BI TP CHNG HIDROCACBON NO(08-09)

Li dn: gii nhanh 1 s bi tp nn lu : nO2 1/ Nu:+ nH2 O nCO2 hoc > 1,5 => hidrocacbon l ankan. nCO2 + nankan = nH2O nCO2 2/ Xc nh cng thc phn t hidrocacbon: + Hn hp hai hidrocacbon l ng ng k tip: CnH2n+2(n 1 ) *Phng php 1:Gi CTTQ ca ankan A, B: CmH2m+2(m = n + 1) - Tm M - Gi s MA < M < MB CTPT CnH2n+2(n 1 ) *Phng php 2: Gi CTTQ ca ankan A, B: CmH2m+2(m = n + 1) => CTTQTB l CnH2n+2 vi n < n < m nCO2 - Tnh n = nhh - n < n< m n,m -m=n+1 + Hn hp hai hidrocacbon l ng ng khng k tip: Phng php gii nh trn nhng bi phi cho thm d kin. 3/ p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: CxHy + ( x + y/4)O2 xCO2 + y/2 H2O mO phn ng = mO ( CO2) + mO (H2O) Nu A l hh gm nhiu hidrocacbon khc nhau: mA = mC(CO2) + mH(H O)
2

4/ Tnh nhanh s nguyn t cacbon trong hp cht: + Khi t chy A, s nguyn t cacbon n trong A l : n= nCO2 nA nCO2 nhhA

+ Khi t chy hn hp A, s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh l n = 1/ thc hin chui phn ng sau: 1 2 3 4 a/ CH4 CH3Br C2H6 C2H5Br C4H10
1 2 3 b/ Butan X Y Metan 1 2 3 c/ CnH2n(anken) X Y CnH2n(xicloankan) d/ CH3COOH CH4 CO2

CH3COONa CH4 CO C3H8 CH 4 C

1 2 3 4 6 7 e/ CH 4 C2H2 CH3CHO C2H5OH C4H6 C4H10 C3H6 isopropylic 1 2 3 4 5 6 f / CH3COONa C2H6 C2H5Cl C 4 H 10 CH4 HCHO CO2 2/Vit CTCT v gi tn theo danh php quc t cc cht c cng thc phn t sau: C6H14, C3H7Cl, C3H6Cl2,C7H16, C4H10, C5H12, C6H12 3/ Vit CTCTTG ca cc cht c tn gi sau:
5

a.2 metylpentan b. neopentan c. isobutan d. 2,3 dimetylbutan e. 4- Etyl 2,2,5 trimetylhexan f. 3,5 dietyl 2,2,3 trimetyloctan g. isopentan h. neopentan i. n- hexan j.3,3 dimetylpentan k. isobutyl bromua l. 1-nitro - 2- metyl propan m. 1,2 dibrom 2 - metylpropan n.2,2,3,3- tetrametylpentan 4/ c tn IUPAC cc cht c cng thc sau: 5/ Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 t l 1:1 trong iu kin chiu sng to c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo. Vit ptp v gi tn sn phm. 6/ Vit phn ng v gi tn phn ng ca isobutan trong cc trng hp sau: a/ Ly 1mol isobutan cho tc dng vi 1 mol Cl2 chiu sng. b/Ly 1 mol isobutan un nngvi 1 mol Br2. c/ Nung nng isobutan vi xc tc Cr2O3 to isobutilen d/ t isobutan trong khng kh. 7/ t chy hon ton mt mu hidrocacbon ngi ta thy th tch hi nc sinh ra gp 1,2 ln th tch kh cacbonic( o cng iu kin). Bit rng hidrocacbon ch to thnh 1 dn xut monoclo duy nht. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn hidrocacbon .S: C5H12 8/ Tm th tch oxi(ktc) dng t chy hon ton 2,464 lt hh 2 ankan o 27,30C; 2atm. Bit rng khi lng hh l 10,2g.S: V = 25,76lt 9/ Cho m gam ankan A tc dng vi clo chiu sng c thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht B c khi lng 8,52gam. trung ho ht kh HCl cn dng 80ml dd NaOH 1M.Xc nh CTCT ca A,B.S: C5H12; 1 clo 2,2 dimetyl propan. 10/ t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh (1) ng P2O5, sau qua bnh (2) ng KOH c. T l tng khi lng ca bnh (1) so vi bnh (2) l 5,4:11. Tm CTPT ca hidrocacbon. S: C5H12 VCO2 12 = 11/t chy 1 hh gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B ng ng lin tip nhau thu c . Tm CTPT A, B v % th vH2O 23 tch ca 2 HC ny.S:C2H6(10%) v CH4(90%) 12/ Phn tch 3,225gam dn xut clo ca ankan c mt AgNO3 thu c 7,175g kt ta. T khi hi ca dn xut i vi khng kh l 2,224 lt. Tm CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn dn xut.S:C2H5Cl 13/ t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) v 7,2g nc. X CTPT ca HC.S:C3H8 14/ t chy hon ton 3,6 lt ankan X( l cht kh) cn dng va ht 18lt oxi ly cng k. a/ X CTPT X b/Cho X tc dng vi kh Clo 250C v c nh sng th c th thu c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo? Gi tn cc dn xut .S:C3H8 15/t chy hon ton 14,3g hn hp gm hexan v octan ngi ta thu c 22,4lit CO2 (kc).Cho bit thnh phn ca mi cht trong hh trn.S: %mC6H14=60%; %mC8H18=40%. 16/ t chy hon ton 13,6g hh X cha 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng cn dng va ht 67,2lt oxi (kc). X CTPT v thnh phn khi lng ca mi cht c trong hh X.S: C6H14(63%); C7H16(37%) 17/C th phn bit hai bnh kh khng mu propan v xiclopropan bng phng php ho hc c khng gii thch. 18/Mt xiclopropan c t khi hi so vi nit bng 3. Hy x CTCT c th c v gi tn cc xicloankan . S: C6H12 19/t chy hon ton 1,29g hh kh Y( gm 1 ankan v 1 xicloankan, c t khi i vi oxi l 1,61) ri hp th hon ton sn phm chy vo dd Ba(OH)2 d, thu c 17,73g kt ta. X CTPT v thnh phn phn trm th tch ca mi cht trong hh Y.S: C4H10(60%) v C3H6.(40%) 20. t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hh X gm 2 cht kh CH4 v C3H6 sinh ra 11,2 lit kh CO2. Cc th tch kh o ktc. a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong R. S: CH4(66,67%) v C3H6(33,33%) b. Nu cho ton b hh h tc dng vi nc Brom d th lng Brom tham gia phn ng l baonhiu gam. S: 16gam 21. t chy hon ton 0,72g 1 hp cht hu c X trong oxi thu c 1,12 lit CO2(ktc) v 0,06 mol nc.Lp CTPT v CTCT ca hp cht hu c trn.S: C5H12

22. t chy hon ton 29,2 gam hh 2 ankan. Hp th hon ton sn phm vo dd Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng 134,8gam. Tnh khi lng CO2 v khi lng nc to thnh. Nu 2 ankan l ng ng k tip hy xc nh CTPT c 2 ankan.S: C3H8 v C4H10 23. Hh kh gm 2 hidrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon( ktc). a.Tnh t khi hi ca hh A i vi N2, bit 560ml hh nng 0,725g.S: 1,0357 b.t chy Vml hh A cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng P2O5, bnh (2) cha Ba(OH)2, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,7g, bnh 2 tng 5,28g. Tnh V.S: 1344ml c. Xnh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon bit rng 1 trong hai cht l anken.S: C2H4 v C2H6 24.t chy hon ton 0,15mol hh X gm hai ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng. Sn phm thu c cho hp th ht vo dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 37,5g kt ta. Tm CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon.S: C2H6 v C3H8. 25. t chy ht 2,24lt (ktc) hh X gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng, hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dd nc vi trong d thu c 25g kt ta v khi lng bnh ng dd nc vi trong tng 17,3g. Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan.S: C2H6 v C3H8 26. t chy hon ton 4g mt hh hai hidrocacbon X cng dy ng ng lin tip. Ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng H2SO4c v bnh ng dd KOH. Thy khi lng cc bnh tng ln lt 5,4g v 8,8g. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon.S: C2H6 v C3H8 27. t chy honton 3,36lt( 54,60C, 1,2atm) hh hai hidrocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng v c t l s mol ln lt l 1:2. Sau phn ng cho ton b sn phm qua dd nc vi trong d thu c 25g kt ta.Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan.S: C3H8 28. t chy hon ton a gam 2 hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Sn phm chy cho qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4c v bnh 2 ng KOH rn, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,52 gam v bnh 2 tng 4,4g. a. Tm a. S: 1,48g b. Tm CTCT ca 2 hidrocacbon.S: C2H6 v C3H8 29/t chy hon ton m gam hh X gm CH4, C3H6 v C4H10 thu c 4,4g CO2 v 2,52g H2O. Tm gi tr m.S: 1,48g 29.t chy hon ton 2 hidro ng ng c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 vc thu c 4,48lit CO2(ktc) v 5,4g nc. Tm CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon.CH4 v C3H8 30. Mt ankan to c mt dn xut monoclo, trong hm lng clo bng 55,04%. Tm CTPT ca ankan.C2H6.