September 14,2009

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xem cc dng v trang k ti p

TM T T L THUY T
1. * * nh ngh a : ( th c a hm s ) nh trn t p D l t p h p cc i m c t a . ng cong c ph ng trnh y = f(x) ( g i t t th c a hm s y = f(x) xc (x , f(x) ) c a m t ph ng t a th c a hm s y = f(x) l l ng cong y = f(x)) 2.Cng th c chuy n h t a
y y Y Y

( b ng php t nh ti n ) Cho h t a Oxy v i vc t

M ( X ;Y ) M ( x ; y)

& & nv i ; j

Th c hi n php t nh ti n theo ))) & OI ( I  x0 ; y0 / mpOxy )

I ( x0 ; y0 )

X X

M ( x ; y)
mp Oxy
Cng th c chuy n h t a
x

M ( X ;Y )

mp IXY

0
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x ! X  x0 y ! Y  y0

TM T T L THUY T
3. Ph ng trnh c a ng cong /v h t a th l m i: iv ih t a Oxy. Cho hm s y = f(x) c Vi t ph ng trnh c a ng cong (C)

ng cong (C)

iv ih t a

m i IXY .

M ( x ; y)
mp Oxy

M ( X ;Y )

mp IXY M ( x, y ) (C ) y ! f ( x)
x ! X  x0 y ! Y  y0

p d ng cng th c chuy n h t a

Ta c : M ( X , Y ) (C ) Y  y0 ! f ( X  x0 ) Y ! f ( X  x0 )  y0 V y ph ng trnh c a ng cong (C) iv ih t a m i IXY l :

Y ! f ( X  x0 )  y0

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TM T T L THUY T
4. Gi i bi ton tm tm Cho hm s y = f(x) c Ph ng trnh c a i x ng, tr c th l ng cong (C) i x ng c a ng cong (C) iv ih t a th hm s : iv ih t a m i IXY l :
(*) : Y ! F ( X )

Oxy.

Y ! f ( X  x0 )  y0
a) Ta i ch ng minh hm s (*) l hm s ch n : Lc ny

X D : F (  X ) ! F ( X )
i x ng c a th

ng cong (C) c a hm s nh n tr c YIY lm tr c

b) Ta i ch ng minh hm s (*) l hm s l : X D : F ( X ) !  F ( X ) Lc ny ng cong (C) c a hm s nh n I ( x0 ; y0 ) lm tm i x ng c a th

Tm i x ng c a th

Tr c i x ng c a th

Bi t p 1
a) Xc nh i m I thu c th (C) c a hm s : y ! x 3  3 x 2  2 x  1 c honh l nghi m c a ph ng trnh y = 0. b) Ch ng minh I l tm i x ng c a th (C)

a) y ' ! 3x 2  6 x  2 y '' ! 6 x  6  y '' ! 0 6 x  6 ! 0 x ! 1

x I ! 1 ; I (C )
b) Th c hi n chuy n h t a m i IXY.

ng d n

yI ! xI3  3 xI2  2 xI  1 ! 1  I 1; 1
trong php t nh ti n theo vect

))& OI ta c h t a

p dung cng th c chuy n h t a

3

x ! X  x0 y ! Y  y0

 M ( X , Y ) (C ) Y  yI !  X  xI  3  X  xI Y  1 !  X  1  3  X
3

 2  X  xI  1 2  1  2  X  1  1

3 t Y(X ) ! X  X V  Y ( X ) ! ( X )3   X !  X 3  X !  X 3  X ! Y  X y Y(X) l hm s l

Thu g n ta

c: Y ! X 3  X K t Lu n :

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th (C) nh n I (1 ; -1 ) lm tm

i x ng

Bi t p 2
Xc nh tm H ng d n : G i I ( xI , yI ) l tm i x ng c a hm s sau :

y!

3x  2 x 1

i x ng c a

p d ng cng th c chuy n h t a

th hm s ))& theo OI v h t a

m i IXY

3x  2 5 y! ! 3 x 1 x 1 5 5 *M  X ; Y (C ) Y  yI ! 3  Y ! 3  yI  ! Y (X ) X  xI  1 X  xI  1
D ng khc c a hm s
5 5 !  3  yI  Y (  X ) ! Y ( X ) ; X 3  yI  , X X  xI  1  X  xI  1 Thu g n ph ng trnh ,ta c

x ! X  xI y ! Y  yI

I ( xI , yI ) l tm

i x ng c a

th hm s

Y ( X ) l hm s l

3  yI X 2  3  yI xI  1

 5  xI  1 ! 0 ; X

c v s nghi m

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x 3  yI ! 0 I ! 1 2  yI ! 3 3  yI xI  1  5  xI  1 ! 0

Bi t p 3
Xc nh tr c H ng d n : Chuy n h t a
v i I ( xI , yI ).

i x ng c a hm s sau :

y ! 2 x 2  3x 

7 8

Y  y I ! 2  X  xI

7 7 2  3  X  xI  Y ! 2  X  xI  3  X  xI   yI (*Y ( X )) 8 8

))& Oxy v h t a IXY b ng php t nh ti n theo OI x ! X  xI p d ng cng th c chuy n h t a : y ! Y  yI

i x ng nn *Y(X) ph i l hm s ch n .Ta c

th hm s c 1 tr c
2

2  X  xI  3  X  xI 
Thu g n ph

7 7 2  y I ! 2  X  xI  3  X  xI   y I ; X 8 8 ng trnh trn ta c 8 xI  6 X  0 y I ! 0 (*), X (* c v s nghi m) 3 , y I 8 xI  6 ! 0 xI !  4

i x ng c a th l ng th ng c pt : x ! 

*Y ( X ) ! Y ( X ) , X

V y tr c

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3 (song song tr c Oy) 4

Bi t p 4
Ch ng minh r ng th (C) c a hm s : i x ng nh n i m I (1,4) lm tm H ng d n : Ch n h t a

x2  2x  3 y! x 1

))& m i IXY v i g c I (1;4) b ng php t nh ti n theo OI x ! X 1 p d ng cng th c chuy n h t a y !Y 4 Ph ng trnh c a (C) trong h t a IXY l :

X Y 4!

 1  2  X  1  3 X2 6 Y ! ! F(X )* X  X  1  1
2

 X  6 ! y F ( X ) !  X

X2 6 X2 6 !  ! F ( X ) X X

F(X )

l hm s l nn

th (C) nh n I(1,4) l tm

i x ng