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Culture Documents
1. Kt cu mt ng......................................................................................2
2. Cu to mt ct ngang tm b tng xi mng mt ng........................3
3. Cng ca b tng.................................................................................4
4. Lin kt gia cc khe ca tm b tng......................................................4
4.1 Kch thc ca thanh truyn lc..............................................................5
4.2 Kch thc ca cc ngm trong khe kiu ngm......................................6
4.3 Khong cch gia cc khe co v dn......................................................6
4.4 Chiu rng ca khe co, dn v yu cu i vi vt liu chn khe...........7
5. Cu to v kch thc tm b tng trong cc trng hp c bit.......7
6. Ti trng tnh ton, lu lng xe chy tnh ton v h s chit gim
cng tnh ton..........................................................................................8
7. Tnh ton cng mt ng b tng xi mng di mt b tng
nha..................................................................................................................9
7.1 Tnh ton chiu dy tm xi mng theo cng thc sau:............................9
7.2 Kim ton chiu dy b tng di tc dng ca xe nng c bit..........12
8. Kim ton vi ng sut nhit...................................................................14
9. Thit k lp mng b tong xi mng ca mt ng b tong nha......17
10. Xc nh m un n hi chung trn mt lp mng ..........................18
11. Tnh chiu dy lp mng ca mt ng b tng xi mng................18
1. Cu to ca mt ng b tng lp ghp...............................................20
2. Tnh ton tm b tng lp ghp................................................................21
3. xc nh din tch ct thp cn thit phi tnh gi tr ca h s 1
hoc 1
Hmin (cm)
B tng ngho
14
t, ct hoc gia c
15 16
Ct ht trung, ht to
20
7000-10000
5000-7000
3000-5000
2000-3000
1000-2000
24
22
22
20
18
18
- dm x, si, cui
22
20
18
18
- ct, cp phi
22
20
18
>10000
lin kt v c
M un n hi E
(daN/cm2)
Cng chu ko un
Cng chu nn
50
400
35.104
45
350
33.104
40
300
31,5.104
35
250
29.104
30
200
26,5.104
25
170
23.104
Lp mt
Lp mng ca mt
ng b tng nha
Khong cch t thanh truyn lc n mp mt ng (ca khe dn, khe co) khng
c ln hn n khong cch gia hai thanh truyn lc.
Bng 4 : kch thc ca cc thanh truyn lc
Chiu dy
ng knh
tm b tng
thanh truyn lc
(cm)
(mm)
Chiu di thanh
truyn lc (cm)
Trong khe co
Nh hn
20
50
30
65 (100)*
22-30
25
50
30
65 (100)*
Ghi ch:
Cc s trong ngoc n ng vi trng hp tm b tng t trn lp mng gia c
cc cht lin k v c.
Thanh truyn lc ca khe dc thng c ng knh t 10 -1 2 mm chiu di 75cm,
t cch nhau 100cm
4.2
Chiu dy tm b tng
4.3
(cm)
18
3,5
1,5
20
1,5
22
7,5
1,5
24
1,5
26
4,5
1,5
28
9,5
9,5
4,5
1,5
30
10
10
10
1,5
Khong cch gia cc khe ngang (khe co v dn) c ly theo s liu ca bng 6
Bng 6
Loi kt cu mt ng v kiu khe
Chiu
dy
tm b tng
10 - 25
>= 25
24
48
60
20 22
36
42
42
18
25
30
40
20 24
18
24
54
72
20 22
42
54
18
25
35
45
20 24
18
(mm)
Mt ng b tng khng ct thp
trn mng ct v hn hp ct si:
Khe dn
Khe co
Khe co
4.4
nn p cao t 3 5m
6. Ti trng tnh ton, lu lng xe chy tnh ton v h s chit gim cng
tnh ton
Ti trng tnh ton tiu chun i vi kt cu o ng cng cng c quy nh
thng nht nh trong tnh ton thit k o ng mm v khi tnh ton ti trng bnh
xe c nhn thm vi h s xung kch trong bng 7
Bng 7: ti trng tnh ton tiu chun v h s xung kch
Ti trng trc tiu
chun (daN)
chun (daN)
10000
5000
1,2
6000
12000
6000
1,15
6900
9500
4750
1,20
5700
H s xung kch
ton (daN)
Sau khi tnh ton vi ti trng tiu chun, phi kim ton li vi xe nng nht c
th chy trn ng, kim ton vi xe nhiu bnh 80 tn, vi xe xch T60 (khi trn
ng c th c xe i li)
Bng 8 : Cc ch tiu k thut ch yu ca my ko nhiu bnh:
Ch tiu
n v
My ko 80
80
Chic
p lc ca mi trc bnh xe
20
1,2+4,0+1,2
Chic
3x0,9
0,5 x 0,2
Trng lng
S trc bnh xe
n v
My ko 80
60
T/m
Chic
0,7
2,6
Trng lng
p lc bnh xch
S bnh xch
(n)
H s an ton k = 1/n
0,5
0,59 0,65
1,7 1,53
0,65
1,54
0,85 0,90
1,18 1,11
Trong :
.Ptt
[ ]
H : chiu dy tm
Ptt ti trng bnh xe tnh ton ( nhn vi h s xung kch) daN/cm2
[ ] cng chu un cho php ca b tng xi mng daN/cm2
h
E
m
R
h s c tr s thay i ty theo v tr ti trng v t s E ch v
Vi:
E m un n hi ca b tng, daN/cm2
Emch m un n hi chung trn lp mng
R bn knh ca tit din vt bnh xe tnh ton
Khi tinh chiu dy cho trng hp ti trng tc dng gia tm, cnh tm v gc
tm th phn bit dng cc h s a1, a2, a3. trong ba tr s a1, a2, a3 phi chn tr s
ln nht tnh chiu dy h
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.50
E/Emch
2000
1.74
1.66
1.60
1.53
1.45
1.36
1.23
1.08
0.99
1500
1.67
1.63
1.56
1.50
1.41
1.30
1.17
1.04
0.95
1000
1.62
1.55
1.49
1.41
1.22
1.22
1.11
0.97
0.88
800
1.57
1.51
1.44
1.37
1.28
1.17
1.07
0.93
0.84
600
1.51
1.46
1.39
1.32
1.22
1.13
1.02
0.88
0.80
500
1.47
1.42
1.35
1.26
1.19
1.10
0.99
0.86
0.76
400
1.44
1.38
1.31
1.22
1.15
1.07
0.96
0.82
0.72
300
1.38
1.33
1.26
1.18
1.11
1.02
0.92
0.77
0.68
200
1.31
1.25
1.18
1.12
1.04
0.96
0.85
0.70
0.61
150
1.25
1.19
1.13
1.07
0.98
0.91
0.80
0.65
0.56
100
1.18
1.13
1.08
1.01
0.94
0.84
0.75
0.58
0.50
80
1.14
1.09
1.04
0.97
0.90
0.81
0.69
0.55
0.46
0.60
0.50
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
E/Emch
2000
2.74
2.60
2.49
2.36
2.21
2.05
1.82
1.55
1.39
1500
2.62
2.54
2.42
2.30
2.14
1.95
1.71
1.47
1.32
1000
2.51
2.41
2.39
2.14
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.36
1.19
800
2.44
2.32
2.19
2.08
1.91
1.72
1.53
1.29
1.11
10
600
2.33
2.23
2.11
1.97
1.83
1.63
1.45
1.20
1.03
500
2.26
2.15
2.03
1.90
1.79
1.58
1.39
1.14
0.98
400
2.19
2.09
1.97
1.79
1.68
1.53
1.33
1.07
0.91
300
2.10
2.01
1.87
1.73
1.61
1.45
1.25
0.99
0.82
200
1.97
1.86
1.73
1.62
1.49
1.33
1.13
0.86
0.69
150
1.86
1.75
1.63
1.53
1.39
1.24
1.04
0.77
0.61
100
1.73
1.65
1.54
1.42
1.29
1.12
0.92
0.65
0.50
80
1.65
1.57
1.47
1.34
1.22
1.05
0.84
0.58
0.45
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.5
2000
2.37
2.31
2.25
2.17
2.09
1.97
1.80
1.62
1.49
1500
2.31
2.27
2.2
2.12
2.04
1.91
1.73
1.55
1.42
1000
2.26
2.19
2.13
2.04
1.95
1.8
1.66
1.47
1.34
800
2.2
2.14
2.07
1.99
1.88
1.75
1.60
1.40
1.26
600
2.14
2.09
2.02
1.93
1.8
1.68
1.54
1.33
1.19
500
2.11
2.04
1.97
1.85
1.75
1.64
1.49
1.28
1.14
400
2.07
2.00
1.93
1.81
1.72
1.60
1.44
1.21
1.08
300
2.01
1.95
1.86
1.75
1.66
1.54
1.38
1.15
1.00
200
1.92
1.84
1.76
1.67
1.57
1.44
1.28
1.03
0.87
150
1.84
1.77
1.69
1.61
1.50
1.34
1.19
0.95
0.80
100
1.76
1.68
1.62
1.52
1.41
1.26
1.08
0.84
0.54
E/Emch
tnh chiu dy tm b tng theo cng thc trn cn phi dng phng php
th dn; u tin gi nh h, tm h/R ri tra cc h s a trong bng trn v thay vo
cng thc. Nu tr s h tm ra khng ph hp vi gi thuyt th phi gi nh chiu
dy cho n khi kt qu tnh ton v kt qu gi nh gn hoc hon ton ph hp
mi thi
Chiu dy tnh khng c nh hn chiu dy ti thiu quy nh
11
7.2
Khi kim ton tc dng ca xe nng c bit hoc ca cc trc xe nhiu bnh th
chiu dy tm b tng c tnh theo cng thc
h=
6M
[ ]
Trong
H chiu dy tm
[ ] cng chu un cho php ca b tng xi mng daN/cm2
M tng mo men un
Xc nh momen un theo cng thc sau:
Mo men un hng tm v tip tuyn do ti trng phn b u trn din tch vng
trn vt bnh tng ng R sinh ra ngay di bnh xe:
CPtt (1 + )
2 .aR
M men un hng tm v tuyn do ti trng tp trung ca bnh xe bn cnh gy
M F = MT =
ra
MF = (A+mB)Ptt
MT = (B+mA)Ptt
a=
6E chm (1 b2 )
Eh 3 (1 m2 )
Trong :
Emch M un n hi chung trn mt lp mng.
E M un n hi ca b tng, (daN/cm2)
Mm h s Poisson chung ca mng v nn t. Nu ly mb = 0,15 mm = 0,3
0,4; th c th tnh gn ng:
1 3 6E chm
h
E
Nu cn kim ton chiu dy tm di tc dng ca ti trng xe xch, xe nhiu bnh,
a=
m
ch
2000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.072
0.080
0.090
0.103
0.120
0.144
0.180
0.240
0.286
0.360
0.480
0.750
1.440
13
1500
0.079
0.088
0.990
0.114
0.133
0.159
0.198
0.265
0.346
0.397
0.530
0.795
1.590
1200
0.085
0.095
0.107
0.122
0.143
0.171
0.214
0.285
0.342
0.427
0.569
0.855
1.710
1000
0.091
0.104
0.114
0.130
0.152
0.182
0.227
0.304
0.364
0.454
0.605
0.910
1.820
800
0.980
0.108
0.122
0.140
0.163
0.195
0.244
0.326
0.390
0.487
0.650
0.975
1.950
600
0.108
0.120
0.135
0.154
0.181
0.216
0.270
0.360
0.432
0.540
0.720
1.080
2.160
500
0.114
0.127
0.142
0.163
0.191
0.228
0.286
0.381
0.456
0.570
0.760
1.140
2.280
400
0.123
0.137
0.154
0.176
0.206
0.246
0.308
0.410
0.492
0.615
0.820
1.230
2.461
300
0.135
0.151
0.189
0.194
0.226
0.271
0.338
0.452
0.542
0.677
0.902
1.355
2.710
200
0.135
0.172
0.194
0.220
0.259
0.310
0.387
0.512
0.620
0.775
1.033
1.550
3.100
150
0.171
0.190
0.214
0.244
0.285
0.342
0.426
0.570
0.684
0.860
1.137
1.710
3.420
100
0.195
0.126
0.244
0.279
0.326
0.390
0.487
0.650
0.780
0.975
1.300
1.930
3.900
80
0.210
0.233
0.262
0.300
0.351
0.420
0.525
0.700
0.840
1.050
1.398
2.100
4.200
Bng 15: Gi tr ca cc h s A, B, C
ar hay aR
ar hay aR
0.000
1.800
0.025
-0.019
0.050
0.287
0.208
0.091
2.000
0.021
-0.021
0.263
0.100
0.232
0.153
0.147
2.200
0.017
-0.019
0.200
0.178
0.099
0.220
2.400
0.014
-0.018
0.300
0.147
0.068
0.275
2.600
0.012
-0.017
0.400
0.124
0.047
0.313
2.800
0.010
-0.016
0.600
0.093
0.021
0.352
3.000
0.008
-0.014
0.800
0.075
0.004
0.387
3.200
0.007
-0.013
1.000
0.058
-0.006
0.364
3.400
0.006
-0.012
1.200
0.047
-0.013
0.353
3.600
0.005
-0.011
1.400
0.038
-0.017
3.800
0.004
-0.009
1.600
0.031
-0.019
4.000
0.003
-0.008
0.309
n = ( C y + C x ).t.
c = C x .t.
Et
2(1 2 )
Et
2(1 2 )
Et
2(1 2 )
14
l
C
l = 0.6h 3
Vi : h
E
E
E ch
(4.12)
- Chiu dy tm b tng, cm
- Mun n hi ca b tng, daN/cm
m
15
Bng 16
L
v
l
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
0,19
0,42
0,70
0,91
1,01
1,07
1,08
B
l
Cx,y
Tnh ton ct thp tng cng cnh tm: khi dung tm b tong tit din khng
i chiu dy hi (ng vi d1 bng 4.1 ) c ct thp tng cng cnh tm, tit din
ct thp c tnh theo phng php gn ng ( xem hnh 4.4)
16
cnh tm gim dn n
Nu xem
Th
(
= 1,5
(4.13)
(4.14)
= 6,25 1 h
[ 2 ]
(4.15)
17
u tin theo cng thc (4.1) xc nh chiu dy ca tm b tng xi mng htd sau
quyt nh chiu dy lp b tng nha theo cu to, ri tnh chiu dy lp mng
b tng xi mng theo cng thc:
Hbx= htd - hbtn 3
Ebtn
(4.16)
Ebx
Trong :
hbx v hbtn - Chiu dy ca lp mng b tng nha, (cm)
Ebx v Ebtn - M un n hi ca b tng xi mng v b tng nha, (daN/cm).
10. Xc nh m un n hi chung trn mt lp mng
E m ch
E m ch cc tr s m un n hi ca vt liu mng v ca nn t
am
ab
kC
Trong :
am
ab
trn) gy ra;
18
kiu ngm
0,65
0,75
0,55
0,65
Bng 18: Gi tr ca h s k
Di 1000
10
3000
0,85
Trn 3000
0,75
am
ab
19
S=
3(1 b2 ) E chm r 3
(1 m2 ) E b h 3
(5.1)
Trong :
21
m
Ech
- M un n hi chung trn mt lp mng (daN/cm), xc nh nh
hng dn iu 4.5.
m - H s Poisson tng ng trn mt lp mng ( m = 0,30)
E b , b - M un n hi (daN/cm) v h s poisson ca b tong, ( Eb xem
(5.3)
Trong :
P - p lc ca bnh xe tnh ton, daN/cm.
r - Vi tm vung bng 1/2 chiu di cnh, vi tm 6 cnh bng chiu di
cnh.
22
Tr s trong cng thc (5.3) xem bng 5.2 ph thuc vo tr s D/2r, vi Dng knh vt xe tng ng.
Tr s trong cng thc (5.3)
D/2r
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
0,06
0,08
0,09
0,10
0,10
0,09
0,07
0,5
10
0,264
0,247
0,220
0,197
-0,161
0,126
P
L1
(5.5)
Vi
L1 = r 3
1
2S
6
[]
(5.6)
Trong :
23
(5.7)
Vi:
Mtt Tnh theo cng thc (5.2) hoc (5.3) ng vi trng hp tm hu hn
hoc tm tuyt i cng;
MQ Tnh theo cng thc (5.4)
Chiu dy ca tm b tong lp ghp c chn trc kh nng vn chuyn v lp
ghp tm ri sau tnh ton lng ct thp yu cu.
3. xc nh din tch ct thp cn thit phi tnh gi tr ca h s 1 hoc
1 theo cng thc:
1 =
[ b ]bh 02
[ a ]bh 02
Hoc
1 =
Trong :
M - M men un tng cng, tnh theo cng thc (5.7);
H0 - Chiu cao c ch ca tit din tm.
b - Chiu rng ca tit din tnh ton.
[ b] - ng sut chu nn un cho php ca b tong (daN/cm2), ly theo bng 5.5
Bng 5.5
Mac b tong (daN/cm2)
200
250
300
400
ng sut nn un cho
90
110
130
175
1350 daN/cm2
24
1600 daN/cm2
25