huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 1 This print-out should have 41 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Suppose you want to ride your mountain bike up a steep hill. Two paths lead from the base to the top, one twice as long as the other. Compared to the average force you would exert if you took the short path, the average force you exert along the longer path is 1. one half as much. 2. Unable to determine; it depends on the time taken. 3. one fourth as much. 4. one third as much. 5. the same. 002 10.0 points A synthetic rubber band resists being stretched a distance x from equilibrium with a force Fb (x) = b x2 , where b is a constant. What is the potential energy Ub (x) associated with this elastic band? 1. zero 2. b x2 2 b x3 3. + 3 b x3 4. 3 b x2 5. + 2 6. 2 b x 7. +2 b x 003 10.0 points A ball of mass m is hung from the end of a vertical, unstretched spring of negligible mass and force constant k, then released from rest. After it has fallen a vertical distance it is momentarily at rest again. What is in terms of m, g, and k? 1. There is no point where v = 0 but = 0 mg 2k mg 3. = k 2mg 4. = k 2. = 5. Energy is not conserved in this case so the answer can be dierent each time you try it 004 (part 1 of 6) 10.0 points A heavy ball swings on a string in a circular arc of radius 2 m.

2m

Q P The two highest points of the balls trajectory are Q and Q ; at these points the string is 23 from the vertical. Point P is the lowest point of the balls trajectory where the string hangs vertically down. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What is the balls speed at the point P ? Neglect air resistance and other frictional forces. Answer in units of m/s Q
005 (part 2 of 6) 10.0 points What is the magnitude of the balls acceleration at the point P ? Answer in units of m/s2

23

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 2 izontal initial velocity. 006 (part 3 of 6) 10.0 points What is the balls speed at the point Q? 1. vQ = 0 m/s 2. vQ < 0 m/s 3. 0 m/s < vQ < vp 4. vQ > vp 5. vQ = vp 007 (part 4 of 6) 10.0 points What is the magnitude of the balls acceleration at the point Q? Answer in units of m/s2 008 (part 5 of 6) 10.0 points After several swings, the string breaks. The mass of the string and air resistance are negligible. If the break occurs when the ball is at point P , describe the motion of the ball after the break. 1. It moves horizontally with a constant speed. 2. It undergoes projectile motion with an initial velocity that points upward and to the right. 3. It moves horizontally with a constant acceleration. 4. It stays still. 7. IV only 5. It undergoes projectile motion with a horizontal initial velocity. 6. The ball falls vertically straight down. 009 (part 6 of 6) 10.0 points If the break occurs when the ball is at point Q, describe the motion of ball after the break. 1. It undergoes projectile motion with a hor011 10.0 points In a certain region of space, a force F(r) has an associated potential energy of the form U (r) = a r 2 b r = c , where a , b , and c are positive constants. What are the points, if any, where the force F(r) goes to zero? 1. The force goes to zero only at r = 0 . 4. It moves horizontally with a constant acceleration. 5. It stays still. 6. The ball falls vertically down. 010 10.0 points From a rooftop, one ball is dropped from rest while another identical ball is thrown downward. What will be the same for both balls? I) change of KE in the rst second of fall; II) change of PE in the rst second of fall; III) change of KE in the rst meter of fall; IV) change of PE in the rst meter of fall. 1. II only 2. I only 3. I and II only 4. None of these 5. III only 6. III and IV only 3. It undergoes projectile motion with an initial velocity that points upward and to the right. 2. It moves horizontally with a constant speed.

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 3 2. The force is zero only at r = c b.

3. The force is zero at the two values of r that satisfy a r 2 b r + c = 0 . 4. There is no point where the force is zero. 5. The force goes to zero as r . 6. The force is zero only at r = b 2a. 9.9 kg 2.8 m

3.2 kg Use conservation of energy to determine the nal speed of the rst mass after it has fallen (starting from rest) 2.8 m .The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Answer in units of m/s 015 10.0 points

012 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A frictionless roller coaster is given an initial velocity of v0 at height h = 26 m . The radius of curvature of the track at point A is R = 36 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . B v0 A h 2 h 3 h
R

A block of mass m slides on a horizontal frictionless table with an initial speed v0 . It then compresses a spring of force constant k and is brought to rest. v k m m =0 How much is the spring compressed x from its natural length?
2 v0 2g 2 v0 2. x = 2m mk 3. x = v0 g m 4. x = v0 k k 5. x = v0 gm

Find the maximum value of v0 so that the roller coaster stays on the track at A solely because of gravity. Answer in units of m/s 013 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Using the value of v0 calculated in question 1, determine the value of h that is necessary if the roller coaster just makes it to point B. Answer in units of m 014 10.0 points A 9.9 kg mass is attached to a light cord that passes over a massless, frictionless pulley. The other end of the cord is attached to a 3.2 kg mass.

1. x =

k m mg 7. x = v0 k 6. x = v0

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 4 k mg mg 9. x = v0 k m 10. x = v0 kg 8. x = v0 016 10.0 points A block starts at rest and slides down a frictionless track except for a small rough area on a horizontal section of the track (as shown in the gure below). It leaves the track horizontally, ies through the air, and subsequently strikes the ground. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 . v h 2m 9.81 m/s2 479 g Calculate the balls height above the waters surface at this lowest point of its trajectory. Answer in units of m 018 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the tension of the bungee cord when the ball is at its lowest point? Answer in units of N 019 10.0 points A 119 g mass is attached to the end of an unstressed vertical spring (of constant 52.5 N/m) and then dropped. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What is its maximum speed? Answer in units of m/s 020 10.0 points A mass m is released from a height h above the ground. It is given an initial horizontal velocity of magnitude v0 . What is the speed of the mass when it hits the ground? 1. v = gh

1.2 m =0.2

3.53 m At what height h above the ground is the block released? Answer in units of m 017 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Note: A bungee cord can stretch, but it is never compressed. When the distance between the two ends of the cord is less than its unstretched length L0 , the cord folds and its tension is zero. For simplicity, neglect the cords own weight and inertia as well as the air drag on the ball and the cord. A bungee cord has length L0 = 21 m when unstretched; when its stretched to L > L0 , the cords tension obeys Hookes law with spring constant 81 N/m. To test the cords reliability, one end is tied to a high bridge of height 60 m above the surface of a river) and the other end is tied to a steel ball of mass 96 kg. The ball is dropped o the bridge with zero initial speed. Fortunately, the cord works and the ball stops in the air a few meters before it hits the water and then the cord pulls it back up. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

2. Undetermined, since we dont know the angle at which the mass hits the ground. 3. v = 4. v = 5. v = 6. v = 7. v = 8. v = 9. v =
2 v0 +

gh 2

gh 2 2gh
2 v0 + g h 2 v0 + 2 g h 2 v0 gh + 2 2 2 v0 +gh 2

021 10.0 points A(n) 63.5 g ball is dropped from a height of

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 5 50.4 cm above a spring of negligible mass. The ball compresses the spring to a maximum displacement of 4.37158 cm. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . of the block at the bottom of the track is 16 m/s, and the block experiences an average frictional force of 5 N while sliding up the track. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . T

vT
x

R vB
Calculate the spring force constant k. Answer in units of N/m 022 10.0 points Suppose a cannon is propped against a massive tree to reduce recoil when it res.

x m

B
What is x? Answer in units of m 024 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points What is the speed of the block at the top of the track? Answer in units of m/s 025 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points What is the centripetal acceleration of the block at the top of the track? Answer in units of m/s2 026 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Suppose the incline is frictionless for the system shown. The angle of inclination is 28 , the spring constant is 208 N/m and the mass of the block is 5.05 kg. The block is released from rest with the spring initially unstretched. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . 208 N/m

The range of the cannonball will be 1. decreased. 2. unchanged. 3. increased. 023 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points A block of mass 0.5 kg is pushed against a horizontal spring of negligible mass, compressing the spring a distance of x as shown in the gure. The spring constant is 197 N/m. When released, the block travels along a frictionless, horizontal surface to point B, the bottom of a vertical circular track of radius 0.5 m, and continues to move up the track. The speed

x kg =0
28

5 5. 0

How far x does it move down the incline before coming to rest?

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 6 Answer in units of m 027 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Choosing down the incline as the positive direction, what is its acceleration at its lowest point? Answer in units of m/s2 028 10.0 points A pendulum made of a string and a sphere is able to swing in a vertical plane. The pendulum is released from a position of 71 from vertical as shown in the gure below. The string hits a peg located a distance d below the point of suspension and rotates about the peg. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . at A, where A is at the same level as the center of the loop. Answer in units of N 030 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Consider a dierent situation when the initial height at C has not yet been specied. What is the minimum kinetic energy of the block at B, which is located at the top of the loop, so that the block can pass by this point without falling o from the track? Answer in units of J 031 10.0 points A(n) 766 kg elevator starts from rest. It moves upward for 4 s with a constant acceleration until it reaches its cruising speed of 1.8 m/s. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Find the average power delivered by the elevator motor during the period of this acceleration. Answer in units of kW 032 10.0 points A 9.22 kg block is released from A at height 4.72 m on a frictionless track shown. The radius of the track is 2.37 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . A

7.5 kg 11 m
d

71
9.8 m/s2 Find the smallest value of d (highest peg position) in order for the sphere to swing in a full circle centered on the peg. Answer in units of m 029 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A 2.2 g mass is released from rest at C which has a height of 1.4 m above the base of a loop-the-loop and a radius of 0.17 m . The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . C 2.2 g B 0.17 m 1.4 m A

h R

Determine the magnitude of the acceleration for the block at P. Answer in units of m/s2 033 10.0 points A massive ball bearing of mass m, is rolling with negligible friction around the inside of a circular vertical track of radius R. The force the track exerts on the rolling ball at the bottom of the circle is found to be 5 m g in magnitude.

D Find the normal force pressing on the track

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 7 R agram above correspond to equilibrium position(s)? 1. Points V and Z only. Using conservation of energy and Newtons second law, nd the magnitude of the force the track exerts on the ball when it is halfway up the loop. Answer in units of m g 034 10.0 points The potential energy of a two-particle system A separated by a distance r is U (r) = , where r A = 120 J m is a constant. Find the radial force Fr if r = 65.7 m. Answer in units of N 035 10.0 points Two atoms of equal mass interact with a potential energy U (r) = A B 4 8 r r A > 0, B > 0 2. Points T , V and Z. 3. Point V only. 4. Points T and Z only. 5. Point T only. 6. Point Z only. 7. Points T and V only. 037 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Which of the points represented in the diagram above correspond to stable equilibrium position(s)? 1. Points T , V and Z. 2. Points T and Z only. 3. Points V and Z only. 4. Point T only. 5. Point Z only. 6. Points T and V only. 7. Point V only. 038 10.0 points The graph is a potential energy diagram for a particle in some system as a function of position x.

At what separation is the force zero? 1. r = 2. r = 3. r = 4. r =

4

B A 2A B B 2A A B

036 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Use the potential energy vs. position plot shown below to answer the following two questions. U (x) V x T Z Which of the points represented in the di-

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 8 Potential Energy vs Position B Potential Energy (J) U(x)

A x0 0 x0 2x0 3x0 4x0 5x0 x

What is the force F on the particle at x = 3 x0 ? B 5 x0 B A 2. F = 4 x0 A 3. F = 5 x0 A 4. F = 4 x0 1. F = 5. F = 0 6. F = 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. F A 4 x0 BA = 4 x0 B = 4 x0 B = 5 x0 B = 4 x0

x2 x3 Position Which of the following is a correct statement about the motion of the particle? 1. It comes to rest at either x0 or x2 and remains at rest. 2. It oscillates with maximum position x2 and minimum position x0 . 3. It moves to the left of x0 and does not return. 4. It cannot reach either x0 or x2 . 5. It moves to the right of x3 and does not return. 040 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A particle moving along the x-axis has a potential energy U (x), as shown in the accompanying graph. Scale factors: a = 4.4 m, b = 25 J.

x0 x1

039 10.0 points A conservative force has the potential energy function U (x), shown by the graph. A particle moving in one dimension under the inuence of this force has kinetic energy 1.0 Joule when it is at position x1 .

huang (th23745) Chapter 7: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation thompson (9009) 9 5b 4b [J] 3b 2b 1b 0 a 2a C A 3a 4a x [m] 5a 6a B

What is the force exerted on the particle when x = 3 a (point A, the lowest point on the curve)? Answer in units of N 041 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points If the particle has a mass of 9.9 kg and is released from rest at x = 5 a, what is the particles velocity when it reaches x = a? Answer in units of m/s