You are on page 1of 84

Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2010 For Evaluation Only.

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 PHN TCH MNG LI CP NC BNG CHNG TRNH EPANET CHNG 1. GII THIU EPANET 1.1. EPANET l g? EPANET l chng trnh tnh ton mng li cp nc, c kh nng m phng thu lc v cht lng nc theo thi gian. EPANET m phng mng li cp nc bao gm cc on ng, cc nt, cc my bm, cc van, cc b cha v i nc, tnh c lu lng trn mi on ng, p sut ti cc nt, chiu cao nc tng b cha, i nc, nng ca cc cht trn mng theo thi gian lm vic m phng ca mng li. EPANET chy trn nn Windows, to c mt mi trng ho hp cho vic vo d liu ca mng, chy m hnh m phng qu trnh thu lc v cht lng nc, quan st kt qu theo nhiu cch khc nhau. 1.2. Kh nng m phng thu lc (Hydraulic Modeling Capabilities) M hnh m phng thu lc chnh xc l iu kin tin quyt cho s m phng cht lng nc mt cch hiu qu. EPANET cha cc cng c phn tch thu lc rt mnh, c cc kh nng sau: C th phn tch c mng li cp nc khng gii hn v quy m. - Tnh ton tn tht ma st thu lc theo c ba cng thc: Hazen-Williams, hoc Darcy-Weisbach, hoc Chezy-Manning. Tnh c c cc tn tht cc b cc on cong, on ng ni,.... M hnh ho my bm vi s vng quay c nh hoc thay i. Tnh c nng lng bm v gi thnh bm nc.

- M phng cc loi van khc nhau nh van ng (Shutoff), van kim tra (Check), van iu chnh p sut (Pressure regulating), v van iu chnh lu lng (Flow control). - Cho php m phng b cha nc c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau (ng knh c th thay i theo chiu cao). - Tnh n s bin i nhu cu nc ti cc nt, mi nt c th c mt biu dng nc ring. - M hnh ho lu lng dng chy ph thuc p sut t cc nt theo kiu vi phun (Sprinkler heads). - C th cho h thng lm vic khi mc nc trong cc b ng vi cc trng hp: khng bin i (Simple tank), thay i theo thi gian (Timer controls), hoc iu khin theo quy tc phc tp (Complex rule-based controls). 1.3. Kh nng m phng cht lng nc (Water Quality Modeling Capabilities) Ngoi vic m hnh ho thu lc, EPANET cho php m hnh ho cht lng nc vi cc kh nng sau: M hnh ho s chuyn ng ca cht khng phn ng trong mng. 1
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2010 For Evaluation Only.

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 - M hnh ho chuyn ng v s bin i ca cc cht c phn ng trong mng nh s gia tng (v d nh sn phm kh trng) hoc s suy gim (nh d lng Clo) theo thi gian. M hnh ho thi gian lu nc trong khp mng. - Theo di c phn trm lu lng nc t mt nt cho trc n cc nt khc theo thi gian. - M hnh ho phn ng c trong dng chy (Bulk Flow) ln trn thnh ng (Pipe Wall). S dng ng hc bc 'n' m hnh ho phn ng trong dng chy. S dng ng hc bc '0' hoc bc nht m hnh ho phn ng ti thnh ng. K n vic cn tr s vn chuyn nc khi m hnh ho phn ng ti thnh ng. Cho php cc phn ng gia tng hoc suy gim n mt nng gii hn.

- S dng cc h s mc ph`n ng chung, tuy nhin cng c th thay i ring cho tng on ng. Cho php h s phn ng ca thnh ng lin h c vi nhm ca ng. - Cho php nng hoc khi lng vt cht bin i theo thi gian a vo mt v tr bt k trong mng. M hnh ho cc b cha nh l b phn ng vi cc kiu trn khc nhau. Vi cc c im nh vy, EPANET c th xem xt c cc vn v cht lng nc nh: S pha trn nc t cc ngun khc nhau; Thi gian lu nc trong h thng; S suy gim d lng Clo; S gia tng cc sn phm kh trng; Theo di s lan truyn cc cht nhim.

1.4. Cc bc s dng EPANET (Steps in Using EPANET) Vic p dng chng trnh EPANET m phng mt h thng cp nc c thc hin theo cc bc c bn di y: 1) V s biu din mng cp nc (Adding Objects). 2) Bin tp cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng ca mng (Editing Objects). 3) M t h thng lm vic nh th no: cc ng quan h (Curves), cc mu hnh thi gian (Time Patterns), cc lnh iu khin (Controls). 4) Chn cc chc nng phn tch (Setting Analysis Options) t cc thuc tnh cho cc i tng v cc mt: thu lc, cht lng, phn ng, thi gian, nng lng,... 5) Chy chng trnh phn tch thu lc hoc cht lng nc (Running an Analysis). 6) Xem kt qu (Viewing Results).
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 CHNG 2. HNG DN NHANH CCH S DNG EPANET 2.1. Mng li v d (Example Network) Trong chng ny gii thiu mt v d mng li phn phi nc n gin th hin nh hnh v 2.1. Mng ny bao gm: b cha ngun (chng hn l b cha nc sch ca trm x l), t nc c bm vo mng li ng ng c hai vng. Ngoi ra cn c thm mt ng ng dn ti mt i cha ni ln trn h thng. Cc nhn (ID labels) cho cc thnh phn khc nhau c biu din trn hnh v. Cc thuc tnh nt ca mng li c th hin trong bng 2.1. Cc thuc tnh ca ng c lit k trong bng 2.2. My bm (9) c th to ra mt ct nc 46 m vi lu lng 38 l/s, v i nc (nt 8) c ng knh 12 m, mc nc nh nht 1,0 m, v mc nc ti a 6,0 m, mc nc ban u l 1,2 m.

Hnh 2.1. V d v mt mng li ng ng Bng 2.1. V d cc thuc tnh nt ca mng li Nt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

cao (m) 210 210 220 210 200 210 210

Nhu cu c bn (l/s) 0 0 9 9 13 9 0 3

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 8 250

Bng 2.1. V d cc thuc tnh ng ng ca mng li ng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Chiu di (m) 900 1500 1500 1500 1500 2100 1500 2100 ng knh (mm) 350 300 200 200 200 250 150 150 H s nhm n 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,014

2.2. Thit lp bn v (Project Setup) Trc ht, nhim v u tin ca chng ta l to ra mt bn v h thng (Project) mi trn EPANET. bt u, m EPANET, hoc nu EPANET khi ng ri th chn File >> New (t thanh menu) to ra mt project mi. Tip theo chn Project >> Defaults m hp thoi m dng ca hp c th hin hnh 2.2. Chng ta s s dng hp thoi ny cho EPANET t ng gn nhn cho cc i tng mi vi cch nh s lin tip bt u t s t 1 v cng thm 1 mi khi chng c thm vo mng li. Trn trang ID Labels ca hp thoi xo ht cc ni dung trong ct ID Prefix v t bc tng ID (ID Increment) bng 1 (hnh 2.2).

Hnh 2.2. Hp thoi Project Defaults Sau chn trang Hydraulics ca hp thoi v chn n v o lu lng (Flow
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Units) l LPS (liters per second, l/s). Khi , h n v SI s c s dng cho tt c cc i lng (chiu di bng mt, ng knh ng bng mili-mt, p sut bng mt ct nc, v.v...). Cng chn cng thc Chezy-Manning nh l cng thc tnh tn tht ct nc trong ng (hnh 2. 2). Nu mun gi cc la chn ny cho tt c cc projects mi trong tng lai, bn c th nh du vo hp Save di y hp thoi trc khi chp nhn n bng vic nhn nt OK. Tip theo chng ta s chn vi chc nng hin th s mng li khi chng ta thm cc i tng ln s , chng ta s thy nhn v k hiu ca chng c hin th. Chn View >> Options hin th hp thoi Map Options. Chn trang Notation hp thoi v nh du cc ci t (th hin hnh 2.3 di y). Sau chuyn sang trang Symbols v nh du cho tt c cc hp. Nhp nt OK chp nhn nhng la chn ny v ng hp thoi li. Cui cng, trc khi v mng li, chng ta phi m bo rng cc ci t t l bn ca chng ta l c chp nhn. Chn View >> Dimensions lm hin ra hp thoi Map Dimensions. Ch rng cc kch thc mc nh ny s c ch nh cho project mi. Nhng ci t ny p ng cho th d y. Sau nhp nt OK.

Hnh 2.3. Hp thoi Map Options 2.3. V mng li cp nc (Drawing the Network) S dng chut v cc nt nm trn thanh cng c bn (Map Toolbar) c th hnh di y. (Nu khng nhn thy thanh cng c ny th chn View >> Toolbars >> Map).
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

. Tip theo nhp chut trn bn Trc ht chng ta v b cha. Nhp nt Reservoir ti v tr ca b cha (v tr no bn tri ca bn ). Sau thm vo cc mi ni. Nhp nt Junction v tr ca cc nt t nt 2 n nt 7. v sau nhp vo bn ti cc

v nhp vo bn ni t i Cui cng thm i nc bng cch nhp nt Tank nc. n y s mng phi s c dng ging nh bn v trong hnh 2.4.

Hnh 2.4. Bn mng li sau khi nhp cc nt

Sau chng ta nhp thm cc ng ng vo. Hy bt u t ng 1, ni nt 2 ti nt trn Toolbar. Nhp chut vo nt 2 trn bn v sau n nt 3. Nhp nt Pipe 3. Lp li cch v ny cho cc ng t 2 ti 7. ng 8 c hnh ng cong. Mun v n nhp chut vo nt 5. Sau trong qu trnh di chuyn chut ti nt 6 hy nhp chut ti nhng im m cn c s i hng to ra hnh dng ng cong mong mun. Kt thc qu trnh v bng vic nhp vo nt 6.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Cui cng thm my bm vo. Nhp nt Pump nt 2. , ri nhp vo nt 1 v sau l

Tip theo chng ta s to nhn cho b cha, my bm, v i nc. Hy chn nt Text v nhp vo mt ni no cnh b cha (nt 1) Mt hp iu chnh s xut hin, Hy g vo t B v sau g Enter. Nhp bn cnh my bm v nhp nhn ca n trn vo (BM), ri lm tng t cho i nc (I). Sau nhp nt Selection Toolbar a bn vo ch Object Selection thay v ch Text Insertion. n y chng ta hon thnh vic v mng li. Mng li ca bn phi ging nh bn hnh 1.1. Nu cc nt nm sai v tr bn c th di chuyn chng bng cch nhp vo nt , gi chut tri v ko n ti v tr mi. Ch quan st xem cc ng ni c di chuyn cng vi nt nh th no. Cc nhn cng c th thay i v tr theo cch tng t. Mun to li dng ng cong ca ng 8 th lm nh sau: 1) Trc ht nhp ln ng 8 chn n v sau nhp nt bn vo ch Vertex Selection. trn Toolbar a

2) Chn mt nh (Vertex) trn ng bng cch nhp ln n, gi nt tri chut v sau ko n ti mt v tr mi ri th nt tri chut ra. 3) Nu cn, c th thm hoc xo bt nh ca tuyn ng bng cch nhp nt phi chut v chn chc nng thch ng trn menu xut hin trn mn hnh. 4) Khi kt thc, nhp vo tr li ch Object Selection.

2.4. nh cc thuc tnh ca i tng (Setting Object Properties) Khi cc i tng c thm vo mt Project, chng c gn bi mt tp hp cc thuc tnh mc nh. Mun thay i thit lp ca mt thuc tnh c th chng ta phi chn i tng vo Property Editor (hnh 2.5). C mt s cch khc nhau lm vic ny. Nu hp thoi Editor nhn thy th bn c th lm cho n (Property Editor) xut hin bng mt trong nhng thao tc sau: 1) Nhp p vo i tng trn bn . 2) Nhp nt phi chut ln i tng v chn Properties t ca s xut hin trn mn hnh.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 3) Chn i tng t trang Data ca ca s Browser ri nhp nt Browsers Edit . Mi khi trong Property Editor c sng ln, bn c th nhn phm F1 c c nhng hng dn y hn v nhng thuc tnh c lit k.

Hnh 2.5. Property Editor

Chng ta hy bt u son tho cc thuc tnh bng cch chn nt 2 vo Property Editor nh cch ni trn. By gi chng ta nhp cao v nhu cu nc cho nt ny trong cc thch hp. Bn c th dng cc phm mi tn Up v Down trn bn phm hay con chut di chuyn gia cc ny. Chng ta ch cn nhp ln mt i tng khc (nt hay ng ni) lm cho cc thuc tnh ca n tip tc xut hin trong Property Editor. Chng ta cng c th nhn phm Page Down hay Page Up di chuyn ti i tng tip theo hay i tng trc vi cng mt loi s liu. Nh vy ch cn di chuyn t i tng ny sang i tng khc v in cao v lu lng yu cu cho cc nt, chiu di, ng knh v nhm cho cc ng ni,... i vi b cha, nhp cao ca n (210) trong tng ct p (Total Head). i vi i nc; nhp 250 cho cao ca n; nhp 1,2 cho mc nc ban u; nhp 6,0 cho mc nc ln nht v 12 cho ng knh ca n. i vi my bm, chng ta cn phi
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 gn cho n mt ng cong (quan h gia ct nc v lu lng). Nhp nhn ID 1 trong Pump Curve. Tip theo chng ta s to ra Pump Curve 1. T trang Data ca ca s Browser, chn . Mt ng cong 1 s Curves t hp danh sch th xung v sau nhp nt Add c thm vo c s d liu v hp thoi Curve Editor s xut hin (hnh 2.6) Nhp ct nc thit k my bm (46 m) v lu lng thit k (38 l/s) vo biu ny. EPANET s t ng to ra ng c tnh my bm hon chnh t 1 im duy nht ny. Phng trnh ca ng cong c biu din vi dng ca n. Nhp OK ng Editor.

Hnh 2.6. Curve Editor 2.5. Lu v m bn v (Saving and Opening Projects) Sau khi hon thnh thit k ban u ca mng li, cn phi lu li cng vic ca chng ta vo mt file. 1) T menu File chn Save as. 2) T hp thoi Save as chn th mc v tn file cn lu Project vo . Phn m rng .net s c thm vo tn ca file mt cch mc nh nu ta khng cung cp.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 3) Nhp OK lu Project ny vo file. Cc d liu ca Project c a vo file di dng nh phn. Nu bn mun lu d liu vo tp tin di dng vn bn c th c c, hy dng lnh File >> Export >> Network. Mun m Project, chng ta chn lnh Open t menu File.

2.6. Chy m hnh m phng mt thi on (Running a Single Period Analysis) By gi chng ta c thng tin chy mt m hnh phn tch thu lc mt thi on trn mng li v d nu trn. chy m hnh chn Project >> Run Analysis t thanh cng c (Standard Toolbar). (Nu Toolbar cha nhn hoc nhp nt Run thy th hy chn View >> Toolbars >> Standard t thanh Menu). Nu chng trnh khng chy c th mt ca s Status Report s xut hin ra v cho bit c vn (li) g. Nu chy thnh cng th bn c th xem kt qu theo nhiu cch. Hy chn mt s trong nhng thao tc sau: 1) Chn Node Pressure t trang Browsers Map v quan st gi tr p sut cc nt c m mu (color-coded) nh th no. Mun xem li ch gii cho s m mu ny, hy chn View >> Legends >> Node (hoc nhp nt phi chut ln phn trng ca bn v chn Node Legends t ca s hin ra). chn khong mu ca li ch gii, nhp nt phi chut ln li ch gii lm cho Legends Editor xut hin. 2) Li hp thoi Property Editor ra (nhp p v bt k nt hay ng ni no) v nhn nhn kt qu tnh ton c hin trn cc cui (mu vng sng) ca danh sch cc thuc tnh. 3) To ra mt danh sch kt qu bng bng biu bng cch chn Report >> Table trn Standard Toolbar. Hnh 2.7 hin th mt bng (hay bng cch nhp nt Table nh vy cho cc kt qu tnh ton cho cc ng ni trong ln chy ny. Lu rng cc lu lng c du m c ngha l lu lng chy ngc hng vi hng v on ng lc u.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

10

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Bng 2.7. V d cc kt qu tnh ton cho cc ng ni

2.7. Chy m hnh m phng theo thi gian (Running an Extended Period Analysis) cho mng li ca chng ta c tnh thc t hn cho vic phn tch theo thi gian hot ng di, chng ta s to ra mt mu hnh thi gian (Time Pattern) lm cho cc lu lng yu cu ti cc nt thay i mt cch c chu k trong mi ngy. i vi v d n gin ny chng ta s s dng mt mu hnh thi gian c di mi thi on (bc thi gian) l 6 gi, nh vy lu lng yu cu thay i 4 ln trong mt ngy. (Bc thi gian 1 gi l mt con s in hnh hn v l s mc nh gn cho Project mi). Chng ta sp xp cc bc thi gian bng cch chn Options-Times t Data Browser, nhp vo nt Browsers Edit lm cho Property Editor xut hin (nu nh cha thy trn mn hnh). V nhp 6 cho gi tr ca bc thi gian (nh th hin hnh 2.8 di y). Khi lm cho Time Options xut hin, chng ta cng c th nh khong thi gian m chng ta mun ko di chy chng trnh. Chng ta s dng khong thi gian 3 ngy (nhp 72 gi cho thuc tnh Duration).

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

11

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 2.8. Tu chn thi gian (Time Options)

. Mt to ra mu hnh, hy chn Patterns trong Browser sau nhp nt Add mu hnh mi 1 s c to ra v hp thoi Pattern Editor s xut hin (xem hnh 2.9). Nhp cc gi tr nhn t 0,5; 1,3; 1,0; 1,2 cho cc khong thi gian t 1 ti 4 s to c mt mu hnh vi thi gian ko di 24 ting. S dng cc nhn t ny thay i lu lng yu cu so vi lu lng yu cu c bn trong tng thi on. Bi v chng ta ang to ra thi gian chy l 72 gi nn mu hnh s quay li im xut pht sau mi khong thi gian 24 gi.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

12

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Hnh 2.9. Pattern Editor

By gi chng ta phi gn mu hnh 1 cho thuc tnh Demand Pattern (mu hnh lu lng yu cu) ca tt c cc nt trong mng. Chng ta c th s dng mt trong cc Hydraulic Options ca EPANET trnh vic phi son tho cho cc mi ni tng ci mt. Nu bn lm xut hin Hydraulic Options trong Property Editor bn s thy c mt mc gi l Default Pattern. Vic gn nh gi tr ca n bng 1 s lm cho Demand Pattern ti mi mi ni bng mu hnh 1, mt khi khng c mu hnh no khc c gn cho mi ni ny. trn Tip theo chy php phn tch (chn Project >> Run Analysis hoc nhp nt thanh Standard Toolbar). i vi php phn tch theo thi gian di bn c mt s cch na xem kt qu: Thanh cun trong cc nt kim sot Time ca Browser s c s dng hin th bn mng li ti nhng thi im khc nhau. Hy thc hin vic ny vi p sut (Pressure) c chn l thng s ca nt v lu lng (Flow) l thng s ca ng ni. Cc nt theo kiu VCR trong Browser c th kch hot bn theo thi gian. Nhp nt Forward (chy ti) bt u chy hot nh v nt Stop dng li. Hy thm cc mi tn hng dng chy bn (chn View >> Options, chn trang Flow Arrows t hp thoi Map Options v nh du (check) mt kiu mi tn m bn mun s dng) Sau bt u chy li hot nh v ch s thay i hng dng chy theo thi gian ca dng chy qua ng ni vi i nc khi i nc nhn nc v x nc. Hy to ra bn v lot thi gian cho bt k mt nt hay mt ng ni no. V d mun xem cao ca nc trong i thay i nh th no theo thi gian th: 1) Nhp vo i nc. 2) Chn Report >> Graph (hoc nhp nt Graph th hp thoi Graph Selection. 4) Chn Head (ct nc) nh l thng s v. 5) Nhp OK chp nhn vic chn th ca bn.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

trn Standard Toolbar) s hin

3) Chn nt Time Series (lot thi gian) trn hp thoi.

13

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Ch tnh chu k ca th biu th cao ca nc trong i theo thi gian.

Hnh 2.10. V d v hnh v theo lot thi gian

2.8. Chy mt php phn tch cht lng nc (Running a Water Quality Analysis) Tip theo chng ta s thy cch m rng php phn tch mng li v d ca chng ta n bao gm c vic phn tch cht lng nc. Trng hp n gin nht l theo di s pht trin ca tui nc (Age), cn gi l thi gian lu nc), trn ton mng li theo thi gian. thc hin vic phn tch ny chng ta ch cn chn Age cho thuc tnh Parameter trong Quality Options (chn Options-Quality t trang Data ca Browser, ri nhp nt Browser's Edit lm cho Property Editor xut hin). Hy chy php phn tch v chn Age nh l thng s xem trn bn . Hy to ra mt bn v lot thi gian cho Age trong i nc. Lu rng khng ging nh mc nc, 72 gi l khng thi gian thi gian lu nc trong i t ti quan h chu k. (iu kin ban u mc nh l bt u tt c cc nt vi thi gian lu nc bng 0). Hy th lp li s m phng vi vic s dng khong thi gian 240 gi hoc gn 60 gi cho tui nc ban u trong i.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

14

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Cui cng, chng ta s m phng s vn chuyn v s phn r ca Clo qua mng li. Hy thc hin nhng thay i sau cho c s d liu: 1) T Data Browser chn Options-Quality son tho. Nhn nt Edit hin ra hp thoi Quanlity Option. Trong Parameter g vo t "Clo". 2) Chuyn sang Options-Reactions trong Browser. Vi Global Bulk Coefficient nhp gi tr -1.0. iu ny phn nh tc m ti Clo s phn r do nhng phn ng trong khi dng theo thi gian. Tc ny s p dng cho tt c cc ng trong mng li. Bn c th sa tr s ny cho cc ng ring r nu bn cn. 3) Hy nhp vo b nc v n nh Initial Quality ca n bng 1,0. y l nng Clo lin tc i vo mng li. (Hy n nh cht lng ban u trong i bng 0 nu nh bn thay i n.) By gi hy chy v d. S dng cc kim tra thi gian trn Map Browser xem mc Clo thay i theo v tr v thi gian nh th no trn ton b s m phng. Lu rng, i vi mng li n gin ny, ch c cc mi ni 5, 6 v 7 nhn thy c mc Clo b gim xung do c cung cp bi nc Clo nng thp t i nc. Hy to ra mt bo co phn ng (reaction report) cho ln chy ny bng cch chn Report >> Reaction t menu chnh. Bo co ny trng ging nh hnh 2.1. N cho thy, trung bnh lng Clo tht thot l bao nhiu xy ra trn cc ng ng i din vi i. Thut ng "khi" ch cc phn ng xy ra trong khi dng chy cht lng, cn "thnh" ch cc phn ng vi vt liu trn thnh ng. Phn ng sau bng 0 v chng ta khng nh r bt c h s phn ng thnh no trong v d ny.

Hnh 2.11. V d bo co phn ng (Reaction Report)


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

15

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Chng ta mi ch chm vo b mt ca nhiu kh nng khc nhau m EPANET cung cp. Mt s iu c trng na ca chng trnh EPANET m bn phi tip tc tm hiu v nghin cu l: - Sa i mt thuc tnh cho mt nhm cc i tng nm bn trong mt vng xc nh bi ngi s dng. - S dng cc cu lnh iu khin b tr vn hnh my bm ng gi trong ngy hoc mc nc i. - Kho st cc chc nng bn khc nhau, chng hn nh lm cho kch c ca nt lin quan ti gi tr. - Gn mt bn nn (backdrop), chng hn nh bn ng ph vo trong bn mng li. - To ra nhiu loi biu khc nhau, chng hn nh cc bn v mt ct v cc bn v ng ng mc. Thm cc s liu nh c vo mt Project v xem mt bo co nh c. Copy bn , biu , hay mt bo co vo clipboard hoc vo mt file.

- Lu v ly li mt kch bn thit k (c ngha l cc lu lng yu cu nt hin ti, cc gi tr nhm ng, v.v...).

CHNG 3.

M HNH MNG LI

Phn ny ni v cch m EPANET m hnh ho cc i tng vt l to thnh h thng phn phi nc cng nh cc thng s ca n. Cc chi tit v vn lm th no nhng thng tin ny c nhp vo chng trnh s c gii thiu trong cc phn tip theo. Phn ny cng khi qut phng php tnh ton m EPANET s dng m phng quan h thu lc v truyn cht.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

16

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 3.1. Cc thnh phn vt l ca mng li (Physical Components) EPANET m hnh ho h thng phn phi nh l mt tp hp cc ng ni c ni vi cc nt. Cc ng ni miu t cc ng, my bm, v van iu khin. Cc nt miu t cc mi ni, i nc v b cha. Hnh di y minh ho cc i tng ny c ni vi nhau nh th no to thnh mt mng li.

Hnh 3.1. Cc thnh phn vt l trong mt h thng phn phi nc.

Cc mi ni (Junctions) Mi ni l nhng im trong mng li ni cc ng ni c ni li vi nhau v ni nc i vo hoc i ra khi mng li. Cc s liu u vo c bn ca mi ni l: - cao trn mt mc chun no (thng mc chun l mc nc bin trung bnh); Lu lng yu cu (lu lng nc ly ra khi mng); Cht lng nc ban u.

Cc kt qu u ra c tnh ton cho cc mi ni trong mi khong thi gian m phng l: Ct nc (nng lng trn mt n v trng lng cht lng); p sut; Cht lng nc.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

17

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Cc mi ni cng c th: C lu lng yu cu thay i theo thi gian; C cc mu hnh khc nhau ca lu lng yu cu gn cho chng; C cc lu lng m biu th nc i vo mng li; Cha cc vi phun (hoc bnh phun) cho lu lng chy ra ph thuc vo p lc.

B cha (Reservoirs) B cha l nhng nt biu th cho ngun nc bn ngoi khng xc nh ti mng li. Chng c s dng m hnh ho cho nhng vt th nh: h, sng, cc tng ngm nc ngm v cc mi lin h vi cc h thng khc. Cc b cha cng ng vai tr nh nhng im ngun cht lng nc. Cc thuc tnh u vo ban u ca b cha l ct nc ca n (bng vi cao mt nc nu b cha khng c p) v cht lng ban u ca n cho vic phn tch cht lng nc. V b cha l mt im bin ti mt mng li, nn ct nc v cht lng nc c th khng b nh hng bi nhng g xy ra bn trong mng li. Do n khng c cc thuc tnh u ra theo tnh ton. Tuy nhin ct nc ca n c th thay i theo thi gian bng cch n nh cho n mt mu hnh thi gian (xem cc mu hnh thi gian bn di). i nc (Tanks) i nc l cc nt c kh nng tr nc, ni m th tch nc c th thay i theo thi gian trong sut qu trnh m phng. Cc thuc tnh u vo ca i nc l: cao y (ni su nc bng khng); ng knh (hay hnh dng nu khng phi l hnh tr); Mc nc ban u, mc nc thp nht v mc nc cao nht; Cht lng ban u.

Cc i nc i hi phi vn hnh trong mt phm vi t mc nc nh nht ti mc nc ln nht ca chng. EPANET ngng dng chy ra nu nc trong i mc nh nht v ngng dng chy vo nu mc cao nht. Cc i nc cng ng vai tr nh l cc im ngun cht lng nc.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

18

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 u ly nc (Emitters) u ly nc l cc thit b kt hp vi mi ni m c th m hnh ho dng chy qua mt vi hoc l x ra khng kh. Lu lng ly ra t u ly nc bin i nh l mt hm s ca p sut ti nt: q = C.p trong : q - lu lng; p - p sut; C - h s lu lng; - s m ca p sut. i vi cc u vi v l th ly =0,5 v nh sn xut thng cung cp tr s ca h s lu lng (theo n v gpm/psi0,5 hoc lps/kpc0,5), biu th lu lng qua thit b p sut c tr s 1 n v. u ly nc c s dng m phng lu lng qua h thng vi trong mng li ti nc. Chng cng c th s dng m phng l h trong ng ni vi nt (nu h s lu lng v s m p sut cho ch thng hoc ch ni c th nh gi c) hoc tnh lu lng cha chy ti nt (lu lng c th ti vi im c p sut d nh nht). Trng hp cui cng, u ly nc s dng mt gi tr ln ca h s lu lng (chng hn 100 ln dng chy ln nht) v thay i cao trnh nt bao gm ct nc tng ng ca ch p sut. EPANET x l u ly nc nh l mt thuc tnh ca mi ni v khng phi l thnh phn mng ring. Cc ng (Pipes) ng l ng ni c th vn chuyn nc t mt im ny ti mt im khc trong mng. EPANET cho rng tt c cc on ng y nc ti mi thi gian. Hng ca dng chy l t ni c ct nc cao sang ni c ct nc thp. Cc thng s thu lc u vo ch yu cho cc ng l: Nt u v nt cui; ng knh ng; 19

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 - Chiu di; H s nhm ( tnh ton tn tht thu lc); Trng thi (m, ng hoc c van).

Cc thng s v trng thi cho php ng hon ton cha van ngt (van ca), van mt chiu (ch cho dng chy i theo mt chiu nht nh). Cc thng s u vo cht lng nc cho ng gm: H s phn ng khi; H s phn ng thnh.

Cc h s ny s c gii thch k hn phn sau. Kt qu tnh ton cho cc ng gm: Lu lng; Vn tc; Tn tht ct nc; H s ma st Darcy-Weisbach; H s phn ng trung bnh (trn chiu di ng); Cht lng nc trung bnh (trn chiu di ng).

Tn tht thu lc do nc chy trong ng ph thuc vo s ma st vi thnh ng c th c tnh ton bng vic s dng mt trong ba cng thc: Cng thc Hazen-Williams, Cng thc Darcy-Weisbach, Cng thc Chezy-Manning.

Cng thc Hazen-Williams thng c s dng nhiu nht M. N khng c s dng cho cc cht lng khc ngoi nc v ban u ch c s dng cho dng chy ri. Cng thc Darcy-Weisbach l ng nht v mt l thuyt. N c p dng cho tt c cc ch dng chy v cho tt c cc cht lng.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

20

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Cng thc Chezy-Manning c s dng ph bin hn cho dng chy trong knh h. Mi cng thc u s dng phng trnh sau tnh tn tht thu lc gia im u v im cui ca on ng: hL = A.qB trong : hL - tn tht ct nc; q - lu lng; A - h s sc cn; B - s m lu lng. Bng 3.1 lit k cc biu thc cho h s sc cn A v gi tr s m lu lng B cho mi cng thc tnh tn tht thu lc. Mi cng thc s dng mt h s nhm khc nhau xc nh bng thc nghim.

Bng 3.1. Cc cng thc tnh tn tht ct nc trong ng chy y (tn tht ct nc tnh bng ft v tc dng chy tnh bng cfs) Cng thc Hazen-Williams Darcy-Weisbach Chezy-Manning Ch : C - h s nhm Hazen-Williams - h s nhm Darcy-Weisbach (ft) f - h s ma st (ph thuc vo e, d, v q) n - h s nhm Manning d - ng knh ng (ft) L - chiu di ng (ft) H s sc cn A 4,727 C
2 -1,852

S m lu lng B L 1,852 2 2

-4,871 -5

0,0252 f(e,d,q)d L 4,66 n d


-5,33

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

21

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Bng 3.2. Cc h s nhm cho ng mi Hazen-Williams Vt liu lm ng Gang c B tng St trng km Nha Thp Gm trng men C (khng th nguyn) 130 - 140 120 -140 120 140 - 150 140 - 150 110 Darcy-Weisbach e (millifeet) 0,85 1,0 - 10 0,5 0,005 0,15 Manning's n (khng th nguyn) 0,012 - 0,015 0,012 - 0,017 0,015 - 0,017 0,011 - 0,015 0,015 - 0,017 0,013 - 0,015

Cc ng c th c n nh cho m hay ng ti cc thi im nh trc hoc khi c mt s iu kin c th nh trc c tho mn, chng hn khi mc nc trong i tt xung hay vt qu cc mc nc nh trc no , hoc khi cc p sut nt gim xung di hay vt qu nhng gi tr nht nh. Hy xem vic tho lun v cc nt kim sot trong phn 3.2.

Tn tht cc b Tn tht cc b (gi l Local losses hoc Minor head losses) c sinh ra do s ri lon dng chy xy ra ti nhng ch un cong v ni ng. Tm quan trng ca vic k n nhng tn tht nh vy ph thuc v s b tr mng li v chnh xc i hi. Cc tn tht ny c th c tnh bng cch gn cho ng mt h s tn tht cc b. Tn tht cc b s l tch s ca h s ny vi ct nc vn tc trong ng:
v2 2g

h L = K.

trong : K - h s tn tht cc b; v - vn tc dng chy;


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

22

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 g - gia tc trng trng. H s tn tht cc b K c tra t cc bng thu lc, cng c th ly theo ngh ca EPANET nh bng 3.3 di y:

Bng 3.3. H s tn tht cc b Van cu, m hon ton: Van nghing, m hon ton: Van ong ong a, m hon ton: Van cng, m hon ton: Un cong, bn knh nh: Un cong, bn knh trung bnh: Un cong, bn knh trung ln: Un cong cong 45 : Ch r (u thng bt): T tiu chun, dng chy trn nhnh thng: T tiu chun, dng chy trn nhnh r: Ch vo, cnh vung: Ch ra:
0

10,0 5,0 2,5 0,2 0,9 0,8 0,6 0,4 2,2 0,6 1,8 0,5 1,0

My bm My bm l ng ni truyn nng lng cho cht lng, qua nng ct p thu lc ln. Cc thng s u vo c bn ca my bm l: nt u v nt cui, ng c tnh (t hp ca cc lu lng v cc ct nc m my bm c th cung cp). Thay cho ng c tnh, my bm c th c miu t nh mt thit b nng lng khng i, mt thit b cung cp mt nng lng (m lc hoc kilowat) cho dng chy cho tt c cc kt hp gia lu lng v ct nc. Cc thng s u ra c bn l lu lng v ct nc thu c. Dng chy qua bm ch c mt hng duy nht v EPANET khng cho php mt my bm hot ng ngoi
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

23

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 phm vi ng c tnh ca n. My bm c tc quay thay i c cn c th c xem xt bng cch nh r rng tc ca n thay i trong cng mt loi cc iu kin. Theo nh ngha ng c tnh gc ca my bm m ta cp cho chng trnh c tc tng i bng 1. Nu tc ca my bm gp i th gi tr tng i s l 2, nu chy vi mt na tc th gi tr tng i ca tc s l 0,5, v.v... Vic thay i tc s lm bin i ng c tnh ca my bm. Nh i vi cc ng, my bm c th c bt v tt vo nhng thi gian nh trc hay theo mt iu kin nht nh tn ti trong mng li. S vn hnh my bm cng c th c m t bng cch n nh cho n mt mu hnh thi gian vi nhng gi tr nhn t l cc tc tng i. EPANET cng c th tnh c nng lng tiu th v chi ph cho vic bm nc. Mi my bm c th c n nh mt ng c tnh hiu sut v mt ch gi in. Nu nhng th ny khng c cung cp th mt tp hp cc la chn nng lng s c s dng. Dng chy qua bm l dng chy mt chiu. Nu iu kin ca h thng i hi ct nc bm cao hn kh nng ca my th EPANET ng my bm li. Nu lu lng yu cu ln hn lu lng ca my bm th EPANET ngoi suy ng c tnh ca my bm n lu lng yu cu, thm ch iu ny sinh ra mt ct nc m. Trong c hai trng hp th mt thng ip cnh bo s c a ra. Van (Valves) Van l nhng ng ni m c th khng ch p sut hay lu lng ti mt im nht nh trong mng li. Cc thng s u vo chnh ca van l: - Nt u v nt cui; - ng knh; - Thit lp; - Trng thi. Cc gi tr u ra tnh ton l lu lng v tn tht ct nc. Cc loi van khc nhau c trong EPANET l: - Van gim p - Van gi p
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Pressure Sustaining Valve (PSV) 24

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 - Van ngt p Pressure Breaker Valve (PBV) - Van kim sot lu lng - Van kim sot tit lu - Van mc ch chung Flow Control Valve (FCV) Throttle Control Valve (TCV) General Purpose Valve (GPV).

Cc van gim p (PRV) khng ch p sut ti mt im trong mng li. EPANET tnh ton l mt PRV c th mt trong 3 trng thi sau: - M mt phn (c ngha l hot ng) t c mt thit lp p sut nh pha h lu khi p sut pha thng lu cao hn p sut nh. M hon ton nu p sut pha thng lu thp hn thit lp nh. - ng hon ton nu p sut pha h lu vt qu p sut pha thng lu (ngha l dng chy ngc l khng c php). Cc van gi p (PSV) duy tr mt p sut nht nh ti mt im c th trong mng ng. EPANET tnh ton l mt PSV c th mt trong 3 trng thi sau: - M mt phn (hot ng) duy tr thit lp p sut ca n pha thng lu khi p lc pha h lu thp hn thit lp ny. M hon ton nu p lc pha h lu cao hn thit lp. - ng hon ton nu p sut pha h lu vt qu p sut pha thng lu (ngha l dng chy ngc l khng c php). Van ngt p (PBV) bt buc mt tn tht p sut danh ngha xy ra qua van. Dng chy qua van c th hng kia ti. PBV khng phi l mt thit b vt l thc s nhng c th c s dng lp m hnh cc tnh hung m mt s gim p sut c bit l c thc. Van kim sot lu lng (FCV) khng ch lu lng mt gi tr danh ngha. Chng trnh s a ra mt thng bo nu lu lng ny khng th duy tr c nu khng b sung thm ct nc ti van (ngha l lu lng khng th duy tr c nay c khi van m hon ton). Van kim sot tit lu (TCV) m phng van ng mt phn bng cch iu chnh h s tn tht cc b ca van. Nh sn xut van thng cung cp cho chng ta mi quan h gia mc ng van v h s tn tht cc b. Van mc ch chung (GPV) ng vai tr ca mt ng ni, ni m ngi s dng cung cp mt quan h c bit gia lu lng v tn tht ct nc (Q~hL) thay cho
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

25

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 tun theo mt cng thc thu lc chun. Van ny c dng m hnh ho turbines, van ngn dng chy ngc. Van ng m (Shutoff, Gate) v van mt chiu (khng chy ngc) dng m hay ng ng hon ton ng. Van khng c coi l cc ng ni van ring, m thay vo n bao gm nh mt thuc tnh ca ng ni chng c lp. Mi loi van c mt thng s thit lp khc nhau m t im lm vic ca n (p sut cho cc van PRV, PSV, PBV; lu lng cho cc van FCV; h s tn tht cho cc van TCV, v ng cong tn tht ct nc cho cc van GPV). Cc van c th b trn tnh trng kim sot khi ta n nh cho chng m hon ton hay ng hon ton. Trng thi ca van v thit lp ca chng c th thay i trong thi gian ca s m phng bng vic s dng cc cu lnh iu khin. Do cch lp m hnh van m cc quy tc sau y c p dng khi thm vo mt mng li: - Mt PRV, PSV, FCV c th c ni trc tip vo mt b cha hay i nc (s dng mt chiu di ng tch hai ci ra). - Cc PRV khng th cng c mt nt pha h lu chng hoc u song song vi nhau. - Hai PSV khng th cng c mt nt pha thng lu chng hoc u song song vi nhau. Mt PSV khng th c ni vi nt h lu ca mt PRV.

3.2. Cc thnh phn khng vt l (Non-Physical Components) ng cong (Curve) ng cong l cc i tng c cha cc cp s liu v mi quan h gia hai i lng. Hai hay nhiu i tng c th cng chia s mt ng cong. EPANET c th s dng cc loi ng cong sau: ng cong my bm; ng cong hiu sut; ng cong dung tch; 26

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 - ng cong tn tht ct nc. ng cong my bm ng cong my bm biu din quan h gia lu lng v ct nc m my bm to ra. Trc honh biu din lu lng, cn trc tung biu din ct nc (H~Q). EPANET v ng cong my bm theo s liu nhp vo. Tu theo tnh hnh cung cp s liu m c cc trng hp xy dng ng cong nh sau: Nu ch nhp 1 im A(Q0, H1), EPANET s mc nh v ng cong H~Q, ly im nhp v lm im thit k ca my bm, v t ko di ng cong ra hai pha. EPANET t b sung theo 2 im na: B(0; 133%H1) v C(2Q1; 0) ri t v ng cong i qua 3 im A, B, C ny. Nu nhp 3 im, EPANET c c s v ng cong theo l thuyt theo hm s dng: H = a b.Qc, trong a, b, c l cc hng s. Nu nhp nhiu im (s im ln hn hoc bng 4 th ng H~Q c v c dng gy khc ni lin cc im. Khi s vng quay ca my bm thay i t n1 thnh n2 th cc mi quan h (c bit trong l thuyt ng dng ca my bm) l:
H1 n 1 = H2 n2
2

Q1 n 1 = Q2 n 2

Nu cho s vng quay ca my bm thay i th ta c nhiu ng quan h H~Q. ng ban u ng vi s vng quay mc nh n1; cc ng sau c suy ra theo cc cng thc ng dng trn.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

27

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

a) ng cong bm 1 im

b) ng cong bm 3 im

c) ng cong bm nhiu im

d) ng cong bm 1 im vi nhiu s vng quay

Hnh 3.2. V d cc ng cong my bm

Chng ta nhn thy EPANET v ng cong my bm trong cc hp thoi Curve Editor ly ra t ca s Data Browser nh cc hnh v di y.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

28

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 3.3a. ng cong bm 1 im

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

29

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Hnh 3.3b. ng cong bm 3 im

Hnh 3.3c. ng cong bm nhiu im ng cong hiu sut my bm

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

30

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 4.4. ng cong hiu sut my bm

ng cong hiu sut my bm l ng biu din mi quan h gia lu lng v hiu sut my bm: ~Q. ng cong dung tch L ng cong biu din th tch tr nc theo mc nc V~z

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

31

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 3.4. ng cong dung tch i nc

ng cong tn tht ct p ng ny biu din tn tht ct nc theo lu lng qua van mc ch chung (GPV).
Cc mu hnh thi gian (Time Patterns)

Mu hnh thi gian l tp hp cc nhn t m n c th c s dng cho mt i lng lm cho i lng thay i theo thi gian. C th c cc mu hnh thi gian cho: cc nhu cu nt, ct nc b cha, tc quay ca my bm, cht lng nc ngun i vo mng li,... Khong thi gian c s dng cho tt c cc mu hnh l mt gi tr c nh (n nh trong Time Option). Trong mi khong thi gian, tr s ca i lng gi khng i, bng tch s ca gi tr danh ngha v nhn t. Cc mu hnh thi gian c th c s khong thi gian khc nhau. Khi ng h m phng vt qu s khong thi gian ca mt mu hnh th mu hnh c quay li (lp li) khong thi gian u tin ca n.
Lnh iu khin (Controle)

Lnh iu khin l nhng mnh lnh xc nh mng li hot ng theo thi gian nh th no. Chng ch r trng thi ca mt ng ni nh l mt hm ca thi gian, mc nc trong i v p sut ti mt im bn trong mng. C hai loi iu khin c s dng: - Lnh iu khin n (Simple Controls)
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

32

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 - Lnh iu khin c quy tc (Rule-Based Controls) Lnh iu khin n Lnh iu khin n lm thay i trng thi hay thit lp ca mt ng ni da trn: - Mc nc trong mt i nc, - p lc ti mt mi ni, - Thi gian m phng, - Thi gian trong ngy. Chng l nhng dng lnh c din t nh mt trong ba dng sau: LINK x status IF NODE y ABOVE/BELOW z LINK x status AT TIME t LINK x status AT CLOCKTIME c AM/PM trong : x - nhn ca nt; status - M hay NG (OPEN or CLOSED), hay mt tc (tng i) ca my bm, hay mt thit lp (setting) ca van iu khin; y - nhn hiu nt; z - mt p sut cho mt mi ni hay mt mc nc trong i; t - mt thi gian t khi bt u m phng, tnh bng s gi thp phn hay gi:pht; c - mt thi gian ng h. Khng gii hn v s lng lnh iu khin n c th s dng. Ch : Vic s dng mt cp lnh iu khin n kim sot p lc ng m mt ng ni c th lm cho h thng tr nn bt n nu cc thit lp p lc qu gn nhau. Trong trng hp ny vic s dng cp lnh iu khin c quy tc c th gip h thng n nh hn.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

33

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Mt s th d v lnh iu khin n: Lnh iu khin LINK 12 CLOSED IF NODE 23 BELOW 20 LINK 12 OPEN IF NODE 130 BELOW 30 LINK 12 1.5 AT TIME 16 ngha (ng ng ni 12 khi mc nc trong i (tnh t y i) 23 vt qu 20 ft.) (M ng ni 12 nu p sut ti nt 130 gim xung di 30 psi) (n nh tc tng i ca bm 12 ti 1,5 ti 16 gi vo m phng)

LINK 12 CLOSED AT CLOCKTIME 10 AM (ng ni 12 ng ti 10 gi sng mi ngy, v m ti 8 gi chiu mi ngy trong sut thi LINK 12 OPEN AT CLOCKTIME 8 PM gian m phng)

Lnh iu khin c quy tc Lnh iu khin c quy tc cho php cc trng thi ni v cc thit lp c da vo mt t hp ca cc iu kin c th tn ti trong mng sau khi trng thi thu lc ban u ca h thng c tnh ton. Sau y l mt s v d v lnh iu khin c quy tc: V d 1: B quy tc ny ng mt my bm v m mt ng khi mc nc trong i vt qu mt gi tr nht nh v lm ngc li khi mc nc thp hn mt gi tr khc: RULE 1 IF TANK 1 LEVEL ABOVE 19.1
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

34

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS CLOSED AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS OPEN RULE 2 IF TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 17.1 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN AND PIPE 330 STATUS IS CLOSED V d 2: Cc quy tc ny lm thay i mc nc i m ti bm bt ln tu theo thi gian trong ngy: RULE 3 IF SYSTEM CLOCKTIME >= 8 AM AND SYSTEM CLOCKTIME < 6 PM AND TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 12 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN RULE 4 IF SYSTEM CLOCKTIME >= 6 PM OR SYSTEM CLOCKTIME < 8 AM AND TANK 1 LEVEL BELOW 14 THEN PUMP 335 STATUS IS OPEN Bn c th tm cc dng lnh iu khin c quy tc phn Ph lc C trong ti liu hng dn km theo EPANET, di tiu [RULES].

3.3. M phng thu lc (Hydraulic Simulation Model)

M hnh m phng thu lc ca EPANET tnh ton cc ct nc ti cc mi ni v lu lng ti cc ng ni cho mt tp hp cc mc nc b cha, cc mc nc i, v cc nhu cu nc trong mt chui cc thi im lin tip. Vi mi bc thi gian, mc nc b cha v lu lng mi ni c cp nht theo mu hnh thi gian
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

35

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 nh trc cho chng, trong khi mc nc i c cp nht qua vic cn bng lng nc ra vo i. Php gii ra ct nc v lu lng ti cc thi im lin quan n vic gii ng thi h phng trnh bao gm cc phng trnh cn bng lu lng nt cc phng trnh v quan h tn tht ct nc qua tng ng ni trong mng. Cng vic ny ny c bit nh l "cn bng thu lc" mng li, i hi s dng phng php lp gii mt h cc phng trnh phi tuyn. Bc thi gian thu lc c s dng cho m phng thi on di c th c n nh bi ngi s dng. Gi tr in hnh l 1 gi. Cc bc thi gian ngn hn bnh thng s t ng xut hin khi mt trong cc s kin sau xy ra: - giai on bo co u ra tip theo xy ra; - mu hnh thi gian tip theo xy ra; - mt i tr nn cn hoc y; - mt lnh iu khin n hoc lnh iu khin c quy tc c kch hot.

3.4. M hnh m phng cht lng nc (Water Quality Simulation Model) Vn chuyn c bn (Basic Transport)

M hnh m phng cht lng nc ca EPANET s dng s tip cn da trn thi gian theo di s din bin ca cc phn t nc ring r khi chng chuyn ng theo ng v trn vi nhau ti cc mi ni gia cc bc thi gian c di c nh. Bc thi gian cht lng nc thng nh hn nhiu so vi bc thi gian thu lc (v d, pht thay cho gi) lm cho n khp nhng khong thi gian ngn ca s di chuyn cht xy ra trong ng. Phng php ny theo di nng v kch thc ca mt lot cc on nc khng chng ln nhau vo mi ng ni trong mng. Trong tin trnh thi gian, kch thc ca on nc gn u ng tng ln khi nc i vo ng, trong khi th mt lng mt i ng bng vy pha cui ng s xy ra v nc ri khi ng. Kch thc ca cc on nc gia chng gi nguyn khng i. i vi mi bc thi gian cht lng nc, cc thnh phn ca mi phn on nc phi chu phn ng, mt lng tch lu tng khi lng v th tch dng chy vo mi nt c gi, v v tr ca cc phn on nc c cp nht. Sau , nng mi ca
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

36

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 nt c tnh ton, bao gm s ng gp t bt t mt ngun bn ngoi no. Nng i cha c cp nht ph thuc vo loi m hnh trn c p dng (xem di y). Cui cng, mt phn on nc mi s c to ra ti u mi ng nhn dng chy vo t nt nu cht lng nt mi khc v dung sai nh bi ngi s dung so vi cht lng ca on nc cui ca ng. Ban u mi ng trong mng gm mt on nc n m cht lng ca n bng cht lng ban u quy nh cho nt thng lu. Mi khi c s o dng trong mt ng th cc phn on ca ng c i trt t ngc li t trc ra sau.
Trn trong i cha (Mixing in Storage Tanks)

EPANET c kh nng s dng 4 kiu m hnh khc nhau m t s pha trn trong cc i nc c minh ho nh hnh 3.5: - Trn hon ton - Trn hai ngn - Dng chy "vo trc ra trc" (FIFO Plug Flow ) - Dng chy "vo sau ra trc" (LIFO Plug Flow) Cc m hnh trn khc nhau c th c s dng vi nhng i nc khc nhau trong mt mng li. M hnh pha trn hon ton (hnh 3.5 a) gi nh rng tt c nc i vo mt i c trn mt cch tc thi v hon ton vi nc c sn trong i. y l hnh thc trn n gin nht m ta gi nh, khng i hi c thm thng s m t n, v dng nh c p dng kh tt cho nhiu thit b vn hnh theo kiu "lp y v ht". M hnh pha trn hai ngn (hnh 3.5 b) chia dung tch tr hu ch trong i thnh hai ngn m c hai u c gi nh l pha trn hon ton. ng vo v ng ra ca i c coi nh l t ngn th nht. Nc mi i vo i trn vi nc ngn th nht. Nu ngn ny y th n gi dng chy vt ca n sang ngn th hai ni m n pha trn hon ton vi nc sn c trong . Khi nc ri khi i, n ra t ngn th nht y, nhn mt lng nc tng ng t ngn th hai hnh thnh s khc nhau. Ngn th nht c kh nng cho s chp mch m phng gia dng chy vo v dng chy ra, trong khi ngn th hai c th coi nh cc vng cht. Ngi s dng phi cung cp mt thng s n gin, l phn ca tng dung tch i dnh cho ngn u tin.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

37

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 M hnh dng chy FIFO Plug (hnh 3.5c) cho rng khng c s pha trn nc no c trong thi gian lu tr ca nc trong i. Cc phn t nc chuyn ng qua i theo kiu cch ly, ni m phn t th nht i vo cng l phn t th nht i ra. Mt cch t nhin, m hnh ny ph hp nht cho i vch ngn hot ng vi dng chy vo v dng chy ra ng thi. Khng cn thm thng s no m t hnh thc pha trn ny. M hnh dng chy LIFO Plug (hnh 3.5 d) cng cho rng khng c s pha trn gia cc phn t nc i vo i. Tuy nhin, tri vi dng chy FIFO Plug, cc phn t nc chng lp n ln lp kia, ni nc i vo v ri khi i y. Kiu trn ny c th p dng cho thp nc cao, hp vi ng vo v ng ra y v dng chy vo xung lng thp. Kiu trn ny khng cn cp thm thng s no c.

a) Trn hon ton

b) Trn hai ngn

c) Lu lng FIFO Plug Hnh 3.5. M hnh pha trn i nc


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

d) Lu lng LIFO Plug

38

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2


Cc phn ng cht lng nc (Water Quality Reactions)

EPANET c th theo di s pht trin hay phn r ca mt cht bi phn ng ca n khi i qua h thng phn phi nc. lm c iu ny, n cn bit tc m ti cht phn ng, v tc ny ph thuc vo nng ca cht nh th no. Cc phn ng c th xy ra trong khi dng v vi vt liu dc theo thnh ng. iu ny c m t hnh 3.6. Trong v d ny Clo t do (HOCl) ch ra phn ng vi cht hu c t nhin (NOM) trong giai on khi v cng c vn chuyn qua mt lp bin thnh ng xi ho st (Fe) gii phng ra t s n mn thnh ng. Cc phn ng khi cht lng cng c th xy ra vi cc i nc. EPANET cho php ngi lp m hnh x l hai vng phn ng ny mt cch ring r.

Hnh 3.6. Cc vng phn ng bn trong mt ng

Phn ng khi (Bulk Reactions) EPANET m phng cc phn ng xy ra trong dng khi vi ng hc bc th n, ni m tc phn ng tc thi R (tnh bng khi lng/th tch/thi gian) c gi nh l ph thuc vo nng theo cng thc: R = KbCn trong :
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

39

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Kb - h s tc phn ng khi; C - nng cht phn ng (khi lng/th tch); n - s bc phn ng. Kb c n v ca nng c nng ln lu tha (1n) chia cho thi gian. N dng i vi phn ng gia tng v m i vi phn ng phn r. EPANET cng c th xem xt cc phn ng m mt nng gii hn tn ti trn s gia tng hay tht thot ht mc ca cht. Trong trng hp ny biu thc tc tr thnh: R= Kb(CLC)C(n-1) R= Kb(CCL)C(n-1) trong CL l nng gii hn Nh vy c 3 thng s (Kb, CL, n) c s dng m t tc phn ng khi. Mt s trng hp c bit v cc m hnh ng hc bit bao gm cc trng hp sau: (xem Ph lc D) vi n>0, Kb>0 vi n>0, Kb<0

M hnh Phn r bc nht S bo ho bc nht ng hc bc khng Khng phn ng

Thng s CL=0, Kb<0, n=1 CL>0, Kb>0, n=1 CL=0, Kb<>0, n=0 CL=0, Kb=0

V d Clo Trihalomethanes Tui ca nc Cht nh du Fluoride

Kb cho cc phn ng bc nht c th c c tnh bng cch t mt mu nc trong mt lot chai thu tinh khng phn ng v phn tch thnh phn ca mi chai ti cc thi im khc nhau. Nu phn ng l bc nht th khi v loga t nhin (Ct/C0) theo thi gian s dn n mt ng thng, trong Ct l nng ti thi im t v C0 l nng ti thi im t=0. Kb khi c tnh nh l dc ca ng ny.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

40

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Cc h s phn ng khi thng tng khi nhit tng. Tin hnh cc th nghim vi nhiu chai ti cc nhit khc nhau s a ra s nh gi chnh xc hn v h s tc khc nhau nh th no theo nhit .
Phn ng thnh (Wall Reactions)

T ca phn ng cht lng nc xy ra ti hay gn thnh ng c th c coi l ph thuc nng trong lu lng khi bng cch s dng biu thc c dng: R = (A/V)KwCn trong : Kw - h s tc phn ng thnh; (A/V) - din tch b mt trn th tch n v trong mt ng (bng ng knh ng chia cho 4). Gi tr sau chuyn khi lng phn ng trn n v din tch thnh ng sang trn th tch trn th tch n v. EPANET gii hn s la chn ca bc phn ng thnh ti 0 hoc 1, sao cho cc n v ca Kw l khi lng/din tch/thi gian hay chiu di/thi gian, theo th t nh sn. Cung nh i vi Kb, Kw cn phi c nhp vo chng trnh bi ngi lp m hnh. Cc gi tr Kw bc nht c th nm trong khong t 0 cho ti cao nht l 5 ft/ngy. Kw c iu chnh li tnh ton cho bt c gii hn chuyn i khi lng no trong vn chuyn cht v sn phm gia khi dng v thnh ng. EPANET lm iu ny mt cch t ng, da vo s iu chnh khuyt tn phn t ca cht c m hnh ho v da vo s Reynolds ca dng chy. Hy xem c th Ph lc D. (B qua hiu ng chuyn khi lng do vic n nh khuych tn phn t bng 0). H s phn ng thnh c th ph thuc vo nhit v cng c th tng quan vi tui ca ng v vt liu. D dng nhn tht rng, theo tui ca cc ng kim loi th nhm ca chng c xu hng tng bi v s ng cn v lp sn si ca cht b n mn trn thnh ng. S tng nhm ny to ra mt h s C (Hazen-Williams) thp hn hay nhm n (Darcy-Weisbach) cao hn, dn n tn tht ct nc ma st ca dng chy trong ng cao hn. C mt vi dn chng cho thy rng cng mt qu trnh m s tng nhm ca ng theo thi gian cng c xu th lm tng phn ng ca n vi mt s loi cht, c
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

41

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 bit l Clo v cc cht kh trng khc. EPANET c th lm cho Kw ca mi ng l mt hm ca h s biu th nhm ca ng. Mt hm khc p dng s ph thuc vo cng thc c s dng tnh ton tn tht ct nc qua ng l:

Headloss Formula

Wall Reaction Formula

Hazen-Williams Darcy-Weisbach Chezy-Manning trong : C - h s C Hazen-Williams, e - nhm Darcy-Weisbach, d - ng knh ng, n - nhm Manning,

Kw = F / C Kw = F / log(e/d) Kw = F / n

F - h s phn ng thnh - nhm ng. H s F phi c pht trin t cc php o hin trng ca vng c trng v s c mt ngha khc tu thuc vo phng trnh tn tht ct nc c s dng. u im ca vic s dng phng php ny l ch i hi mt thng s (F), cho php cc h s phn ng thnh thay i trn trn ton mng li theo mt cch c ngha vt l.
Theo di tui nc v theo di ngun nc (Water Age and Source Tracing)

Ngoi vic vn chuyn ho cht, EPANET cng m hnh ho s thay i tui nc trn ton h thng phn phi. Tui ca nc l thi gian m mt phn t nc trong mng li tri qua. Nc mi t cc b cha hoc cc nt ngun i vo mng vi tui bng khng. Tui nc cho mt tiu chun nh gi n gin, khng c trng v cht lng tng th ca nc ung c cung cp. Bn trong, EPANET x l tui nc nh l mt thnh phn phn ng m s ln ln ca n tun theo mt ng hc bc 0 vi tc khng i bng 1 (ngha l mi mt giy nc tr nn c i mt giy). EPANET cng c kh nng th hin s theo di ngun nc. Theo di ngun theo di theo thi gian bao nhiu phn trm ca nc i n bt c nt no trong mng c ngun gc t mt nt c th. Nt ngun c th l bt c nt no trong mng bao gm c b cha hoc i nc. Bn trong, EPANET x l nt ny nh mt ngun khng i ca mt thnh phn khng phn ng i vo mng li vi nng bng 100. Theo
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

42

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 di ngun l mt cng c hu ch phn tch cc h thng phn phi nc ly t hai hoc nhiu hn ngun cung cp nc th. N c th cho bit ti mt mc no nc t mt ngun cho trc ha trn vi nc t cc ngun khc, v mu khng gian ca s pha trn thay i theo thi gian nh th no.

CHNG 4.

KHNG GIAN LM VIC CA EPANET

4.1. Khi qut


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

43

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Khng gian lm vic ca EPANET c bn c trnh by nh hnh di y:
Menu Bar Standart Toolbars Map Toolbars

Status Bar

Network Map

Property Editor

Browser

4.2. Thanh Menu

Gm c cc menu sau:
-

Menu File Menu Edit Menu View Menu Report Menu Window Menu Help

4.3. Cc thanh cng c


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

44

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Cc thanh cng c cung cp nhng li tt cho cc chc nng thng c s dng. C hai thanh cng c:
-

Standart Toolbar Map Toolbar

Standart Toolbar M mt Project mi (File >> New) M mt Project ang c (File >> Open) Lu Project hin ti (File >> Save) In mt ca s hin hnh (File >> Print) Copy la chn v clipboard hoc vo mt file (Edit >> Copy To) Xo mt mc ang chn Tm mt mc (i tng) trn bn (View >> Find) Chy m phng (Project >> Run Analysis) Chy mt truy vn hin th trn bn (View >> Query) To mt th mi xem kt qu (Report >> Graph) To mt bng mi xem kt qu (Report >> Table) Sa cha cc la chn cho kt qu ang xem (View >> Options or Report >> Options) Map Toolbar Chn mt i tng trn bn (Edit >> Select Object) Chn cc nh ca ng ni gp khc (Edit >> Select Vertex) Chon mt vng trn bn (Edit >> Select Region) Di chuyn bn (View >> Pan) Phng to bn (View >> Zoom In) Thu nh bn (View >> Zoom Out)
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

45

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Xem bn vi phm vi ton b (View >> Full Extent) Thm mt mi ni ln bn Thm b cha ln bn Thm mt i nc ln bn Thm mt ng ln bn Thm mt my bm ln bn Thm mt van ln bn Thm mt nhn ln bn
4.4. Thanh trng thi

Thanh ny nm bn di, pha tri ca mn hnh, c cc chc nng th hin trng thi ca Project nh sau:
-

T ng o chiu di (bt hoc tt) (Auto-Length) Biu th n v lu lng (Flow Units) Mc phng ca bn (Zoom Level) Chy m phng (Run) To ca con tr trn bn (XY Location)

4.5. Bn mng li

y l khng gian ln nht trn mn hnh, th hin s mng li, ngoi ra tu theo vic la chon, trn bn cn c th nhn tht cc nhn nhn dang ca cc i tng, cc gi tr biu th cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng .

4.6. Data Browser

y l mt ca s ht sc quan trng, c truy xut t Bng Data trn ca s Browser. N cho php truy cp nhiu i tng khc nhau theo loi: Mi ni (Junctions)
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

46

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 B (Reservoirs) B iu tit (Tanks) ng (Pipes) Bm (Pumps) Van (Valves) Nhn ca bn (Labels) Mu hnh thi gian (Patterns) ng cong (Curves) Lnh iu khin (Controls) Lnh n (Simple) Lnh c quy tc (Rule-Based) Tu chn (Option) Thu lc (Hydraulics) Cht lng (Quanlity) Phn ng (Reactions) Thi gian (Times) Nng lng (Energy) (Cc thuc tnh ca mi tu ch ny c th hin trong cc hnh v 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 v 4.6 di y) Hnh 4.1. Ca s Map Browser

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

47

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 4.2. Ca s Data Browser >> Option >> Hydraulic

Hnh 4.3. Ca s Data Browser >> Option >> Quanlity

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

48

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 4.4. Ca s Data Browser >> Option >> Reaction

Hnh 4.5. Ca s Data Browser >> Option >> Quanlity


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

49

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 4.6. Ca s Data Browser >> Option >> Energy

4.7. Map Browser

Map Browser c truy xut t tab Map ca ca s Data Browser. N c kch hot xem bn m mu ca mng li cng cc thng s ca cc thnh phn ca mng. N cng cha nhng iu khin kch hot bn theo thi gian.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

50

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 4.1. Ca s Map Browser

4.8. Property Editor

Property Editor c s dng sa i cc thuc tch cc mi ni, ng ni, nhn v la chn phn tch, ... N c hin ra khi mt trong nhng i tng trn mng li c chn (trn bn vi nt phi chut, trong Data Browser, hay nhp p chut). Mi loi i tng c mt Property Editor ring cho mnh.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

51

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 5.

LM VIC VI CC PROJECT

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

52

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Trong chng ny, cn lu cc chc nng sau: 5.1. M v lu cc tp tin (Opening and Saving Project Files) 5.2. Cc gi tr mc nh (Projects Defaults) 5.3. Cc d liu nh c (Calibration Data) 5.4. Tm tt mt d n (Project Summary)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

53

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 6. 6.1.

LM VIC VI CC I TNG

Cc loi i tng

- Nt (Nodes) Mi ni (Junctions) B cha (Reservoirs) B iu tit (Tanks) - ng ni (Links) ng (Pipes) Bm (Pumps) Van (Valves) - Nhn ca bn (Map Labels) - Biu theo thi gian (Time Patterns) - ng cong (Curves) - Lnh iu khin (Controls) Lnh n (Simple) Lnh c quy tc (Rule-Based)
6.2. 6.3. Thm i tng Chn i tng
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

54

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2


6.4. Son tho cc i tng nhn thy trn bn

Bng 6.1. Cc thuc tnh Mi ni (Junction Properties)


Thuc tnh M t

Junction ID

Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn mi ni. N c th bao gm mt tp hp ti a n 15 s hay k t. N khng th ging nh ID cho bt c nt no khc. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Honh ca mi ni trn bn , o bng n v khong cch trn bn . Nu b trng, mi ni s khng xut hin trn bn mng. Tung ca mi ni trn bn , o bng n v khong cch trn bn . Nu b trng, mi ni s khng xut hin trn bn mng. Mt chui vn bn tu m t cc thng tin khc v mi ni. Mt chui vn bn tu (khng cha du cch) c s dng gn mi ni vo mt nhm no , chng hn nh mt vng p sut. Cao trnh mi ni tnh bng ft (mt) so vi mt mt chun no . y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Cao trnh c s dng ch tnh ton p sut ti mi ni. N khng nh hng ti bt k i lng tnh ton no khc. Nhu cu nc trung bnh hay danh ngha ti mi ni, c o bng cc n v lu lng. mt gi tr m c dng ch ngun nc t bn ngoi cung cp cho mng qua mi ni. Nu b trng th nhu cu s c hiu l bng khng.

X-Coordinate

Y-Coordinate

Deserription Tag

Elevation

Base Demand

Demand Pattern Nhn nhn dang (ID label) ca mu hnh thi gian c, dng biu th thuc tnh v s thay i theo thi gian ca nhu cu nc ti mi ni. Mu hnh thi gian a ra cc nhn t dng cho Base Demand xc nh nhu cu thc t trong khong thi gian bit. Nu b trng th Default Time Pattern gn trong Hydraulic Options s c dng (xem phn 8.1). Demand Categories S loi nhm tiu th nc khc nhau c xc nh cho mi ni (mi nt c th c nhiu nhm tiu th nc khc nhau vi cc s Time Pattern khc nhau). Nhp nt ... (hay g phm Enter) a ra mt Demands Editor c bit m s cho bn gn cc nhu cu c bn v mu hnh thi gian cho nhiu nhm s dng nc ti mi ni. B qua vic ny nu ti mi ni ch 55

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 mt nhm tiu th nc. Emitter Coefficient H s lu lng ca (mi phun hay vi) c t ti mi ni. H s ny biu din lu lng xy ra khi c mt lng st p sut bng 1 psi (hay 1 mt). B trng nu khng c mt u ly nc no ti mi ni. Xem thm phn 3.1 bit thm chi tit. Mc cht lng nc ban u ca mi ni ti thi im bt u m phng. C th trng nu khng c s phn tch cht lng nc no ang c thc hin hay mc cht lng nc ban u bng khng. Cht lng ca bt c ngun nc no i vo mng li ti mi ni . Nhp nt ... (hay g phm Enter) hin ra Source Quality Editor (xem phn 6.5 di y).

Initial Quality

Source Quality

Bng 6.2. Cc thuc tnh B cha (Reservoir Properties)


Thuc tnh M t

Reservoir ID

Mt nhn duy nht c dng nhn bit b cha. N c th bao gm mt tp hp ti a n 15 s hay k t. N khng th ging vi ID ca bt c nt no khc. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Honh ca b cha trn bn , o bng n v khong cch trn bn . Nu b trng, b cha s khng xut hin trn bn . Tung ca b cha trn bn , o bng n v khong cch trn bn . Nu b trng, b cha s khng xut hin trn bn . Mt chui vn bn tu m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v b cha. Mt chui vn bn tu (khng c du cch) c s dng gn b cha vo mt loi, chng hn nh mt vng p sut. Ct nc (cao trnh + ct nc p sut) ca nc trong b cha tnh bng ft (mt). y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Nhn nhn dng (ID label) ca mu hnh thi gian dng lp m hnh s thay i theo thi gian ca ct nc trong b cha. B trng nu khng c g c s dng (tc l mc nc trong b khng thay i theo thi gian). Thuc tnh ny c ch nu b cha c dng biu din s kt ni vi mt h thng khc m p sut ti im kt ni thay i theo thi gian. 56

X-Coordinate

Y-Coordinate

Description Tag Total Head Head pattern

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Initial Quality Mc cht lng nc ban u ti b cha. C th b trng nu khng s phn tch cht lng nc no ang c thc hin, hay nu mc cht lng nc ban u bng khng. Source Quality Cht lng ca bt k ngun nc no i vo mng li ti v tr ny. Nhp nt ... (hoc g phm Enter) lm xut hin Source Quality Editor (xem phn 6.5 di y).

Bng 6.3. Cc thuc tnh i nc (Tank Properties)


Thuc tnh M t

Tank ID

Mt nhn duy nht c dng nhn bit i nc. N c th bao gm mt tp hp ti a n 15 k t. N khng th ging vi ID cho bt c nt no khc. y l mt thuc tnh bt bt buc. Honh ca i nc trn bn , o bng n v khong cch ca bn . Nu b trng th i nc s khng xut hin trn bn mng li. Tung ca i nc trn bn , o bng n v khong cch ca bn . Nu b trng th i nc s khng xut hin trn bn mng li. Chui vn bn tu m t cc thng tin khc v i nc. Chui vn bn tu (khng c du trng) c s dng gn i nc vo mt loi, chng hn nh mt vng p sut. Cao trnh y so vi mt chun, tnh bng ft (mt) ca y i nc. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. su ca nc trong i nc, tnh t y i n mt nc ti thi im bt u m phng. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. su ti thiu ca nc trong i, tnh t y i n mt nc, s c duy tr. Nc trong i khng c php h xung di mc ny. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. su ti a ca nc trong i, tnh t y i n mt nc, s c duy tr. Nc trong i khng c php dng cao qu mc ny. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. ng knh ca i nc tnh bng ft (mt). i vi cc i nc hnh tr y l ng knh tht. i vi cc i nc hnh vung hay ch nht n l mt ng knh tng. i vi cc i nc m dang hnh hc c m t bng mt ng cong (xem bn di) th ng knh c th c gn gi tr bt k. 57

X-Coordinate

Y-Coordinate

Description Tag Elevation Intial Level Minimun Level

Maximun Level

Diameter

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Minimun volume Dung tch nc trong i tnh bng ft khi (mt khi) khi i mc nc ti thiu. y l mt thuc tnh t chn, c ch ch yu trong vic m t c tnh hnh hc y ca cc i nc phi lng tr m ng cong y v dung tch theo su khng c cung cp (xem bn di). Kiu pha trn cht lng nc xy ra trong i. Cc tu chn bao gm: MIXED (pha trn hon ton) 2COMP (pha trn 2 ngn) FIFO (dng chy dng nt vo-trc-ra-trc) LIFO (dng chy dng nt vo-sau-ra-trc) Xem thm thng tin v Mixing Models phn 3.4 Mixing Fraction T l ca tng dung tch ca i nc bao gm cc ngn vo ra ca m hnh pha trn 2 ngn (2COMP). C th b trng nu khng c loi m hnh pha trn no khc c p dng. H s phn ng khi cho cc phn ng ho hc trong i nc. Cc n v l 1/ngy. Dng gi tr dng cho cc phn ng tng trng v mt gi tr m cho cc phn ng phn r. B trng nu h s phn ng Global Bulk c ch nh trong Reactions Options ca project c hiu lc. Xem thm thng tin trong Quality Reactions phn 3.4. Mc cht lng nc trong i khi bt u m phng. C th b trng nu khng c s phn tch cht lng nc no ang c thc hin, hoc nu mc cht lng nc ban u bng khng. Cht lng ca bt c lng nc no i vo mng li ti v tr ny. Nhp nt ... (hoc g phm Enter) lm xut hin Source Quality Editor (xem phn 6.5 bn di).

Mixing Model

Reaction Coeffcient

Intial Quality

Source Quality

Bng 6.4. Cc thuc tnh ng (Pipe Properties)


Thuc tnh M t

Pipe ID

Mt nhn duy nht c s dng nhn bit ng. N c th bao gm mt t hp ti a n 15 s hay k t. N khng th ging vi ID nh bt c ng ni no khc. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. 58

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Start Node Nhn nhn dng ca nt u ng. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. End Node Description Nhn ID ca nt cui ng. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Mt chui vn bn tu m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v ng. Mt chui vn bn tu (khng c du trng) dng gn ng vo mt loi, da trn tui hay vt liu. Chiu di thc t ca ng tnh bng ft (mt). y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. ng knh ca ng tnh bng in (mm). y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. H s nhm ca ng. Khng c n v i vi nhm Hazen- Williams hay Chezy-Manning v c n v tnh bng mm i vi nhm Darcy-Weisbach. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. H s tn tht cc b khng c th nguyn cho cc ct cong, ph tng v.v c gi nh bng khng nu b trng. Xc nh l ng ban u c m, ng, hay cha van mt chiu. Nu van mt chiu c nh r th hng dng chy trong ng s lun lun l t nt u ti nt cui.

Tag Lengh Diameter Roughness

Loss Coeff Intial Status

Bulk Coefficient H s phn ng khi cho ng. n v l 1/ngy. Dng gi tr dng cho phn ng tng trng v gi tr m cho phn ng phn r. B trng nu h s phn ng khi t Reactions Options ca project s c p dng. Xem thm thng tin trong Water Quality Reactions trong phn 3.4. Wall Coeffcient H s phn ng thnh cho ng. n v l 1/ngy. Dng mt gi tr dng cho phn ng tng trng v mt gi tr m cho phn ng phn r. B trng nu h s phn ng thnh t Reactions Options ca project s c p dng. Xem thm thng tin trong Water Quality Reactions trong phn 3.4.

Ch : Chiu di ng c th c tnh t ng khi cc ng c thm vo hay thay i v tr trn bn mng li nu thit lp Auto-Length c bt ln. Mun bt/tt gi tr ny:
- Chn Project >>Defaults v sa vng Auto-Length trong trang Properties ca hp thoi Defaults. - Nhp phi trn phn Auto-Length ca Status Bar v sau nhp ln mc menu xut hin trn mn hnh.
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

59

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Hy m bo vic cung cp nhng kch thc c ngha cho bn mng li trc khi s dng thuc tnh Auto-Length (xem phn 7.2).

Bng 6.5. Cc thuc tnh My bm (Pump Properties)


Thuc tnh M t

Pump ID

Mt nhn duy nht c s dng nhn bit my bm. N c th gm mt t hp ti a n 15 s hay k t. N khng th ging ID ca bt c ng ni no khc. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Nhn nhn dng ca nt pha ht ca my bm. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Nhn nhn dng ca nt pha x ca my bm. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Mt chui vn bn tu m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v my bm. Mt chui vn bn tu (khng c du trng) dng gn my bm vo mt nhm, da trn tui, kch c hay v tr. Nhn nhn dng (ID label) ca ng c tnh bm, dng m t quan h gia ct nc to ra bi my bm v lu lng qua my. B trng nu my bm l loi c cng sut khng i (xem bn di). Cng sut do my bm cung cp, tnh bng m lc (kw), vi gi thit l my bm cung cp mt cng sut khng i bt k lu lng qua my bng bao nhiu. B trng nu dng ng c tnh ca my bm. Dng khi thng tin v ng c tnh my bm khng sn c. 60

Start Node End Node Description Tag Pump Curve

Power

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Speed Gi tr tc quay tng i ca my bm (khng th nguyn). V d, mt gi tr tc bng 1,2 ng rng tc quay ca my bm cao hn gi tr bnh thng 20%. Pattern Nhn nhn dng (ID label) ca mu hnh thi gian, dng kim sot s vn hnh ca my bm. Cc nhn t ca mu hnh thi gian tng ng vi cc tc tng i. Mt nhn t bng khng ng rng my bm s c tt trong khong thi gian tng ng. B trng nu khng s dng. Trng thi my bm (m hay ng) khi bt u thi gian m phng. Nhn nhn dng (ID label) ca ng cong hiu sut ca my bm (tnh bng phn trm) nh mt hm ca lu lng bm. Cc thng tin ny ch c s dng tnh ton vic s dng nng lng. B trng nu khng s dng hay nu gi tr chung c cung cp Energy Options ca project (Xem phn 8.1) s c s dng. Gi trung bnh hay danh ngha ca nng lng tnh bng n v tin t / kwh. Ch c s dng tnh ton chi ph nng lng tiu th. B trng nu khng s dng hay nu gi tr chung c cung cp Energy Options ca project (Xem phn 8.1) s c s dng. Nhn nhn dng (ID label) ca mu hnh thi gian c s dng m t s thay i gi nng lng trong ngy. Mi nhn t trong mu hnh thi gian c p dng cho Energy Price xc nh gi in cc thi im trong ngy trong khong thi gian tng ng. B trng nu khng s dng hay nu mu hnh thi gian tnh gi chung c nh r trong Energy Options ca project (Xem phn 8.1) s c s dng.

Intial Status Efficiency Curve

Energy Price

Price Pattern

Bng 6.6. Cc thuc tnh Van (Valves)


Thuc tnh M t

ID label

Mt nhn duy nht c s dng nhn bit van. N c th bao gm mt t hp ti a n 15 s hay k t. N khng th ging nh ID cho bt c ng ni no khc. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. ID ca nt pha thng lu danh ngha hay pha dng chy vo ca van. (Cc PRV v PSV ch duy tr lu lng theo mt hng). y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. ID ca nt pha h lu danh ngha hay pha x ca van. y l 61

Start Node

End Node

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 mt thuc tnh bt buc. Description Tag Diameter Type Mt chui vn bn tu m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v van. Mt chui vn bn (khng cha du trng) c s dng gn van vo mt loi, chng hn da vo loi hay v tr. ng knh ca van tnh bng in. (mm). y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Loi van (PRV, PSV, PBV, FCT, TCV, hay GPV). Xem phn m t nhiu loi van khc nhau trong phn 3.1 bit thm thng tin. y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Mt thng s bt buc m t thit lp vn hnh ca van. Loi van PRV PSV PBV FCV TCV GPV Thng s gi tr p lc (psi hay m) p lc (psi hay m) p lc (psi hay m) Lu lng (n v lu lng) H s tn tht (khng c n v) Nhn ID ca ng cong tn tht ct nc.

Setting

Loss Coeffcient H s tn tht cc b c p dng khi van m hon ton. c gi nh bng 0 nu b trng. Fixed Status Trng thi ca van khi bt u m phng. Nu c gn l OPEN hay CLOSED th ch nh kim sot ca van c b qua v van c lm vic nh mt ng ni m hay ng. Nu c n nh NONE, van s lm vic nh nh (ng ngha ca van). Trng thi c nh ca mt van v thit lp ca n c th c lm cho thay i trong qu trnh m phng bng cch s dng cc lnh iu khin. Nu trng thi ca van c c nh OPEN/CLOSED th n c th c lm cho hot ng tr li bng cch dng mt lnh iu khin gn mt thit lp s mi cho van.

Bng 6.7. Cc thuc tnh nhn bn (Map Label Properties)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

62

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Thuc tnh M t Text X-Coordinate Y-Coordinate Anchor Node Meter Type Meter ID Font Vn bn ca nhn Honh ca gc trn bn tri ca nhn trn bn , o bng n v khong cch ca bn . y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Tung ca gc trn bn tri ca nhn trn bn , o bng n v khong cch ca bn . y l mt thuc tnh bt buc. Ch s nhn dng nt lm vic nh im neo ca nhn (xem lu 1 di y). trng nu khng neo nhn. Loi i tng c o bi nhn (xem lu 2 di y). Cc tu chn l None, Node, hoc Link. Ch s nhn dng ca i tng (nt hoc ng ni) c o. Khi chy hp thoi Font cho php chn font ch, c ch, v kiu ch (thng, m, nghing,...) ca tn nhn.

Ch : 1. Thuc tnh nt neo nhn c dng neo nhn cn i vo mt v tr cho trn bn . D bn c phng to hay c xem ton b th khong cch t nhn n nt neo vn khng thay i. Thuc tnh ny ngn khng cho nhn i qu xa cc i tng m chng nh m t khi bn c phng to, thu nh. 2. Cc thuc tnh Meter Type v Meter ID xc nh vic nhn s hot ng nh mt thc o hay khng. Cc nhn thc o hin th gi tr ca thng s ang xem (c chn t Map Browser) bn di tn nhn. Meter Type v Meter ID phi tham chiu n mt nt hay ng ni hin hu trong mng li. Nu khng, s ch c vn bn nhn xut hin.

6.5.

Son tho cc i tng khng nhn thy trn bn

Son tho ng cong (Curves Editor) Son tho Mu hnh thi gian (Time Patterns Editor) Son tho Lnh iu khin (Controls Editor) Son tho Nhu cu nc (Demand Editor) Son tho Cht lng nc ngun (Source Quality Editor)
6.6. Copy v dn i tng (Copying and Pasting Objects)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

63

6.7. 6.8. 6.9. 6.10. 6.11.

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Chnh hnh v o chiu ng ni (Shaping and Reversing Links)
Xo mt i tng (Deleting an Object) Di chuyn mt i tng (Moving an Object) Chn mt nhm i tng (Selecting a Group of Objects) Sa mt nhm i tng (Editing a Group of Objects)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

64

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 7.

LM VIC VI CC BN V

7.1. Chn xem bn (Selecting a Map View) 7.2. nh c bn (Setting the Maps Dimensions) 7.3. S dng mt bn nn (Utilizing a Backdrop Map) 7.4. Phng to, thu nh bn (Zooming the Map) 7.5. Di chuyn bn (Panning the Map) 7.6. Tm mt i tng (Finding an Object)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

65

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 7.7. Ch thch bn (Map Legends)
7.8. Nhn tng qut bn (Overview Map) 7.9. Cc chc nng trnh by bn (Map Display Options)

Th hin cc Nt (Node Options) Th hin cc ng ni (Link Options) Th hin cc Nhn (Label Options) Th hin cc Ghi ch (Notation Options) Th hin cc Biu tng (Symbol Options) Th hin Mi tn dng chy (Flow Arrow Options) Th hin Nn bn v (Background Options)

CHNG 8.

PHN TCH MNG LI

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

66

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 8.1. Thit lp cc tu chn cho s phn tch (Setting Analysis Options) 1. Cc tu chn Thu lc (Hydraulic Options) 2. Cc tu chn Cht lng (Water Quality Options) Cc tu chn Water Quality kim sot cch phn tch cht lng nc. Chng bao gm cc mc:
Tu chn M t

Parameter

Loi thng s cht lng nc c m hnh. Cc la chn gm: - NONE (khng phn tch cht lng), - CHEMICAL (tnh nng ho cht), - AGE (tnh tui ca nc), - TRACE (theo du phn trm lung nc xut pht t mt im c th). Thay v CHEMICAL, c th nhp tn tht ca ho cht c m hnh (chng hn Clo)

Mass Units

n v khi lng dng cho nng . Cc la chn l mg/L hoc g/L. n v dng cho phn tch tui nc c c nh l gi v cho theo du t ngun l phn trm. T l ca h s khuych tn phn t ca ho cht ang c xem xt so vi h s tng ng ca Clo ti 20 0C (0,00112 ft2/ngy). Ly bng 2 nu ho cht khuych tn nhanh hn Clo hai ln, v 0,5 nu nhanh bng mt na,... p dng ch khi lp m hnh s chuyn khi lng cho cc phn ng thnh ng. n nh bng khng b qua hiu ng chuyn i khi lng. Nhn nhn dng ca nt m dng chy ca n ang c theo di. Ch p dng i vi cc phn tch du vt dng chy. S thay i nh nht trong v cht lng m s lm cho mt phn t mi ca nc c to ra trong ng. Mt gi tr tiu biu l 0,01 cho cc ho cht c o bng mg/L cng nh tui nc v du vt nc t ngun.

Relative Diffusivity

Trace Node

Quality Tolerance

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

67

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Lu : Quality Tolerance xc nh khi no th cht lng ca ca mt phn t nc v thc cht l ging vi cht lng ca mt phn t khc. i vi cc phn tch ho cht th iu ny c th l pht hin gii hn ca qu trnh dng o c ho cht, c hiu chnh bi h s an ton thch hp. Dng gi tr qu ln cho Quality Tolerance c th nh hng n chnh xc ca m phng. Dng gi tr qu nh c th nh hng n hiu sut tnh ton. Mt s th nghim vi thit lp ny c th c yu cu. 3. Cc tu chn Phn ng (Reaction Options) Cc tu chn Reactions gn cc loi phn ng dng trong phn tch cht lng nc. Chng bao gm cc mc:
Tu chn M t

Bulk Reaction S m m theo nng tng ln khi tnh ton tc phn Order ng trong dng chy. Ly bng 1 cho cc phn ng bc nht, 2 cho cc phn ng bc hai,... Ly s m cho ng hc Michaelis-Menton. Nu khng gn cc h s phn ng khi chung cho c mng hoc cho ng c th th tu chn ny b b qua. Wall Reaction S m m theo nong tng ln khi tnh ton tc phn Order ng ti thnh ng. Cc la chn l FIRST (1) cho cc phn ng bc nht, hoc ZERO (0) cho cc phn ng khng i. Nu khng gn cc h s phn ng thnh chung hoc cho ton mng hoc cho ng c th th tu chn ny b b qua. Global Bulk H s tc phn ng khi mc nh (Kb) gn cho tt c cc Coefficient ng. H s chung ny c th b ln khi hiu chnh thuc tnh ny cho tng ng ring bit. Dng s dng cho phn ng tng trng, s m cho phn ng phn hu, hoc s 0 nu khng c phn ng khi xy ra. n v l nng lu tha bc (1-n) chia cho ngy, trong n l bc phn ng khi. Global Wall H s tc phn ng thnh (Kw) gn cho tt c cc ng. H Coefficient s chung ny c th b ln khi hiu chnh thuc tnh ny cho tng ng ring bit. Dng s dng cho s tng trng, s m cho s phn hu, hoc 0 nu khng c phn ng thnh xy ra. n v l ft/ngy (US) hay m/ngy (SI) cho cc phn ng bc nht v khi lng/ft2/ngy (US) hay khi lng/m2/ngy (SI) cho cc phn ng bc 0. Limiting Concentration Nng ln nht m cht c th tng n hoc nh nht m n phn hu n. Tc phn ng trong dng chy s t l vi hiu s gia nng hin ti v tr s ny. Xem chi tit v 68

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 phn ng khi mc 3.4. Gn bng 0 nu khng p dng. Wall Coefficient Correlation H s tng quan phn ng thnh vi nhm ca ng. Xem chi tit v phn ng thnh mc 3.4. Gn bng 0 nu khng p dng.

4. Cc tu chn Thi gian (Times Options) 5. Cc tu chn Nng lng (Energy Options)
8.2. Chy chng trnh (Running an Analysis) 8.3. Cc kt qu g ri (Troubleshooting Results)

EPANET s a ra thng bo li v cnh bo kho gp phi vn rc ri trong cc phn tch thu lc v phn tch cht lng nc. Cc vn chung nht c cp sau y: 1. My bm khng lu lng hoc ct nc (Pumps Cannot Deliver Flow or Head) 2. Mng b h (Network is Disconnected) 3. p sut b m (Negative Pressures Exist) 4. H thng khng cn bng (System Unbalanced) 5. Phng trnh thu lc khng gii c (Hydraulic Equations Unsolvable)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

69

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 9.

XEM KT QU

EPANET c cc chc nng xem kt qu sau y:


9.1. Xem kt qu trn bn (Viewing Results on the Map)
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

70

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2


9.2. Xem kt qu bng th (Viewing Results with a Graph) 9.3. Xem kt qu bng bng biu (Viewing Results with a Table) 9.4. Xem kt qu bng cc thng bo c bit (Viewing Special Reports)

Thng bo v tnh trng h thng (Status Report) Thng bo v nng lng (Energy Report) Thng bo v s nh c (Calibration Report) Thng bo v phn ng (Reaction Report) Thng bo y (Full Report)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

71

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 10. IN V COPY

10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5.

Chn my in (Selecting a Printer) Thit lp khun bn v (Setting the Page Format) Nhn bn v trc khi in (Print Preview) In mt cnh hin ti (Printing the Current View) Chp vo vng m hoc vo mt file (Copying to the Clipboard or to a File)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

72

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 11. XUT V NHP 11.1. Cc chc nng xut v nhp

Kch bn d n (Project Scenarios) Xut mt kch bn (Exporting a Scenario) Nhp mt kch bn (Importing a Scenario) Nhp mt phn mng li (Importing a Partial Network) Nhp mt bn mng li (Importing a Network Map) Xut mt bn mng li (Exporting the Network Map) Xut sang file vn bn (Exporting to a Text File)
11.2. Cch nhp s mng li cp nc t bn v CAD

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

73

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Vic v mt s mng li cp nc trc tip trn mn hnh my tnh thng tn cng sc v s rt km chnh xc, nht l khi s phc tp c nhiu on ng. EPANET cn cung cp mt tin ch rt mnh l kh nng nhp s h thng t file nh. Sau y s trnh by cch v s mng li cho EPANET t bn v CAD theo trnh t sau: Bc 1. To file nh
-

C bn v s mng li di dng CAD.

- Bt chng trnh chuyn i hnh v CAD sang Picture (c th dng BWM hoc mt chng trnh khc). -

Bt chng trnh x l nh (Paint, Microsoft Photo Editor, Photoshop...). Copy bn v CAD vo clipboard. Dn sang Paint (hoc Microsoft Photo Editor, Photoshop...). Lu (Save) di dng file bitmap (*.bmp). Bc 2. Nhp file nh lm nn v s mng li cho EPANET

Vo chc nng View >> Backdrop >> Load. Hin ra ca s Open a Backdrop Map. Ch ng dn ti th mc cha file nh cn tm v m file (Open). Nn nh s hin ra. V theo hnh di nn to s mng li bng EPANET.

Ch rng, sau khi v xong nu khng cn nn (nhn qu ri) th c th tm thi tt i bng cch n chut phi v click vo biu tng Backdrop >> On-Off.

CHNG 12. CC CU HI THNG GP

1) 2) 3)

Lm th no c th nhp mt mng li t mt bn v bng CAD? Lm th no m phng mt ging bm nc ngm? Lm th no lm cho mt my bm bm ng mt lu lng c th?

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

74

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 Lm th no c th cng bc mt thi gian biu c th ca dng chy ngun 4) cung cp vo mng li t cc b cha? 5) 6) 7) Lm th no c th phn tch iu kin cha chy cho mt nt c th? Lm th no lp m hnh mt van gim p ngn dng chy ngc. Lp m hnh b nc c nn kh nh th no?

8) Lm th no lp m hnh mt ng x nc vo i khi cao trnh ming ng cao hn mt thong trong i? 9) Lm th no xc nh cc iu kin ban u i vi mt phn tch cht lng nc? 10) 11) 12) 13) c tinh gi tr s ca h s phn ng khi v phn ng thnh nh th no? M hnh ho trm tng Clo nh th no? M hnh ho s gia tng Trihalomethane (THM) nh th no? C th dng Text Editor son tho cc thuc tnh mng khi ang chy EPANET c khng? C th chy nhiu phn mm ca EPANET cng mt lc khng?

14)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

75

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

CHNG 13. NG DNG CA M HNH EPANET

13.1.

Cc ng dng chung

Phn ln cc m hnh phn phi nc c s dng phn tch mt s a dng ca h thng ng ng p lc. S m phng h thng phn phi nc l rt li cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau, l: Quy hoch tng th di hn, bao gm c pht trin mi v ti nh c, Cc nghin cu v cha chy, Quan st cht lng nc, Qun l nng lng, Thit k h thng,

- Cc nhu cu vn hnh hng ngy bao gm c hun luyn cho ngi vn hnh, i ph tnh trng khn cp, v x l s c.
Quy hoch tng th

Ngi quy hoch nghin cu cn thn mi kha cnh ca mt h thng phn phi nc v c gng xc nh cc d n pht trin chnh yu tng th no l cn thit m bo cht lng phc v trong tng lai. Qu trnh ny, gi l quy hoch tng th (cn gi l quy hoch pht trin chnh yu hay quy hoch ci tin), c th c s dng pht trin h thng d n v nhu cu nc cho 5, 10 hay 20 nm ti. S pht trin ca h thng l c th xy ra v s tng dn s, s st nhp, vic ginh c hoc cc hp ng thng mi trong cc li ch cp cp nc. Mt m hnh khng nhng c th c s dng nhn ra cc vng trc trc tim n (nh vng p lc thp hoc cc vng c vn v cht lng nc trong tng lai), m cn c s dng xc nh quy m v v tr cc ng ng chuyn nc, cc trm bm v cc cng trnh tr nc mi m bo rng cc trc trc tin on s khng bao gi xy ra. Duy tr h thng mt mc phc v c th chp nhn c
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

76

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 a chung hn l phi phc hi mt h thng tr thnh lc hu.
S phc hi

Nh i vi h thng my mc, s hao mn v hng hc trn h thng phn phi nc c th dn ti nhu cu thi s phc hi cc phn ca h thng nh l cc on ng, my bm, van, v b cha. Cc ng, c bit l ng c, khng nhn mt, lm bng kim loi, c th phi chu mt s lng ng to ra bn trong bi v lp lng ng khong cht v cc phn ng ho hc trong nc. iu ny c th gy ra s mt kh nng chuyn ti, gim p sut, v cht lng nc km. k n cc hiu ng lo ho ny, mt cng c c chn lm sch v lm trn ng. Mt s la chn l, c th phi thay ng mi (c th to hn) hoc thm mt ng na u song song. Cc m phng thu lc c th c s dng nh gi hiu qu ca nhng c gng phc hi nh vy, v tm ra s ci tin h thng kinh t nht.
Cc nghin cu cha chy

H thng phn phi nc thng c yu cu cung cp nc cho cha chy. Vic thit k mt h thng c nhu cu cha chy l cn thit v thng thng c mt nh hng ln n vic thit k mng bn trong. Ngi k s xc nh cc nhu cu cha chy, ri s dng mt m hnh kim tra kh nng ca h thng nhm p ng nhng yu cu . Nu h thng khng cp c lu lng nht nh v duy tr p sut, m hnh c th c s dng cho vic sp xp cc phn t thu lc (cc ng, my bm, v.v...) iu chnh chng.
Theo di cht lng nc

Mt s chng trnh cung cp m hnh cht lng nc b sung vo cc kh nng m phng thu lc. Tui nc, cht nh du ngun, v cc phn tch nng hp cht c th c m hnh ho trong khp mng. V d, s duy tr Clo d c th c nghin cu v b tr mt cch hiu qu hn, s hnh thnh cc sn phm kh trng trong h thng cng c th c phn tch, hoc tc ng ca cc b cha ln cht lng nc cng c th nh gi c. Cc m hnh cht lng nc cng c dng nghin cu sa i s hot ng thu lc ci thin cht lng nc.
Qun l nng lng

Bn cnh cc chi ph cho vic bo dng v sa cha h tng, th chi ph cho nng lng bm l cc khon chi ph qun l ln nht ca nhiu b phn dng nc. M
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

77

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 phng thu lc c s dng nghin cu c tnh vn hnh v nng lng tiu th ca my bm trong mi h vi h thng. Bng vic pht trin v th nhiu kiu vn hnh my bm khc nhau, th tc ng n nng lng tiu th s c tnh ton, v c th tm c mt cch tit kim chi ph nng lng.
Vn hnh hng ngy

Khi vn hnh h thng phn phi nc u cn phi m bo p sut , lu lng, v cc mc nc trong i trn ton h thng c gi trong phm vi cho php. Ngi vn hnh phi quan st cc ch s ny v phn ng kp thi khi c mt gi tr tt xung qu mc cho php. Bng vic m mt my bm hoc iu chnh mt van, ngi vn hnh c th iu chnh h thng c hot ng mt mc phc v thch hp. Mt m hnh thu lc c th s dng trong hot ng hng ngy xc nh hiu ng ca cc tc ng khc nhau, cung cp cho ngi vn hnh nhng thng tin tt hn ra quyt nh.
Hun luyn qun l. Phn ln nhng ngi vn hnh h thng phn phi nc thc hin cc cng vic ca h rt tt. Mt chng c cho iu ny, a s cc h thng t khi b ngng cp nc. Nguyn nhn xy ra vic ngng cp nc t pha ngi vn hnh l rt him. Tuy nhin nhiu ngi vn hnh t c kinh nghim v s t tin trong vic vn hnh h thng qua mt thi gian di v i khi nhng bi hc t gi nht ch t c di mt iu kin rt bt buc. M hnh thu lc cho mt c hi tuyt vi o to nhng ngi vn hnh v h thng ca h s lm vic nh th no trong cc iu kin ti trng khc nhau vi nhiu kch bn iu khin v trong cc tnh hung khn cp. X l s c. S c l phn c thc ca vic vn hnh h thng phn phi nc, v ngi vn hnh cn chun b ngn khng cho s c xy ra t s v ng cho n t chi hot ng. Lp k hoch trc cho nhng tnh hung s c bng vic s dng m hnh c th gi cho s phc v ca h thng khng b tn thng hoc t nht cng gim thiu phm vi nh hng ti cc h dng nc. . G ri cho h thng. Khi cc c trng thu lc hay cht lng nc khng tun theo tiu chun, mt m phng m hnh c th c dng xc nh cc nguyn nhn. V d, hng lot cc m phng cho mt vng ln cn chu mt p sut thp thng xuyn c th ch ra kh nng l gn vng ny c van b ng. Mt i qun l c th c phi n kim tra cc van gn y.

13.2.

Thc hnh trn mt v d


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

78

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2


Cho trc

H thng cp nc pha ng nam th x Thnh ph Lng Sn. S h thng phn phi nc c th hin bng bn v CAD (hnh 13.1). Da v cc s liu trn bn v ny v cc s liu lin quan, trc khi tin hnh lp m hnh bng EPANET, xc nh c cc c trng sau:
-

Hnh dng mng li (hnh 13.1). V tr cc nt: cc mi ni, my bm, i. Chiu di cc on ng c (th hin bng cc con s bn cnh cc ng). Cao mt t ti cc nt (th hin bng cc con s bn cnh cc nt).

- Lu lng yu cu c bn, cng gi l lu lng trung bnh gi, ti cc nt (c th hin bng cc con s bn cnh cc mi tn i ra t nt hnh v v cn c thng k nh bng 13.2). -

Lu lng trung bnh gi ca h thng l Qtb.s=267,63 l/s.

- H s Kc=1,3662 (tra TCVN 33-85 vi 267,63 l/s), t ni suy c gi tr cc h s khng iu ho gi Kh ho v tnh c cc nhn t lu lng (Multiplier) nh bng 13.3.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Hnh 13.1. Bi tp h thng phn phi nc nc TP Lng Sn


Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

80

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Bng 13.3. Lu lng yu cu c bn ti cc nt Cao mt t Lu lng c bn (Elevation) (Base Demand ) (m) (l/s) 265,3 257 256 256 255,8 255 260 260 262,5 262,7 265 257 257 260 265 265 265 262,2 275,5 11,08 28,31 14,72 25,78 12,88 21,63 8,98 17,93 7,61 16,31 11,5 14,13 19,61 20,69 15,37 10,32 10,78

Tn nt (Node ID) Junc 3 Junc 4 Junc 5 Junc 6 Junc 7 Junc 8 Junc 9 Junc 10 Junc 11 Junc 12 Junc 13 Junc 14 Junc 15 Junc 16 Junc 17 Junc 18 Junc 19 Resvr 1 Tank 2

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

81

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2

Bng 13.2. H s khng iu ho Kh ho v nhn t lu lng H s khng iu ho Kh 1,785 1,785 1,785 1,785 1,785 4,606 5,259 5,259 5,715 5,715 5,715 5,185 4,741 5,428 5,699 5,699 5,699 Nhn t lu lng (Multiplier) 0,428 0,428 0,428 0,428 0,428 1,105 1,262 1,262 1,372 1,372 1,372 1,244 1,138 1,303 1,368 1,368 1,368 82

Gi 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17
Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2 17-18 5,141 1,234 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-14 Tng cng: 4,963 4,818 4,607 3,256 1,785 1,785
100,000

1,191 1,156 1,106 0,781 0,428 0,428


24.000

Yu cu

1) S dng phn mm EPANET : M phng h thng phng. Phn tch thu lc mng li cp nc theo thi gian di. Phn tch cht lng nc.

2) ng thi xc nh mt cch hp l (hoc ti u) cc thng s v cc c trng c bn ca h thng, gm: ng knh cc ng (d kin l ng thp trng km). Cao trnh v p sut ti cc nt.

- Cc thng s ca i nc (cao trnh, ng knh, su nh nht, su ln nht,). Ct nc, lu lng yu cu ca my bm, loi my bm. Nng lng tiu th bnh qun ngy v tin chi ph nng lng.

Cc bc c bn

1) To bn v mng li. 2) To cc thuc tnh cho cc phn t trong mng. 3) Chy chng trnh. 4) Xem, xut, in kt qu. 5) Tho lun kt qu. 6) Chn v n nh phng n v cc thng s v cc c trng c bn ca h thng.

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

83

Designer by : Tng nh Quyt _ s7_ 46H_ HTL cs2


TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Hong Hu. Cp thot nc. NXB Xy dng. H Ni, 1993. 2. My bm v trm bm, PGS.TS L Ch Nguyn i Hc Thy Li. 3. Nguyn Vn Tn. Cp nc, Tp 1, Mng li cp nc. NXB Khoa hc v k thut. H Ni, 2001. 4. TCXD 33-1985. Cp nc - Mng li bn ngoi cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k. 5. S tra cu my bm v thit b. Trng H Thu li. H Ni, 1998. 6. Trn Hiu Nhu. Cp nc v v sinh nng thn. NXB Khoa hc v k thut. H Ni, 2001. (VWSA, DANIDA, SDC, UNDP, WB ti tr)

Email : tongquyetdhtl@yahoo.com Tel : 0977.78.43.79

84

You might also like