Cc dng mt th c bn

Ngy ng (23/09/2009)

BNG CH CI QUC T: ABCDEFGHIJKLM NOPQRSTUVWYZ I. Quc ng in tn: - Cch t du m: Thay th trc tip. - Cch t du thanh: t sau mi t. V d: Cng cha nh ni Thi Sn, Ngha m nh nc trong ngun chy ra. S c vit l: Coong cha nhuw nuis Thais Sown Nghiax mej nhuw nuowcs trong nguoonf chayr ra. II. c ngc: C 2 cch c: 1. c ngc c vn bn: V d vi cu: K nng sinh hot. C th vit l: toh hnis gnn k (jtaoh hnis gnwan xyk) 2. c ngc tng t:k gnn hnis toh (xyk gnwan hnis jtaoh) III. c li: Trong lc tr chuyn vi nhau, thnh thong chng ta vn thng hay ni li to ra nhng tnh hung vui nhn. T , ta to ra nhng mt th bng cch ny. V d ta nghe ngi no ni:Ngu li tng k mn cui khu ch. Thot u, ta c tng anh ta l ngi mi hc ting Hoa. Nhng khi nghe gii thch r mi hiu, th ra anh ta mun ni: Ngi lu t cng mui cn kh chu. IV. nh vn: cch ny, yu cu ngi dch phi bit cch nh vn ging nh cc em hc sinh tiu hc. Nu c ln ln trong lc dch th s d hnh dung hn. V. B u b ui: Ta ch cn b ch u v ch cui cu. Phn cn li chnh l ni dung bn tin.

VI. S thay ch:

y l dng mt th rt n gin. Ta ch cn vit ra 26 ch ci, ri sau , vit ngay di v tr A l s 1, B l s 2 v Z l s 26. Sau dch bnh thng bng cch: C thy s no th in ch tng ng vo bn di

Nh vy, ngi mt th c th thay i kha. Thay v A=1, th ta c th cho A=2, 3 hay mt s bt k no khc, hoc ta khng dng A m c th dng mt ch no = mt s no . VII. Ch thay ch: Khc vi loi mt th S thay ch trn, lomt th Ch thay ch s th hin cho chng ta thy mt bn tin ton l nhng ch kh hiu. T , ta phi gii kha hiu nhng ch mun ni g. y, ta th vi loi cha kha A=b. Trc ht ta phi nhp bng di y:

Nh vy, ngi mt th c th thay i kha. Thay v A=b, th ta c th cho A= mt ch bt k no khc, hoc ta khng dng A m c th dng mt ch no cng c. VIII. Ma ri: Khi nhn thy loi mt th ny, ta ch cn i theo mi tn ca kha. y, ch u tin l ch C, ch th nh theo hng i ca kha l ch O. Theo , ta s dch c ht bn tin.

IX. Chung b: y l mt dng mt th rt quen thuc (cn gi l mt th gc vung gc nhn). TRc ht, chng ta phi nm r 2 khung c bn di y. C mi s cha 2 ch:

Vi ch nm pha bn no th ta chm 1 chm pha bn . Ring khung cho th 2, cch th hin cng cha c s thng nht nhiu ti liu khc nhau. Do , chng ti lin k ra ht cho ngi son mt th tu la chn lp cha kha chom mnh. C tt c 6 cch th hin, ta mun lm theo kiu no th t kha theo kiu ny

y l dng mt th m ta thng thy ng trn cc bo Nhi ng. Khi thy mt hnh v no , ta phi lin tng ngay n l hnh g? Th d nh l: hnh tri CAM. Nu thy bn trn ghi l C v +N, th ta c thc hin theo yu cu ca hnh. Tc l CAM C = AM; AM + N = NAM. Vy ch dch c s l ch NAM. C th, ta ln lt tm ra ngha ca nhng hnh khc cn li. Sau rp ni li s thnh mt cu c ngha. Bn mt th trn s c dch l: NAM QUC SN H NAM C. CCH GII M MT TH 1. Phi ht sc bnh tnh 2. T tin nhng khng c ch quan 3. Nghin cu kha gii tht k

4. t cc gi thit v ln lt gii quyt 5. i vi vic gii mt th trong tr chi ln, ta nn sao y bn chnh v chia thnh nhiu nhm nh dch. Nh th, ta s tn dng c ht nhng cht xm tr tu trong i. Trnh tnh trng xm li, chm u vo tranh dnh xem mt t giy ri kt qu khng i ti u, m d lm rch t giy mt th ca chng ta na. 6. Cui cng, nu dch xong, ta vit li bn bch vn cho tht r rng, sch s v y ngha
L THUYT MT TH Mt th (hay cn gi l l th b mt) l mt dng ca k nng truyn tin, da theo vic m ho ca ngi a th v ngi nhn th vi mc ch ch c ngi trong cuc mi hiu. V vy, mt th lun gy t m cho ngi mun bit v ng thi kch thch vic m ho ngy cng a dng v kh hn. 1. CCH TO MT TH: Trong bt c tr chi no tri, mt th lun l iu l th v n mang nhiu tnh bt ng, nhanh tr, sng to, can m v on kt. V vy mt th trong tr chi phi c thc hin mt cch c tnh ton trc v mc ch, ni dung cng nh hnh thc. Ngi son mt th phi tun theo cc im sau: - Ch : xoay quanh ch tri. - a th: kst t tri, a th chi, phc ha s cc trm, im gi mt th. - Thc hin: chn mt trong cc dng mt m, t kha trc ri sau son theo kha.. V lun gi b mt ni dung mt th n pht cui cng. 2. GIU MT TH: 3. TM MT TH: Bt c mt th no c ct giu cng phi c 1 du hiu hng dn. Du hiu c th bng hnh v, c th l mt vn bn. Trc khi tm mt th, ta phi lun bnh tnh v cao cnh gic, c k k hiu, hng mt th v khong cch mt th, ri lm chnh xc theo ch dn, ng quan st xem v tr c g khc thng, c bit. Ta lun nh: mt th tm bng tr ch khng dng bng sc, phi lu nhng du hin khc thng, c bit v trong TCL tt c u c tnh ton. 4. GII M MT TH - Phi ht sc bnh tnh. - Nghin cu kha gii tht k. - t cc gi thit v ln lt gii quyt. - i vi vic gii mt th trong tr chi ln, ta nn sao y bn chnh v chia thnh nhiu nhm nh dch. Nh th, ta s tn dng c ht nhng cht xm tr tu trong i. Trnh tnh trng chm u vo tranh dnh xem mt t giy ri kt qu khng i ti u, m d lm rch t giy mt th. - Cui cng, nu dch xong, ta vit li bn bch vn cho tht r rng, sch s v y ngha. 5. NHNG GHI NH U TIN: * Bng ch ci Quc t: Bng 26 k t ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYZ * Bng ch ci Vit Nam: Bng 29 k t abcdeghiklmnopqrstuvxy * Quc ng in tn: (TNG T NH CCH VIT TELEX) - Cch t du m: Thay th trc tip. - Cch t du thanh: t sau mi t. VD: Cng cha nh ni Thi Sn S c vit l: Coong cha nhuw nuis Thais Sown H THNG MT TH Mt th Thin nhin Mt th Chy ch Mt th Th ch Mt th Truyn tin ( tham kho trn internet) Mt th To Mt th Chy ch

Dng mt th o ch: L ni dung truyn i c thay i OTT: c ngc BV: CHM UNG - TC BIN LOAN N AR Cch gii: Ta bit rng c ngc chnh l c ngc nn ta s gii thnh: CHNG EM TIN BC LN ON Dng mt th chy ch trong khung: L ni dung c a vo mt khung v nu i ng hng s c c ni dung cn truyn ti. OTT: Hnh v mt nt S C O T R O T N T E I O K A N T C I D L O C E N A BV: Cch gii: nu ta ch th s thy c cch i rng rn v tm ra c li gii l SI TC CT CON KIN T TRN L Dng mt th chy ly cc ch cn thit: L ni dung truyn i c chn vo mt ni dung v nh no khc. OTT: Ta v ta tm ao ta, d trong d c ao nh vn hn BV: K,Y,W,J N,A,W,N,G,Z AR Cch gii: Ta ch cn s dng cc ch ci Vit Nam m thi KY NANG MT TH TH CH Dng mt th ch th ch: L mt th m ni dung uc th thnh mt ch khc theo h thng 26 29 ch ci. OTT: A=B BV: D, P, O E, V, P, O, H AR Cch gii: Ta thay theo dng 26 ch ci vi A=B CON DUONG A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Dng mt th ch th ch (c bit): OTT: Anh em nh th tay chn BV: W, L, R G, M, G, K AR Cch gii: Ta thay tng xng cho nhau DOI TNTP A B C D E F G H I J K L M Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N Dng mt th ch th s: l mt th m ni dung uc chuyn thnh s OTT: A=1, Z=26, H=? BV: 22, 1, 14 8, 15, 1 AR Cch gii: Ta ly ch tng ng vi s VAN HOA A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26

25

Kinh nghim xc nh m ch - s bin chuyn: 1. Cch c: l cc ch ci ghi thng ra, hoc ghi theo cch c chnh t hng ngy nh A,2,15 hoc c=C, ht=H, ca=K, ba=3, hai nm=25, ... 2. Hnh tng: l cc ch ci ch ra hnh tng m c lin quan n cc con s hoc ch ci nh hnh trn(ch O, s 0), thp (ch A), ct c (ch I, s 1), Vit Nam (ch S), 3. Chuyn i: l cch ni li, ni ngc, phn ch, ghp ch nh h hai = hai t(24), Sc phong tam = tm(8), phn ban = BA+N(3=N), u sng = Sng(S), 4. Ph nh: l cch ngi ta du t kha trong kha bng cch ph nh nh khng lm th ly g n(b cc ch L,A,M trong bch vn), thi gi(b ch G,I,O), 5. Lin h thc t: l cch ngi ta mun ngi dch phi lin h thc t xc nh t kha nh rm(14), thng ba gi t vua Hng(10), 6. Ting nc ngoi: l cch chuyn i theo cch ca nc ngoi nh nht=I=1, trm=M, Nm=V=5, tu=2, nai=9, anh=N Tm hiu r hn cc bn ti 2 file km theo Mi ngi gii gim mnh mt th ny i: OTT: Cc nhy 3 bc

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