887-AD Cung

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TNH TON THIT K O NG CNG

1.
Kt cu mt ng .................................................................................. 2
2.
Cu to mt ct ngang tm b tng xi mng mt ng .................... 3
3.
Cng ca b tng ............................................................................ 4
4.
Lin kt gia cc khe ca tm b tng.................................................. 4
4.1 Kch thc ca thanh truyn lc .......................................................... 5

4.2 Kch thc ca cc ngm trong khe kiu ngm ................................... 6
4.3 Khong cch gia cc khe co v dn .................................................. 6
4.4 Chiu rng ca khe co, dn v yu cu i vi vt liu chn khe. ...... 7
5. Cu to v kch thc tm b tng trong cc trng hp c bit .. 7
6.
Ti trng tnh ton, lu lng xe chy tnh ton v h s chit gim
cng tnh ton.......................................................................................... 7

7.
Tnh ton cng mt ng b tng xi mng di mt b tng
nha. ................................................................................................................. 9
7.1 Tnh ton chiu dy tm xi mng theo cng thc sau: ........................ 9
7.2 Kim ton chiu dy b tng di tc dng ca xe nng c bit ...... 11
8. Kim ton vi ng sut nhit ............................................................... 14
9.
Thit k lp mng b tong xi mng ca mt ng b tong nha.. 17
10.
Xc nh m un n hi chung trn mt lp mng E m ch ............... 17
11.
Tnh chiu dy lp mng ca mt ng b tng xi mng. ........... 18
1.
Cu to ca mt ng b tng lp ghp .......................................... 20
2.
Tnh ton tm b tng lp ghp. .......................................................... 20
3.
xc nh din tch ct thp cn thit phi tnh gi tr ca h s 1
hoc 1 theo cng thc: ................................................................................ 23
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TNH TON THIT K O NG CNG

1. Kt cu mt ng
Kt cu mt ng b tng xi mng ti ch gm cc lp mt, lp to phng,
lp mng, nn t. Mt ng BTXM l loi mt ng cng, cc tm b tng l
;p chu lc ch yu ca mt ng (ch khng phi l lp mng nh vi mt
ng mm) chu un di tc dng ti trng xe chy. Ty theo v tr ca ti trng
bnh xe tc dng mp hoc tm ca tm b tng m ng sut ko c th
phn trn hoc phn di ca tm b tng mt ng.
Mt ng BTXM cn b bin dng khi nhit v m thay i v khi b tng

b co rt. Bin dng do nhit , m thay i va do b tng co rt s lm xut hin
ni ng sut trong b tng v s ma st gia mt di ca tm b tng v lp mng
lm cn tr s thay i t do kch thc ca mt ng. gim ni ng sut trong
b tng v cho mt ng khng b nt theo hng bt k, ngi ta xy dng
cc khe bin dng, cc khe ny chia mt ng thnh cc tm hnh ch nht kch
thc t 5x3,5 n 6x3,5. khi c b tr ct thp thng hoc ct thp ng sut trc
th kch thc ca tm b tng nht l chiu di tm, c th tng ln hng chc mt.
dc ngang ca mt ng b tng xi mng t 15-20%o
B rng lp mng Bm phi c xc nh ty thuc vo phng php v t hp
my thi cng, nhng trong mi trng hp nn rng hn mt mi bn t 0,3 0,5m.
Trong mi trng hp 30 cm nn t trn cng di lp mng phi c m
cht K>=0.98; tip di 30cm ny phi c m cht t K>= 0.95. i vi cc
on nn ng m tnh hnh thy vn, a cht khng tt th trc khi xy dng
mt ng phi s dng cc phin php x l c bit (thay t, thot nc hoc

gia c).
Lp mng c b tr gim p lc ti trng t trn nn t, hn ch nc
ngm qua khe xung nn t, gim tch ly bin dng gc v cnh tm, to iu
kin bo m bng phng, n nh, nng cao cng v kh nng chng nt
ca mt ng ng thi m bo cho t v my ri b tng chy trn lp mng
trong thi gian thi cng.
Lp mng c th lm bng b tng ngho, gia c xi mng, ct gia c xi mng,
t gia c xi mng hoc vi. Trn cc ng a phng hoc ng ni b t xe
nng chy th c th lm mng bng dm hoc x ct.
B dy mng phi xc nh tnh ton nhng khng nh hn b dy ti thiu bng 1
Bng 1 : b dy ti thiu ca lp mng o ng cng
Loi vt liu mng
Hmin (cm)
B tng ngho
14
t, ct hoc gia c
15 16
Ct ht trung, ht to
20
Lp to phng c th bng giy du, ct trn nha dy 2-3 cm. Lp ny c cu

to m bo bng phng ca lp mng, bo m tm dch chuyn khi nhit
thay i.
2. Cu to mt ct ngang tm b tng xi mng mt ng
Mt ct ngang ca tm b tng mt ng phi c b dy khng i. B dy tm b
tng xi mng phi xc nh theo tnh ton, c lu n kinh nghim khai thc ng
nhng khng c nh hn cc tr s bng 2
B dy tm BTXM ti thiu (cm) ty thuc lu lng xe tnh ton (xe/ngy m)

Vt liu lp mng
>10000
7000-10000
5000-7000
3000-5000
2000-3000
1000-2000
24
22
22
20
18
18
- dm x, si, cui
22
20
18
18
- ct, cp phi
22
20
18
- , ct, t gia c cht

lin kt v c
Ngoi ra b dy tm ti thiu cn ty thuc ti trng trc thit k nh sau:

- Trc n 9,5T b dy ti thiu l 18cm
3. Cng ca b tng
B tng lm lp mt phi c cng chu un gii hn khng nh hn
40daN/cm2 (cng chu nn gii hn khng nh hn 300 daN/cm2). i vi
ng cp I, II tr s ny phi khng nh hn 45 daN/cm2 (cng chu nn gii
hn khng nh hn 350 daN/cm2)
B tng lm lp mng di mt ng b tng nha phi c cng chu un
gii hn khng nh hn 25daN/cm2 (cng chu nn gii hn khng nh hn
170 daN/cm2)
Cc ch tiu cng v mdun n hi ca b tng lm ng cho bng 3
Bng 3
2
Cng gii hn sau 28 ngy (daN/cm )

Cc lp kt cu
M un n hi E
(daN/cm2)
Cng chu ko un
Cng chu nn
50
400
35.10
45
350
33.10
40
300
31,5.104
35
250
29.10
30
200
26,5.10
25
170
23.10
Lp mt
Lp mng ca mt
ng b tng nha
4
4
4
4
4. Lin kt gia cc khe ca tm b tng

Cc khe ca tm b tng c chia lm hai loi: khe ngang v khe dc. Cc khe
ngang li chia lm hai loi: khe dn v khe co
Khe dc v khe ngang phi thng gc vi nhau v khe ngang trn hai ln xe phi
thng hng vi nhau (c trn ng thng v ng cong). cc on c nhnh
ng r cho th u khe ngang ca ln r v u u khe ngang ca ln i thng
phi b tr trng nhau.
Khe dc c th lm theo kiu ngm hoc kiu c thanh truyn lc
Khe dn thng b tr theo kiu thanh truyn lc, khe co thng lm kiu khe gi
4
Vi mt ng b tng c hai hoc nhiu ln xe cn phi b tr khe dc theo tim

ng hoc song song vi tim ng. C ly gia cc khe dc khng vt qua 4,5m
v thng bng b rng mt ln xe. Khe dc c th lm theo kiu khe co hoc kiu
khe ngm.
4.1
Kch thc ca thanh truyn lc
Khong cch t thanh truyn lc n mp mt ng (ca khe dn, khe co) khng
c ln hn n khong cch gia hai thanh truyn lc.
Bng 4 : kch thc ca cc thanh truyn lc
Chiu dy
ng knh
tm b tng
thanh truyn lc
(cm)
(mm)
Chiu di thanh
truyn lc (cm)
Khong cch gia 2 thanh truyn lc (cm)

Trong khe dn
Trong khe co
Nh hn
20
50
30
65 (100)*
22-30
25
50
30
65 (100)*
Ghi ch:
Cc s trong ngoc n ng vi trng hp tm b tng t trn lp mng gia c
cc cht lin k v c.
Thanh truyn lc ca khe dc thng c ng knh t 10 -1 2 mm chiu di 75cm,
t cch nhau 100cm
5
4.2
Kch thc ca cc ngm trong khe kiu ngm

Bng 5 : Cc kch thc ca ngm
Cc kch thc ca ngm
Chiu dy tm b tng
4.3
(cm)
18
3,5
1,5
20
1,5
22
7,5
1,5
24
1,5
26
4,5
1,5
28
9,5
9,5
4,5
1,5
30
10
10
10
1,5
Khong cch gia cc khe co v dn
Khong cch gia cc khe ngang (khe co v dn) c ly theo s liu ca bng 6
Bng 6
Loi kt cu mt ng v kiu khe
Chiu
dy
Nhit khng kh khi b tng ( 0c)
tm b tng
5-15
10 - 25
>= 25
24
48
60
Cui ca thi cng
20 22
36
42
42
18
25
30
40
20 24
18
24
54
72
Cui ca thi cng
20 22
42
54
18
25
35
45
20 24
18
(mm)
Mt ng b tng khng ct thp
trn mng ct v hn hp ct si:
Khe dn
Khe co
Mt ng b tng khng ct thp

trn mng ct gia c xi mng v cc
loi mng gia c cc cht lin kt vo
c khc
Khe dn
Khe co
Chiu rng ca khe co, dn v yu cu i vi vt liu chn khe.
4.4
Chiu rng ca khe co dn tnh theo cng thc:

b = . . L . t . 1000 (cm)
Trong :
t hiu s ca nhit cao khng kh cao nht ca a phng lm ng
so vi nhit khi b tng.
- h s p co ca vt liu chn khe, khi chn khe bng mattic nha ly = 2,0;
L khong cch gia hai khe dn, m;
h s dn n ca b tng, thng ly = 0,00001
Chiu rng ca khe co khi chn khe bng mattic nha thng ly t 8 12mm
Vt liu chn khe phi m bo tnh n hi lu di, c th dnh bm cht vi b
tng khng thm nc, tri lnh khng dn, tri nng khng chy.
5. Cu to v kch thc tm b tng trong cc trng hp c bit
Trn ng cp I, II, chiu di tm (c ly gia cc khe co ngang) nn gim n
3,5m; 4,0m v 5m tng ng vi b dy tm 18, 20 v >=22 cm trong cc trng
hp sau phng ln khng u:
-
nn p cao t 3 5m
trong on chuyn tip t nn p sang nn o trn phm vi chuyn tip 20 40m.
Trn cc on nn p qua vng t yu hoc than bn v nn p cao hn 5,0m

hoc cc on d on nn c th ln khng u (nh cc on ln cn hai bn
cng v sau m cu ...) th tm b tng xi mng cn b tr thm cc li thp t 1,6
n 2,3 kg/m2
Khi xy dng mt ng BTXM trn mng ct hoc cp phi ct si th mp
tm tip xc vi l ng nn b tr hai thanh thp g 12. Chng c t cao
hn y tm 5cm, thanh th nht dt cch mp tm 10cm, thanh th hai t cch
thanh th nht 20cm v u ct thp t cch khe ngang 50cm
6. Ti trng tnh ton, lu lng xe chy tnh ton v h s chit gim cng
tnh ton
Ti trng tnh ton tiu chun i vi kt cu o ng cng cng c quy nh
thng nht nh trong tnh ton thit k o ng mm v khi tnh ton ti trng bnh
xe c nhn thm vi h s xung kch trong bng 7
7
Bng 7: ti trng tnh ton tiu chun v h s xung kch

Ti trng trc tiu
Ti trng bnh tiu
Ti trng bnh tnh
chun (daN)
chun (daN)
10000
5000
1,2
6000
12000
6000
1,15
6900
9500
4750
1,20
5700
H s xung kch
ton (daN)
Sau khi tnh ton vi ti trng tiu chun, phi kim ton li vi xe nng nht c
th chy trn ng, kim ton vi xe nhiu bnh 80 tn, vi xe xch T60 (khi trn
ng c th c xe i li)
Bng 8 : Cc ch tiu k thut ch yu ca my ko nhiu bnh:
n v
My ko 80
80
Chic
p lc ca mi trc bnh xe
20
Khong cch gia cc trc theo hng dc
1,2+4,0+1,2
Chic
Khong cch gia cc i bnh xe theo hng ngang
3x0,9
Kch thc vt bnh xe (bnh kp)
0,5 x 0,2
Ch tiu
Trng lng
S trc bnh xe
S bnh xe trn mi trc bnh
Bng 9 : Cc ch tiu ch yu ca xe xch T 60 :

n v
My ko 80
60
T/m
Chic
Chiu di vt bnh xch
Chiu rng vt bnh xch
0,7
C ly gia hi trc bnh xch (theo hng ngang)
2,6
Ch tiu
Trng lng
p lc bnh xch
S bnh xch
H s chit gim cng n: khi tnh ton cng kt cu o ng cng, cng

chu un cho php ca b tng xi mng c xc nh bng cng chu un
gii hn nhn vi h s chit gim cng n qui nh ty thuc t hp ti trng
tnh ton:
8
Bng 10: gi tr h s trit gim cng n

H s chit gim cng
T hp ti trng tnh ton
(n)
Tnh vi ti trng thit k
H s an ton k = 1/n
0,5
Kim ton vi xe nng
0,59 0,65
1,7 1,53
Kim ton vi xe xch
0,65
1,54
0,85 0,90
1,18 1,11
Tc dng ng thi ca hot ti v ca

ng sut nhit
7. Tnh ton cng mt ng b tng xi mng di mt b tng nha.

7.1
Tnh ton chiu dy tm xi mng theo cng thc sau:

h=
Trong :
.Ptt
[ ]
H : chiu dy tm
Ptt ti trng bnh xe tnh ton ( nhn vi h s xung kch) daN/cm2
[] cng chu un cho php ca b tng xi mng daN/cm2
E
h s c tr s thay i ty theo v tr ti trng v t s E m v
ch
Vi:
h
R
E m un n hi ca b tng, daN/cm2
Emch m un n hi chung trn lp mng
R bn knh ca tit din vt bnh xe tnh ton
Khi tinh chiu dy cho trng hp ti trng tc dng gia tm, cnh tm v gc
tm th phn bit dng cc h s a1, a2, a3. trong ba tr s a1, a2, a3 phi chn tr s
ln nht tnh chiu dy h
Bng 11: h s 1 (ti trng tc dng gia tm)

h/R
E/Emch
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.50
2000
1.74
1.66
1.60
1.53
1.45
1.36
1.23
1.08
0.99
1500
1.67
1.63
1.56
1.50
1.41
1.30
1.17
1.04
0.95
1000
1.62
1.55
1.49
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.11
0.97
0.88
800
1.57
1.51
1.44
1.37
1.28
1.17
1.07
0.93
0.84
600
1.51
1.46
1.39
1.32
1.22
1.13
1.02
0.88
0.80
500
1.47
1.42
1.35
1.26
1.19
1.10
0.99
0.86
0.76
400
1.44
1.38
1.31
1.22
1.15
1.07
0.96
0.82
0.72
300
1.38
1.33
1.26
1.18
1.11
1.02
0.92
0.77
0.68
200
1.31
1.25
1.18
1.12
1.04
0.96
0.85
0.70
0.61
150
1.25
1.19
1.13
1.07
0.98
0.91
0.80
0.65
0.56
100
1.18
1.13
1.08
1.01
0.94
0.84
0.75
0.58
0.50
80
1.14
1.09
1.04
0.97
0.90
0.81
0.69
0.55
0.46
0.60
0.50
Bng12 : h s 2 (ti trng tc dng cnh tm)

h/R
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
E/E
ch
2000
2.74
2.60
2.49
2.36
2.21
2.05
1.82
1.55
1.39
1500
2.62
2.54
2.42
2.30
2.14
1.95
1.71
1.47
1.32
1000
2.51
2.41
2.39
2.14
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.36
1.19
800
2.44
2.32
2.19
2.08
1.91
1.72
1.53
1.29
1.11
600
2.33
2.23
2.11
1.97
1.83
1.63
1.45
1.20
1.03
500
2.26
2.15
2.03
1.90
1.79
1.58
1.39
1.14
0.98
400
2.19
2.09
1.97
1.79
1.68
1.53
1.33
1.07
0.91
300
2.10
2.01
1.87
1.73
1.61
1.45
1.25
0.99
0.82
200
1.97
1.86
1.73
1.62
1.49
1.33
1.13
0.86
0.69
150
1.86
1.75
1.63
1.53
1.39
1.24
1.04
0.77
0.61
100
1.73
1.65
1.54
1.42
1.29
1.12
0.92
0.65
0.50
80
1.65
1.57
1.47
1.34
1.22
1.05
0.84
0.58
0.45
10
Bng13 : h s 3 (ti trng tc dng gia tm)

h/R
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.5
2000
2.37
2.31
2.25
2.17
2.09
1.97
1.80
1.62
1.49
1500
2.31
2.27
2.2
2.12
2.04
1.91
1.73
1.55
1.42
1000
2.26
2.19
2.13
2.04
1.95
1.8
1.66
1.47
1.34
800
2.2
2.14
2.07
1.99
1.88
1.75
1.60
1.40
1.26
600
2.14
2.09
2.02
1.93
1.8
1.68
1.54
1.33
1.19
500
2.11
2.04
1.97
1.85
1.75
1.64
1.49
1.28
1.14
400
2.07
2.00
1.93
1.81
1.72
1.60
1.44
1.21
1.08
300
2.01
1.95
1.86
1.75
1.66
1.54
1.38
1.15
1.00
200
1.92
1.84
1.76
1.67
1.57
1.44
1.28
1.03
0.87
150
1.84
1.77
1.69
1.61
1.50
1.34
1.19
0.95
0.80
100
1.76
1.68
1.62
1.52
1.41
1.26
1.08
0.84
0.54
E/E
ch
tnh chiu dy tm b tng theo cng thc trn cn phi dng phng php
th dn; u tin gi nh h, tm h/R ri tra cc h s a trong bng trn v thay vo
cng thc. Nu tr s h tm ra khng ph hp vi gi thuyt th phi gi nh chiu
dy cho n khi kt qu tnh ton v kt qu gi nh gn hoc hon ton ph hp
mi thi
Chiu dy tnh khng c nh hn chiu dy ti thiu quy nh
7.2
Kim ton chiu dy b tng di tc dng ca xe nng c bit
Khi kim ton tc dng ca xe nng c bit hoc ca cc trc xe nhiu bnh th
chiu dy tm b tng c tnh theo cng thc
h=
Trong
6 M
[ ]
H chiu dy tm
[] cng chu un cho php ca b tng xi mng daN/cm2
M tng mo men un
Xc nh momen un theo cng thc sau:
11
Mo men un hng tm v tip tuyn do ti trng phn b u trn din tch vng
trn vt bnh tng ng R sinh ra ngay di bnh xe:
CPtt (1 + )
2 .aR
M men un hng tm v tuyn do ti trng tp trung ca bnh xe bn cnh gy
M F = MT =
ra
MF = (A+mB)Ptt
MT = (B+mA)Ptt
Trong cc cng thc trn:

MF m men hng tm, (daN.cm/cm)
MT m men tip tuyn, (daN.cm/cm)
Ptt ti trng bnh xe tnh ton nhn vi h s xung kch, (daN)
M h s poison ca b tng (m=0.15)
A, B cc tham s xc nh theo tch s ar
C cc tham s xc nh theo aR
Tr s ca ar v aR xc nh theo bng tra sn hoc tnh trc tip qua cng thc;
cc h s A, B, C tra bng
r khong cch gia im tc dng ti trng n im cn tm momen, (cm)
a h s c lin quan n cng hnh tr ca tm, tnh theo cng thc:
a=3
6 E chm (1 b2 )
Eh 3 (1 m2 )
12
Trong :
Emch M un n hi chung trn mt lp mng.
E M un n hi ca b tng, (daN/cm2)
Mm h s Poisson chung ca mng v nn t. Nu ly mb = 0,15 mm = 0,3
0,4; th c th tnh gn ng:
1 3 6 E chm
a=
h
E
Nu cn kim ton chiu dy tm di tc dng ca ti trng xe xch, xe nhiu bnh,
lu ... th dng cng thc v tnh mo men nn hng tm v tip tuyn do cc lc tp
trung gy ra quyt nh mo men un dng kim ton tr tit din :
Mx = MFcos2 + MTsin2
My = MFsin2 + MFcos2
Trong :
gc kp gia lc ca hn tm momen vi ng ni lin im tc dng
lc vi im tm momen
Khi a < 200 tr s sin2 rt nh nn c th b qua
Bng 14: Gi tr ar v aR
h/r hay h/R
E
m
ch
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
2000
0.072
0.080
0.090
0.103
0.120
0.144
0.180
0.240
0.286
0.360
0.480
0.750
1.440
1500
0.079
0.088
0.990
0.114
0.133
0.159
0.198
0.265
0.346
0.397
0.530
0.795
1.590
1200
0.085
0.095
0.107
0.122
0.143
0.171
0.214
0.285
0.342
0.427
0.569
0.855
1.710
1000
0.091
0.104
0.114
0.130
0.152
0.182
0.227
0.304
0.364
0.454
0.605
0.910
1.820
800
0.980
0.108
0.122
0.140
0.163
0.195
0.244
0.326
0.390
0.487
0.650
0.975
1.950
600
0.108
0.120
0.135
0.154
0.181
0.216
0.270
0.360
0.432
0.540
0.720
1.080
2.160
500
0.114
0.127
0.142
0.163
0.191
0.228
0.286
0.381
0.456
0.570
0.760
1.140
2.280
400
0.123
0.137
0.154
0.176
0.206
0.246
0.308
0.410
0.492
0.615
0.820
1.230
2.461
300
0.135
0.151
0.189
0.194
0.226
0.271
0.338
0.452
0.542
0.677
0.902
1.355
2.710
200
0.135
0.172
0.194
0.220
0.259
0.310
0.387
0.512
0.620
0.775
1.033
1.550
3.100
150
0.171
0.190
0.214
0.244
0.285
0.342
0.426
0.570
0.684
0.860
1.137
1.710
3.420
100
0.195
0.126
0.244
0.279
0.326
0.390
0.487
0.650
0.780
0.975
1.300
1.930
3.900
80
0.210
0.233
0.262
0.300
0.351
0.420
0.525
0.700
0.840
1.050
1.398
2.100
4.200
13
Bng 15: Gi tr ca cc h s A, B, C
ar hay aR
ar hay aR
0.000
1.800
0.025
-0.019
0.050
0.287
0.208
0.091
2.000
0.021
-0.021
0.263
0.100
0.232
0.153
0.147
2.200
0.017
-0.019
0.200
0.178
0.099
0.220
2.400
0.014
-0.018
0.300
0.147
0.068
0.275
2.600
0.012
-0.017
0.400
0.124
0.047
0.313
2.800
0.010
-0.016
0.600
0.093
0.021
0.352
3.000
0.008
-0.014
0.800
0.075
0.004
0.387
3.200
0.007
-0.013
1.000
0.058
-0.006
0.364
3.400
0.006
-0.012
1.200
0.047
-0.013
0.353
3.600
0.005
-0.011
1.400
0.038
-0.017
3.800
0.004
-0.009
1.600
0.031
-0.019
4.000
0.003
-0.008
0.309
8. Kim ton vi ng sut nhit

Khi nhit mt trn v mt di ca tm b tng chnh nhau t ( C) th
trong tm b tng s sinh ra ng sut un vng theo cc cng thc:
t = (C x + C y ).t.
n = (C y + C x ).t.
c = C x .t.
Et
2(1 2 )
Et
2(1 2 )
Et
2(1 2 )
Trong cng thc trn:

1 - ng sut un vng theo hng dc gia tm, daN/cm2
n - ng sut un vng theo hng ngang gia tm, daN/cm2
c - ng sut un vng theo hng dc cnh tm, daN/cm2
t (C ) chnh lch nhit gia mt trn v mt di tm b tng, c th
ly t = 0.84h, vi h l chiu dy tm, cm
- h s Poisson ca b tng, thng ly bng 0,15.
Cx, Cy cc h s c tr s theo t s L/l v B/l.
14
Et m un n hi ca b tngkhi chu tc dng ca s chnh lch nhit

lu di (t 6 9 gi), thng ly bng 0.6Eb, Eb l m un n hi ca b tng,
daN/cm.
- H s dn di do nhit ca b tng = 10-5
l
C
Trong L l chiu di tm b tng ( tc khong cch gia hai khe co ); B l

chiu rng tm ; l l bn knh cng ca tm b tng, tnh theo cng thc:
l = 0.6h 3
Vi : h
E
E ch
(4.12)
- Chiu dy tm b tng, cm
- Mun n hi ca b tng, daN/cm
E
m
E ch - Mun n hi chung trn mt mng, daN/cm;

Gi tr ca cc h s Cx, v Cy c th tra ton v hnh 4.3 hoc bng 4.6
Khi kim ton tc dng phi hp ca ng sut do nhit v ng sut do nhit v ng
sut do ti trgn xe chy, nu ng sut tng hp ln hn cng chu un cho
php ca b tng th phi gim bt chiu dy tm hoc tng chiu dy gi nh ca
tm ri kim ton li vi ng sut tng hp.
15
Bng 16
L
B
v
l
l
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
Cx,y
0,19
0,42
0,70
0,91
1,01
1,07
1,08
Tnh ton ct thp tng cng cnh tm: khi dung tm b tong tit din khng
i chiu dy hi (ng vi d1 bng 4.1 ) c ct thp tng cng cnh tm, tit
din ct thp c tnh theo phng php gn ng ( xem hnh 4.4)
Lc ph them tc dng ln mt di rng 100cm gn cnh tm m ct thp phi

thu nhn c xc nh da trn gi thit l ng sut 2 cnh tm gim dn n
1 gia tm (trong phm vi 100cm ) v tnh theo cng thc:
+ 2
h
1 100
Q= 1
2
4
Nu xem
2 = 1,5 1
(4.13)
(4.14)
Q = 6,25 1 h
Th
(1 ,2 - ng sut do ti trng gy ra trong tm b tong trong trng hp ti trng

tc dng gia tm v cnh tm).
Din tch tit din ct thp cn thit thu nhn lc ph them trn y l:
F=
Q
[ 2 ]
(4.15)
Vi [a ] l ng sut chu php ca ct thp (daN/cm). Cn c vo F(cm)

tnh ra s thanh ct thp cn phi b tr trong phm vi 80cm j t mp vo. thng
dung ct thp c ng knh t 10 14mm.
16
Trng hp tng din tch ct thp bng nhau nn s dng loi ct thp tit din
nh vi s thanh tng i nhiu, nhng phi m bo b tr khong cch gia cc
thanh ct thp khng nh hn 10cm, lp bo h ca ct thp cch y tm b tng
1
h v khng nh hn 5cm, s b tr ct thp mp tm nh v hnh 4.5
4
9. Thit k lp mng b tong xi mng ca mt ng b tong nha

Vic tnh ton b dy lp mng b tng xi mng di lp b tng nha tin hnh
nh sau:
u tin theo cng thc (4.1) xc nh chiu dy ca tm b tng xi mng htd sau
quyt nh chiu dy lp b tng nha theo cu to, ri tnh chiu dy lp mng
b tng xi mng theo cng thc:
Hbx= htd - hbtn 3
Ebtn
Ebx
(4.16)
Trong :
hbx v hbtn - Chiu dy ca lp mng b tng nha, (cm)
Ebx v Ebtn - M un n hi ca b tng xi mng v b tng nha, (daN/cm).
10. Xc nh m un n hi chung trn mt lp mng E m ch
Lp mng v nn t c xem nh mt h bn khng gian n hi 2 lp v vic
tnh m un n hi chung trn mt lp mng c tin hnh theo hng dn iu
3.10 vi ton hnh 3.3 tiu chun thit k o ng mm 22TCN-211-93.
Ch rng trong khi p dng ton ni trn tnh ton th tr s D - ng
knh tng ng ca vt bnh xe tnh ton phi thay bng tr s Dm xc nh theo
cng thc sau xt n s phn b ti trng ca tm b tng xi mng trn:
Dm = D + h (cm)
Vi: h - B dy tm b tng xi mng (cm)
17
Khi tnh ton E m ch cc tr s m un n hi ca vt liu mng v ca nn t

cng xc nh nh cc ph lc III v II tiu chun 22TCN-211-93
11. Tnh chiu dy lp mng ca mt ng b tng xi mng.
Di tc dng lp li ca ti trng, t nn ng c th b bin dng do. Lp
mng di mt ng b tng xi mng phi bo m cho trong t nn ng pha
di khng xut hin bin dng do (khng b trt) vi iu kin:
am + ab kC
Trong :
am - ng sut ct (trt) hot ng ln nht do hot ti gy ra;

ab - ng sut do tnh ti ( trgn lng bn thn ca cc lp kt cu pha
trn) gy ra;
C
- Lc dnh tiu chun ca t (s dng v xc nh nh ph lc II ca
tiu chun thit k o ng mm 22TCN-211-93);

k
- H s tng hp c trng cho iu kin lm vic ca kt cu mt
ng: k = k1k vi k - h s xt n nh hng ca s lp li ti trng ( bng 4-8),

k1 h s xt n s khng ng nht ca iu kin lm vic ca mt ng cng
theo chiu di ng, ly theo bng
Bng 17: Gi tr ca h s k1
loi mng
Gi tr ca k1 khi lin kt gia cc tm

bng thanh truyn lc
kiu ngm
ct liu gia c xi mng
0,65
0,75
ct liu gia c nha
0,55
0,65
Bng 18: Gi tr ca h s k
s t tnh ton trong 1 ngy m trn mt ln xe
Di 1000
10
3000
0,85
Trn 3000
0,75
18
am - c xc nh theo ton Hnh 4.6 vi cc thng tnh ton ca nn t

di mng c xc nh theo ph lc II tiu chun 22TCN211-93
ab - c xc nh theo ton Hnh 4.7

ng sut ct hot ng chiu su z, kG/cm
19
THIT K MT NG B TNG LP GHP

1. Cu to ca mt ng b tng lp ghp
Mt ng b tng lp ghp c th lm bng tm hnh ch nht, hnh vung,
hoc hnh 6 cnh.
phi cn c vo yu t hnh hc ca tuyn ng, yu cu xe chy v iu kin thi
cng ( nht l kh nng ca cn trc) chn hnh dng v kch thc tm.
Cc tm b tng lp ghp phi lin kt tt vi nhau, bo m truyn ti trng t
tm ny sang tm kia, bo m mt ng bng phng, n nh khi chu lc ngang.
C th lin kt theo cc hnh thc di y:
Lin kt khp ( hnh 5.1a)
Lin kt cng ( hnh 5.1b)
Lin kt tuyt i cng (hnh 5.1c)
Tm b tng phi tip xc tt vi mng, thng t tm b tng ln ct m hoc

va xi mng v chn ng cho tm nn chc trn lp ny.
Cc tm b tng lp ghp c th lm bng b tng thng, b tng ct thp v b
tng ct thp d ng lc, trong thng dng nht l cc tm b tng ct thp.
Cng b tng yu cu phi tun theo qui nh iu 2.4 ca tiu chun ny.
2. Tnh ton tm b tng lp ghp.
M men un trong tm ph thuc vo ch s mm S ca tm:
20
S=
3(1 b2 ) E chm r 3
(1 m2 ) E b h 3
(5.1)
Trong :
Echm - M un n hi chung trn mt lp mng (daN/cm), xc nh nh
hng dn iu 4.5.
m - H s Poisson tng ng trn mt lp mng ( m = 0,30)
Eb , b - M un n hi (daN/cm) v h s poisson ca b tong, ( Eb xem

bng 2.2, b = 0,15)
h - chiu dy tm b tng (cm)
r - Bn knh tm trn hoc na cnh ngn ca tm ch nht (cm)
Trng hp S> 10, tm xem nh v hn v dng cc cng thc tnh ton nh i
vi tm b tong xi mng ti ch chng IV.
Trng hp 0,5 S 10, tm xem nh hu hn v xc nh m mem un gia
tm theo cng thc:
Mtt = P( A + B )
(5.2)
Trong :
P - Ti trng bnh tnh ton (bng 3.1), daN/cm
A , B - Cc tr s cho bng 5.1
Trng hp S<0,5, tm thuc loi tuyt i cng, m mem un gia tm tnh

theo cng thc:
Mtt= r2p
(5.3)
Trong :
P - p lc ca bnh xe tnh ton, daN/cm.
r - Vi tm vung bng 1/2 chiu di cnh, vi tm 6 cnh bng chiu di
cnh.
21
Tr s trong cng thc (5.3) xem bng 5.2 ph thuc vo tr s D/2r, vi Dng knh vt xe tng ng.
Tr s trong cng thc (5.3)
D/2r
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
0,06
0,08
0,09
0,10
0,10
0,09
0,07
M men un gia tm do nh hng ca lc ct theo chu vi Q tnh theo cng

thc:
MQ = - Q Qr
Trong Q - H s, tra theo bng 5.3 ph thuc vo S
Tr s Q trong cng thc (5.3)
S
0,5
10
0,264
0,247
0,220
0,197
-0,161
0,126
Lc ct Q do nh hng ca tm bn cnh (khi lin kt khp ) tnh theo cng thc:

MQ = - Q
P
L1
(5.5)
Vi
L1 = r 3
1
2S
Trong - H s, ph thuc vo t s r/L1 tra theo bng 5.4
22
Chiu dy cc tm b tong lp ghp xc nh theo cng thc:

h=
6
(5.6)
[ ]
Trong :
[] - cng chu un cho php ca b tng, xc nh theo iu 2.4 chia cho
h s trit gim cng n ni iu 3.3
M M men un tng cng tnh theo cng thc:
M = Mtt + MQ
(5.7)
Vi:
Mtt Tnh theo cng thc (5.2) hoc (5.3) ng vi trng hp tm hu hn
hoc tm tuyt i cng;
MQ Tnh theo cng thc (5.4)
Chiu dy ca tm b tong lp ghp c chn trc kh nng vn chuyn v lp
ghp tm ri sau tnh ton lng ct thp yu cu.
3. xc nh din tch ct thp cn thit phi tnh gi tr ca h s 1 hoc
1 theo cng thc:
1 =
[ b ]bh02
1 =
[ a ]bh02
Hoc
Trong :
M - M men un tng cng, tnh theo cng thc (5.7);
H0 - Chiu cao c ch ca tit din tm.
b - Chiu rng ca tit din tnh ton.
23
[b] - ng sut chu nn un cho php ca b tong (daN/cm2), ly theo bng 5.5
Bng 5.5
Mac b tong (daN/cm2)
200
250
300
400
ng sut nn un cho
90
110
130
175
php [b]. daN/cm2

[a] - ng sut cho php ca ct thp, daN/cm2, ly nh sau:
Ct thp trn CT3
1350 daN/cm2
Ct thp trn CT5
1600 daN/cm2
Sau tra bng 5.6 xc nh t l ct thp p%
24

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TNH TON THIT K O NG CNG

Cu to mt ct ngang tm b tng xi mng mt ng .................... 3

Cng ca b tng ............................................................................ 4

Lin kt gia cc khe ca tm b tng.................................................. 4

4.1 Kch thc ca thanh truyn lc .......................................................... 5

Ti trng tnh ton, lu lng xe chy tnh ton v h s chit gim

cng tnh ton.......................................................................................... 7

Tnh ton cng mt ng b tng xi mng di mt b tng

Thit k lp mng b tong xi mng ca mt ng b tong nha.. 17

Xc nh m un n hi chung trn mt lp mng E m ch ............... 17

Tnh chiu dy lp mng ca mt ng b tng xi mng. ........... 18

Cu to ca mt ng b tng lp ghp .......................................... 20

Tnh ton tm b tng lp ghp. .......................................................... 20

xc nh din tch ct thp cn thit phi tnh gi tr ca h s 1

hoc 1 theo cng thc: ................................................................................ 23

TNH TON THIT K O NG CNG

Mt ng BTXM cn b bin dng khi nhit v m thay i v khi b tng

mt ng phi s dng cc phin php x l c bit (thay t, thot nc hoc

Lp to phng c th bng giy du, ct trn nha dy 2-3 cm. Lp ny c cu

B dy tm BTXM ti thiu (cm) ty thuc lu lng xe tnh ton (xe/ngy m)

- , ct, t gia c cht

Ngoi ra b dy tm ti thiu cn ty thuc ti trng trc thit k nh sau:

Cng gii hn sau 28 ngy (daN/cm )

4. Lin kt gia cc khe ca tm b tng

Vi mt ng b tng c hai hoc nhiu ln xe cn phi b tr khe dc theo tim

Kch thc ca thanh truyn lc

Khong cch gia 2 thanh truyn lc (cm)

Kch thc ca cc ngm trong khe kiu ngm

Khong cch gia cc khe co v dn

Nhit khng kh khi b tng ( 0c)

Cui ca thi cng

Cui ca thi cng

Mt ng b tng khng ct thp

Chiu rng ca khe co, dn v yu cu i vi vt liu chn khe.

Chiu rng ca khe co dn tnh theo cng thc:

trong on chuyn tip t nn p sang nn o trn phm vi chuyn tip 20 40m.

Trn cc on nn p qua vng t yu hoc than bn v nn p cao hn 5,0m

Bng 7: ti trng tnh ton tiu chun v h s xung kch

Ti trng bnh tiu

Ti trng bnh tnh

Khong cch gia cc trc theo hng dc

Khong cch gia cc i bnh xe theo hng ngang

Kch thc vt bnh xe (bnh kp)

S bnh xe trn mi trc bnh

Bng 9 : Cc ch tiu ch yu ca xe xch T 60 :

Chiu di vt bnh xch

Chiu rng vt bnh xch

C ly gia hi trc bnh xch (theo hng ngang)

H s chit gim cng n: khi tnh ton cng kt cu o ng cng, cng

Bng 10: gi tr h s trit gim cng n

T hp ti trng tnh ton

Tnh vi ti trng thit k

Kim ton vi xe nng

Kim ton vi xe xch

Tc dng ng thi ca hot ti v ca

7. Tnh ton cng mt ng b tng xi mng di mt b tng nha.

Tnh ton chiu dy tm xi mng theo cng thc sau:

Bng 11: h s 1 (ti trng tc dng gia tm)

Bng12 : h s 2 (ti trng tc dng cnh tm)

Bng13 : h s 3 (ti trng tc dng gia tm)

Kim ton chiu dy b tng di tc dng ca xe nng c bit

Trong cc cng thc trn: