GEO5 trong phn tch cc Bi ton a k thut cng trnh v p dng vo tnh ton Tng vy, Tng bn thp

KS. Nguyn Xun Thnh KS. Dng Ngc Quang KS. Lu Vn ng KS. Nguyn Trng Huy Geotechnical software suite Geo5 in analyse geotechnical problems and application in calculating diaphragm wall. Abstract: GEO5, a geotechnical software suite of Czech Republic, having more than 20 programs, can solve various geotechnical problems like slope stability, foundation, tunnel, gravity wall... All modules communicate with each other to form an intergrated package. In this articles, we focus in the program "sheeting check", which is used to analyse the diaphragm wall. With the friendly environment and exactly results, GEO5 is very useful for the engineers to design the diaphragm walls.

Phn 1. Gii thiu tng qut v B phn mm GEO5

Hnh 1: Tng quan v phn mm GEO5 B phn mm GEO5 ca hng Fine.Ltd Cng ha Sc bao gm hn 20 cc chng trnh con, ring bit song c lin h cht ch vi nhau, c thit k gii quyt mt lot cc bi ton v a k thut ph bin nh n nh mi dc, m cu, r , tng chn t dng bn, mng nng, mng cc, ln v.v. Ngoi ra, B phn mm ny cng c th dng cho cc ng dng c mc phc tp cao nh phn tch ng hm, nh gi mc nguy him ca cng trnh do thi cng ng hm, n nh ca mi dc v.v. Mt trong nhng li th ca GEO5 chnh l mc tch hp. l mt h thng cht ch da trn c hai Phng php gii tch v Phng php PTHH. (Mt s PM tng t nh Plaxis (H Lan), Sigmaz ca Geo-Slope (Canada) ch s dng Phng php PTHH phn tch.

Phng php tnh ton gii tch (v d nh tng chn, phn tch n nh mi dc) cho php Ngi dng thit k v kim tra kt cu mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu. Cc kt cu c thit k, nu cn, c th c chuyn vo chng trnh PTHH(FEM) phn tch li. iu ny khng ch tit kim thi gian cho cc Nh thit k m cn c th so snh hai gii php mt cch c lp, do mc an ton trong thit k tng ln. B phn mm GEO5 cho php ngi s dng d dng to ra kt qu di dng ha r rng v di dng vn bn. Cc bo co phn tch kt cu l cc ti liu u vo v u ra c bn. Mt danh mc cy c to ra cho php chn ha vo cc vn bn. Trong mi ch u vo hoc m hnh phn tch, c th thm mt hoc nhiu hnh nh minh ho vo danh sch cc hnh nh. Bt k hnh nh no u c th hiu chnh, m rng hoc pha mu. Cc hnh nh c t ng chn vo cc bo co phn tch kt cu v c cp nht nu c bt k s thay i cc d liu u vo. Kt qu rt d hiu v ti liu a ra lun lun c cp nht. Mt tnh nng quan trng na ca B phn mm GEO5 l n c kh nng ph hp vi cc tiu chun v thc hnh nhiu quc gia. Chng da trn nhng l thuyt chung v ph bin; ch c hnh thc kim tra cui cng ph thuc vo cc tiu chun ring ca tng quc gia. Tt c cc ng dng ca GEO5 cho php Ngi dng kim tra cc kt cu theo l thuyt v trng thi gii hn v cng nh phng php h s an ton. Bt k h s gim ti, h s phn tch v.v. c th c thit lp bi Ngi s dng. Bng cch , h c th thit k mt kt cu theo Tiu chun Eurocodes , Anh, Hoa K, c, n v cc tiu chun quc gia khc trong mt Mun. Thit k kt cu B tng ct thp c thc hin theo cc tiu chun xy dng chu u (EC2), PN, Anh (BS), n (IS), Hoa K (ACI) v vv.. B phn mm gm c cc M un (chng trnh con) sau y: 1. Phn tch a k thut bng phng php PTHH (FEM).

FEM: M hnh ho cc bi ton a k thut a dng bng Phng php PTHH (FEM) Tunnel: Phn tch ng hm bng phng php Phn t hu hn (FEM)

2. Thit k mng

Beam: Dm trn nn n hi Micropile: Kim tra cc tit din nh Pile CPT: Kim tra cc da trn th nghim xuyn tnh (CPT) Piles: Kim tra cc n Plate: Phn tch mng v Bn vm bng Phng php PTHH (FEM) Spread Footing: Thit k v kim tra mng nng.

3. Thit k Tng vy, cc c (dng tng tm)

Sheeting design: Thit k kt cu tng dng tm 2

Sheeting check: Phn tch kim tra tng c, tng vy.

4. Thit k tng chn t (dng Tng trng lc)

Abutment: Kim tra cc m tr cu Cantilever wall: Thit k v kim tra Tng chn c u Conson Earth pressures: Tnh ton p lc t ln tng chn Gabion: Kim tra Tng chn r Gravity Wall: Thit k v kim tra tng chn trng lc Masonry Wall: Kim tra Tng chn xy c gia c Nailed slopes: Kim tra kt cu Neo Prefab Wall: Thit k v kim tra Tng chn lp ghp. Redi rock wall: Thit k Tng chn git cp

5. Phn tch n nh ca mi t,

Rock Stability: Phn tch n nh mi dc Slope Stability: Phn tch n nh mi dc

6. Cc kt cu cng trnh ngm

Ground Loss: nh gi mc nguy him ca vic ph hoi cng trnh do thi cng ng hm Tunnel: Phn tch ng hm bng phng php Phn t hu hn (FEM) Settlement: Phn tch ln ca nn t

Digital Model of Terrain (DTM)

Terrain: M hnh s ca b mt a hnh

Phn 2. S dng GEO 5 trong Thit k, kim tra Tng vy (Diaphragm wall) Tng vy hin ang c s dng rng ri trong cc Cng trnh c nhiu tng hm (2 -3 tng hm tr ln). c bit, y l gii php gn nh duy nht khi cng trnh trong iu kin xy chen, c mt bng cht hp trong Thnh ph. Mc d Tng vy c s dng nhiu trong thc t, tuy nhin vic tnh ton, kim tra Tng vy ni chung cha c quan tm ng mc trong qu trnh Thit k. phn tch thit k tng vy hin c th s dng cc phn mm bng PTHH nh Plaxis, Sigmaz T nm 2005 cc k s a k thut c thm mt cng c na la chn l phn mm GEO5, phn mm ny c th tnh ton theo c hai phng php Gi tch v PTHH. s dng GEO5 trong tnh ton Tng vy cn cc chng trnh sau: 1. Thit k Tng chn dng tm (Sheeting Design); 2. Phn tch, kim tra tng c (Sheeting Check); 3. Phn tch n nh mi dc (Slope Stability); Ba phn mm ny s dng phng php Gii tch theo cc l thuyt c in c chp nhn mt cch rng ri gii quyt cc bi ton a k thut. Sau , c th kim tra bi ton bng Li gii PTHH mt cch d dng (copy d liu t PM gii tch dn vo PM FEM) kim tra thm nu cn. 4. Phn mm PTHH (FEM) kim tra - nu cn. Cc tnh nng c bn ca Phn mm Sheeting Design v Sheeting Check: M hnh ho chnh xc ng x ca kt cu trong qu trnh xy dng bng phng php cc p lc c lp; u vo cc loi hnh dng n gin (tng chn dng cc, tng chn c ging, cc c, v.v.) Phn lp mi trng t tng qut; Phn tch cc kt cu tng chn (c neo, c thanh ging v khng c neo); S lng bt k cc loi ti trng ph thm (dng bng, hnh thang v ti trng tp trung); M hnh ho mc nc ngm mt trc v mt sau cc kt cu; Kim tra n nh cc b ca cc neo; Hnh dng tng quan ca a hnh pha sau kt cu; nh hng ca ng t (Mononobe-Okabe, Arrango); Biu bao ni lc cho tt c cc giai on xy dng ring bit; Kim tra n nh tng th ca tng bng chng trnh tnh n nh trt S khc bit c bn gia Sheeting design v Sheeting check l ch: trong khi Sheeting design l bi ton thit k t tm ra chiu su hiu qu ca tng vy sau mt s vng lp cn Sheeting check c s dng trong bi ton kim tra khi c sn chiu su tng vy v phn tch sau cng nn s dng Sheeting check.

Hnh 2: Biu p lc t v Bin dng ca tng

Hnh 3: Biu mmen v lc ct ca tng

Phn3. Phn tch tng vy bng chng trnh sheeting check:

Hnh 4: Cc trnh n trong phn mm Sheeting check 1. Cc bc tnh ton: Bc 1: Trnh n Project (d n) : - Nhp cc d liu v cng trnh nh thng tin d n, ngy thng thit k, thng tin v tc gi, ch u t - Nhp n v chung cho bi ton. Bc 2: Trnh n Analysis methods (phng php phn tch tng): - La chn phng php tnh ton p lc t ( theo tiu chun, l thuyt Coulomb, l thuyt Caqouot...), bao gm p lc ch ng v p lc b ng ca t. +p lc ch ng ca t theo l thuyt Coulomb: p lc ch ng ca t c tnh theo cng thc:

s a = s z .K a - 2.cef .K ac
Trong : sz p lc tnh theo phng ngang cef - Lc dnh hu hiu ca t Ka - H s p lc ch ng Kac - H s p lc ch ng tng ng vi lc dnh H s p lc ch ng ca t c tnh bi biu thc sau: +p lc b ng ca t theo l thuyt Coulomb p lc b ng ca t c tnh theo cng thc:

s p = s z .K p + 2.c. K p
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H s p lc b ng ca t Kp c tnh bi biu thc sau:

Thnh phn ng spv v ngang sph ca p lc b ng ca t c tnh bng:

s px = s p . cos(a + d ) s pz = s p .sin(a + d )

H s p lc ch ng ca t tng ng vi lc dnh c xc nh nh sau: Vi: - a < p/4

K ac =
K ahc =

K ahc cos(d + a )
cos j. cos b . cos(d - a ).(1 + tg (- a ).tgb ) 1 + sin(j + d - a - b )

- a p/4

K ac = K a

- La chn phng php tnh ton nh hng ca ng t (l thuyt Mononobe Okabe, l thuyt Arango). ng t lm tng p lc ch ng v gim p lc b ng tc dng ln tng. Cc l thuyt Mononobe Okabe v Arrango ph hp vi t dnh m khng chu nh hng ca nc. + S gia tng ca p lc t ch ng do tc dng ca ng t:

s ae,i = s o,i .(K ae,i - K a,i )

s o,i = g i .hi (1 - kv )
0 H

Trong :

gi - trng lng n v ca lp t th i Kae,i - h s p lc t ch ng (trng thi tnh v ng) trong lp th i Ka,i - ln ca p lc ca t ti lp th i theo Coulomb hi - chiu dy ca lp t th i + S suy gim ca p lc t b ng do tc dng ca ng t:

s pe,i = s o,i .(K p,i - K pe,i )

s o,i = g i .hi (1 - kv )
0 H

- Nhp s lng phn t hu hn trong tnh ton khi phn tch tng Bc 3: Trnh n Profile: - Nhp cao mt t (Terrain elevation) - Nhp thng s v cc lp t ( su ca cc lp t). Bc 4: Trnh n Modulus Kh : - Nhp gi tr cho moun phn lc ca t nn ( theo Schmith, phn b...) - M un phn lc theo phng ngang ca t nn mt cch tng qut ph hp vi cng l xo trong mu Winkler m t mi quan h gia ti trng tc dng ln mt bn c v bin dng tng ca t c tnh nh sau:

p = k. y
Trong : p - Ti trng tc dng dc theo b mt ca bn t k - cng ca l xo Winkler y - Chuyn v ca tm vo trong t nn. - Trong chng trnh, chng ta c th khai bo m un phn lc t nn di cc dng nh sau: + Dng phn b: gi thit phn b ca m un phn lc ca t pha trc v pha sau cng trnh c nhp + L mt thng s ca t vi gi tr tng ng theo cc cng thc ca Schmitt, CUR166, Menard, Chadeisson, php lp s dng cc thuc tnh bin dng ca t). Bc 5: Trnh n Soils: - La chn mu mt ct cho lp t. - Nhp cc thng s cn thit cho cc lp t. Bc 6: Trnh n Geometry: - Nhp cc thng s cho tng vy: vt liu, dy, chiu cao... Nhng bc khai bo trn l khng i trong sut cc giai on thi cng. Sau khi thi cng tng chn trong t, khi cha tin hnh o, chng trnh coi ni lc v chuyn v trong tng l bng 0. Cc bc tip theo c khai bo trong tng giai on thi cng: Bc 7: Trnh n Assign: - Khai bo cc thng s nhp trong bc 5 cho tng lp t. Bc 8: Trnh n Excavation (o t): - La chn m hnh o t di h o - Khai bo su o t (depth of ditch) - Khai bo hot ti trong h o (nu c) - Lp nn h o (nu c) Bc 9: Trnh n Terrain: - Khai bo m hnh t ngoi h o Bc 10: Trnh n Water: 8

- Khai bo cc thng s v mc nc ngm. + p lc thu tnh ca nc ngm c gi tr nh sau:

u = hw .g w
Trong : gw Khi lng n v ca nc hw Gi tr p lc nc tnh
+ Tc dng ca p lc thu ng ca nc ngm: Khi tnh ton p lc ca t trong khu vc dng chy gim dn, gi tr ca khi lng ring ca t c chng trnh tnh ton nh sau:

g = g su + Dg = g su + i.g w
Trong khu vc dng chy tng dn th :

g = g su - Dg = g su - i.g w
Trong : gsu Khi lng ring ca t chm trong nc

Dg

S thay i khi lng ring ca t

i Gi tr trung bnh ca gradien dng thm. dc thu lc trung bnh oc tnh bi:

i=
Trong :

hw d d +d u

hw S chnh lch ct nc dd Qung ng dng thm xui dng du Qung ng dng thm ngc dng

S thay i khi lng ring ca t:

Dg = i.g w
Bc 11: Trnh n Surcharge: - Nhp hot ti trn mt t Bc 12: Trnh n Applied force: - Nhp cc ngoi lc tc dng ln tng( lc x ngang, mmen un) Bc 13: Trnh n Anchors: - Khai bo cc thng s v neo trong t Bc 14: Trnh n Props: - Khai bo cc thng s v thanh chng Bc 15: Trnh n Supports: - Khai bo cc thng s v gi ta ca tng Bc 16: Trnh n Earthquake: - La chn c tnh ton nh hng ca ng t ti cng trnh hay khng 9

- Nhp cc h s ng t theo phng ngang v phng ng - La chn c k n nh hng ca nc hay khng Bc 17: Trnh n Settings: - La chn tiu chun tnh ton - La chn nhng h s khc trong tnh ton nh h s an ton trong tnh ton n nh.... Bc 18: Trnh n Analysis - n vo trnh n analysis phn tch tng trong giai on thi cng th nht. - Chng trnh s tin hnh phn tch h kt cu tng, t v kt cu chng gi. Kt qu thu c l ni lc ca tng, chuyn v ca tng v p lc t tc dng ln tng Bc 19: Trnh n Internal Stability - Kim tra n nh bn trong tng chn Bc 20: Trnh n External Stability - Kim tra n nh tng th tng chn Sau khi tin hnh kim tra phn tch tng chn trong giai on thi cng th nht, ta chuyn sang giai on thi cng th hai. Cc bc khai bo trong giai on ny tng t giai on th nht. Sau khi phn tch xong tt c cc giai on thi cng, tin hnh in cc thuyt minh v cc biu ni lc, chuyn v: - S dng trnh n Add picture a hnh nh vo thuyt minh - Quay v bc thi cng th nht (Stage of construction), la chn trnh n Envelopes, la chn biu bao ni lc, biu bao chuyn v. - In thuyt minh ( file/ Print document). Thuyt minh c Geo5 a ra ch bao gm cc giai on tnh ton c thc hin. 2. Cc s liu v a cht phc v tnh ton tng vy: - S liu v a tng, chiu su, cao cc lp t. Cc s liu ny c th tm thy d dng trong cc ti liu kho st a cht ca cng trnh. - Cc thng s v t c s dng khai bo trong trnh n Soils ( bc th 5) Bng 1: Cc thng s v t cn khai bo trong chng trnh sheeting check TT 1. 2. 3. 4. Ch tiu Dung trng t nhin Lc dnh kt Gc ni ma st M un bin dng K hiu g cef jef Edef n v kN/m3 kN/m3 Mpa Theo bo co a cht ca cng trnh Ghi ch

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5.

Gc ma st gia t v tng pha ch d ,d ng (dact) v pha act pas b ng (dpas) H s Poisson Dung trng bo ho Dung trng ca t rng ca t n gsat gs n

Gc ma st ny ly t 1/3 n 2/3 gc ni ma st Tham kho trnh n Soil muc classify trong phn mm GEO5

6. 7. 8. 9.

kN/m3 kN/m3 Theo bo co a cht ca cng trnh

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