng tm - PHT GIO THI I NAM BC PHN TRANH (1528 - 1802) Nh Hu L lm vua n i vua Chiu Tn, Cung Honh (1516 - 1527) th b Mc ng Dung thon ot. Nh L tuy mt ngi, nhng lng ngi cn tng nh n cng c ca Thi T, Thnh Tn, cho nn nhiu ngi li theo ph con chu nh L Trung Hng ln pha Nam, lp ra triu nh ring vng Thanh Ha, Ngh An chng nhau vi nh Mc, thnh ra Nam triu v Bc triu hai bn nh nhau nm, su mi nm tri. Nh Hu L nh h Trnh gip, dt c nh Mc, tng giang san li thng nht nh c, ai ng h Trnh vi h Nguyn li sanh lng ganh ght, gy nn mi th on, ri mi h hng c mt phng, chia nc ra lm hai mnh : h Nguyn Nam, h Trnh Bc. Nh Hu L t khi Trung Hng ln, con chu vn gi ngi vua, nhng quyn chnh tr c h Trnh. Xt Pht gio n cui i L suy i nh trn nhng n thi i ny li c c phc hng. Trong Nam ngoi Bc li thm my phi Thin Tn mi na.

Vo khong i L Th Tn (1573 - 1599), Bc c phi gi l To ng, cng l chi phi ca phi B t-ma bn Trung Hoa 49 phi y truyn vo bi nh s Tu Tri Gic Nht C; sau ngi Nht C truyn cho ngi Thy Nguyt, ngi Thy Nguyt truyn cho ngi Tn in.v.v .. . Nhng nh s Tr tr cc cha Ha Giai, Hm Long, Chn Quc H Ni by gi l theo phi To ng. Vo khong i vua L Hy Tn (1676 - 1705), Bc li c phi gi l phi Lin Tn, do mt v Vng cng nh h Trnh l Ln Gic Thin s lp ra cha Lin Phi (Bch Mai - H ni). ng thi s Nguyt Quang cng lp phi y Kin An. Ngi Ln Gic vi ngi Nguyt Quang cng l t ca ngi Chnh Gic, ngi Chnh Gic l t ca ngi Minh Lng, ngi Minh Lng l t ca ngi Chuyt Cng (ngi Trung Hoa) tc l chi phi ca phi Lm T (hin nay nhng chi phi ca cha Hm Long Bc Ninh, cha Nguyt Quang Kin An u l chi phi ca phi Lin Tn. Vy H Ni by gi c hai phi Pht gio : Mt cha B l chi phi ca Lm T, mt na cha Ha Giai l chi phi To ng). T nm Vnh Thnh th 15 (1719 - D Tn) n nm Vnh Hu th ba (1737: Tn), ch thy cc cha lm cha. Nm Vnh Thnh th 15 (1779) , cha Trnh Cng sc dn ba huyn Gia nh, Lng Ti, Qu Dng trng tu cha Phc Long, lm xong min thu mt nm cho ba huyn y. Cha Phc Long v lng Lng Ngm, huyn Gia nh (Gia Bnh), cha Trnh Trng dng ra t nm Phc Thi th tm (1648). Nm Bo Thi th 8 (1727), cha Trnh Cng cho cc ni gi lp cha Thin Ty ( lng Sn nh, huyn Tam Dng v a phn ni Tam o) v cha c Tn ( lng Ct N, huyn Ph An, tnh Thi Nguyn) v cho ra ngh . Nm Vnh Khnh th hai (1730), cha Trnh Giang sc dn ba huyn ng Triu, Thy ng v Ch Linh trng tu cha Qunh Lm v cha Sng Nghin. Dn phu 6000 ngi lm lun m ngy n mt nm mi xong. Nm Vnh Hu th hai (1736), cha Trnh Giang sc dn cc huyn ng Triu, Kim Thnh, Gip Sn, Thy ng dng cha H Thin ( trn chp ni thuc huyn Bo Lc, trn Kinh Bc, tc Bc Giang by gi) v cha Hng Hi ( lng Ph V, huyn Ch Linh). Nm Vnh Hu th ba (1737), cha Trnh Giang dng tng Pht ln th cha Qunh Lm sc cho quan thay phin n lm l. Cng trong khong

nin hiuVnh Hu (1735 - 1739), ngi Trm Cng vng sc vua qua nc i Minh, non nh H, tham yt ngi Kim Quang Ha thng v sau thnh c nhiu kinh in em v ti cha Cn An. n nm Cnh Hng nguyn nin (1740: L Hin Tn), cha Trnh Giang li tch thu chung cc cha c binh kh. Nm Cnh Hng th 32 (1771), dng cha Tin Tch ngoi ca i Hng (thuc lng Nam Ng), huyn Th Xng, H Ni, nay l ph Hng Bt). Nm Chiu Thng nguyn nin (1787), li tch thu cc ng cha c tin * Trong i Hu L cng c mt vi v Cao Tng nh Hu ng Thin s, Lc H Vin Cnh Thin s, i Thm Vin Khoan Thin s, Hng Hi Thin s.v.v . Nhng v Thin s trn, khng thy s chp r rng, ch c Hng Hi Thin s c tiu truyn trong sch Kin vn lc ca ng L Qu n. Hng Hi Thin s : Vn ging th phit, ng cha tng lm n Qun cng v phong lm Cng thn trong i cha Nguyn. Mi tm tui u Hng cng (C nhn), c kn vo ph cha Nguyn ri b ra lm tri ph Triu Phong. By gi ngi mi c 25 tui, m rt hm m o Pht; thng m lun vi cc Danh Tng, rt thm hiu o l. Cch ba nm, ngi xin t quan xut gia tu o. Ngi ra chi ni Tin Bt La ngoi Nam Hi ri lp am li tu tr o hnh ngi rt cao, quan dn xa gn thy u cm m. Cha Nguyn (Nguyn Phc Chu: 1691-1725) sai ngi ra hi o mi v; khi v n ni a, cha Nguyn thn ra n tip, ri lp Thin Tnh Vin ni Qui Cnh mi ngi . Sau c ngi dm vi cha, ni ngi vi Gia Qun cng m mu tr v Bc vi cha Trnh. Cha Nguyn em vic xt hi th khng c c g, bn truyn cho ngi phi vo Qung Nam. Bi vy, ngi mi quyt ch ra Bc tht. Ngi sm mt chic thuyn cng 50 vt b v n trn Ngh An, vo yt kin quan trn th l Trnh Na. Trnh Na lin tu v triu, cha Trnh cho thuyn vo n v kinh, triu vo ph hi han mi vic. c t lc ngi lp am tu tr trn Sn Nam. Ngi c dch v ch gii cc kinh ra ch nm c 30 thin. Vua D Tn (1706 - 1729) v him hoi v phn con ci nn thng mi ngi vo kinh lp n cu t. By gi ngi 80 tui, vua rt knh trng.

Mt khi vua hi ngi rng: Trm nghe Thin s hc rng nh nhiu, vy xin Thin s thuyt php cho nghe, Trm hiu c o. Ngi tu rng : Bn Tng c bn cu k ny, xin B h tm, suy ngh : Phn vn t k mi thng quan, Thm st t duy t t khan. Mc gio mng trung tm tri thc, ng lai din thng s nhan. Dch: Nghe li iu mnh thy nhng ngy, Suy i ngh li k cng hay. Ch tm tri thc trong cn mng C th mi hay nhn c thy? 50 Vua hi : Th no l ca Pht? Ngi tha : Nhn qu trng khng, nh trm hn thy. Nhn v di tch chi , Thy v lu nh chi tm. Dch : Nhn ling gia khng, Bng chm di nc. Nhn khng du li,

Nc chng lu bng lm chi. Ngi thng c nhng cu k dy Tng chng nh cu : Tm ngu tu phng tch, Hc o, qu v tm. Tch ti ngu hon ti, V tm o d tm. Dch: Tm tru tm du chn tru, D cn tru chng mt u bao gi. Nllng ngi hc o ch ng, V tm th o c c d tm. Ngi thng lm th, di y l mt bi th trong cc bi th ca ngi : Thnh th du lai ng t trin, Ty c ng bin mi thi nhin. Song chiu nguyt o thuyn sn mt, Tng tiu phong xuy tnh khch min. Sc ng lu i minh sc diu, Thanh truyn chung c din thanh huyn. Nguyn lai tam gio ng nht th, Nhm vn h tng hu thin. Dch :

Chn cnh phn hoa mn cnh thin, Ty thi mi hip l ng nhin. Trng dm song m ging k st, Gi thi tng reo gic ng yn. Lng lnh lu i mu huyn diu, Nhp nhng chung trng ting u huyn. Cho hay nht th ng tam gio, o c cha tng lch mt bn. c bi th ny, ta thy khng nhng ngi khng qun mnh l nh Nho tu Pht, m li mun cho hai o hc y nh hng vi nhau, cho c hai cng thm sng sut. Nhng khng sao trnh khi nhc im ca hai gio y trong thi ny: Pht gio v thi ny tuy c c hng thnh, nhng s tht yu th nhiu, nn phi xng thuyt nht th cu thn vi Nho, Lo. V ng thi ng cp Nho gio lc ny cng bcvo tnh th suy lc, nn li phi mn Pht gio lm ch an i. Bi vy, thi ny rt c nhiu v Nho s u Thin. M ngi l ngi i biu. Li cng trong thi ny, ng Trnh Hu cng xng thuyt Nht th lm sch Tam gio nht nguyn thuyt, gii r ba gio vn ng mt gc. Sch tuy c li cho nhng ngi mun tham hc c ba gio, s tht iu cng gip cho ta chng r hng y. Pht gio ngoi (Bc) n li lm vo thi k nh n. Trong s khng thy chp vic g quan h Pht gio na. Cng bi t tnh th trong nc ri ren, vic chinh chin xy ra lun lun * Trong lc Pht gio ngoi Bc c phc hng, ng thi trong Nam cng c c xng thnh. Nht l khi ngoi Bc b nh n, trong Nam li pht t thm nhiu

T khi cha Nguyn Hong vo trn t Thun Ha, th min Nam c m mang mi phng din. Trong hn 200 nm, h Nguyn i vi Pht gio ht lng sng thng, no dng cha, no c tng, c chung rt nhiu By gi c nhng ngi T Vin Ha thng, Gic Phong Lo t, v.v...u l ngi Trung Hoa em Pht gio qua truyn b An-nam. Nm t T (1665), Dng Qun cng Nguyn Phc Tn (1648 - 1687) (sau truy tn l Thi Tn hong ) li c mt v Thin s ngi Trung Hoa em An-nam, ban u trc tch ph Qui Ninh (Bnh sinh) lp cha Thp Thp Di , sau ra Thun Ha lp cha Quc n truyn chnh phi Lm T nc ta; y l ngi Th Tn Ha thng, hy Nguyn Thiu. ---o0o--PHI NGUYN THIU Ngi h T, qu Trnh Hng Triu Chu, Qung ng, xut gia nm 19 tui, tu cha Bo T th gio vi ngi Bn Khao Khon Vin Ha thng. Nin hiu Cnh Tr nm th ba i L Huyn Tn (nm t T th 17 i cha Nguyn Phc Tn: 1665), ngi i theo thuyn bun qua An-nam, tr ph Qui Ninh (Bnh nh) lp cha Thp Thp Di , m trng truyn dy; sau ra Thun Ha lp cha H Trung (thuc huyn Ph Lc nay hy cn), ri ln Xun Kinh (Hu) lp cha Quc n v dng thp Ph ng (?). Sau ngi li phng mnh c Anh Tn (Nguyn Phc Trng: 1687-1691) tr v Trung Quc, tm mi cc Danh Tng v cung thnh php tng, php kh. Ngi v Qung ng mi c Thch Lim Ha thng v cc Danh Tng khc, cng thnh c nhiu kinh in tng kh em v. Cha Nguyn lin sc m n truyn gii rt long trng ti cha Thin M. Sau cha Nguyn sc ban ngi chc Tr tr cha H Trung. Mt hm ngi lm bnh, hp mn li dn d mi vic v ngi truyn cho bi k rng : Tch tch knh v nh, Minh minh chu bt dung.

ng ng vt phi vt, Liu liu khng vt khng. i : Lng l gng khng chiu bng Sng trng ngc chng thu hnh R rng vt khng phi vt Minh mng khng chng l khng. (Nguyn Lang, VNPGSL, tr.590) (Din ra vn xui l ngi mun khai th cho trong Chng bit : Th php thn thanh tnh sng sut, nh bc gng sng sch khng bi, nh ngc minh chu trong sng, bng ngi, tuy hin tin s s vt vt sai khc, nhng u l th php thn biu hin th php thn thng vng lng m khng phi l khng, tc l l chn khng diu h). Ngi vit xong bi k va ngi yn lng m tch. Ngi mt ngy 19 thng 10 nin hiu Bo Thi th 10 nh L, chng cng cc t quan th gii t lm thp Ha Mn chn ct hi ct (thp ny bn i nh xm Thun Ha lng Dng Xun Thng) Hin Tn Hong ban thy hiu l: HNH OAN THIN S, v c lm bi minh khc vo bia tn thn o c ca ngi: u u Bt-nh, ng ng phm tht, Thy nguyt u du, Gii tr chin lt. Trm tch c kin Trc lp kh tt

Qun thn bn khng Hong php li vt, Bin ph t vn Ph chiu hu nht Chim chi nghim chi Thi sn ngt ngt. i : Cao vt tr tu Phm hnh vun trng Gii ao mt li Trng nng thung dung. Ngi ng mt thn, Trong lng kin cng, Hong php li ngi Qun thn vn khng My t che khp Tri tu chiu cng, Ngm i ngm i, Thi sn oai hng. Ngi l v T truyn phi Lm T u tin Trung k. Cc t c ngi truyn php cho, hoc cc ngi di ngi cng ngi truyn ging Lm T, nh ngi Minh Hong T Dung, Minh Hi Php Bo, Minh Vt Nht Tri v.v...

Xt trong Lch Truyn T th ngi Nguyn Thiu ng v i 69, xt v chnh thng phi Lm T th ngi ng v i 33, m truyn phi Lm T Trung k th ngi l S t (xem bn H). Xt Lch s Pht gio Vit Nam ta v khong ny, c i ch m h, cn phi bin minh khng th b qua c, y l ni v li truyn thng ca phi Lm T do sau khi ngi Nguyn Thiu truyn sang. nh rng ngi l v T u tin truyn phi Lm T ta, nhng trc tin ngi k tha ni mt ngi no ? V sau, nhng ai l ngi c truyn th php y ? Mun tr li nhng du hi y khng phi chuyn d . Nguyn do bi ngi mang ly hai danh hiu: Nguyn Thiu, Siu Bch. K Pht gio sau khi truyn qua Trung Hoa, v phn chia tn phi c nhiu, nht l v phi ThinTn li c chia ra nhiu nhnh khc nhau. Nn cc ngi v sau li sinh ra t tng t nhng ging k chm du v thng h ca mnh. Nh phi Thin Tn truyn i ngi Ngha Huyn, ngi li lp ra nhnh gi l Lm T. Lm T truyn n i 21 l ngi Vn Phong Thi y cha Thin ng (Trung Hoa) xut ra bi k : T, o, Gii 51 truyn n i 31 l ngi o Mn li xut mt ging k khc : o, Bn, Nguyn, Thnh52 Nh trn ni : ngi mang ly hai danh hiu: Nguyn Thiu v Siu Bch. Xt danh hiu Nguyn Thiu l thuc v ging k ca ngi o Mn, tc l s t ca ngi mi lp ra Siu Bch l thuc v ging k ca ngi Vn Phong , tc l T II i ca ngi truyn xung. Do , ngi ta bo ngi th gio c hai bn. Bn ging k ca ngi Vn Phong th ngi c hiu l Siu Bch; bn ging k ca ngi o Mn th ngi c hiu l Nguyn Thiu. L xt c phn ng. Nhng li thy c ch chp ngi o Minh Hu Nht cha Thin Khai (Trung Hoa) xut ra ging k: o, Bn, Nguyn ... y, sau khi va mi tha truyn theo ging k T, o, Gii... ca ngi Vn Phong ch c mt i. Bi vy rt sai v nu ni ngi o Minh xut ging k y th ch Nguyn ca ngi Nguyn Thiu khng phi l ch Nguyn trong ging k . V em nhng ch trong hai ging k kia ra m i chiu th t ch Nguyn Nguyn Thiu n ch Siu - Siu Bch - cch nhau n 8 9 ch (tc l 8 - 9 i) lm sao m gp nhau ni mt ngi c ?

C gii quyt c iu ny, tc i vn : V sao ngi li truyn xung c hai ging k y (hin nay cha Quc n (Hu) th theo ging k ch Nguyn, tc l ging ca ngi o Mn; cha Thp Thp (Bnh nh) th theo ging k ch Siu tc l ging ca ngi Vn Phong) (?) V trong hng ch Minh v ch Thnh (Sau ch Nguyn, ch Siu mt ch) ai l t ca ngi ? Nh trn ni ngi th gio c hai bn. Nn y c th ni: Mt bn ngi mun truyn xung ging k ch Siu ca T Vn Phong. Mt bn ngi mun truyn xung ging k ch Nguyn ca s t mnh. Bn u mun lm cho phi din ca t tin khi phi t on. Chng tht cho kin ny, ta nhn thy bt k cha Thp Thp hay Quc n, di ngi u c nhng ngi hoc ch Minh hoc ch Thnh xen ln nm trong th h. Vy cn ai l t ca ngi Nguyn Thiu? Theo th h truyn thng cha Thp Thp v Quc n th di ngi Nguyn Thiu, Siu Bch, phn nhiu l nhng ngi nm v ch Minh c. Nh ngi Minh Vt Nht Tri, Minh Hong nh Nhin, Minh Gic K Phng, Minh Dung Php Thng, Minh Dng Nguyt n v.v... v c xen ln mt i ngi nm v ch "Thnh" nh ngi Thnh ng Minh Yu, Thnh Nhin Php Thng, v.v... Ngi cc ngi y li c nhng ngi cng l ch Minh nh ngi Minh Hong T Dung (khai sn cha T m- Hu), Minh Hnh Ti Toi ( Nhn Thp Sn - Bc K), Minh Hi Php Bo (khai sn cha Chc Thnh, Qung Nam) v.v... Theo tng truyn xa nay th cc ngi va mi k trn u l t ca ngi Nguyn Thiu c (V xt theo th h ca hai ging k th d ngi ch Minh hay ch Thnh cng u nm di ngi Nguyn Thiu mt ch c). Nhng nu ng ra ngoi tn ngng tp truyn, dng quan im ca nh s hc m d xt, th khng th bo cc ngi u l t ca ngi Nguyn Thiu c. Xt trong bi bia k dng cha Quc n th thy chp: Ngi 19 tui xut gia tu cha Bo T, th gii vi ngi Khong Vin Ha thng ... Vy sau khi ngi xut gia, cn phi tu hc 5, 7 nm ch! Li trong bi bia y chp: Nin hiu Cnh Tr nm th ba i L Hin Tn (nm t T th 7 i cha Nguyn Phc Tn:1665), ngi qua An-nam lp cha Thp Thp (xem li truyn ngi Nguyn Thiu).Th th khi ngi qua An-nam i khi cng trn

30 tui. Ngi qua, trc ht ph Quy Ninh lp cha Thp Thp; t khi qua n khi lp thnh cha Thp Thp, t na cng phi tri qua thi gian mi nm. Ri sau ra Thun Ha cha H Trung, ln Xun Kinh lp cha Quc n cng phi mt ht thi gian chng trn 10 nm na: Cho n khi phng mnh c Anh Tn (1687-1691) tr v Trung Quc, tm thnh cc Danh Tng v khai gii n ti cha Thin M. Ch thy trong s chp ngi Thch Lim cng ngi qua lc ny. Nhng theo tng truyn xa nay th cng qua vi ngi, ngoi ngi Thch Lim cn c cc ngi khc na, nh ngi T khai sn cha Thuyn Lm (Hu) v.v. . . vi cc ngi Minh Hong T Dung, Minh Hi Php Bo . . . (xt v thi i ca cc ngi qua cng nhm lc y). n y, hy tr li vi vn : Vy cc ngi ch Minh ng qua vi ngi lc ny, c th bo u l t ca ngi NguynThiu c khng ? E khng th bo c. Bi thi gian Trung Hoa ca ngi rt t, m thi gian An-nam th nhiu, lm g c t xng c, xng v cng qua vi ngi ngi trong a v Thp s trn gii n ? V trong s chp ngi vng mnh vua v thnh cc Danh Tng; nu ngi ch bo t ca ngi qua (gi s ngi c t Trung Hoa), th th ngi hp hi v t khinh thng hai ch Danh Tng lm ru ! Nn d cho trong khi ngi qua cng c nhng v t hoc mi theo lc ngi tr v, hoc theo lc ngi cha qua Annam, nhng thit tng nhng v y cng ch theo hu thy ch cha c th ngi ngang mt gh Thp s trong gii n c, m d c cng ch c i ba v thi. Vy ta c th bo nhng ngi Minh Hong T Dung, Minh Hi Php Bo, Minh Hnh Ti Toi ...ch l nhng ngi nm di ngi Nguyn Thiu mt ch, gi ngi l s thc hoc s b g ch cha hn l t ca ngi c. Trong tm bia dng cha Chc Thnh v trong quyn Lit T truyn, c ni n lc s ca ngi Minh Hong cng ngi Minh Hi, nhng ch ni qua ngi ngi i Thanh, qua An-nam, trc tch Thun Ha, lp cha n Tn (T m); v Qung Nam lp cha Chc Thnh, ch khng ni n hai ngi l t ca ngi no. Vy cn c vo y, ta c th cho li bn trn l ng chng (?) C th, sau khi gii n xong, ngi Minh Hong mi t do lp cha n Tn Hu, ngi Minh Hi lp cha Chc Thnh Qung Nam v ngi Minh Hnh ra Nhn Thp Sn, Bc K. Tri li nu qu l t, th tnh thy tr u c r ri gp gp n th.

Tic rng v nhng s liu ny, sau mt thi k bin lon Ty Sn, nhng ci c quan h n lch s nh giy m, bia k u b tht lc, khng gip cho ta kho xt thm c r rng, chc chn hn na. Thch Lim Ha thng : Ngi qu Giang Ty nc Trung Hoa, hc vn uyn bc, bao nhiu mn thin vn, a d, ton s, cho n ngh vit, ngh v, khng th g ngi khng tinh xo, li c s trng v th ph. Cui i nh Minh, nh Mn Thanh lm ch Trung Quc, ngi khng chu ra lm quan, bi t m gi, ct tc i tu, ri vn du khp ni. Khi Th Tn Ha thng (Nguyn Thiu) vng mnh cha Nguyn v Qung ng tm cc bc Cao Tng, c nghe ting ngi lin n mi ngi Tr tr cha Thin M dy t v thng mi vo cung m o; sau ngi c lp cha Khnh Vn gn cha Thin M. c t nm, ngi xin tr v Trung Hoa khng qua na. Sau nhn c tu bun qua, ngi c gi dng cha Nguyn mt bc th xch c v mt bi thi : XCH C Nht giang yn lng, o cch trng vn, Bt xun quang, tuyt thim hoa mn. S nhn gian chi h lp, c thin ngoi chi nhn duyn; Diu tri cam in b on, D chng hunh mai tiu tc. Vin khin giang chi v, Thiu thn sc a chi hoi. D nguyt thng triu, tr lai vin tn, Tn thi k tng, qu php trng ngn. Dch :

Tri b mun trng, Nc my cch tr. Xun v my , Ln tc na sng. Bm tay ngh chuyn nhn gian, Chnh nh mi tnh thin ngoi. Tng chng di chic b on, t hunh mai li c. Thuyn lan tin gi, Thu ch nh nhung. Sng v trng ghnh My a tnh nhn My li qu cn, T cht u hoi. THI VIT : ng phong tn lng mn giang tn, Tng kin h sn v l tn. T th dng ha qui tho mc, Thi bnh nhn ty hi thin xun. TH RNG : Sng rn hoa tn pht gi ng,

nh h tng thy ht ma nhun. C cy vui di tri m diu, Ngi ngm thng bnh tm b xun. Ngi c lm tp Ly Lc ng thi, tp Hi ngoi k s v b Kim Cang trc s cn lu hnh. Thi y cha Nguyn ang trn Thanh Ha; phn nhiu l ngi Chm. Hai ngi ny : Nguyn Thiu v Thch Lim - l ngi rt c cng em vn ha v hc thut Trung Quc khai ha cho dn ta x ny. T Dung Minh Hong : Khng r ngi tn h l g ch bit ngi l i th 34 Lm T; qu Qung ng theo ngi Nguyn Thiu qua An-nam Thun Ha c lp cha n Tn (tc cha T m, Hi Qun hi Pht hc by gi). ---o0o--PHI LIU QUN Liu Qun Ha thng : Ngi h L, hy Thit Diu, ngi lng o M, huyn ng Xun, tnh Ph Yn (Sng Cu by gi). Lc 6 tui, m ci m, cha em n cha Hi Tn th gii vi ngi T Vin Ha thng 53.c by nm th Ha thng tch, ngi ra Thun Ha xin hc vi Gic Phong Lo t 54 cha Bo Quc. Sau mt nm, nm Tn Mi(1691), ngi phi v phng dng cha gi, ly ngh kim ci nht. Bn nm sau ph thn mt, nm t Hi (1695) ngi li tr ra Thun Ha th Sa-di gii vi ngi Thch Lim Ha thng. Nm inh Su (1697) ngi li th C tc gii vi ngi T Lm Lo Ha thng (cng l ngi Trung Hoa, mt ngi nay cn cha T Lm gn nh my nc Hu). Bt u nm K Mo (1699), ngi i tham l khp thin lm, chu bit bao iu kh khn, m bc. n nm Nhm ng (1702) ngi n Long Sn vo bi Yt T Dung Ha thng cu dy php tham thin. Ha thng dy ngi tham cu : Vn php qui nht, nht qui h x ? (Mun php v mt, mt v ch no ?)

Ngi ngy m tham cu 8, 9 nm m cha lnh hi, trong lng t ly lm h thn. Mt hm, nhn c truyn Truyn ng lc n cu : Ch vt truyn tm, nhn bt hi x? thot nhin ngi c t ng. Nhng v ni sng cch tr, ngi khng th n ngi T Dung trnh ng c. n nm Mu T (1708), ma xun ngi mi tr ra Long Sn, cu Ha thng n chng. Khi y ngi em ch cng phu ca mnh, mi mi trnh by, on ngi ni n cu ch vt truyn tm, nhn bt hi x. Ha thng lin ni : Huyn nhai tn th, t khng tha ng, Tuyt hu ti t, khi qun bt c. (Phi bc ra b v m bung tay, cht sng t mnh chu ly, ngt i m sng li mi khi b ngi di gt). Lin ngi v tay ci ha ha... Ha thng ni : - Cha nhm Ngi Liu Qun ni : Bnh thy nguyn th thit. (Tri cn vn l st) Ha thng ni : - Cha nhm. Mai li, Ha thng gi ngi n bo : Chuyn ngy qua cha xong, ni li xem! Ngi Liu Qun ni : To tri ng th ha, phn thc d a th (Sm bit n l la, cm chai lu ri !)

By gi Ha thng rt khen ngi. Nm Nhm Thn (1712), ma h, Ha thng vo Qung Nam d l Ton Vin (?), ngi em trnh by k dc Pht. Ha thng lin hi : - T T tng truyn Pht Pht th th, V thm truyn th c thm ma ? (Cc v T ni truyn cho nhau, c Pht ny trao cho c Pht khc, chng hay truyn th nhngci g ?) Ngi Liu Qun ni : - Thch dun tru iu trng nht trng, Qui mao pht t trng tam cn. (Bp mng trn di mt trng, ph pht lng ra nng my cn). Ha thng ni theo : - Cao cao sn thng hnh thuyn Thm thm hi tu m (Lung linh nc chy trn o, Nga ua di bin, thuyn cho trn non)55 Ngi tip theo ni : - Chit gic n ngu trit d hng, Mt huyn cm t tn nht n. (Dy t n cm rung sut bui,

Gy sng tru t rng thu m). Ngi bin ti lanh l, lm c ng bin, nh nc v sa rt l ph hp. Ha thng rt ly lm vui mng , n kh . Li ch ha duyn ca ngi rt rng, ngi thng ra vo Hu - Ph Yn ha o lun lun, khng n kh nhc. Nm Qu Su (1733), Gip Dn (1734) v t Mo (1735), ngi chu li thnh cu ca cc ngi trong Tn mn, cng cc bc t quan, c s Hu, d bn l ln v i gii n.Qua nm Canh Thn (1740) ngi tn n Long Hoa phng gii, ri ngi tr v cha Thin tn.56 Thi y Nguyn Cha Ninh Vng rt yu mn o c ca ngi, thng mi ngi vo cung m o, nhng ngi vn t chi khng vo. Ma xun nm Nhm Tut (1742), ngi li d l gii n cha Vin Thng. Cui ma thu nm y ngi th bnh, gi mn n m dy rng : "Nhn duyn ht, ta sp cht vy. Khi y mn u khc, ngi dy rng : Cc ngi khc m lm g ? Cc c Pht ra i cn nhp Nit-bn; ta nay i li r rng, v tt c ch, cc ngi khng nn khc v ng nn bun thm lm. Cui thng 2, trc khi tch my ngy, ngi ngi dy vng vng, t cm bt vit bi k t bit rng : Tht thp d nin th gii trung, Khng khng sc sc duyt dung thng. Kim triu nguyn mn hon gia l, H tt bn man vn t tng. Dch : Ngoi by mi nm trong th gii, Khng khng sc sc thy dung thng. Ngy nay nguyn mn v ni c,

No phi n cn hi t tng. Sau khi ngi vit bi k xong, ngi bo mn rng : Sau khi ta i, cc ngi phi ngh cn v thng nhanh chng, cn phi sing nng tu hc tr tu, cc ngi hy nn gng ti, ch b qun li ta. n ngy 22 thng 2 ta, bui mai, sau khi dng nc tr v cc hu chuyn cng lm l xong, ngi hi n gi, cc tha : gi Mi. Th ri...ngi vui v th tch. Vua nghe tin, sc ban bia k, v t hiu l oHnh Thy Chnh Gic Vin Ng Ha Thng . Ngi l i th 35 ging Lm T chnh tn, khai sn cha Thin Thai Thin Tn Hu. Ngi c tc bi k v Php phi rng : Thit t i o, tnh hi thanh trng. Tm nguyn qung nhun, c bn t phong. Gii nh phc hu, th dng vin thng. Vnh siu tr qu, mt kh thnh cng. Truyn tr diu l, din sng chnh tn. Hnh gii tng ng, t ng chn khng. Dch : ng ln thc ti, bin th tnh trong, Ngun tm thm khp, gc c vun trng. Gii nh cng tu, th dng vin thng, Qu tr siu vit, hiu thu nn cng. Truyn gi l mu, tuyn dng chnh tng

Hnh gii song song, t ng chn khng. (Nguyn Lang, Vit Nam Pht gio s lc, tr. 603) Ngy nay, Tng tn Trung k v Nam k hu ht l thuc v ging Lm T, m ngi l ngic cng khai ha hn ht, hin thnh ra mt nhnh ln gi l Liu Qun. K ra Pht gio v thi cha Nguyn ny, ngoi my ngi chp trn, cn c nhiu bc Cao Tng khc na, chng qua phi mt thi gian bin lon Ty Sn,cha chin h nt; nhng ci c th lu li lm s liu cho ngy nay, u b tiu tan mt ht. Nn by gi ngi nghin cu lch s tm c du tch ghi li phng danh v th h ca cc ngi cng kh, hung tm cho r tiu truyn ca mi ngi li cng kh hn na. M ci iu sau ny ta c th ni: ch l s may mn ca lch s. Hai ngi di ny cng l Danh Tng trong thi Nguyn Cha: Trung nh Ha thng: Ngi khng bit ngi u, tn g v thng tr trong nh, nn ngi ta gi tn y. Ngi thng i kht thc cc lng, trong mnh thng eo ba ci b. Mt ci nu ai cho c tht g cng ly b vo ri cho k n xin khc; mt ci ng mn n chay ngi dng; cn mt ci ln khng, h ti u th ngi treo ln mi nh m ngi vo. m th tr tng, ngy th lang thang khp nitrng hnh dung nhp nha, tc x, o qun khng c phi ng kh, tr con trng thy u s hi (ci danh t ng ba b da tr con c t thi y - khong i cha Nguyn Phc Thun (1765-1777). Khi tu hnh c o, ngi tu xin lp ha n cha Thin M, b co cho thin h bit. Khi mi ngi xin ngi lu li cho mt cht di th, th ngi a ln mt ngn tay. Khi t, la bc theo gi lch ci m Quan m ca ngi i do vua ban, ngi ly tay sa li, ming lun lun tng kinh. Ngi i xem ng nh kin, ginh nhau ly trm hng ling vo ha n. Thiu xong, qu nhin cn mt ngn tay khng chy. Ngi ta nht tro y xy thp th bn cha Thin M . By gi ngi Php Vn Ha thng c tng ngi bi th rng : K nin y bt k phong trn, n ng thuyn c nguyn ha thn.

Mng huyn hnh hi tng lit dim, Sc khng tm s ph yn vn. Thn th Ty nin nin ti, Danh b thuyn mn nht nht tn. Kim c nhn khan m tiu l, Bt tri nh th hu h nhn ? Dch : Phong trn ln by nhiu nm, Ng c c thuyn cht cng cam. Ngn la t tn thn o mng, Ln my bay vi nim t am. Tinh thn phng pht min Ty , Danh ting vang lng t Vit Nam. D chuyn xa nay xem li th, Nhng ngi nh th c bao lm ? Bi ng Tng: Ngi ngi tnh Qung Ngha, huyn Bnh Sn; nm 12 tui u thuyn ti cha Ph Phc. Ngi tu hnh rt chn chnh, tr gii rt tinh nghim. Vua tng chc Ha thng v ban php hiu l Long K i S. Khong nm Qu T (1773) i cha Nguyn Phc Thun (1765 - 1777) (sau truy tn Du Tn Hong ), b gic Ty Sn xng lon, ngi bn ln vo kinh s chu mt ch v nhm hp cc Tng , chiu m ngha dng, ng lng dp gic. Vua phong cho ngi lm chc Khm Sai V Quc Soi . Sau ngi cng vi gic nh nhau ti Qung Nam va mt. Di y l nhng vic lm ca Nguyn cha trong thi ny :

Nm Tn Su th 14 (1601) i cha Nguyn Hong (sau truy tn Thi T Gia D Hong ) dng nn cha Thin M 57 .Tc truyn : Trc dn quanh vng c thy mt b gi mc o , ngi trn ci i t y, ni rng: ri y s c mt v chn ch n cai tr, lp cha y cho t linh kh, vng bn long mch. Ni xong, b gi bin mt. Sau cha Nguyn Hong vo trn t Thun Ha, nhn dn thng gi l cha Tin, nghe chuyn y lin lp cha v t tn l Thin M (ngha l b gi linh thing trn tri). Nm t T (1665), nm th 17 i cha Nguyn Phc Tn (1648 - 1687) (sau truy tn Thi Tn Hiu Trit Hong ), sc sng tu cha Thin M. Nhng nht l n i Minh Vng Nguyn Phc Chu (1691-1725) (sau truy tn Hin Tn Hiu Minh Hong ), cha Thin M mi hon thnh. Vua l ngi rt st sng cng o Pht, trong mt thi gian di ngi, bit bao nhiu cha thp bi vua dng nn hay sa li. S chp v khong vua sng tu cha Thin M rng : Nm Canh Dn th 19 (1710), i cha Nguyn Minh Vng, ma h thng t, sau khi trng tu cha Thin M xong ri, vua sc c mt qu chung ln nng 3.285 cn. Chung y hin nay hy cn, khc nm Canh Dn (1710) vo khong Vnh Thnh (1705-1719 ) i vua L D Tn nm th 6 (1710) . Nm th 2 nin hiu Vnh Thnh L D Tn, vua Nguyn Minh Vng li gi mua bn Trung Hoa ba Tng Kinh, Lut, Lun, em v cha. Vo khong nm 1738-1744, V Vng Nguyn Phc Hot sc trng tu cha Thin M rt l trng l v sai ngi qua Trung Hoa thnh i Tng kinh hn 1.000 b v ti cha. V Vng l ngi m o, ngi t hiu l Thin Tng o nhn. Xem vy thy Pht gio thi ny li c c phc hng. Li nhn thy mt iu: trc ngi Liu Qun th phn nhiu cc Thin s ng trong l ngi Trung Hoa c. Xt ngay s Trung Hoa th by gi (i cha Nguyn Phc Hot) (1738 - 1765) vua Trung Hoa l Thanh Cao Tn (tc Cn Long) (1736 -1785). Li xt Pht gio s ca Trung Quc thy chp: Mt i nh Thanh, vua Thi T, vua Cao Tn ht sc phc hng Nho gio, i vi Pht gio tuy c bo h, nhng khng c chu o lm. Cn v Lt Ma gio th gi theo chnh sch nh Nguyn. Li chp: ng thi tuy vn c cc tn: Hoa

Nghim, Thin Thai, Mt, Thin, Php tng, Tnh v.v...nhng tht Tng t ai thu hiu n gio l, v Pht gio ti thi i suy i ri 58. Pht gio Trung Quc by gi suy i cng l bi trong nc khng yn, sut mt i vua Cn Long, chng my lc c thi bnh. Nhng bc Cao Tng thy Tng trong nc ngy mt suy i, nn mi i sang nc ta gio ha. C xem khp gii Trung k ngy nay, c bao nhiu cha cn di tch, rt nhiu l ca cc Thin s ngi Trung Hoa lp ra, thi bit tnh hnh Pht gio thi y. Trong triu Nguyn cha, li c my ln i cu kinh, u khng Ba tng, nhng cng cn b c cht t vo s kinh sch b nh Minh tch thu. ---o0o--Chng chn - PHT GIO TRONG THI K CN I (TRIU NGUYN) Sau , Nam triu c vua Ty Sn ni ln cha Nguyn b mt quyn. Trong my nm tri vic chnh tr trong nc b ri ren, ngoi Bc cha Trnh cng khng gi ngi cho nh L c na. Vua Chiu Thng phi chy sang Trung Hoa, vua Ty Sn thng nht thin h. Khng bao lu, cha Nguyn Phc Anh mn qun Php v dit c Ty Sn v lp nn nh Nguyn nht thng, ly nin hiu l Gia Long. T lc vn nc thay i, Pht gio cng bt u nh n v ln n suy i, v b tri qua mt trn chin tranh vi Ty Sn, cha chin b ph hy, Tng chng lon lc, nn d sau khi bnh nh, cng ch cn li nhng cnh tng s si m thi. T y tr i trong lch s khng thy chp g cn c mt giai on v vang cho lch s Pht gio na. Di y l nhng vic ca nh vua i vi Pht gio: Nin hiu Gia Long nm t Hi (1815), vua sc sa li cha Thin M v triu ngi Mt Hong vo kinh cp bng Tng Cang. (Ngi ngi Bnh nh, sau khi xut gia, lu ng cc min trong tnh Gia nh. Sau ngi c Tr tr cha Quc n-mt ngi rt c cng ln cha Quc n).

Nm Minh Mnh th by (1826), sc lp li cha Thnh Duyn (nguyn cha Thnh Duyn dng vo i Nguyn Cha Nguyn Phc Chu, sau truy tn Hin Tn Hiu Minh Hong (1691 - 1725), sau b Ty sn ph hy (cha gn ca b T Hin, Tha Thin). Nm th II (1822) vua sc cc nh s ngoi tnh n kinh, do b L xt ri ban cp ip Nm Gip Thn nin hiu Thiu Tr th t (1844) vua vng di chc ca c Minh Mng, sc xy chaThin M mt ngi thp ln 7 tng gi l T Nhn thp, nm sau i li l Phc Duyn bo thp. Cng trong nin hiu y, vua sc lp cha Diu (ch ny nguyn xa l mt khun vn ca mt ngi v dng Thch-l, tng truyn sau l ph ngi , sau khi ln ngi ngi i ph lm cha). Nin hiu T c th ba (1849), ngh chun cc quan t (cha cng) nh Thin M, Gic Hong.v.v... mi ni u phi c Tng Cang mt ngi ch huy Tng chng, trng nom cha, u c lng bng chi cp. Nm th by (1853) thng 12, vua sc cp cng in cho cc cha ti kinh nh: Thin M, Diu , Thnh Duyn, Linh Hu, Long Quang, v cc cha ngoi kinh nh Tam Thai, ng Chu (QungNam), Khai Tng (Gia nh). Ngoi ra cc khon sc v cng l nh rm Trung thu, Thnh Th, Vn Th v.v. . . rt nhiu. ---o0o--CC V DANH TNG TRIU NGUYN Ph Tnh Ho thng: Ngi hy l o Minh thy Vin Nht, ngi Qung Nam. Nin hiu Gia Long th by (1898) vng sc lnh b Hiu Khng Hong Thi hu Tr tr cha Thin Th (tc Bo Quc by gi). Ngi tch vo nm Gia Long th 15 (1816). An Thuyn i s: Khng r ngi tn h l g, ch bit ngi cha i Gic B Sn (thuc tnh Bc Ninh), ngi tu hnh tinh tn, hc hnh kim ton. Vo khong nin hiu Minh Mnh th 6 n th 9 (1825 -1828), ngi c lm b sch o Gio nguyn lu ba quyn, c lu hnh. Nht in Ha thng : Ngi hy Tnh Thin ngi Qung Tr. Ngi ng nin xut gia th vi Ha thng Ph Tnh, th gii vi Ha thng Mt Hong. Nm Minh Mnh th 14 (1833), ngi sung chc Tr tr cha Linh Hu, ngi c t khng c; nm th 20 ngi li c sc thng chc Tng

Cng cha Gic Hong. Nin hiu Thiu Tr th ba (1843), ngi xin php t chc dng lo, ngi c c hai cu : Hnh phng tu c nhng hi lo, Nht bt c thn vn l du. (Gi ri, may c vua thng, Mt thn, mt bt, rng ng vn du.) (Nguyn Lang dch, sd, tr. 697). Sau ngi c lm am An Dng (sau khi ngi tch, Thi Gim vin dng cha gi l T Hiu, tc T Hiu by gi). Ngi tch vo nm Thiu Tr th by (1847), th 64 tui. Diu Gic Ha thng: Ngi h , hy Hi Thun, ngi lng Bch Kh (Qung Tr), 13 tui vo cha Bo Quc, 20 tui th th gii vi ngi Bn Gic Ha thng. Nm Minh Mnh th 16 (1835), c ban cp Gii o ip, v c ngi Nht in truyn php cho. Ngi c lm Tr tr, Tng Cang cha Diu , ng trng tu cha Hu Lm, cha Bo Quc v cha Kim Tin. Nm Thnh Thi th 6 (1895), ngi m i Gii n cha Bo Quc. n nm sau th ngi tch, th 91 tui. t c php ca ngi l ngi Tm Qung, Tm Th, Tm Truyn, Tm Tnh v.v . . . Gic Ng Ha thng: Ngi t hiu l Sn Nhn, ngi tnh Gia nh. Nguyn trc i lm vic quan p xy thnh; mt hm ph trong vin thy mt tng Pht, ngi lin xin thi vic, mang tng vo rng khng giao thip vi ngi i na v khng ai bit i u. c t lu, ngi tnh Ph Yn thot thy Sn Nhn trong cha hang xm ni. Xm y c nhiu cp, ngi trong xm lp cha m khng dm n l. Lc thy Sn Nhn ai cng tht kinh, hi ngi sao khng s cp ? Ngi p : Cp mc cp, mnh mc mnh, cn g m s ? Ngi thng n rau c khng dng go cm. Mt khi c dch kh ni ln cc ni ngi cht rt nhiu, ngi trong xm xin ngi cu o cho nn c yn. H em vic y trnh quan. Va lc y quan Tun trong tnh c ngi con au bng, thy thuc cha khng khi. Quan lin khin hai vin i i mi Sn Nhn. Ngi hi :

- Tnh ng no ? H ch v hng ng. Ngi bo h i trc. Hai vin i ci nga v tnh th thy ngi n ri. Quan mi ngi vo thm bnh cho con, ngi lin c mt cu ch, thnh lnh nghe mt ting st, v thy nh mt ci bng tm la t trong bung vt ra, tc th con quan lnh bnh. Quan tnh em vic y tu v triu; vua Minh Mnh sc triu ngi v ni, hi vic u ui, vua thng rt hu, ngi u t t khng ly. Vua khen rng : - Ngi xa c ni : Thun nht bt tp l Ha , Vn loi xng tn l Thng . Sn Nhn tht ng hai ch y. Lin ban hiu l Sn Nhn Ha thng. Li sc cc v Ha thng cc cha phi i hiu Tng Cang, t rng cn thua Ha thng mt bc (t danh hiu Ha thng mi l danh hiu c bit, t ngi c nhm chc ). Sn Nhn mc qun o ton bng v cy, ly hai ming g lm guc m i mau lm. Vua sc ngi cha Gic Hong, nhng c mt thng ngi tu xin v ni : sau khng bit ngi i u. Ngoi ra cn thy s chp my v Thin s na, nh : Liu Tnh Thin s, Phc Ch Ha thng, Gic Minh Ha thng, Tng Th Ni c u l nhng bc tu hnh c o. Xt v nhng iu kin tn ngng ca cc nh vua v nhng bc tu hnh tuy cc ngi vn tu hnh o c - nh trn k, ta c th bit ngay Pht gio v i triu Nguyn ny s si lm. Tri cc triu vua, nht l triu vua Thiu Tr, ngi l mt ng vua ht lng sng phng v rt st sng vi o Pht. Nhng s nghip xy dng cho Pht gio v thi ny, ngi l ngi ng cho ta chp vo lch s hn ht. Nhng tht ra Pht gio v thi ny km lm ri, nn d cc triu vua vn tn ngng sng phng, lm cha c tng m tinh thn Pht gio vn suy.

n y, t trn vua quan cho n th dn, ai ai cng an tr o Pht l s cng cp cu o ch khng bit g khc na. V phn ng h ch trng ng thy ch danh vng chc tc, mc d ng thy y thiu hc thiu tu. Bi t hi y, lm cho Tng trong nc ln ln sa vo con ng try lc c bc ru ch, m trc thanh, sc.. Tuy vy, min Trung ng Bc k v k lut Tng-gi b ngoi cn gi c nghim chnh i cht, ch nh Trung k phn nhiu th h c v c con mt cch cng nhin, khng cn y ny, nht l Nam k ng thy, b vi li cng hn n hn na. Cng v tnh trng y m to nn hi ln ngy nay, n ni gn 15 nm li y, hin tng suy i y cng biu din n ch i bi; phn ng Tng ch ngh n danh vng, chc tc : xin bng Tng Cang, Tr tr, Sc t .v.v.. mt phng din khc th ch bit cng cp, cu o, ph ch (ph ch thnh ph thy ha) lm tay sai cho cc nh vua cha, quan quyn, ph h, thay v h cu o cng cp lm k sinh nhai, hoc phi chm vic ng ng c th nui sng hng ngy; cn mt hng na ch gi mnh cho c thanh nhn, n chi tiu khin bo l gii thot ...i ! Tinh thn Pht gio n y hu tuyt dit ? Bi vy cc cnh cha trong nc thnh nhng cnh gia nh ring, khng cn g l tnh cch on th ca mt tn gio na. H sng trong Pht gio hu ht ch cn dt v qun! Qun khi phi bit n bn phn bn phn chi chnh ca mt Tng ! trong Tng th nh vy, ngoi tn c s th cng ng ngc a, tin bng theo cn, t ai l ngi hiu o l. Trong Lch s Pht gio Vit Nam, ta c th nh vo y mt du than (!) rt to tng59 ---o0o--Chng mi - PHT GIO HIN I Tuy nhin, t nm trc Bc cng c C t Vnh Nghim (Thanh Hanh), s c T Cc (Phan Trung Th), s c Bng S (Dng Vn Hin); Trung c ngi Tm Tnh, ngi Hu Php, ngi Phc Hu; Nam c ngi Khnh Ha thnh thong m trng ging dy. Nh vy, o php cng cn lu li nh hng cht t. Li cch y trn 10 nm, nh nh hng chn hng Pht gio Trung Hoa m nc ta li c phong tro vn ng chn hng Pht gio. Nhng ngi

khi xng u tin l ngi Khnh Ha v s Thin Chiu (sau v trong cng vic vn ng phi b nhiu tr lc, ngi Thin Chiu tc gin b v tc) cng cc ngi Tng-gi, c s khc lp thnh Nam k nghin cu Pht hc hi (1931) Nam. Ri ln n Trung k c ngi Gic Tin, ng L nh Thm (c s) ban u m o trng cha Trc Lm, mi ngi Phc Hu cha Thp Thp - Bnh nh lm ch ging; sau ln n nhm c s lp thnh Pht hc hi (1932); Bc c s Tr Hi cng c Nguyn Nng Quc v cc ngi i c, c s khc lp Bc k Pht gio Tng hi (1934). Ba min u c m o trng c, Bc c trng Tng cha Qun S, trng Ni cha B- o Bc k Pht gio hi t chc; Trung c Pht hc vin cha Ty Thin, u tin do cc thy i c v mt nhm thanh nin trong Sn mn t chc, hin nay giao li cho ton th Sn mn qun c; li c Pht hc vin cha Bo Quc do Pht hc hi t chc, duyn khi thnh lp u tin l thy Ging s Mt Kh, v trng Ni cha Diu c do mt nhm n c s t chc; trong Nam th c Pht hc vin do hi Lng Xuyn Pht hc Tr Vinh t chc. Ngoi ra, hi no cng xut bn tp ch hong dng Pht php; Nam c bo T Bi m, Duy Tn; Trung c tp ch Vin m; Bc c bo uc Tu .v..v Thnh thong li c mt vi v s tr thc v nhng nh c s, hc gi ngoi cng vit sch truyn b Pht l . . . Ni tm li th Pht gio hin thi c phn chn hng. Nhng c mt tr lc m cha c Hi no hay mt Sn mn no gii quyt, l: C ng th hi no cng c ng bng Quc vn l nn vn ph thng, nhng kho kinh in trit l nh Pht vn cn nguyn khi bng Hn vn .V du tch i bi iu tn ca ngy qua, hin nay vn cn lu hnh li r rt v c th lc. Nn tht ra c my hi Pht hc y ngoi my vic xy hi qun, lm cha v c ng mt s ng ngi quy y, cn cha hi no lm c vic g v i c v nh cch cho nn Pht gio c. Trong lc ny, i a s Tng trong cc Sn mn vn ng m mng thim thip, cha lm mt vic g t r l ngi thc tnh. Cho nn tuy hin gi c phong tro chn hng m k thc mi l chn hng hnh thc v danh hiu. Mt nn Pht gio chnh n, in tung ng i mt cuc t chc tng lai do mt phng php ci to hon ton chn chnh. Chng ti rt mong . . .

---o0o--Ph lc - NHNG GING K CA CC PHI Nhng ging k ca cc phi Thuyn tn hin hnh trong Pht gio x ta (nhng ging k y cng nh nhng ging ch Hng, ng, Bu, Vnh...ca bn Hong phi vy) i vi lch s Pht gio khng c g quan h lm, tuy nhng ch y l nh du s truyn thng v mi i. Nhng xt hin nay n vn c th lc nhiu cc Tng , tn khi quy y, th k vn ly lm th lp m t php danh. Nn nay nhn tin cng xin ph lc ra y ngi ng o xem qua cho bit. * Xt ngi Ngha Huyn lp tn Lm T truyn n i 21 l ngi Vn Phong Thi y cha Thin ng (Trung Hoa) xut ra bi k : T o gii nh tn, Phng Qung chng vin thng, Hnh vin minh thc t, Liu t ng chn khng. Nh nht quang thng chiu. Ph chu li ch ng Tn hng sanh phc hu, Tng k chn t phong. i : Tng gii inh tu ca T o ng ln chng vin thng Hnh sng vt thc t t ng c chn khng.

Nh nh mt tri thng chiu sng Khp ni u c li ch nh nhau, Hng thm ca lng tin sanh phc hu Tng tc lm hng thnh ngn gi t. (Nguyn L dch tham kho nm 2004). Bi k ny c ch chp 4 cu, c ch chp c 8 cu. C nhiu ngi ni nguyn bi k ch c 4 cu u, cn 4 cu sau l ngi sau ni thm, m c l l ngi Minh L cha Thp Thp Bnh nh (xem li bn H). Truyn n i 22 l ngi Bo Tng cho n i 31 l ngi o Mn ( cha Thin Khai, Trung Hoa), ngi xy li chia ra ging k khc : o bn nguyn thnh Pht t tin, Minh nh hng nht l trung thin. Linh nguyn qung nhun t phong ph, Chiu th chn ng vn c huyn. i : Gc o vn thnh Pht, T tin, Sng nh mt tri rc r gia khng trung, Ngun linh thm rng, t phong lan ta, Ngn n chn tht chiu sng th gian vn treo cao mun i. (Nguyn L dch tham kho nm 2004). Ngi ny truyn cho ngi Bn Khao Khon Vin, ngi Khon Vin truyn cho ngi Hon Bch Nguyn Thiu Siu Bch, ngi Siu Bch truyn cho ngi Minh Hong T Dung, Minh Hi Php Bo, Minh Vt Nht Tr, Minh Hnh Ti Toi v.v. . .

Ngi T Dung Minh Hong truyn cho ngi Thit Diu Liu Qun (ngi ny khai sn cha Thuyn Tn c tc bi k - xem truyn ngi trc). Ngi Minh Hi Php Bo ngi Phc Kin, qua An-nam tnh Qung Nam khai sn cha Chc Thnh bit xut mt ging k : Minh thit php ton chng n chn nh th ng, Chc Thnh th thin cu, K quc t a trng c chnh lut vi tuyn, T o hnh gii thng. Gic hoa B- th, Sung mn nhn thin trung. i : Hiu thu php chn tht, n Chn nh hin tin. Cu Thnh qun tui th, Chc t nc vng bn. Gii lut nu trc tin, Gii v hnh ni lin. Hoa n cy gic ng, Hng thm lng nhn thin. (Nguyn Lang, sd, tr. 594).

Ngi Minh Vt Nht Tr truyn cho i 35 l ngi Thit Thoi Tnh Tng, i 36 ngi T Gic Qung Chu cho n i 41 ngi Tr Thng. Bch Dung li bit xut ging k : Tr hu thanh tnh, o c vin minh. Chn nh tnh hi, Tch chiu ph thng. Tm nguyn qung tc, Bn gic xng long. Nng nhn thnh qu, Thng din khoan hong. Duy truyn php n, Chnh ng hi dung. Kin tr gii hnh, Vnh k t tng. i : Tr hu thanh tnh o c vin minh Bn tnh ca chn nh Lng chiu khp tt c Ngun tm tip tc m rng Gc gic c hng thnh

Thnh qu bc Nng nhn Mi tip tc m rng Nhm truyn php n Gic ng ngn chnh c dung hi Kin tr gii hnh . Mi ni tip t tng. (Nguyn L dch tham kho nm 2004). Ngi Minh Hnh Ti Toi Nhn Thp Bc k cng bit xut mt ging k : Minh chn nh bo hi, Kim tng ph chiu thng. Ch o thnh chnh qu, Gic ng chng chn khng. i : Lm sng t bin bu ca chn nh im lnh qu bu chiu khp o rt ro thnh chnh qu Gic ng chn khng. (Nguyn L dch tham kho nm 2004). Li xt ngi Thanh Nguyn Hnh T Thin s hc tr ngi Lc T, ngi Thanh Nguyn bt u truyn cho ngi Thch u Hy Thin, ngi Hy Thin truyn cho ngi Tnh Tr Lng Gii ha thng ng sn lp ra tn To ng, ri truyn cho ngi Tri Giao Nht C. Ngi Nht C c xut bi k :

Tnh Tr vin thng tn t tnh, Khoan gic o sanh th chnh tn. Ml hnh nhn c xng lng hu, ng ph chiu, hong php vnh trng. i : Tr thanh tnh vin thng, tnh t bi cao tt Sanh vo con ng gic ng rng ri l tm chn chnh Mt hnh nhn t gi l tr tu thin lnh n chiu khp ni, hong php mi mi. (Nguyn L dch tham kho nm 2004). Ngi ny sau qua An-nam truyn tm php cho ngi Thy Nguyt, Thy Nguyt truyn cho Tn in v.v... V cc ging phi nh trn, ging Lm T truyn Trung k rt nhiu; hin nay khp Trung Nam. Cn ging To ng truyn Bc rt thnh. * T liu nghin cu v:60 A. T Nguyn Thiu 1. Tiu s cha Quc n 61 Cha Quc n l mt T nh ln v xa nht ca Pht gio Thun Ha. Vo cui th k th XVII, mt Thin s Trung Quc t Quy Ninh ra, vo ca T Dung ln cha Ph Thnh, H Trung mt thi gian, ri li ln ti chn i Hn Thin cm tch trng, dng tho am Vnh n. V Thin s chnh l ngi Hon Bch m ngi ta thng gi l T Nguyn Thiu. Tho am c dng trong khong 1682 n 1684. Thi gian ny ang vo i cha Nguyn Phc Tn (1648-1687). Vo i cha Nguyn Phc Thi (1687-1691) nin hiu Chnh Ha nm th 10 (1689) ca vua L Hy Tng

nh hu L, ngy 27-5 K T, cha ph chun mt sc lnh min gim tt c thu t rung cho nh cha v i hiu cha thnh Quc n T, cha li phi ngi Nguyn Thiu Hon Bch sang Trung Quc thnh danh Tng v lp gii n, nhng ngi Thch Lim khng qua vo thi gian ny. Khi v, T Nguyn Thiu chi thnh v c nhiu php kh v Pht tng...c l sau chuyn ny th ngi c cha Nguyn phi v tr tr cha H Trung. T Nguyn Thiu vin tch ngy 19-10 Mu Thn-Ty lch l ngy 20-11728. Thp ngi hin nay pha nam n Nam Giao, p Thng Mt, thn Dng Xun Thng. Ton b cnh thp c cn nguyn vn. bnh phong pha trong ca thp dy 0m60 v cao hn lm30, c xy cng mt tm bia. y l bia ca i Vit Quc Vng tc cha Ninh Vng Nguyn Phc Th (1725-1738) ban thy hiu cho T l Hnh oan Thin s. Tn bia l Sc t H Trung T Hon Bch thin s thp K Minh. Lc khon: Bo Thi thp nin t nguyt s bt nht ban phng lp". Bo Thi l nin hiu th hai (1720-1729) ca vua L D Tng Thng Long-Bc H, cc cha Nguyn tuy ct c phng Nam, song vn dng nin hiu vua L t ph L dit Trnh. Cha Ninh Vng (vit N) khi lm vi cha Minh Vng (vit M) l Nguyn Phc Chu (1691-1725). Khi Tr tr cha Quc n, T Nguyn Thiu c xy mt thp Ph ng ti y. Nhng n i Ty Sn, thp b nt. V sau, lc trng kin cha, ngi ta khng xy li thp na. Ti cha Quc n hin nay, v pha tay phi sn (i vo) c tm bia , ngi ta thng gi l bia Quc n. Bia ny chnh l bia thp T c Ha thng Liu Nhn T Hiu sao chp nguyn vn v cho khc li y nh nguyn bn cch khc bia thp c. Vo nm 1914, bia cn dng hng hin sau cha. Trong cc k trng tu v sau th ngi ta mi em ra v tr hin c hin nay. i din v pha ty sn cha l mt tm bia c chy hoa vn v chm u bia nhng trong lng khng c ch g. Bia do Ha thng Liu Nhn T Hiu trng khc cng xa hn 100 nm nay, ch tic l ngi khng ngy thng trng khc, nn c th to s lm ln cho hu th. Ha thng Liu Nhn T Hiu Tr tr T nh Quc n t nm 1882 n 1890. ---o0o--2. S lc Tiu s T Nguyn Thiu 62

T Nguyn Thiu, Php t l Hon Bch, ngi huyn Trnh Hng, ph Triu Chu, tnh Qung ng. Nm 19 tui, ngi xut gia ti cha Bo T, tu hc di s hng dn ca Ha thng Khong Vin 63. Ngi theo thuyn bun sang i Vit nm 1665 trong i cha Nguyn Phc Tn. Ban u ngi c tr ti ph Quy Ninh (Bnh nh by gi), sau lp cha Thp Thp Di . Cha ny ta lc lng Thun Chnh, huyn Tuy Vin; sau cha c mi ngi c thp Chm cho nn cha c gi l cha Thp Thp. Sch i Nam Nht Thng Ch ni rng cha ny lp nm 1683, nin i ny c l l nin i hon tt cha sau nhiu nm xy ct. Nm 1691, cha c cha Nguyn Phc Chu ban cho bin ngch v cu i. Sau T Nguyn Thiu li ra Thun Ha dng cha Quc n v xy thp Ph ng. Cha Quc n ta lc ti p Phc Qu. Cha cng c cha Nguyn Phc Chu ban cho lin i c ghi o hiu ca cha l Thin Tng o Nhn. Sch i Nam Nht Thng Ch ni rng thp Ph ng c xy trc cha Quc n, sau b binh la tn ph. Sch i Nam Lit Truyn Tin Bin ni rng T Nguyn Thiu c phng mnh cha Nguyn Phc Tn sang Qung ng rc Ha thng Thch Lim (i Sn) v thnh Php kh. Bia cha Quc n do cha Nguyn Phc Chu nm 1729 cng ni : Thin s Hon Bch t Nguyn Thiu cha H Trung vng lnh Ngha Vng qua Qung ng mi Ha thng i Sn. Xt k T Nguyn Thiu cha tng mi Ha thng Thch Lim; cng qua i Vit vi T Nguyn Thiu cng c nhng Thin s khc nhng khng c mt Ha thng Thch Lim. Sch Hi Ngoi K S do ngi Thch Lim vit cho bit ngi sang i Vit nm 1695 vi mt ngi bn v nhiu t ca ngi ch khng i vi T Nguyn Thiu. Sch k li chuyn ngi ti thm cha H Trung l ni T Nguyn Thiu Tr tr theo li thnh ca cha Nguyn. Ti y ngi khng gp T Nguyn Thiu m ch gp mt v gim l mi th gii T-khu vi ng my thng trc ti gii n Thin Lm. Mt v gim t mi th T-khu th chc chn khng phi l T Nguyn Thiu, ngi khai sn hai t nh ln l Thp Thp v Quc A6n. iu cho ta thy rng T Nguyn Thiu tch trc nm 1695, tc l nm Ha thng Thch Lim ti i Vit Nin i 1729 bia Quc n ch l nin i dng bia ch khng phi nin i nhp dit ca T Nguyn Thiu.64 Sch i Nam Lit Truyn Tin Bin ni T Nguyn Thiu th 81 tui. Vy ngi mt vo nm no v sinh vo nm no ? Ta bit khi T Nguyn Thiu mt, cha Nguyn Phc Chu ban cho ng thy hiu l Hnh oan Thin S. Nh vy ta c th bit chc rng T Nguyn Thiu mt vo khong t nm

1691 tc l nm cha Nguyn Phc Chu ln ngi n nm 1695 tc l nm qua i Vit ca Thin s Thch Lim. Nh vy T sinh vo khong 1610 -1614 v qua i Vit vo khong t nm 51 n nm 55 tui. Sch i Nam Lit Truyn Tin Bin c nhc n chuyn cha Nguyn Phc Trn nh T Nguyn Thiu qua Trung Hoa mi Cao Tng v thnh Php tng, Php kh. Thng ta Mt Th trong sch Vit Nam Pht gio S lc 65 c ni rng sau khi T Nguyn Thiu v i Vit, cha Nguyn Phc Trn c cho t chc gii n ln ti cha Linh M. Cha thy c ch no chp nh th. Theo Thng ta Mt Th, chuyn i ca T Nguyn Thiu sang Qung ng c mc ch mi mt s Cao Tng sung vo ban Thp s truyn gii ti gii n, ng thi cng l thnh nhng Php kh (nh trng phan, chung, m) cn thit cho gii n. Ta ngh rng mt chuyn i nh vy khng th ch thnh tng Pht v Php kh v mt vi v Tng s; cho nn vic lp gii n ti cha Linh M c th c thc. D sao, gii n y, nu c, cng khng long trng bng gii n do ngi Thch Lim t chc ti cha Thin Lm nm 1695. Cha Nguyn Phc Chu khi ti gii n ni sau qu khm phc m ni : May c Lo Ha thng ti y mi c thy php mn qung i trang nghim nh vy. Nh th c ngha l t v trc cha c gii n no t chc ln nh vy, k c nhng gii n do T Nguyn Thiu t chc. Cha Nguyn Phc Chu d cn tr chc cng c i theo d xem gii n Linh M t chc di thi cha Nguyn Phc Trn. Nhng v Cao Tng no cng qua i Vit vi T Nguyn Thiu? Theo tc gi Vit Nam Pht gio S lc th cng qua vi T Nguyn Thiu c cc Thin s Minh Hnh Ti Ti. Minh Hong T Dung, Minh Hi Php Bo, Minh Vt Nht Tr. Ta khng th bit chc c tt c nhng thin s c tn trn y cng qua vi ngi Nguyn thiu hay khng. Thin s Minh Hnh chng hn, nh ta bit, qua i Vit trc ti gn 60 nm, ti kinh Thng Long vo nm 1633. Vy ta ch c th ni rng mt s cc Thin s c ln trn cng qua vi T Nguyn Thiu, m chc chn nht l nhng v lu tr ti cc T nh Thp Thp v Quc n do ngi Nguyn Thiu khai sn, nh ngi Minh Vt Nht Tr, Minh Hong nh Nhin. Nhng v ny c th l nhng php it gi T Nguyn Thiu bng s thc hay s b ; cng c th nhiu v l t trc tip ca ngi Nguyn Thiu. Mt Th khng tin nh vy, cho rng thi gian i Vit ca ngi Nguyn Thiu th nhiu m thi gian Qung ng ca ng th t, lm sao ng c th c t Cao Tng c. Tuy nhin, nu ta bit ngi Nguyn Thiu sang i Vit hi 51-55 tui, tr v Qung ng lc trn by mi tui th ta c th ni rng trong s cc v gc Trung Hoa tr tr ti hai cha Thp Thp v Quc n, c th c v l t trc tip

ca ngi Nguyn Thiu t khi ng cha b nh Thanh sang i Vit. D sao, t nht cng l by v Tng s va Hoa va Vit ng sau ng mt th h c ng nng v t vo cng tc hnh o. l cc v c tr ti Bnh nh (Thp Thp) v Thun Ha (cha Quc n) : Minh Vt Nht Tr, Minh Gic K Phng, Minh Tr Nguyt Hnh, Minh Dung Php Thng, Minh Lng Nguyt An, Thnh ng Minh Yu v Thnh Thin Php Thng. l cha k nhng v ni nghip ngi cha H Trung l cha m ngi Tr tr vo nhng nm cui cng ca i ngi. Cha H Trung ta lc ti x H Trung, huyn Ph Lc, c l c to dng ngay sau khi cha Nguyn Phc Chu mi ln ngi. V cha H Trung, thin s Thch Lim vit: oi nhn cha son in ngc, lp lnh trong b bin rng tng. Nc my man mc, trp trng bng dng, phng pht chn Bng Lai Lng Uyn". V Thch Lim c lm ba bi th. y l bi th nht : Lc liu thy thy n Phm Cung Chung thanh chiu mn h phong Trc ly tho knh ph lam ym Thch hc h lu o nh khng Hu thc hng ng suy thy thng yn ty iu lc hoa trung Vng gia t miu m sum x Hng hu linh quang t Hi ng. (Xanh my tng dng n Pht cung Chung vng theo gi thong bn song Rm tre li c ln hi ni Gnh lu my xung bng ng C chc mi ngoi mt nc

Chim xanh ht nng u gin bng Miu n vua cha thanh u qu Nh c ho quang chiu bin ng66 Tr tr ti cha H Trung khng bao lu th ngi Nguyn Thiu tch. Thy hiu Hnh oan Thin S l do cha Nguyn Phc Chu tng sau khi ngi Nguyn Thiu mt. Trc khi tch, ngi c li bi k (Xem chng tm, phi Nguyn Thiu) Thp Ha Mn c dng trn mt khu i nh xm Thun Ha, lng Dng Xun Thng. Bia cha Quc n ni v ngi Nguyn Thiu th mi n nm 1725 mi dng, do cha Nguyn Phc Chu (1725-1738) . Cha Nguyn Phc Chu khng nhng ban thy hiu cho T Nguyn Thiu m cn lm mt bi minh khc vo bia ca tng o c Thin s (xem chng tm, Phi Nguyn Thiu). ---o0o--3. Vn bia T Nguyn Thiu ti cha Quc n. Sc t H Trung t Hon Bch Thin s thp k minh Dch ngha : Bi k v bi minh thp Thin s Hon Bch cha Sc t H Trung67 Ta knh vng mnh tri m n vi trm h, g gy dy, canh cnh chng lc no qun ci o lm thin. Ngm rng nc Vit xt t khi m nc n nay lp am dng miu, thnh Tng cng Pht, rng hnh phng tin, mu cu dn nc phn thnh, tt thy u phi t mnh bung b tt c, nng vo nim lc ng hu mi c sinh thun t an, tim cn cnh gii Ho Thnh. V nh Thin s Hon Bch, vo nm inh T Ngi t Trung Hoa n, thu ban u tr tch ti ph Qui Ninh, dng cha Thp Thp Di , rng m tng gio. K n ngi v ni Ph Xun dng cha Quc n v Thp Ph ng. Tin triu, s vng mnh c Thnh Kho ta tr v Qung ng mi Ho thng Trng Th Thch lo cng cc tng Pht, php kh, chuyn i xui thun s lp c nhiu cng tch. T , s vng

ch Tr tr cha H Trung, t y, tr tu bng khai t r tn ngn ngun. Lun l nhim mu thng sut tt c nhng g trc y mnh nghe, dit tr t ngu tip ni ngun cn, khai m cho hng hu hc th C tc gii. Thin s qu qun huyn Trnh Hng, ph Triu Chu tnh Qung ng, con nh h T, sinh vo gi Tut, ngy 18 thng 5 nm Mu T. Mi chn tui t thn xut gia vi Ho thng Khong Vin cha Bo T, Php danh l Nguyn Thiu, t Hon Bch. K t ngy s xui bum n y tnh hn 50 nm. Nm Mu Thn, ngy 19 thng 10, nhc thn nhum bnh, ngi bn triu tp mn t chng lun n J nhim mu, di chc b ng, lc sp ra i cm bt vit bi k rng: Lng lng gng khng bng Rc r ngc khng hnh Rnh rnh vt chng vt Mnh mng khng chng khng. Vit xong s oan nhin th tch, trc sau tri 81 h lp. Quan li v mn dng Thp x ca Ho chng v mi ngi tha thit thnh cu ta ban k minh lu li. Ta bn ban t Thy hiu l Hnh oan Thin s, mun rng tt c mi ngi i i ngng m o lnh, ng chng qu V thng ca Nh Lai, hng phc thi bnh v lng, nhn lm bi k cng tip bi minh rng: Tr tu sng ngi Uy nghi phm hnh Trng nc u nhn Gii tr ma phc Rng lng tch nhin Uy nghim cao vi Qun thn vn khng Hong gio li vt

Bn b my m Tu nht rng soi Ngm i xem i Thi son cao ngt Bia lp ngy mng 8 thng 4 nm Bo Thi th 10 ( ?) ---o0o--B. T Liu Qun 1 Tm tt tiu s cha Thin Tn68 Hu ngi ta thng gi l cha Thuyn Tn m c cho ng biu hiu th phi gi l cha Sc t Thin Thai Thin Tng T. Cha Thin Tn l mt ngi T nh quan trng khng nhng i vi Pht gio Thun Ha m cn i vi c Pht gio Nam H. Ni quan trng v cha c b dy lch s lu di v y l ngi T nh do mt v Thin T ngi i Vit khai sn v khai sng c mt h phi Thin rt ln l phi Thin T Dung - Liu Qun cha c t Liu Qun khai sn vo khong Vnh Thnh t nin (1708), tc l nin hiu th nht (Vnh Thnh: 1705-1719; Bo Thi:17201729) ca vua L D Tng Thng Long - Bc H. Ma thu nm Nhm Tut (1742) nhm nm Cnh Hng th ba triu nh L Bc H, v i cha V Vng (Nguyn Phc Khot) nm th 5 Nam H, T th tch, nm Qu Hi (1743) nhp thp. n nm CnhHng th 9 (1748), th c s Thin K cha Tang Lin n Lng, tnh Phc Kin, Trung Hoa; nhn cuc Nam du, n bi yt thp T, mn t chng xin s vit cho bi vn bia theo cc s kin m 49 cao t ca T thut li. Bia y gi l bia Sc t Lm T chnh tng, tam thp ng th, Liu Qun Ha thng, thy Chnh Gic Vin Ng Ha Thng bi minh. Bia ny hin cn rt tt, c gn cht vo thnh pha ng, mt nhn vo thp T. Tm bia c chm tr rt p v khung tm bia vn cao hn mt thnh, bn trn trnh by mi gi. Bia bng thanh, vin bia chm lng long triu nguyt, bn di c ng vin hoa sen hnh cnh phng. Lng bia khc 24 ch u v 23 ch lc khon; vn bia khc ch chn phng, c khong mt nghn hai trm (1200) ch k c bi Minh tn thn o phong ca T. Nin i khc bia l thng t nm Cnh Hng th 9 (1748). Nm Gia Long th 14 (1815)

triu nh Nguyn, cc mn trng tu thp T c dng hai ci bia khc hai bi th v li dn hai bn bia c ni trn. Ngoi bia thp t Liu Qun, th ti pha ng cha Thin Tn, trn mt ngn i trn rt p, cn c thp nh Tng Thng Gic Nhin; ti y, trc thp c bia khc hai mt; mt trc ch nho, mt nhn vo thp ch quc ng. l bia Vit Nam Pht gio Thng nht Gio hi Tng Thng bi minh do Vin Trng Vin Ha o l Ha thng Thch Tr Th son nm K Mi, Pht lch 2522, Dng lch 1979. Bia bng mu en lng rt p. Mt bia khc na l bia Thin Thai Sn Thin Tng T S Lc Bi do Nh Nh o Nhn son. Lc khon: Thnh Thi thp tam nin, t nguyt thp lc nht Ty lch ng vi nm 1901. Bia ny nguyn chp trong Hm Long Sn Ch, mi em khc gn y thi. Bia ny cung cp rt nhiu s kin v lch s cha Thin Tn. Theo bia ny th nin i Khai sn cha Thin Tn ko n nm Qu Du (1693). Nhng theo cu vn bia thp T: Ch Tn Mi nin, t nhim ph tu, quy hng chc tn cung ph. Nhm nhim t ti, ph tc t th. t Hi ti ch Thun o... Tn Mi l nm 1691, t Hi l nm1695. Nm Qu Du, 1693 gia thi on 1691-1695 ny, lc ngi Liu Qun ang bn phng dng cha gi Ph Yn, lm sao khai sn tho am Thin Tn Thun Ha cho c? V l do ny m trc chng ti vit l tho am c T khai sn vo nm Vnh Thnh t nin (1708), theo Ha thng Mt Th vit trong Vit Nam Pht Gio S Lc vy. ---o0o--2. Vn bia minh thp T Liu Qun. Dch ngha : Bia minh thp ca Ha thng Liu Qun thuc dng Lm T chnh tn i th 35 c sc phong l Chnh Gic Vin Ng69 i, trong gio php Pht ca ta, vic trng i nht l g ? Con ngi sinh ra khng t ca t m n, cht khng vo ca t m i. Th nn ngi xa nm non t, b ng qun n, chng tic thn mng, u v vic ln sinh t. thi gio suy php mt ny m c ngi v vic ln sinh t nh Ha thng Liu Qun, tht l hy hu.

S sinh gi Thn, ngy mi tm thng 11, nm inh Mi (1667) ti lng Bch M, huyn ng Xun, tnh Ph Yn (nay l lng An Thch, huyn Tuy An, tnh Ph Yn). S h L, hy Tht Diu, hiu Liu Qun; i tu t nh. S c thin t cao ln, kh v siu qun. Su tui m ci m, ch mun xut trn, c thn sinh a n cha Hi Tn xin lu hc vi Ha thng T Vin; c 7 nm th Ha thng vin tch. S tm ra Hu l Gic Phong Lo t cha Hm Long - Bo Quc. Nm Tn Mi (1691) xung tc xut gia, va trn mt nm li tr v qu Ph Yn hng ngy bn ci nui cht. Thm thot bn nm th cha qua i. Nm t Hi (1695), S tr li Thun th gii Sa-di vi Ha thng Thch Lim. Hai nm sau, nhm nm inh Su ( 1697), th gii C tc vi T Lm Lo Ha thng. Nm K Mo (1699), S tham l khp chn tng lm, cam sng i m bc, tm thng suy ngh: C php g cao siu nht ta quyt b thn mng theo php tu hnh. Nghe nhiu bc thin ha cc ni ni: Ha thng T Dung l v kho dy ngi nim Pht, tham thin nht. Nm Nhm Ng (1701), S tm n Long Sn, tham yt Ha thng T Dung, cu php tham thin. Ha thng dy tham cu cu: Vn php quy nht, nht quy h x- Mun php v mt, mt v ch no. Ngy m tham cu, tri qua tm chn nm m khng ng c g, tm rt h thn. Ngy n nhn c Truyn ng Lc n cu Ch vt truyn tm, nhn bt hi x Ch vt truyn tm, ch ngi khng hiu bng nhin ng nhp. Song v bin ni xa cch, khng th trnh by ch ng vi Thy. Mi n xun Mu T (1708) mi tr li Long Sn cu Ha thng T Dung chng minh, em cng phu tham cu trnh xin n chng, n cu Ch vt truyn tm, nhn bt hi x", Ha thng dy: Huyn nhai tn th, t khn tha ng; tuyt hu ti t, khi qun bt c "Vc thm bung tay, t mnh ng ly; cht i sng li, di ng sao c. Th no, th no, ni xem. S v tay ci ln: Ha ha! Ha thng dy: cha nhm. S tha: Bnh chy nguyn th thit" Ci cn nguyn l st. Ha thng dy: Cha nhm. Hm sau, Ha thng dy: Cng n ngy qua cha ri, ni ai xem. S tha: To tri ng th ha, phn thc d a thi - Sm bit n l la, cm chai lu ri". Ha thng rt khen. Ma h nm Nhm Thn (1712), Ha thng n sch tn rng ri ton vin, S trnh bi k Dc Pht (Tm Pht), Ha thng hi: "T T tng truyn, Pht Pht th th, v thm truyn th c thm ma? - T T truyn cho nhau, Pht Pht trao nhn vi nhau, cha r trao nhn ci g?". S p:

"Thch qun tru iu trng nht trng; quy mao pht t trng tam cn Mng ny cnh di mt trng; ph pht lng ra nng ba cn. Ha thng li dy: "Cao cao sn thng hnh thuyn, thm thm hi tu m - thuyn i trn nh ni cao; nga chy di y bin su l th no?" S tha: Chit gic n ngu trit d hng, mt huyn cm t tn nht n - n cm t dy rung sut bui; tru t gy sng rng thu m. Mi mi nu ra v vo tht cu chng, Ha thng xem xong, rt vui, rt bng lng n kh. S gp c hi, ly tr bin p rt thch hp, nh np y hp, sa ha nc. C duyn rt nhiu, khng th chp ht. Nm Nhm Dn (1722), S tr li Hu , tr T nh lun trong ba nm Qu Su, Gip Dn v t Mo th theo li thnh cu ca C s T Quan h php v cc hng xut gia ti gia, m bn gii n ln. Nm Canh Thn (1740) li tn n Long Hoa truyn gii ri tr v T nh. By gi cha Nguyn qu trng o c S, c tm n cn v php i vi o v ca S nn xung chiu sc mi S vo cung, nhng S vn cao thng, ch nguyn sui rng m t t chiu ch, khng n. Ma xun nm Nhm Tut (1742) li m gii n cha Vin Thng; n ma thu nm y nhum bnh nh, ging nh khng bnh; n gia thng 10, S gi mn n dy rng: Duyn i ht, ta sp i y. Mn khc lc, S bo: Cc ngi khc ci g? Ch Pht ra i cn nhp Nit-bn, ta nay n i r rng, v tt c ch, cc ng khng nn bun khc. n thng 11 nm y, trc khi th tch my ngy, S ngi ngay thng, ly vit chp k t bit i. K rng : Hn by mi nm trong th gii, Khng khng sc sc thy dung thng, Ngy nay nguyn mn v nh c, No phi bn ba hi T tng. Tuy nhin nh vy, cu cui cng ca Lo tng hiu th no, hy ni: Nguy nguy ng ng, v v hong hong. Tch nht gi c lai, kim triu gi c kh, yu vn lai kh s nhc h. Trm trm bch thin thu nguyt hao, i thin sa gii l ton thn - Nguy nguy ng ng, sng lng rc r. Ngy

xa ci y n, ngy nay ci y i, cn hi vic n i th no. Tri xanh lng lng trng thu sng, thm gii i thin l ton thn. Sau khi ta i, cc ng hy nn ngh n v thng mau chng, sing hc Bt-nh, ch b qua li ta. Mi ngi hy nn c gng. Vo ngy 22, sng sm ung tr, ni chuyn v hnh l xong, S hi: By gi l gi g? Mn p: Gi Mi . S an nhin th tch. Cha sc lm bia k ca ngi o hnh ca S, ban thy hiu l: CHNH GIC VIN NG HA THNG. S sinh gi Thn ngy mi tm thng 11 nm inh Mi, th 76 tui; 43 nm c truyn y, 34 nm thuyt php li sinh. t ni php c 49 ngi. Hng ti gia, xut gia c li ch nh s ha o ca s c c ngn vn. Ngy 19 thng 2 nm Qu Hi, nhp thp ti pha nam ni Thin Thai thuc x An Cu, huyn Hng Tr, tnh Tha Thin. K ti gp lc i n phng nam hi han, nghe ni S o phong cao ln, hnh ha x ny, ngi v s, kh hp tm Pht t, ni i xut gia, cng hnh v kin gi chn tht, xa gn u khm phc. Rt tic ti khng kp c gp. Nay cc mn nhn v chng ngh rng: Thp lm xong, cn phi dng bia k, bit K ti l ngi trong cuc, chc bit vic trong cuc nn c bit yu cu ti vit bi minh dng bia. K ti thn mnh bt mc s si, u dm nhn lnh. Song k hn ny trong ca php, tnh php hu hn kh chi t; v li, khm phc o phong cao khit, nu khng nu cao s nghip hong php sinh ca S thi i sau khng c ai chp li. i, nu ly mt thng xem thi thy c tng sinh dit i li; nu ly mt o xem thi khng phi vy. S tuy tch dit m tht chng cnh Nitbn khng sinh khng dit, u cn tn dng. Nhng v S trong lc i c nhiu cng c, s nghip ln lao, khng th cho mai mt. Song s tng i v nhn duyn vo o ca S s cha c r ht, nn ti son li bia k ny; th nh ngi m s voi, ch ghi li c i phn m thi. Bi minh ghi rng: L nc chy,

Ngun xa dng di n tu ni la o t sng hoi Chu con v s Nh voi nh rng Ni bu bng hin Tn phong siu l Tr bin dung thng C thin nhy bn Ha duyn mn Ai ny tn phong Bn ni Thin Thai Dng thp V Phng Php thn hin l gia mun trng. Nm Cnh Hng th 9 (1748), thng T, ngy Tt, Trung Hoa, Phc Kin, Huyn n Lng, cha Tang Lin, chu trong o l Ha thng Thin K son. HT. Thch Thin Siu dch * 3. Bia chp vic cha Thin Tn ni Thin Thai Dch ngha:

Bia chp vic cha Thin Tn ni Thin Thai Cha do Tn s Liu Qun kin lp nm th 3 bn triu Hiu Minh Hong (nm Qu du, 1693 Nguyn Phc Chu), ta lc ti ia phn p Ng Ty, x An Cu, tng An Cu, huyn Hng Thy. tnh Tha Thin. Hon quan chng thi gim on Ti Hu Php danh T lm Hi ch, nm th 5 (Nhm Tut - 1742) Hiu V Hong (Nguyn Phc Khot), tc nm th 3 L Cnh Hng, T tch, truyn li T s T Hip. Hi in. Nm th 10 (inh Mo - 1747) on Ti Hu c i hng chung. Nm th 12 (1749) to rung th. Cc nm 24 n 26 (1761 - 1763) son t tu mong c ph chun cp bng, nm th 9 Hiu inh Hong (Nguyn Phc Thun - 1773), li c ph chun min thu nm th 11. Hiu inh (1775), T tch. Truyn li cho Tn s T Mn T Hun. n nm th 13 (1777) sa sang li, nm th 14 (1778) T tch, truyn li cho Ha thng i Tu Chiu Nhin. n khi qun Ty Sn dy khi, tich thu ht t in, cm Tng, ph cha, cha chin c sch ht, m Ha thng vn m thm t tu, du k Php kh, may gi li c giy t. Nm K Du (1789) b cm, Ha thng tr li tp hp Tng chng, gio php tm hng. Thng 9 nm Qi Su (1793), i th ch b c Hu pht nguyn dng nh tranh, thin tn t hi, cng ngy cng thnh. Nm K Mi (1799) Hong Thi T, tui va hai mi su, nguyn rng khp ba ngn, ht lng sng knh, li cn chn th, y cho i T M ti to sng tu, in nh trang nghim, tu quang chiu sng. Thng 5 nm Tn Du (1801). Th Tn Cao Hong thu phc c , xe v sch v mt ngi, tn sng tng gio, u i l knh Tng gi. Gia Long nguyn nin (Nhm tut 1802) thng 7, Ha thng Chiu Nhin tch, truyn li cho thu ta o Tm, l Ha thng Trung Hu. Thng 3 nm sau, tu xin li i hng chung, nhn v bn t (triu Ty Sn, hng chung ny b em lm t kh Vn Thnh) mong c chun y. By gi khai n u minh 21 ngy, cu phc n n. Thng 8, tu xin rung t Tam bo, (toa lc cc x hai huyn Ph Vang Hng Tr, hn 70 mu) nhn li phng t lun lun u qun Ty Sn ly em cp cho cc nha huyn Ph Lc), nh c thng th b H Tch Thin Hu tu t ln vua, mong c chun y.

Ba g Huyn V ca ni Thin Thai, c vua sc cm; ging xa bn cha sa li b thnh, cy hoa trong vn hi xun, n na ni gt i n, dng xy nh ngi, dng nh tranh, t chng ngy mi ng, huy hong tr li nh xa. Nhng khi qut xem sng ni my tang thng khng ng ch trong 4, 5 nm, ngc vng tr li rc r. May thay o l tun hon, hoi khng ri thnh tr. Nm th 6 (inh Mo - 1807) thng 8, cung tin i th ch hai v hong cng cha, cng b h L Nng ng tm pht nguyn, dng nh phng trng. Nm th 8 (K Ty - 1809) t chng cng tr gip nhiu, Ha thng t ngh ti s c bc, ba ln nhng li m khng c, mi theo quyt ngh ca chng, trn nh hai hong cng cha. qut rng gi huyn, mi phng tin th ng tm hng thin, chn ngy 16 thng 12 dng chnh in, tin ng, phm v tr li nguy nga. Minh Mng nguyn nin (1820) tu chun np t thu ring. Nm th 15 (1834) Ha thng tch. Truyn li cho i s Tnh Thin An C lm Tr tr bn t Thiu Tr nm th 7 (1847), rung x Triu Sn b quan tch thu t lm gch. T c nm th 6 (1853), i s n trng i ni khc. Nm th 15 (1862), s tch, truyn li cho i s Hi Nhun Phc Thim. ng Khnh nguyn nin (1886) ci sa t v. Thnh Thi nm th 7 (1895), sung lm Tng Cng cha Diu . Nm th 10 (1898) s bnh xin ngh, giao ph cho cc t Qung K . . . phung ph t in t kh sch ht. Nm th 11(1899) thng 3, cc i c cha quan cha ni, ng thng lng c c i s Tm Thin l Php t th 7 ca Ha thng Diu Gic lm Tr tr Thin Tn, va khi x Triu Sn n mch bo ly rung Tam bo sung cng, i s trnh ch sn phc bm th no. i s Tm Truyn Tng Cang Diu y tn n cha Bo Quc l H Th Diu Thin tr ph, Hng Th T, Trn Th Ninh tr lc, song v vn kh lu ngy mi mt n rch nt, kin ni rt kh, phai lm n xin sa sang vn kh, vic ny trc sau tn c 400 ng. Tuy nh sc v ca ba tn n nhng nu khng c tr ca Tng Cang th khng thm thnh tu. Thng 6, s lm n xin do c rung Tam bo lng Thn Ph. Thng 8, i di kin thit t v tr li trn nn c, cu to hu in. Nh cc i c

cha Bo Quc, Tng Vn, T Hiu, Khnh Phng tu ln Tam cung, n cp tin bc v mi phng tn cng, chng mt vn cng hon thnh. Nm th 12 (1900) thng 5, lm l khnh tn, vn php vin mn, ph d ni sng tin iu tt p, ham thch s thnh tr mi v cng. c c cn su, danh lam ny s d ba ln t ba ln tn; o khng c thnh suy, c st ny c mt ln b li mt ln hng, song u d ly l tm thng suy lun, chnh cng ti ngi v vi gio php th no vy. Bi gc su th nhnh tt, ngun xa th dng sng, nn vic ti bi hay ng nghing c mau chm khc nhau, hn khng th ni chuyn hoi khng trong mt ngy c. S i vi Nh Nh ti l Php thc (ch trong o php), i vi Ha thng Nht nh l Php tn (chu trong o php), i th 6 Php phi T s Liu Qun. Gc kia su nn cnh tt, ngn kia xa nn dng sng nhu vy c thm thy r. Phm hnh S cao siu, Nh ti t khng vong cu thi qu, ch nguyn php t ca S sm gp c ngi ti, php t tip php t, tch tr php kh, th giang sn tin tng s tt p, c thnh tr v cng vy. Thnh Thi nm 13 ngy 16 thng 4 (1901). t Nh Nh o nhn ra tay knh son. Ha thng Thch Thin Siu dch. * 4. T nh Thin Tn v cc th h truyn tha a. Lch s truyn tha: Theo lch s T nh Thin Tn, t khi khai sn cho n nay khong 300 nm, thi gian tuy khng nhiu nhng hon cnh i thay, thng trm, thun nghch khng phi t. Do , s truyn tha t th h ny sang th h khc chc c l khng t th nhiu cng c lc gp phi kh khn, bao gm vic duy tr T nh qui c, gn gi bo a gi lam, cng vi s php trin tam mn t chng, nht l vic truyn tha mng mch o php. Trong kinh s 3 Trung B, c Pht dy: Ny cc T kheo, hy l nhng ngi tha t php ca Ta, ng l nhng ngi tha t vt (misa). V nu cc ngi l nhng ngi tha t vt, khng phi l nhng ngi tha t php, th khng nhng ch cc ngi b ngi ta ni: C thy v tr u l nhng ngi tha

t ti vt, khng phi l nhng ngi tha t php, m c ta cng tr thnh ngi b ngi ta ni: C thy v tr u l nhng ngi tha t ti vt, khng phi l nhng ngi tha t php. Do vy, ny cc T kheo, hy l nhng ngi tha t php ca Ta, ng l nhng ngi tha t vt. Ta c lng thng tng cc ngi v ta ngh: Lm sao nhng t ca ta l nhng ngi tha t php ca Ta, ng l nhng ngi tha t vt. y l bc thng ip v cng quan trng trong s nghip t li-t tha hong dng Chnh php ca c Pht. Sau ngy c Pht dit , li dy ny tr thnh truyn thng tha t Php bng nhiu hnh thc biu tng khc nhau, v vy ch v T s qu kh thay nhau t th h ny n th h khc duy tr mng mch Pht php. Mt trong ch v T s y l T Liu Qun, sut cuc i ca ngi khng lm g hn l gic ng Php Pht, tha t Php Pht, v khuyn ngi khc tha t Php Pht. Sau khi T vin tch, cc t xut gia cng nh ti gia tip tc lm tt c nhng g c th lm c va th hin ng tinh thn ngi con Pht, va ghi li ni m T s tha t Php Pht. Nhn chn c nhim mnh thing ling ny, Bo thp ca T s v T nh Thin Tn c phng lp nh Php kh tn nghim, v cng l ni cho hng hu hc trn i quy ngng. Nh chng ta bit, T s Liu Qun c truyn tha t T s Minh Hong -T Dung thuc phi thin Lm T. Trc th k th 10 Thin hc Pht gio Trung Hoa gm c 5 Thin phi khc nhau vi nhiu l do: 1. V t nc Trung Hoa t rng, ngi ng v ngn ng bt ng; 2. p ng nhu cu cn thit ca nhiu hng ngi ty theo tng cn c v trnh ca tng tiu quc nh chng ta thy bi k di y: Lm T thng khoi Qui Ngng cn nghim To ng t mt Vn Mn k c Php Nhn tng minh Phi thin do ngi Lm T Ngha Huyn (?-867) sng lp khong Th k th 9 nn c tn thin phi Lm T. T s Hong B Hy Vn l thy truyn php cho s Ngha Huyn thng qua s can thip ca thin s i Ngu. Sau khi ng o vi T Hong B, Ngi Ngha Huyn truyn tha Php ng cho ngi Hng Ha Tn Tng, Tam Thnh Hu Nhin...Thin s Lm T

c ghi li bi k th tch truyn trao cho ngi sau tha t cng ging nh li Pht dy trn. Khi sp Nit-bn T bo chng: Sau khi ta tch, cc ngi khng c lm dit mt Chnh php nhn tng ca ta. Tam Thnh Hu Nhin bc ra tha : u dm lm dit mt. T li hi: V sau c ngi hi, ngi p th no?. By gi Hu Nhin Ht v khng p li no c. T bo: Ai bit, Chnh php nhn tng ca ta n bn con la m lm dit mt. T mt vo ngy 10 thng 01 nm inh hi (867). Trong nm phi Lm T, To ng, Vn Mn, Quy Ngng v Php Nhn th Lm T l mt phi thin ni ting v cn truyn n nay. Ngha Huyn l truyn nhn i th su k t Hu Nng. Thin phi Lm T k tc truyn tha n i thin s Vn Phong Thi y thuc Lm T i 21 cha Thin ng (Tnmg Quc) bit xut ra bi k: T o Gii inh Tn Phng Qung Chng Vin Thng Hnh Siu Minh Thit T Liu t Ng Chn Khng Nh Nht Quang Thng Chiu Ph Chu Li ch ng Tn Hng Sanh Phc Hu Tng K Chn T Phong. n i th 30 Lm T l thin s Vin Ng - Mt Vn c mt v t ni ting l Thng Thin - Hong Gic i th 31. Thin s Thng Thin Hong Gic li cn c mt php danh na l o Mn - Mc Trn ( cha Thin Khai, Trung Quc) Ngi ny li bit xut dng k : Bn Nguyn Thnh Pht T Tin Minh Nh Hng Nht L Trung Thin Linh Nguyn Quang Nhun T Phong Ph Chiu Th Chn ng Vn C Truyn.

Ngi o Mn truyn cho ngi Bn Khao - Khon Vin, ngi Khon Vin li truyn cho ngi Hon Bch - Nguyn Thiu hay Siu Bch m sau khi ngi Nguyn Thiu sang Vit nam v khai sn T nh Quc n - Hu. Trong i ngi Siu Bch cn c mt huynh ng mn l i Xa Siu Trng. Ngi i Xa - Siu Trng li c t l Minh Hong - T Dung, i th 34. Ngi Minh Hong - T Dung vo cui th k 17 sang Vit Nam khai sn cha n Tn ti Thun Ha v truyn cho Ngi Thit Diu - Liu Qun thuc i 35 theo bi k T o gii nh... v sau ngi Liu Qun bit xut mt dng k ca dng thin Lm T ca Pht gio ng trong ti Thun Ha: Trc gi pht th tch, T s cn dn t: Ti s ra i. S mng ca ti i ny lm xong . Cc t khc a. Ngi khuyn bo: Ti sao cc v khc? Ch Pht cn nhp Nit-bn. Ti cng vy, n i r rng, v c ni chn. Xin ng bun ru, hy tinh tn hn ln. V sau bit xut bi k : Thit T i o, Tnh Hai Thanh Trng Tm Nguyn Qung Nhun, c Bn T phong Gii nh Phc Hu, Th Dng Vin Thng Vnh Siu Tr Qu Mt Kh Thnh Cng Truyn Tr Diu L, Din Sng Chnh Tn Hnh Giai Tng ng, t Ng Chn Khng.

V cha Thin Tn t khi thnh lp n nay c 10 i k th tr tr v truyn tha theo dng k ca Ngi Liu Qun 12 i, tc n ch Nhun. b. Bng lit k cc v T s Tr tr: STT Thi gian Php danh Nm sinh Nm tch 1. 1693 - 1742 Thit Diu - Liu Qun 1667 1742 2. 1742 - 1775 T Hip - Hi in ? 1775 3. 1775 - 1778 T Mn - T Hun ? 1778 4. 1778 - 1802 i Hu - Chiu Nhin ? 1802 5. 1802 - 1834 o Tm Trung Hu ? 1834 6. 1834 - 1862 Tnh Thin An C ? 1862 7. 1862 - 1899 Hi nhun - Phc Thim ? ? 8. 1899 ? Thanh Lim Tm Thin ? ? 9. ? - 1938 Thanh c Tm Khoan 1874 1938 10. 1938 - 1979 Trng Thy Gic Nhin 1877 1979 11. 1979 - 2001 Tm Pht - Thin Siu 1921 2001 C. Vi nt v cc v Tr tr: l) T s Thit Diu - Liu Qun: Ngi thuc i th 35 Thin phi Lm T, Ngi h L qu lng Bch M huyn ng Xun, ph Ph Yn. Sinh ngy 18 thng 11 nm 1667. Ngi vin tch vo gi Mi ngy 22 thng 11 nm Nhm Tut (1742). 2) T s T Hip - Hi in: t c php ca T Liu Qun thuc i th 36 Thin phi Lm T, k th Tr tr cha Thin Tn sau khi T Liu Qun vin tch. Ngi T Hip tch nm vo 1778 . 3) T s T Mn - Tn Hun: t c php ca T Liu Qun thuc i th 36 Thin phi Lm T, k th Tr tr T nh Thin Tn sau khi Ngi T Hip vin tch. Ngi T Mn tch vo nm 1778. 4) T s i Hu - Chiu Nhin: Ngi thuc i 37 ca Thin phi Lm T t ngi T n - Lu Quang, k v tr tr T nh Thin Tn sau khi T s T Mn vin tch. Ngi vin tch thng 7 nm 1802 (Nhm Tut) . 5) T s o tm - Trung Hu: Ngi thuc i th 38 ca Thin phi Lm T. Ngi hy o Tm th danh l Nguyn Vn Hu, c l l t ca thin s i Hu - Chiu Nhin. Hin cha r qu qun v nm sinh ca ngi, ch

bit S xut gia t thu nh. Sau khi ngi i Hu - Chiu Nhin vin tch truyn li cho th ta o Tm - Trung Hu. Theo Bang trong bi Trn Vn K tp I cun Danh nhn Bnh Tr Thin tr. 100 th ngi Trung Hu c th danh l Trn Vn c c thn ph l Trn Vn K s b lin h vi mnh do vic theo Ty Sn chng i nh Nguyn, nn ngm cho con mnh vo cha, nhng vo nm 1801 th Trn Vn c mi 17 tui v sau hon tc, theo chng ti th ti liu ny khng chnh xc v theo s liu cn li ti T nh th ngi Trung Hu ln k v Tr tr cha Thin Tn sau khi ngi Chiu Nhin tch vo nm 1802 v lm tr tr lin tc n khi vin tch nm 1834. 6) Ngi Tnh Thin - An C: Khng bit r ngy thng nm sinh cng nh tiu s ca Ngi. Ch bit ngi c truyn li chc Tr tr bn t sau khi Ha thng Trung Hu vin tch. Ngi tch vo nm th 15 (1862), ngi thuc Thin phi Lm T i th 39. 7) Ngi Hai Nhun - Phc Thim: Ngi thuc Thin phi Lm T i th 40, th danh l Nguyn Hu Thim k th Tr tr cha Thin Tn nm ng Khnh Nguyn nin (1886). 8) Ngi Thanh Lim - Tm Thin: t ni php th 7 ca ngi Diu Gic Hi Thun, c Bn s ph php vi bi k : Tinh khit thanh lim o v nhn. Tm tm hy hu h nan. Tr trung dng xut lin hoa a, Php v n trim php gii khoan. - Th danh ca Ngi l ng Hy Hu, hy Thanh Lim hiu Tm Thin t l Hy Hu. Nm Thnh Thi th 11 (1899) thng 3 ngi c c c lm Tr tr T nh Thin Tn. 9) Ha thng Thanh c - Tm Khoan: S ngi thn Trung Kin, huyn Triu Phong, tnh Qung Tr. Sinh nm Gip Tut (1874) th danh l Phm Gia Khnh, ngi thn Trung Kin tng Bch La huyn ng Xng tnh Qung Tr. Ngi ng chn nhp o, th gio vi Ha thng Hi Thun Diu Gic, c bn s cho Php danh l Thanh c hiu Tm Khoan t Gia Khnh. n nm 20 tui th gii C tc ti gii n Bo Quc nm

Gip Tut (1894) do ngi Hi Thun lm ng u, sau ngi li dc bn s cho bi k c php i s: Thanh nhi Hu c tin tm thin Gia Khnh hy nhin o vnh truyn c php tu bng vi diu php H lao bit ngoi php tm huyn. Sau c Sn mn bo c lm Tr tr cha Bo Quc v k th ngi Tm Thin lm Tr tr T nh Thin Tn. S l v t ni php th 8 ca ngi Diu Gic- Hi Thun. Ngi vin tch nm 1938 trong khi ngi ang kim nhim Tr tr 3 cha l Thin Tn, Bo Quc v Kim Tin. Kim quan ca ngi c nhp bo thp pha Nam cch cha Thin Tn khong 500 mt. 10) Ha thng Trg Thy - Gic Nhin (1878 - 1979): Ha thng Php danh Trng Thy, t Ch Thm, Php hiu Gic Nhin, thuc dng Thin Lm T, Php phi Liu Qun i th 42. Ngi th danh l V Ch Thm, sinh ngy 07 thng Ging nm Mu Dn (1878) ti lng i T, x Triu i, huyn Triu Phong tnh Qung Tr. Nm 7 tui xut gia cha Ty Thin Di - Hu, th gio vi Ha thng Tm Tnh . Nm 1910, th C tc gii . Ngi c bn s cho bi k c php i s: Gic tnh t thin nhin, Sc khng bt hin tin. Vt ngoi nhn nhn s Cn tu bn l thin. Nm 1932, Ngi cng Qu Ha thng: Phc Hu, Gic Tin, Tnh Hnh v hai c s Tm Minh-L nh Thm v Trng Xng thnh lp An Nam Pht hc hi v ngi c hi c lm Gim c Pht hc ng Ty Thin. Nm 1934, c phong chc Tng Cang Quc t Tnh Duyn, cng nm ngi lm chng minh cho tp ch Vin m. Nm 1938, c Gio hi v mn phi suy c lm Tr tr T nh Thin Tn k th ngi Tm

Khoan cng nhng trch nhim khc ca Gio hi giao ph nh lm Vin trng Pht hc vin Hi c - Nha Trang, Chnh Hi trng Tng Tr s hi Pht gio Trung phn. Ngy 10.3 .1973 , Ngi c suy tn lm nh Tng Thng GHPGVNTN. Ngy 6 thng Ging nm K Mi tc ngy 02 thng 02 nm 1979, Ngi vin tch, th 102 tui i, 69 h lp. 11) Ha thng Tm Pht - Thin Siu: Ha thng ngi lng Thn Ph, Hng Thu, Tha Thin, th danh l V Trng Tng, sinh ngy 15 thng 7 nm Tn Du (1921), xut gia nm 1935, u s vi Ha thng Gic Nhin. Tr tr cha T m nm 1947, nm 1973 Tng Th k Vin Ha o GHPGVNTN, nm 1979 ngi Gic Nhin vin tch, Ha thng c mn phi c lm Tr tr T nh Thin Tn, nm 1981 Ha thng c Gio hi c lm Trng Ban Gio dc Tng Ni GHPGVN v n nay Ha thng m nhim chc v Ph Ch tch Thng trc Hi ng Tr s GHPGVN kim Trng Ban Gio dc Tng Ni v Vin trng Hc vin Pht gio Vit Nam ti Hu. ---o0o--SCH THAM KHO Hn Vn Hong Vit a D : Bn Triu Ng Ch Lch Triu Hin Chng Ch : Phan Huy Ch i Nam Nht Thng Ch : Cao Xun Dc Kin Vn Lc : L Qu n Vn i loi ng : L Qu n Khm nh Vit s Thng Gim cng mc : Duy Tn Tu Th Cuc-Ng Cc Quc Triu Chnh Bin : Bn Triu Thnh Thi nh Thn Quc Triu Tin Bin : Bn Triu Thnh Thi nh Thn Lch s nhn vt ch i Vit S k : L Vn Hu n Pht gio s (Thng Hi thng v n th qun) : Tng Duy Kiu Ty Tng Pht gio s (Thng Hi P.H th cuc) : L Gic Phc Vit Nam Thin uyn tp anh Lit T truyn Thng yu k ng lc

o gio nguyn lu : An Thuyn i S Hong Vit Gip T nin biu : Nguyn B Trc Hm Long sn ch (co bn) : im Tnh C s Kha H v cc bia k cc cha : Trn Thi Tn Quc Vn Vit Nam Vn Ha S cng : o Duy Anh Vit Nam S lc : Trn Trng Kim Th gii s : o Duy Anh Trung Quc Pht gio tiu s : Mt Th dch Vit Nam truyn thng th h : nam T (uc Tu) Vit Nam Vn hc s : Ng Tt T v cc bo ch Vin m, Nam Phong, uc Tu Php vn Le Bouddisme en An nam des origines au XIIIe sicle : H. Maspro Esquisse dune histore du Bouddisme au Tonkin : Trn Vn Gip Le premier Annamite consacr superieur de Bonzerie par les Nguyen-Son Tom beau : L. Sogny Le songe et lembassade de lEmpereur Minh: H. Maspero Pagode Quc n par R.P.L. Cadire Revuedes Amis du Vieux Hu, 1914, 161, & 1915 Pages 305, 318 Pagode Quc n par R.P.L. Cadire Revuedes Amis du Vieux Hu, 1914, 161, & 1915 Pages 305, 318 Pagode de Thin M par A. Bonhomme Revue des Amis du Vieux Hu, Pages 173, 192, 251, 286, 429, 448 ---o0o--HT

Tng Nh Lc dch . C tham kho li S b Diu Khng k do L Nh ghi nm 1985. Tiu s ny c cng b nm 2004 3 . Ng bn lai bt thuyt nht t. ng vi t tng ny Lo T ni: i bin nhc ni 4 . Ngy xa s khc bn in sch rt kh, nn ai c lm c quyn g ch ng trong nh, t khi c dp in thnh sch m cng b cho i. 5 .X thnh tr, pht T thnh oan? Cu thoi u ca phi Thin tnKim triu nguyn mn hon gia l, h tt bn man vn t tng" - Liu Qun. 6 . Pht gio lc kho - Nam Phong 40 (M cng kh tht, sch v nc ta ngy xa ghi chp ht sc lan man. n i Trn Nhn Tn li b ngi Chm ko vo cp t khp ni; i H li b tng Minh thu ht c sch v em v Kim lng (Trung Quc) trc khi Gia Long phc quc li phi my nm chin tranh vi Ty Sn nn sch v v bia k cc cha cng tiu tn mt nhiu 7 . Nay l x Piprava gn thnh Gorakrpur. pha Nam nc Npal. 8 . Nam l Rummindei ca nc Tarai. 9 . Nhng nin i Pht ging sanh ca cc thuyt : 1023 - 585 - 624 - 623 -566 - 559 557 - 487 - 456 trc Thin cha ging sanh. 10 . Nay l sng Phalgu. 11 . C sch ni Ngi 29 tui Xut gia, 35 tui Hnh o. Li c sch ni Ngi 39 tui Hnh o. 12 . Mi ngi truyn gii, tc Tam s : Ha thng n u, yt-ma, Gio th ; Tht chng l 7 v Tn chng 13 . ch vn ca o Pht trong ba i vua V, mt vua Tn, Ba V l : Thi V nh Hu Ngy, V Bc Chu, V Tn nh ng. Nht tn l Th Tn Hu Chu 14 . Phn ny hon ton tot yu trong cuc Trung Quc Pht gio tiu s ca Trn Bn Ha, Mt Th dch thut. 15 . Trong kinh Phn vng vn Pht quyt nghi. 16 . Pht gio tuy truyn vo Trung Quc t nm 67 sau Ty lch k nguyn, nhng lu v sau mi ph cp ti Giang ng. 17 . Le bouddhisme en An-nam trang 214. 18 . Trong bi Pht gio Nam lai kho ng trong Tp ch Nam phong s 128 ra thng Avril 1928. Nhng trong mt bi ca ng Trn Vn Gip in trong tp ch Vin ng Bc c nm 1930 (XXX, Pht, 151-155) ph bnh v bi Pht gio Nam lai kho; nh chnh v ni rng: Tc gi P.G.N.L.K nhn lm nm Vnh Bnh i Tn Hu (294 sau TL) vi nm Vnh Bnh i Mn (61 sau TL).Thnh ra sai n 2 th k. 19 . Le Bouddhisme en Annam ca Trn Vn Gip, trang 25. 20 . ng lc Pht gio Trung Hoa b V ch ln th hai. V nh Bc Chu Trung Hoa ph Pht gio (xem li Pht gio Trung Quc) 21 . Xem bng A 22 . La Bouddhisme en Annam, trang 31. 23 . xem bn A.
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Xem bn A. . Xem bng A 26 . Xem li on Pht gio Trung Quc 27 . Xem li on Pht gio Trung Quc trn 28 . C sch ni ngi th 79 hoc 52 tui. Sch Le Bouddhisme en An-nam caTrn Vn Gip tin sanh cng chp ngi th 52 tui. nhng c tnh nm ngi tch l nm Thun Thin th hai nh L (1011) tr li nm Thi Bnh th hai i nh inh (971) l 40 nm. Vy sch no cng ni nm Thi bnh nguyn nin (970) ngi c phong chc Tng Thng v nm sau (971) ngi c phongchc Khung Vit Thi s (Sch li ni nm trc ngi 40 tui. nm sau tt 41tui) vy phi l ngi th 81 tui mi ng (40 + 41 = 81), nu bo ngi th 51tui th nm ln 10 tui ngi c phong Thi s ? C l no ? 29 . Trch Vit Nam s lc ca Trn Trng Kim. 30 . Xem bn C. 31 . Nc ta t i nh inh n gi vn gi l i C Vit, nay mi i quc hiu. 32 . Trch Vit Nam s lc ca Trn Trng Kim. 33 . Xem bn C. 34 . Si sn by gi trong hang cn vt chn ngi ng king, tc truyn l tch ny. 35 . Xem chuyn Php s Nguyn Minh Khg vi kip sau ca ngi T o Hnh di ny 36 . Xem bn D 37 . Nh trn 38 . huyn Yn Hng tnh Qung Ninh by gi. 39 . Mt v chn tu c tiu s di, tc t ca Tiu Giao (hc tr ng Vng phi V Ngn Thng). 40 . Ch tr cui cng ca Nhn Tn, y ngi t xng Trc Lm c s v lp ra phi Trc Lm 41 . Ch thch ca ln ti bn nm 2004 : Theo ti liu mi xc thc th Tu Trung Thng S tn tht l Trn Quc Tung (1230-1291), con trng ca An Sinh Vng Trn Liu, anh ca Hng o Vng Trn Quc Tun (1232-1300) khng phi l Trn Quc Tng (1252-1313), li cng khng phi l Trn Quc Ton (1257-1285). 42 . t ca ca ng Vng. cui phi V Ngn Thng (xem bn phi V Ngn Thng v bn phi Trc Lm Yn T). 43 . tam T Trc Lm. Bn B. 44 . Lc ny c ng Hn Huyn xng thuyt lm th nm. 45 . Nguyn gn lc , vua c ban cho ngi mt nn vng. n khi vua v quan mun th ngi c phi l ngi ht i dc cha, bn sai th Bch n cha xin tu, thy ngi gii hnh tinh nghim, khng th d thi phong tnh y c, ngi bn ngh ra mt k, khc lc bo vi cc Tng Ni mnh vn l con nh th phit, cha lm tri huyn, thu thu em np B, khng may gia ng b cp. B H thng tnh cho kht n cui nm, nu khng np s phi trng ti. V th th phi thu gp t trang v xin
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khp thp phng cc nh t thin gip . Khi ngi nghe Tng Ni bch li ni kh tm ca th, ngi mun v triu xin tha ti, nhng c v Tng can rng : php lut triu nh l vic cng, Tn s khng nn lm nh vy ... Khi y ngi lin em vng cho th Bch. 46 . Trung Quc Pht gio tiu s 47 . Xem bn E. 48 . Lc ny nh Minh thng nht nc Trung Hoa. 49 . Xem bn A 50 . Ch thy y l ch cho o. 51 . Xem ph lc sau. 52 . Nh trn. 53 . Ngi Trung Hoa. 54 . Cng ngi Trung Hoa, cha Bo Quc 55 . Ca ngi trc dch sn 56 . Cha ny do ngi khai sn, nhng hin nay khng bit r l bt u t nm no, ch th ni bc bin cha v ni i hng chung u l Cnh Hng bt nin (nin hiu Cnh Hng th tm). Nhng xt ra nm y khng phi l nm bt u gy dng cha Thin Tn. M c l u khong Vnh Thnh t nin (nin hiu Vnh thnh th t i vua L D Tn l708) sau khi ngi ra Long Sn cu Ha thng n chng. By gi ch l mt ci am nh va n tu ri sau dn dn mi tr v mt ngi cha to ln c i hng chung, c bin sc T . S chng c r rng l ngi tch vo nm Cnh Hng tam nim (1742). Nh vy ta thy khi nguyn cha Thin Tn khng phi bt u t nm y (Cnh Hng bt nin ) Trong b Quc Triu tin bin tot yu quyn 1 trang 10 chp nm Tn Su th 44 c Triu T Tnh Hong dng cha Thin M. Nhng xt i Triu T cha h vo trn t ny, ly u m lp cha Thin M ? V nm Tn Su th 44, thuc v i cha Nguyn Hong, phi u l Triu T. 58 . Xem on Pht gio Trung Quc. 59 . C ngi bo : Pht gio v thi ny b suy i l bi th lc truyn b ca o Thin Cha. Nhng theo mun ti th khng phi: ch l ti nhn tm ca thi i mt php m thi, khin cho trong Pht gio thiu nhng bc tu hnh nhn chnh, n ni o php phi suy i. 60 . Ln ti bn nm 2004. 61 . Bi tm tt ca H Xun Lim. 62 . Trch Vit Nam Pht Gio S Lun Nguyn Lang, Nxb. Vn hc. H Ni -2000 63 . Ha thng Bn Kiu Khong Vin l t ca thin s o Mn i th ba mi mt, i Lm T, cha Thin Khai, Qung ng. Ngi o Mn c li bi k Truyn Php sau y :
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o bn Nguyn thnh Pht T Tin.

Minh nh hng nht l trung thin. Linh Nguyn qung nhun t phong ph. Chiu th chn ng vn c huyn. Sch Hi Ngoi K S cn cho bit l trong thi gian cha Nguyn Phc Trn (16871691) tr v ng cng c cha mi thnh ti hai ln nhng cha i c Ln ny ng qua l do cha Nguyn Phc Chu mi. Hai s gi c cha c sang mi Ha thng Thch lim l Trn Thim Quang v Ng T Quang ch khng phi T Nguyn Thiu. Sch Hi Ngoi K S cng khng h cp n T Nguyn Thiu. 65 . Vit Nam Pht gio S lc, 1943, H Ni. 66 . Thch Lim, Hi Ngoi K S 67 . T liu do Nguyn Anh cung cp 68 . Bi tm tt ca H Xun Lim. 69 . T liu do Nguyn Anh cung cp.
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