M U Thc phm l nhu cu cn thit cho s sng v pht trin ca loi ngi.

Thi k s khai, thc phm n gin c v phng php ch bin v bo qun.Khi khoa hc k thut pht trin nhanh chng th vic ch bin lng thc, thc phm cng tin nhng bc kh nhanh, cch xa so vi trnh ch bin c xa.Cho n khi xut hin s b sung nhng k thut ch bin n nh sn phmtrong thi gian lu tr th mt ngnh cng nghip mi ra i_ cng nghip thc phm. Nhng thnh tu mi nht ca cc ngnh khoa hc c con ngi pd n g v o s n x u t v c h b i n l n g t h c , t h c p h m . H u h t c c l o i t h c phm u b nh hng bi cc yu t bn ngoi nh nc, t, bi, oxi, vi sinhvt...V vy chng phi c cha ng trong bao b kn.T h e o x u h n g i l n c a x h i , c o n n g i n g y c n g c n h u c u c a o hn v gi tr cm quan v i hi v tnh thm m. Do , mu m bao b cngdn tr thnh yu t quan trng trong cnh tranh.Xut pht t yu cu thc tin bao b ra i khng ch vi chc nngn thun l bao gi v bo v sn phm m tr thnh cng c chin lctrong qung b sn phm v gy dng thng hiu.Vi s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh c kh, cht do, cng ngh vt liu, bao b kim loi ra i. Vi u th vt bc v thi gian bo qun v gi hngv sn phm, trong thi gian ngn bao b kim loi to nn bc t ph chocng ngh bo qun thc phm.T i s a o b a o b k i m l o i l i c t h l m c i u ? C u t r l i s c trong bi tiu lun ny. CHNG I S LC V BAO B KIM LOI1.1. nh ngha, phn loi bao b thc phm 1.1.1. nh ngha bao b : (Quyt nh ca tng cc Tiu chun o lng C h t l n g s 2 3 TC/Q ngy 20 thng 2 nm 2006)nh ngha:Bao b l vt cha ng,bao bc thc phm thnh n v bn. Bao bc th bao bc, c th ph kn hon ton hay ch bao bc mt phn sn phm. 1.1.2. Phn loi bao b thc phm Bao b c chia lm hai loi: bao b kn v bao b h a) Bao b kn Cha ng sn phm lm nhim v ngn cch khng gian xung quanh vt phm thnh hai mi trng: Mi trng bn trong bao b Mi trng bnLoi bao b kn hon ton c dng bao bc nhng thc phm ch binc n g n g h i p , m b o c h t l n g s n p h m s a u q u t r n h s n x u t v trong sut thi gian lu hnh trn th trng cho n tay ngi tiu dng. b ) Bao b h (hay ch bao bc mt phn sn phm) Gm hai dng :- B a o b h b a o g i t r c t i p l o i r a u q u h o c h n g h o t i s n g , c c loi thc phm khng bo qun lu- Bao b h l lp bao b bc bn ngoi bao b cha ng trc tip thc phmTnh cht bao b kn hay h c quyt nh bi vt liu lm bao b v phng php ng sn phm vo bao b, cch ghp kn cc m ca bao b.Cc bao b thc phm thng dng: - Bao b giy. - Bao b kim loi.

- Bao b thy tinh. - Bao b gm s. - Bao b nha. - Bao b tng hp. 1.2. Lch s pht trin ca bao b kim loi Bao b kim loi tr thnh mt ngnh cng ngh vo th k XIX v phttrin mnh nht vo u th k XX. N vn tip tc pht trin nh ngnh luynkim v c kh ch to my ch to ra vt liu kim loi tnh nng cao v thit bng bao b lun c ci tin.N h u c u n l i n c h o n h n g v n g x a n i k h n g t h c u n g c p t h c p h m ti sng hoc p ng yu cu ca mt s i tng do iu kin sng v iukin cng tc khng c thi gian ch bin ngy cng tng. Bao b kim koi chang thc phm n lin ra i p ng c yu cu trn, c th bo qunthc phm trong thi gian di 2 - 3 nm, thun tin cho chuyn ch phn phi ni xa. 1.3. Phn loi bao b kim loi 1.3.1. Phn loi theo hnh dng - L kim loi (giy nhm)- Hnh tr trn: ph bin nht- Cc dng khc: y vung, y oval 1.2.2. Theo vt liu lm bao b - Bao b thp, st- Bao b nhm 1.2.3. Theo cng ngh ch to - Lon 2 mnh- Lon 3 mnh 1.3. c im ca bao b kim loi 1.3.1. u im - Khng b nh hng bi sc nhit nn c th gia nhit, lm lnh nhanh trongmc c th. bn c hc cao.- m bo kn, khng thm t- Chng nh sng thng cng nh tia cc tm tc ng vo thc phm.- Bao b kim loi c tnh cht chu nhit cao v kh nng truyn nhit cao, do thc phm cc loi c th ng hp, thanh trng hoc tit trng vi ch thch hp m bo an ton v sinh .- Bao b kim loi c b mt trng thic to nh sng bng, c th c in vtrng lp vecni bo v lp in khng b try sc.- Quy trnh sn xut hp v ng hp thc phm c t ng ho hon ton,gia cng bao b vi cng cao, chnh xc cao.- Nh, thun li cho vn chuyn. 1.3.2. Nhc im - bn ha hc km, hay b r v b n mn.- Khng th nhn c sn phm bn trong.Nng v t hn bao b c th thay th n l plastic.- Ti s dng b hn ch. 1.4. Yu cu bao b kim loi Ngoi nhng yu cu chung i vi bao b thc phm, bao b kim loi cn phi p ng cc yu cu: + V k thut: - Khng gy c cho thc phm, khng lm cho thc phm bin i cht lng,khng gy mi v, mu sc l cho thc phm.- Bn i vi tc dng ca thc phm.- C kh nng chng thm mi, kh, du m v s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt.- Chu c s tc ng ca cc yu t ha hc, l hc. Chu c nhit v psut cao.- Hp khng b r, np hp khng b phng di mi hnh thc.- Lp vecni phi nguyn vn- Truyn nhit tt, chc chn, nh.

- D gia cng.- S dng, vn chuyn, bo qun tin li.- m bo c cc chc nng ca bao b. + V cm quan: - Hnh thc hp dn, thch hp vi sn phm.- Phi m bo hnh thi, hng v, mu sc c trng ca sn phm theo nhngqui nh ca tng loi sn phm.- Phi c nhn hiu nguyn vn, ngay ngn, sch s, ghi r cc mc: c quan qun l, c s ch bin, tn mt hng, phm cp, ngy sn xut, khi lngtnh v khi lng c b, m s phi c in m bo bn chc, khng d ty xo. + V kinh t : - Vt liu d kim. - R tin. CHNG II CU TO C a BAO B KIM LOI2.1. Theo vt liu lm bao b 2.1.1. Bao b thp (st) Thnh phn chnh: Fe, cc kim loi hoc phi kim khc nh C, Mn, Si, S,P...c t l < 3%. Chiu dy: 0,14 0,49 mm Thnh phn thp l C < 0,05 0,12 % Mn < 0,6 %P < 0,02 % Si < 0,02 %S < 0,05 % Cu < 0,2 %* Mt vi loi thp l c bitL : Low MetaloidMR : Medium Resistance Bng 2 Thnh phn v tnh cht mt s loi thp Loi Thnh phn cc kim loi khc (%)T n h c h t n g d n g C M n P S S i C u L 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 0.015 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 tinh sch cao,hm lng kim loitp thpBao b cha thc phm c tnh n mncao(To, Mn, Si, dm gim...)M R 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 tinh sch kh cao,Cu v P tng, dngch to thp tmtrng thicBao b ng rau qu,thc phm c tnh nmn trung bnh (m,o, bi) tnh nmn thp (o, ng,tht, c...) N 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 0.0150 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 tinh sch cao, cng caoThng cha c thtch ln, cn cngvng. D 0 . 1 2 0 . 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 C gim, P v Cu tngnn c bn c, do cao.Dng ko si chto lon 2 mnh. 2.1.1.1. Bao b thp trng thic.

Hnh 1: Bao b thp trng thic - Bao b kim loi thp trng thic (st ty, t ny c dng t thi Phpthuc): thp trng thic c thnh phn chnh l st, v cc phi kim, kim loi khcnh cacbon hm lng 2,14%; Mn 0,8%; Si 0,4%; P 0,05%; S 0,05%. C

nhng kim loi thp c t l cacbon nh 0,15% - 0,5%. Hm lngcacbon ln th khng m bo tnh do dai m c tnh dn (in hnh nh gang). lm bao b thc phm, thp cn c do dai cao c th dt mng thnhtm c b dy 0,15 - 0,5 mm. Do , yu cu t l cacbon trong thp vo khong0,2%.Lp thic: Ph bn ngoi 2 mt lp thp. Lp thic c tc dng chng nm n . C h i u d y : 0 , 1 0 , 3 m m , t y t h u c v o l o i t h c p h m n g h p . M t trong c th dy hn, c ph sn.T h p c m u x m e n k h n g c d y b n g b m t , c t h b n m n trong mi trng axit, kim. Khi c trng thic th thic c b mt sng bng.Tuy nhin thic l kim loi lng tnh (ging Al) nn d tc dng vi axit, kim,do ta cn trng lp sn vecni.* Lp sn vecni c nhng tc dng sau: Bi tiu lun bao b thc phm Bao b kim loi - Ngn nga phn ng ha hc gia sn phm v bao b lm hng s n phm.- Ngn nga s bin mi, bin mu ca thc phm.- Ngn s bin mu bn trong hp i vi sn phm giu sunphua.- Dn in tt trong qu trnh hn.- Cht bi trn trong qu trnh to thnh hp ca hp 2 mnh.- Bo v lp sn mt ngoi bao b khi try xc.* Yu cu i vi lp sn vecni:- Khng c gy mi l cho thc phm, khng gy bin mu thc phm.- Khng bong trc khi va chm c hc.- Khng b ph hy khi un nng, thanh trng.- C mm do cao tri khp b mt c ph.- dy ca lp vecni phi ng u, khng l thic. Bng 3 Mt s loi vecni bo v lp thic

2.1.1.2. Bao b thp trng crm Gn y do gi thic cao to ra nhu cu sn xut thp khng c thictrong lp thic v oxyt thic thng thng c thay th bng lp crom voxyt crom.Bao b thp trng Crm bao gm mt lp thp nn, trn mi b mt theoth t l mt lp crom, mt lp oxyt crom v mt lp du bi trn cui cng lmt lp sn vecni. Hnh 2: Bao b thp trng Crom