Cuc Tri Ham So Truyenky - VN

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt 063.28.78.79 hoc 0989.80.78.79 http://www.maths.
vn
-41-
CC TR CA HM S

TM TT L THUYT
1. Khi nim cc tr hm s :
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn tp hp
( )
D D v
0
x D
0
) a x c gi l mt im cc i ca hm s f nu tn ti mt khong
( )
; a b cha im
0
x sao cho
( )
; a b D v
( ) ( )
0
f x f x < vi mi
( ) { }
0
; \ x a b x . Khi
( )
0
f x c gi l gi tr cc i ca
hm s f .
0
) b x c gi l mt im cc tiu ca hm s f nu tn ti mt khong
( )
; a b cha im
0
x sao cho
( )
; a b D v
( ) ( )
0
f x f x > vi mi
( ) { }
0
; \ x a b x . Khi
( )
0
f x c gi l gi tr cc tiu ca
hm s f .
Gi tr cc i v gi tr cc tiu c gi chung l cc tr
Nu
0
x l mt im cc tr ca hm s f th ngi ta ni rng hm s f t cc tr ti im
0
x .
Nh vy : im cc tr phi l mt im trong ca tp hp
( )
D D
2. iu kin cn hm s t cc tr:
nh l 1: Gi s hm s f t cc tr ti im
0
x . Khi , nu f c o hm ti im
0
x th
( )
0
' 0 f x =
Ch :
o hm ' f c th bng 0 ti im
0
x nhng hm s f khng t cc tr ti im
0
x .
Hm s c th t cc tr ti mt im m ti hm s khng c o hm .
Hm s ch c th t cc tr ti mt im m ti o hm ca hm s bng 0 , hoc ti hm
s khng c o hm .
3. iu kin hm s t cc tr:
nh l 2: Gi s hm s f lin tc trn khong
( )
; a b cha im
0
x v c o hm trn cc khong
( )
0
; a x v
( )
0
; x b . Khi :
) a Nu
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0
0 0
' 0, ;
' 0, ;
f x x a x
f x x x b
<
>
th hm s t cc tiu ti im
0
x . Ni mt cch khc , nu
( )
' f x i
du t m sang dng khi x qua im
0
x th hm s t cc tiu ti im
0
x .
x a
0
x b
( )
' f x +
( )
f x
( )
f a
( )
f b

( )
0
f x

) b Nu
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0
0 0
' 0, ;
' 0, ;
f x x a x
f x x x b
>
<
th hm s t cc i ti im
0
x . Ni mt cch khc , nu
( )
' f x i
du t dng sang m khi x qua im
0
x th hm s t cc i ti im
0
x .

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt 063.28.78.79 hoc 0989.80.78.79 http://www.maths.vn
-42-
x a
0
x b
( )
' f x +
( )
f x
( )
0
f x

( )
f a
( )
f b
nh l 3: Gi s hm s f c o hm cp mt trn khong
( )
; a b cha im
0
x ,
( )
0
' 0 f x = v f c o
hm cp hai khc 0 ti im
0
x .
) a Nu
( )
0
'' 0 f x < th hm s f t cc i ti im
0
x .
) b Nu
( )
0
'' 0 f x > th hm s f t cc tiu ti im
0
x .
4. Quy tc tm cc tr:
Quy tc 1: p dng nh l 2
Tm
( )
' f x
Tm cc im
( )
1, 2, 3...
i
x i = ti o hm bng 0 hoc hm s lin tc nhng khng c o hm.
Xt du ca
( )
' f x . Nu
( )
' f x i du khi x qua im
0
x th hm s c cc tr ti im
0
x .
Quy tc 2: p dng nh l 3
Tm
( )
' f x
Tm cc nghim
( )
1, 2, 3...
i
x i = ca phng trnh
( )
' 0 f x = .
Vi mi
i
x tnh
( )
'' .
i
f x
Nu
( )
'' 0
i
f x < th hm s t cc i ti im
i
x .
Nu
( )
'' 0
i
f x > th hm s t cc tiu ti im
i
x .
V d 1 : Tm cc tr ca cc hm s :
( )
3 2
1 5
) 3
3 3
a f x x x x = +
( ) ( )
) 2 b f x x x = +
( ) ( )
) 3 c f x x x =
( )
) d f x x =

Gii :
( )
3 2
1 5
) 3
3 3
a f x x x x = +
Hm s cho xc nh trn .
Ta c
( ) ( )
2
' 2 3 ' 0 1, 3 f x x x f x x x = = = =
Cch 1. Bng bin thin
x 1 3 +
( )
' f x + 0 0 +
( )
f x
10
3
+

22
3

-43-
Vy hm s t cc i ti im
( )
10
1, 1
3
x f = = , hm s t cc tiu ti im
( )
22
3, 3
3
x f = =
Cch 2 :
( )
'' 2 2 f x x =
V
( )
'' 1 4 0 f = < nn hm s t cc i ti im
( )
10
1, 1
3
x f = = .
V
( )
'' 3 4 0 f = > hm s t cc tiu ti im
( )
22
3, 3
3
x f = = .
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 0
) 2
2 0
x x khi x
b f x x x
x x khi x
= + =

+ <

Hm s cho xc nh v lin tc trn .
Ta c
( ) ( )
2 2 0 0
' ' 0 1
2 2 0
x khi x
f x f x x
x khi x
+ > >
= = =
<

Hm s lin tc ti 0 x = , khng c o hm ti 0 x = .
Bng bin thin
x 1 0 +
( )
' f x + 0 +
( )
f x 1 +

0
Vy hm s t cc i ti im
( )
1, 1 1 x f = = , hm s t cc tiu ti im
( )
0, 0 0 x f = =
( ) ( )
) 3 c f x x x =
( )
( )
( )
3 0
3 0
x x khi x
f x
x x khi x
=

<

.
Ta c
( )
( )
( )
3 1
0
2
' ' 0 1
3
0 0
2
x
khi x
x
f x f x x
x
x khi x
x
>
= = =
> <

+

x 0 1 +
( )
' f x + 0 +
( )
f x 0 +

2

Hm s t im cc i ti im
( )
0, 0 0 x f = = , hm s t im cc tiu ti im
( )
1, 1 2 x f = =
( )
) d f x x =
-44-
( )
0
0
x khi x
f x
x khi x

=

<

.
Ta c
( )
1 0
'
1 0
khi x
f x
khi x
>
=

<

Bng bin thin
x 0 +
( )
' f x +
( )
f x + +

0
Hm s t im cc i ti im
( )
0, 0 0 x f = =
V d 2 : Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau :

( )
2
) 4 a f x x x =
( )
) 3 2cos cos 2 b f x x x =
( )
) 2sin2 3 c f x x =
( )
) sin2 2 d f x x x = +

Gii :
( )
2
) 4 a f x x x =
Hm s cho xc nh trn on 2; 2 (

Ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
4 2
) ' , 2; 2 ' 0 2, 2
4
x
a f x x f x x x
x
= = = =

( )
' f x i du t m sang dng khi x qua im 2 th hm s t cc tiu ti im 2, x =
( )
2 2 f =
( )
' f x i du t dng sang m khi x qua im 2 th hm s t cc i ti im 2, x =
( )
2 2 f =
Hoc dng bng bin thin hm s kt lun:
x 2 2 2 2
( )
' f x 0 + 0
( )
f x 0 2

2 0

( )
) 3 2cos cos 2 b f x x x =
-45-
Ta c
( ) ( )
' 2sin 2s in2 2sin 1 2cos f x x x x x = + = +
( )
sin 0
' 0 ,
1 2 2
cos cos 2
2 3 3
x x k
f x k
x x k

= =

=

= = = +

.
( )
'' 2cos 4 cos 2 f x x x = +
2 2
'' 2 6cos 3 0
3 3
f k

| |
+ = = <
|
\
. Hm s t cc i ti
2
2
3
x k
= + ,
2 1
2 4
3 2
f k

| |
+ =
|
\

( )
'' 2cos 4 0, f k k k = + > . Hm s t cc tiu ti
( ) ( )
, 2 1 cos x k f k k = =
( )
) 2sin2 3 c f x x =
Ta c
( ) ( )
' 4 cos 2 , ' 0 cos 2 0 ,
4 2
f x x f x x x k k

= = = = +
( )
8 2
'' 8 sin2 , '' 8 sin
8 2 1
4 2 2
khi k n
f x x f k k
khi k n

=
| | | |

= + = + =
| |
= +
\ \

Vy hm s t cc i ti cc im ; 1
4 4
x n f n

| |
= + + =
|
\
v t cc i ti
( ) ( )
2 1 ; 2 1 5
4 2 4 2
x n f n
| |
= + + + + =
|
\

( )
) sin2 2 d f x x x = +
Tng t trn hm s t cc i ti cc im ,
6
x k k
= + v t cc tiu ti cc im
,
6
x k k
= + .
V d 3 :
1. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m , hm s
( )
( )
3 3
1 1
,
x m m x m
y f x m
x m
+ + +
= =
lun
c cc i v cc tiu .
2 . Vi gi tr no ca m ,hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
, 2 3 y f x m m x x mx m = = + + + + c cc i , cc tiu .
3 . Vi gi tr no ca m ,hm s
( )
2
,
mx x m
y f x m
x m
+ +
= =
+
khng c cc i , cc tiu .
4 . Xc nh cc gi tr ca tham s k th ca hm s
( ) ( )
4 2
, 1 1 2 y f x k kx k x k = = + + ch
c mt im cc tr.
5 . Xc nh m th ca hm s
( )
4 2
1 3
,
2 2
y f x m y x mx = = = + c cc tiu m khng c cc
i.

Gii :
-46-
Hm s cho xc nh trn
{ }
\ D m = .
Ta c
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 1
' , , 2 1
g x
x mx m
y x m g x x mx m
x m x m
+
= = = +

Du ca
( )
g x cng l du ca ' y v
( )
2 2
' 1 1 0 ,
g
m m m = = > . Do m th
( )
0 g x =
lun c 2 nghim phn bit
1 2
1, 1 x m x m = = + thuc tp xc nh .
x 1 m m 1 m + +
( )
' f x + 0 0 +
( )
f x + +

' y i du t dng sang m khi x qua im
1
1 x m = th hm s t cc i ti im
1
1 x m =
' y i du t m sang dng khi x qua im
2
1 x m = + th hm s t cc tiu ti im
2
1 x m = +
2 . Hm s cho xc nh trn .
Ta c
( )
2
' 3 2 6 y m x x m = + + +
Hm s c cc i v cc tiu khi phng trnh ' 0 y = c hai nghim phn bit hay
( ) ( )
2
2 2 0 2
3 1 ' 9 3 2 0 3 2 3 0
m m m
m m m m m
+

< < = + > + >

Vy gi tr m cn tm l 3 1, 2 m m < < .
3 . Hm s cho xc nh trn
{ }
\ D m = v c o hm
( )
2 2
2
2
'
mx m x
y
x m
+
=
+

Hm s khng c cc i , cc tiu khi ' 0 y = khng i du qua nghim , khi phng trnh
( ) ( )
2 2
2 0, g x mx m x x m = + = v nghim hoc c nghim kp
Xt 0 ' 0, 0 m y x m m = = = tho .
Xt 0 m . Khi
4
' m =
V
( )
4
' 0, 0 0 m m g x = > = c hai nghim phn bit nn khng c gi tr tham s m
( ) ( )
2 2
2 0, g x mx m x x m = + = v nghim hoc c nghim kp
Vy 0 m = tho mn yu cu bi ton .
Ta c
( )
3
' 4 2 1 y kx k x =
( )
2
0
' 0
2 1 0 *
x
y
kx k
=
=
+ =

-47-
Hm s ch c mt cc tr khi phng trnh ' 0 y = c mt nghim duy nht v ' y i du khi x i qua
nghim .Khi phng trnh
( )
2
2 1 0 * kx k + = v nghim hay c nghim kp 0 x =
( )
0
0 0
0
0 1 1
' 2 1 0
k
k k
k
k k k
k k
=
=

<

=

Vy 0 1 k k l gi tr cn tm .
Ta c
( )
3
2
0
' 2 2 ' 0
*
x
y x mx y
x m
=
= =
=

Hm s c cc tiu m khng c cc i khi phng trnh ' 0 y = c mt nghim duy nht v ' y i
du khi x i qua nghim Khi phng trnh
( )
2
* x m = v nghim hay c nghim kp 0 x =
0 m
Vy 0 m l gi tr cn tm.

V d 4 :
1. Xc nh gi tr tham s m hm s
( )
2
1 x mx
y f x
x m
+ +
= =
+
t cc i ti 2. x =
( ) ( )
3 2
3 1 y f x x m x m = = + + + t cc i ti
1. x =
( ) ( )
3 2
6 3 2 6 y f x x x m x m = = + + t cc i v
cc tiu ng thi hai gi tr cc tr cng du.
( )
2
2
1
x mx
y f x
x
+ +
= =
c im cc tiu nm trn Parabol

( )
2
: 4 P y x x = +

Gii :
1. Hm s cho xc nh trn
{ }
\ D m = v c o hm
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 1
' ,
x mx m
f x x m
x m
+ +
=
+

Nu hm s t cc i ti 2 x = th
( )
2
3
' 2 0 4 3 0
1
m
f m m
m
=
= + + =

=

3 m = , ta c
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
6 8
' , 3 ' 0
4
3
x
x x
f x x f x
x
x
=
+
= =

=

Bng bin thin :
x 2 3 4 +
( )
' f x + 0 0 +
( )
f x 1 + +

-48-
5

Da vo bng bin thin ta thy hm s t cc i ti 2 x = , do 3 m = tho mn .
Tng t vi 1 m =
Cch 2 :
Hm s cho xc nh trn
{ }
\ D m = v c o hm
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 1
' ,
x mx m
f x x m
x m
+ +
=
+

( )
3
2
'' , y x m
x m
=
+

Hm s t cc i ti 2 x = khi
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3
1
1 0
4 3 0
' 2 0 1 3 2
2 3
2 2
'' 2 0
0
2
2
m m
y m m m
m m
m
y
m
m
=

+ + =
= = = +

=

<
<

<
<

+

Vy 3 m = l gi tr cn tm.

2. Hm s cho xc nh trn .
Ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
' 3 2 3 3 2 6 ' 0
2 6
3
x
f x x m x x x m f x
m
x
=
= + + = + + =
+

x
2 6
3
m +
0 +
( )
' f x + 0 0 +
( )
f x

Hm s t cc i ti
2 6 3
1 1 .
3 2
m
x m
+
= = =
Ta c :
( )
2
' 3 12 3 2 y x x m = + + .
Hm s c cc i , cc tiu khi ' 0 y = c hai nghim phn bit
( )
' 36 9 2 0 m = + >
2 0 2 m m > <
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 . 3 12 3 2 2 2 2 2 . ' 2 2 2
3 3
y x x x m m x m x y m x m
(
= + + + + = + +

Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th hm s th
1 2
, x x l nghim ca phng trnh
( ) ( )
2
3 12 3 2 0 g x x x m = + + = .
Trong :
-49-
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 1 1 1
1 1
1
1
2 . ' 2 2 2
2 2 2
3
' 0
y x y x m x m
y m x m
y x
= + +
= +

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 1 2 2
2 2
2
1
2 . ' 2 2 2
2 2 2
3
' 0
y x y x m x m
y m x m
y x
= + +
= +

Theo nh l Vi-t , ta c :
1 2 1 2
4, 2 x x x x m + = = +
Theo bi ton :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
. 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 1 2 1 0 y y m x m m x m m x x
( (
> + + > + + >

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 4 2 1 0 2 4 2 1 0 2 4 17 0 m x x x x m x x x x m m
( (
+ + + > + + + > + >

17
4
2
m
m
>

So vi iu kin bi ton , vy
17
2
4
m < < l gi tr cn tm .
{ }
\ 1 D =
Ta c
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
' , 1 2 2
1
x x m
y x g x x x m
x

= =

Hm s c cc i , cc tiu khi phng trnh
( )
0, 1 g x x = c hai nghim phn bit khc 1
( )
( )
' 1 2 0 3 0
3
3
1 3 0
m m
m
m
g m
= > + >

>

=

Khi
1 1
2 2
3
1 3 1 3 1 2 2 3
3
' 0
3
1 3 1 3 1 2 2 3
3
m
x m y m m m m
m
y
m
x m y m m m m
m
+
= + = + + + + = + +
=
+
= + + = + + + + + = + + +

Bng bin thin :
x
1
x 1
2
x +
( )
' f x + 0 0 +
( )
f x
1
y + +

2
y

Da vo bng bin thin suy ra
( )
1 3; 2 2 3 A m m m + + + + + l im cc tiu ca hm s .
( )
( )
2
2 2 3 1 3 1 3 4 3 1 A P m m m m m + + + = + + + + + + =
-50-
( )
( )
2
2 2 3 1 3 1 3 4 3 1 2 A P m m m m m m + + + = + + + + + + = =
So vi iu kin bi ton ,vy 2 m = l gi tr cn tm.

V d 5 :

1. Tm cc h s , , , a b c d sao cho hm s
( )
3 2
f x ax bx cx d = + + + t cc tiu ti im 0, x =
( )
0 0 f = v t cc i ti im
( )
1, 1 1 x f = =
2. Tm cc h s , , a b c sao cho hm s
( )
3 2
f x x ax bx c = + + + t cc tr bng 0 ti im
2 x = v th ca hm s i qua im
( )
1; 0 A .
3. Tm cc h s , a b sao cho hm s
( )
2
ax bx ab
f x
ax b
+ +
=
+
t cc tr ti im 0 x = v 4 x = .

Gii :
1. Tm cc h s , , , a b c d sao cho hm s
( )
3 2
f x ax bx cx d = + + + t cc tiu ti im
( )
0, 0 0 x f = = v t cc i ti im
( )
1, 1 1 x f = =
Ta c
( ) ( )
2
' 3 2 , '' 6 2 f x ax bx c f x ax b = + + = +
Hm s
( )
f x t cc tiu ti 0 x = khi v ch khi
( )
( )
( )
' 0 0 0 0
1
2 0 0
'' 0 0
f c c
b b
f
= = =

> >
>

Hm s
( )
f x t cc i ti 1 x = khi v ch khi
( )
( )
( )
' 1 0 3 2 0
2
6 2 0
'' 1 0
f a b c
a b
f
= + + =

+ <
<

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 , 1 1 1 1 0 3 f d f a b c d hay a b c do d = = = + + + = + + = =
T
( ) ( ) ( )
1 , 2 , 3 suy ra 2, 3, 0, 0 a b c d = = = =
Ta kim tra li
( )
3 2
2 3 f x x x = +
Ta c
( ) ( )
2
' 6 6 , '' 12 6 f x x x f x x = + = +
( )
'' 0 6 0 f = > . Hm s t cc tiu ti 0 x =
( )
'' 1 6 0 f = < . Hm s t cc i ti 1 x =
Vy : 2, 3, 0, 0 a b c d = = = =
2. Tm cc h s , , a b c sao cho hm s
( )
3 2
f x x ax bx c = + + + t cc tr bng 0 ti im 2 x =
v th ca hm s i qua im
( )
1; 0 A .
Ta c
( )
2
' 3 2 f x x ax b = + +
-51-
Hm s t cc tr bng 0 ti im 2 x = khi v ch khi
( )
( )
( )
' 2 0 4 12
1
4 2 8
2 0
f a b
a b c
f
= =

+ =
=

th ca hm s i qua im
( )
1; 0 A khi v ch khi
( ) ( )
1 0 1 0 2 f a b c = + + + =
T
( ) ( )
1 , 2 suy ra 3, 0, 4 a b c = = = .
3. Hm s cho xc nh khi 0 ax b + v c o hm
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
'
a x abx b a b
y
ax b
+ +
=
+

iu kin cn :
Hm s t cc tr ti im 0 x = v 4 x = khi v ch khi
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
0
0 0
' 0 0 0 2
8 2 0
16 8
4 16 8 0 ' 4 0
0
4 0
4
4 0
b a b
b a b
b a
y b a
b
a a
a ab b a b
b a ab b a b y
a a
a b
a b

= > =
= =

+ =

+ +
= + + = =
=
+
+
+

iu kin :
( )
2
2
2 0
4
' ' 0
4 4
2
a x
x x
y y
b x
x
= =

= =

= =

+

Bng bin thin

x 0 2 4 +
( )
' f x + 0 0 +
( )
f x C + +

CT

T bng bin thin :hm s t cc tr ti im 0 x = v 4 x = . Vy 2, 4 a b = = l gi tr cn tm.

V d 6:

1. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 y f x x x C = = + . Hy xc nh tt c cc gi tr ca a im cc i
v im cc tiu ca th
( )
C v hai pha khc nhau ca ng trn (pha trong v pha ngoi):
( )
2 2 2
: 2 4 5 1 0
a
C x y ax ay a + + =
2. Cho hm s
( )
2 2 2
2 5 3 x m x m m
y f x
x
+ + +
= = . Tm 0 m > hm s t cc tiu ti
( )
0; 2 x m
3.
3 2 2
( ) 3 . y f x x x m x m = = + + c cc i , cc tiu v hai im i xng nhau qua
-52-
ng thng
1 5
2 2
y x =
4. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s
( )
2 2
1 4 2
( ) .
1
x m x m m
y f x
x
+ +
=
c cc
tr ng thi tch cc gi tr cc i v cc tiu t gi tr nh nht.
5. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s
( )
2
2 3 2
( )
1
x m x m
y f x
x
+ + + +
= =
+
c gi tr
cc tr , ng thi
2 2
1
2
CT
y y + >
C
.

Gii :
1. Hm s cho xc nh trn v c o hm
2
0 2
' 3 6 ' 0
2 2
x y
y x x y
x y
= =
= =

= =

th hm s c hai im cc tr
( ) ( )
0; 2 , 2; 2 A B . Hai im
( ) ( )
0; 2 , 2; 2 A B v hai pha ca hai
ng trn
( )
a
C khi
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
/ /
3
. 0 5 8 3 5 4 7 0 5 8 3 0 1
5
a a
A C B C
P P a a a a a a a < + + + < + < < <
Cch 2 :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
: 2 4 5 1 0 : 2 1
a a
C x y ax ay a C x a y a + + = + =
( )
a
C c tm
( )
;2 I a a v bn knh 1 R =
Ta c :
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
2 36 6
2 2 2 5 4 8 5 1
5 5
5
IB a a a a a R
| |
= + + = + + = + + > =
|
\
im B
nm ngoi
( )
a
C , do im Anm trong ng trn
( ) ( )
2
2 2
3
1 2 2 1 5 8 3 0 1
5
a
C IA a a a a a < + < + < < <
{ }
\ 0 D = v c o hm
( )
2 2
2 2
2 5 3
' , 0
g x
x m m
y x
x x
+
= = Vi
( )
2 2
2 5 3 g x x m m = + Hm s t cc tiu ti
( ) ( )
0; 2 0 x m g x = c hai nghim phn bit
( )
1 2 1 2
, x x x x < tho
( )
( )
2
1 2
2
0
1
0 0
1
1
2
0 2 1. 0 0 2 5 3 0
3
3
2 5 3 0 1. 2 0 2
2
3
1
2
m
m m
m
m
x x m g m m
m
m
m m g m
m
m
>

> >
<
< <

< < < < + <

>

>
+ > >

<
>

-53-
Vy gi tr m cn tm l
1 3
1
2 2
m m < < > .
2 2
' 3 6 y x x m = + .
Hm s c cc i , cc tiu khi phng trnh ' 0 y = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x
2
' 9 3 0 m = > 3 3 m < < .Vi-t, ta c
2
1 2 1 2
2 , .
3
m
x x x x + = = .
Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc im cc tr ca th hm s v I l trung im ca on AB .
ng thng AB c h s gc
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 2
2
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 2 1
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 1 2 1
3
3
AB
x x x x m x x
y y
k x x x x x x m
x x x x
+
= = = + + +

2 2
2
2 6
4 6
3 3
AB
m m
k m

= + =
ng thng
( )
1 5
2 2
y x = c h s gc
1
2
k =
Hai im
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y i xng nhau qua ng thng
( )
khi v ch khi
AB
I

2
1 2 6
. 1 . 1 0
2 3
AB
m
AB k k m
| |
= = =
|
\

( )
( )
( )
1 1 2
2 2
0 0 0; 0
0 ' 3 6 ' 0 1; 2
2 4 2; 4
x y A
m y x x y I
x y B
= =
= = =
= =

D thy
( )
1; 2 I
Vy 0 m = tho mn yu cu bi ton .
{ }
\ 1 D = .
Ta c
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 3 3
' , 1 2 3 3
1 1
g x
x x m m
y x g x x x m m
x x
+ +
= = = + +

( )
0, 1 g x x = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x khc 1.
( )
2
2
' 0 3 2 0
1 2
1 0 3 2 0
m m
m
g m m
> + >

< <

+

Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
1 2
, x x l nghim ca phng trnh
( )
0, 1 g x x = .
Khi
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
1 3 2 1 2 3 2
' 0
1 3 2 1 2 3 2
x m m y m m m
y
x m m y m m m
= + = + +
= + + = +

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 2
. 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 3 2 y y m m m m m m m m m = + + + = +
-54-
2
2
1 2 1 2
7 4 4 4 7
. 5 14 9 5 min .
5 5 5 5 5
y y m m m y y khi m
| |
= + = = =
|
\

So vi iu kin , vy
7
5
m = l gi tr cn tm .
{ }
\ 1 D = .
Ta c :
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
' , 1 2 2
1 1
g x
x x m
y x g x x x m
x x
+
= = = +
+ +

( )
0, 1 g x x = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x khc
( )
' 0 2 1 0
1
1
2 1 0 1 0 2
m
m
m g
> + >

>

Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
; 2 2 , ; 2 2 A x y x m B x y x m = + + = + + l cc im cc tr ca th hm s th
1 2
, x x l
nghim ca phng trnh
( )
0, 1 g x x =
Theo nh l Vi- t
1 2 1 2
2, . 2 x x x x m + = =
Theo bi ton :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2
CT
y y y y x m x m x x m x x m + = + = + + + + + = + + + + + +
C

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 8 2 2 2 y y x x x x m x x m m m m
(
+ = + + + + + + = + + + +
(

2 2 2
1 2
2 16 8 y y m m + = + +
Xt
( ) ( )
2
1 1
2 16 8, ' 4 16 0,
2 2
f m m m m f m m m = + + > = + > >
Do hm s
( )
f m ng bin trn khong
1
;
2
m
| |
+
|
\
v
( )
1 1 1
, ;
2 2 2
f m f m
| | | |
> = +
| |
\ \

Vy
2 2
1 1
, ;
2 2
CT
y y m
| |
+ > +
|
\
C

V d 7:
1. Vi gi tr no ca m th th ca hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
1 1
1 3 2
3 3
y mx m x m x = + + c cc i ,
cc tiu ng thi honh cc i cc tiu
1 2
, x x tha
1 2
2 1 x x + =
2. Vi gi tr no ca m th th ca hm s
( )
2 2 3
1 4 mx m x m m
y
x m
+ + + +
=
+
tng ng c mt
im cc tr thuc gc phn t th
( )
II v mt im cc tr thuc gc phn t th
( )
IV ca mt
phng ta .

Gii :
-55-
Ta c
( ) ( )
2
' 2 1 3 2 y mx m x m = +
Hm s c cc i , cc tiu khi ' y i du hai ln qua nghim x , tc l phng trnh
( ) ( )
2
2 1 3 2 0 mx m x m + = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x
( ) ( )
2
2
0
0
0
2 6 2 6
2 4 1 0
' 1 3 2 0
2 2
m
m
m
m m
m m m
m

+
+ + >
= >
< <

Theo nh l Vi t v yu cu bi ton, ta c:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 2 1
2
1 2 2
1 2
3 4
2 1
2
2 1
2
3 8 4 0 0
3
2
3 2 3 2
3 4 2
.
m
x x gt x
m
m
m m
x x x m m m
m m
m
m m
m m
x x
m m m m
+ = =

=

+ = = + =

=

| | | |
= =
| |
\ \

So vi iu kin bi ton , vy
2
2
3
m m = = l gi tr cn tm .
{ }
\ D m = v
( )
3
4
1 0
m
y mx m
x m
= + +
+

Ta c :
( )
2 2 3
2
2 3
' ,
mx m x m
y x m
x m
+
=
+

Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
( )
1 2 1 2
, x x x x < l nghim ca phng
trnh
( )
2 2 3
2 3 0, g x mx m x m x m = + =
th ca hm s c mt im cc tr thuc gc phn t th
( )
II v mt im cc tr thuc gc phn t
th
( )
IV ca mt phng ta khi
( )
( )
( )
1 2
2 1
0 1
0 2
x x
A
y y
B
< <

< <

thuoc goc pha n t th (II)
thuo c goc pha n t th (IV)
He so goc cua tie m ca n xie n nho hn 0 3

( ) ( ) ( )
4
1 . 0 0 3 0 0 m g m m a < <
( )
2 th ca hm s khng ct trc
( ) ( )
2 2 3
1 4 0 Ox mx m x m m x m + + + + = v
nghim
( ) ( )
( ) 2
4 2
2 2 3
1
0
0
0
5
1
1 15 2 1 0
1 4 4 0
5
5
m
m
m
m
b
m m
m m m m m
m
<

+ < > = + + <

>

( ) ( )
3 0 m c <
-56-
T
( ) ( ) ( )
a b c suy ra
1
5
m < l gi tr cn tm.
V d 8:
Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 2 1 f x x m x m x = + + , c th l
( )
,
m
C m l tham s.
1. Chng minh rng hm s lun c mt cc i , mt cc tiu .
2. Khi 1 m = , th hm s l
( )
C
). a Vit phng trnh ng thng
( )
d vung gc vi ng thng
3
x
y = v tip xc vi th
( )
C .
). b Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca
( )
C .

Gii :
1. Ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
2
' 3 2 1 2 . f x x m x m = + +
V
2
' 7 0, m m m = + + > nn phng trnh
( )
' 0 f x = lun c hai nghim phn bit . Do
th ca hm s lun c mt cc i , mt cc tiu vi mi gi tr ca tham s m .
2.
( ) ( )
3
1 : 3 1 m C f x x x = =
). a Gi
( )
0 0
; M x y l to tip im ca ng thng
( )
d v th
( )
C
3 2
0 0 0 0 0
3 1, ' 3 3 y x x y x = = . ng thng
( )
d vung gc vi ng thng
3
x
y = khi
2 2
0 0 0 0 0
1
' 1 3 3 3 0 0, 1
3
y x x x y
| |
= = = = =
|
\

Vy ng thng
( )
: 3 1 d y x = v tip xc vi th
( )
C ti im
( )
0; 1 .
). b th
( )
C c im cc i l
( )
1;1 A , im cc tiu l
( )
1; 3 B . Do ng thng qua AB l :
2 1 y x = .
V d 9:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2
2 1 3 2 4 f x x m x m m x = + + + + c hai
im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha trc tung .
( )
( )
2
1 3 2
1
x m x m
f x
x
+ + +
=
c hai im cc i v
cc tiu cng du .
3. Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
3 1 3 7 1 1 y f x x m x m m x m = = + + + + .nh m hm s t
cc tiu ti mt im c honh nh hn 1.
4. Tm gi tr ca m th hm s
( )
2
2 2
1
x mx
f x
x
+ +
=
+
c im cc i, im cc tiu v
khong cch t hai im n ng thng : 2 0 x y + + = bng nhau.
Gii :
( ) ( )
2 2
' 3 2 2 1 3 2 f x x m x m m = + + +
-57-
Hm s c hai im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha trc tung khi v ch khi phng trnh
( )
' 0 f x = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tho mn
( )
1 2
0 3. ' 0 0 x x f < < <
2
3 2 0 1 2 m m m + < < <
Vy gi tr cn tm l 1 2 m < < .
{ }
\ 1 D = v c o hm
( )
( )
2
2
2 2 1
' , 1
1
x x m
f x x
x

=

Hm s c cc i v cc tiu khi
( )
' 0 f x = c hai nghim phn bit 1 x hay phng trnh
( )
2
2 2 1 0 g x x x m = = c hai nghim phn bit 1 x , khi
( )
( )
' 0 2 2 0
1 1
2 2 0 1 0
m
m
m g
> + >

>

Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
1 2
, x x l nghim ca
( )
0 g x =
Khi :
1 1
2 2
2 2
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
2 2
' 0
2 2
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
2 2
m
x m y m m m m
m
y
m
x m y m m m m
m
+
= + = + + = +
=
+
= + + = + + + = + +
+

Hai gi tr cc tr cng du khi
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2
. 0 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 4 2 2 0 y y m m m m m m > + + + > + >
( )
2
10 7 0 5 4 2 5 4 2 2 m m m m > < > +
T
( )
1 v
( )
2 suy ra 1 5 4 2 5 4 2 m m < < > +
Cch khc : Hm s cho xc nh trn
{ }
\ 1 D = v c o hm
( )
( )
2
2
2 2 1
' , 1
1
x x m
f x x
x

=

Hm s c cc i v cc tiu khi
( )
' 0 f x = c hai nghim phn bit 1 x hay phng trnh
( )
2
2 2 1 0 g x x x m = = c hai nghim phn bit
( )
' 0 2 2 0
1
2 2 0 1 0
m
m
m g
> + >

>

Hai gi tr cc tr cng du khi th ca hm s 0 y = ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit 1 x hay
phng trnh
( ) ( )
2
1 3 2 0 1 x m x m x + + + = c hai nghim phn bit 1 x . Tc l
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
5 4 2
10 7 0
1 4 3 2 0
5 4 2
2 2 0
1 1 3 2 0
1
m
m m
m m
m
m
m m
m
<

>
= + + >

> +
+
+ + +

So vi iu kin , gi tr 1 5 4 2 5 4 2 m m < < > + l gi tr cn tm .
-58-
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
' 3 6 1 3 7 1 f x x m x m m = + + + .Hm s
t cc tiu ti mt im c honh nh hn 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
' 3 6 1 3 7 1 0 f x x m x m m = + + + =
c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tho mn iu kin :
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 2
2
1 2
1 3. ' 1 0
3 3 4 0
9 1 3 3 7 1 0 1 1 ' 0
1 2 2 3. ' 1 0 3 3 4 0
1 1
1
2
f
m m
m m m x x
x x f m m
S m
<

+ <
+ + > < < >
< +

+ <
<

2
4
4
1
1
3
4
3
1
4
3 12 0 3
1
4
4
3 4 0 1
3
3
0
0
m
m
m
m
m
m
m m m m
m
m
m
< <
< <
< < <

+ >
<

<
<

{ }
\ 1 D = v c o hm
( )
( )
2
2
2 2 2
' , 1
1
x x m
f x x
x
+ +
=
+

Hm s c cc i , cc tiu khi
( )
' f x i du hai ln qua nghim x hay phng trnh
( )
2
2 2 2 0 g x x x m = + + = c hai nghim phn bit khc 1
( )
' 0 3 2 0
3
2 3 0 1 0 2
m
m
m g
> >

<

Gi
( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
; 2 2 , ; 2 2 A x y x m B x y x m = + = + l cc im cc tr ca th hm s th
1 2
, x x l
nghim ca phng trnh
( )
0, 1 g x x = . Theo nh l Vi t
1 2 1 2
2, . 2 x x x x m + = =
Theo yu cu bi ton
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
1 2
2 2
, , 3 2 2 3 2 2
2 2
x y x y
d A d B x m x m
+ + + +
= = + + = + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 0 x m x m x m x m + + = + + + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1
3 4 4 0 3 4 4 0 3 2 4 4 0
2
x x x x m x x m x x m m
(
+ + + = + + + = + + = =

So vi iu kin, vy
1
2
m = l gi tr cn tm .
V d 10:
1. Chng t rng ch c mt im A duy nht trn mt phng to sao cho n l im cc i ca
th
( )
( )
2 3
1 1 x m m x m
f x
x m
+ + +
=
ng vi mt gi tr thch hp ca m v cng l im cc
tiu ca th ng vi mt gi tr thch hp khc. Tm to ca A.
-59-
2. Tm m th ca hm s
4 2 4
2 2 y x mx m m = + + c cc i , cc tiu ng thi cc im
cc tr lp thnh tam gic u.
Gii :
Hm s cho xc nh trn
{ }
\ D m = .
Ta c
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 1
' , 2 1 1 0,
g
x mx m
f x x m g x x mx m m
x m
+
= = + = >

Do
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
1 2 1; 2
' 0
1 2 1; 2
x m f x m m M m m m
f x
x m f x m m N m m m
= = + +
=
= + = + + + + +

t
( )
0 0
; A x y .Gi s ng vi gi tr
1
m m = th A l im cc i v ng vi gi tr
2
m m = th A
l im cc tiu ca th hm s
Ta c:
0 1 0 2
2 2
0 1 1 0 2 2
1 1
;
2 2
x m x m
y m m y m m
= = +

= + = + +

Theo bi ton , ta c :
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
2 1 1
2 2 1 4
m m m m
m m m m m m m m
= = +

+ = + + + =

1 0
1 2
1 2
2 0
1 1
2
1 7
2 2
;
1 3 7
2 4
2 4
m x
m m
A
m m
m y

= =
=
| |

|
+ =
\
= =

Vy
1 7
;
2 4
A
| |

|
\
l im duy nht cn tm tho yu cu bi ton .
Ta c
( )
( )
3 2
2
0
' 4 4 4 ' 0
*
x
y x mx x x m y
x m
=
= = =
=

th hm s c cc i , cc tiu khi ' 0 y = c 3 nghim phn bit v ' y i du khi x qua cc
nghim , khi phng trnh
( )
* c hai nghim phn bit khc 0 0 m >
Khi :
( )
( ) ( )
4 4
4 2 4 2 4 2
0 2 0; 2
' 0
2 ; 2 , ; 2
x y m m A m m
y
x m y m m m B m m m m C m m m m
= = + +
= = + + +

Hm s c 3 cc tr , , A B C lp thnh tam gic u
( ) ( )
3 2 2 4 3
4 3 0 3 0
AB AC
AB BC m m m m m m m
AB BC
=
= + = = = >

Vy
3
3 m = l gi tr cn tm .

V d 11:
1. Xc nh tham s a hm s sau c cc i:
2
2 2 4 5 y x a x x = + + +
Gii :
-60-
( )
( )
2 3
2
2
' 2 ''
4 5
4 5
a x
a
y y
x x
x x
= + =
+
+

Hm s t cc i ti
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
0
0 0
0
2
0
0 0 0
0
2
4 5
2 ' 0
1
2 2 4 5
'' 0
0
0
a x
x x
a
y x
x x
x x x
y x
a
a

+

= =
=
=
+
<

<
<

Vi 0 a < th
( )
0
1 2 x < .
Xt hm s :
( )
2
0 0
0 0
0
4 5
, 2
2
x x
f x x
x
+
= <

( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0 0
0 0
2 2
0 0
4 5 4 5
lim lim 1 , lim lim
2 2
x x
x x
x x x x
f x f x
x x

+ +
= = = =

Ta c
( )
( )
( )
0 0 2
2
0 0 0
2
' 0, ; 2
2 4 5
f x x
x x x
= <
+

Bng bin thin :
x 2
( )
' f x
( )
f x 1

Phng trnh
( )
1 c nghim
0
2 1 2
2
a
x a < < <

BI TP T LUYN

1. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau :
( )
( )
( )
3 2
3 2
1
) 2 3 1
3
1
) 2 10
3
1
)
a f x x x x
b f x x x x
c f x x
x
= + +
= +
= +

( )
( )
5 3
2
1 1
) 2
5 3
3 3
)
1
d f x x x
x x
e f x
x
= +
+
=

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
3
2
2
3 2
) 8
)
1
)
1
) 5
) 1
1 4
) 3
3 3
f f x x
x
g f x
x
x
h f x
x
i f x x
j f x x x
k f x x x x
=
=
+
=
+
=
= +
= +

2. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau :
-61-
( )
( )
( )
( )

3 2
4 3 2
3 2
) 2 9 12 3
) 3 4 24 48 3
) 5 3 4 5
9
) 3
2
a f x x x x
b f x x x x
c f x x x x
d f x x
x
= + +
= +
= + +
= +

( )
( )
( )
( )

2
2
2
2
8 24
)
4
)
4
) 3
) 2 | | 2
x x
e f x
x
x
f f x
x
g f x x x
h f x x x
+
=
=
+
=
= +

Hng dn :
( )
2
) 2 | | 2 h f x x x = +
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 0 2 2 0
'
2 2 0 2 2 0
x x khi x x khi x
f x f x
x khi x x x khi x
+ + < + <

= =

> +

( )
' 0 1, 1 f x x x = = =
Hm s t cc i ti im
( )
0; 2 A v t cc tiu ti cc im
( ) ( )
1;1 , 1;1 B C
3. Chng minh rng vi mi m th ca hm s
3 2
4 3 y x mx x m = + lun c cc i , cc tiu
v . 0
C CT
x x <

4. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
*
1
q
f x x p
x
= + +
+

) a Tm cc s thc , p q sao cho hm s t cc i ti im 2 x = v
( )
2 2 f = .
1
) a Trng hp 1 p q = = , gi , M N l im cc i , cc tiu ca hm s . Tnh di MN
2
) a Trng hp 1 p q = = ,mt ng thng
( )
t lun tip xc vi th hm s
( )
* ti K thuc th
hm s
( )
* ng thi ct hai trc ta ti hai im phn bit , E F . Tm ta im K K l trung
im EF
) b Gi s
1 2
; x x ln lt l honh cc i , cc tiu ca hm s . Tm cc s thc , p q sao cho
1
) b
1 2
2 x x = v
( ) ( )
2
1
1
2
f x f x =
2
) b Khong cch t
( ) ( )
1 1
; A x f x n ng thng y x p = + v 1 0 x + = bng nhau .
Hng dn :
) a Tm cc s thc , p q sao cho hm s t cc i ti im 2 x = v
( )
2 2 f = .
( )
( )
2
' 1 , 1
1
q
f x x
x
=
+

0 q th
( )
' 0, 1 f x x > . Do hm s
( )
1
q
f x x p
x
= + +
+
ng bin trn mi khong
( )
; 1 v
( )
1; + . Hm s khng c cc i , cc tiu .
-62-
0 q > th
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1 2 2
1
' , 1 ' 0 1 , 1
1
x q
f x x f x x p x p
x
+
= = = = +
+
. Hm s t cc
i ti im 2 x = v
( )
2 2 f = khi
( )
1
2 1
1 2 2
x q
p f
= =

= =

5. Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 2
1 2 3
3 3
f x x m x m x = + +
) a Chng minh rng 2 m th th ca hm s lun c cc i v cc tiu . Vit phng trnh qua
hai im cc i v cc tiu .
) b Gi s honh cc i, cc tiu l
1 2
, x x . Tm m :
1 1 2
) 3 5 b x x + =
2 1 2
) 5 2 b x x = 4
2 2
3 1 2
) 5 b x x + =
2
4 1 2
) 3 b x x +
) c Tm m :
1
) c
1 2
0 1 x x < < <
2
) c
1 2
1 x x < <
3
) c
1 2
2 0 x x < < <
4
) c
1 2
0 1 2 x x < < < <
Lu : lm c cu ) c hc sinh xem li so snh nghim phng trnh bc hai cp sch i s
9 v c nhc li i s 10.
6. Cho hm s
( )
3
f x x px q = + +
) a Vi iu kin no hm s f c mt cc i v mt cc tiu ?.
) b Chng minh rng nu gi tr cc i v gi tr cc tiu tri du th phng trnh
3
0 x px q + + = c
3 nghim phn bit?.
) c Chng minh rng iu kin cn v phng trnh
3
0 x px q + + = c ba nghim phn bit l
3 2
4 27 0 p q + <
Hng dn :
) a 0 p <
) c . 0
3 3
p p
f f
| | | |
| | <
| |
\ \

7.
) a Tm , a b cc cc tr hm s
( )
2 3 2
5
2 9
3
f x a x ax x b = + + u l nhng s dng v
0
5
9
x =
l im cc i .
) b Tm , , a b c cc cc tr hm s
3 2
y x ax bx c = + + + c gi tr bng 1 khi 0 x = v t cc tr ti
2 x = , gi tr cc tr l 3 .
) c Tm , a b cc cc tr hm s
2
2
x ax b
y
x
+ +
=
t cc tr ti 3 x = v ng tim cn xin
1 y x = .
) d Tm , , a b c cc cc tr hm s
2
2
ax bx c
y
x
+ +
=
c gi tr bng 1 khi 1 x = v ng tim cn

xin ca th vung gc vi ng thng
1
2
x
y

= .
-63-
) e Tm cc h s , , a b c sao cho hm s
( )
3 2
f x x ax bx c = + + + t cc tiu ti
( )
1; 3 A v th
ca hm s ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 2 .

Hng dn :
) a 0 a = : Hm s khng c cc tr
( ) ( )
2 2
9
5
0 ' 5 4 9 ' 0
1
x
a
a f x a x ax f x
x
a
= + =

Nu 0 a < ,
0
5
9
x = l im cc i khi
0
5 1 9
9 5
x a
a
= = = , gi tr cc tiu l s dng nn
( ) ( )
9 36
1 0
5 5
CT
f x f f b
a
| |
= = > >
|
\

Nu 0 a > ,
0
5
9
x = l im cc i khi
0
5 9 81
9 5 25
x a
a
= = = , gi tr cc tiu l s dng nn
( )
1 400
0
243
CT
f x f b
a
| |
= > >
|
\

Vy
9 81
5 25
36 400
5 243
a a
b b

= =

> >

;
) b 3, 0, 1 a b c = = =
) c 3, 3 a b = =
) d 2, 3, 0 a b c = = =

8. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 2 1 1, f x x mx m x m = + + l tham s
) a Xc nh m hm s ng bin trn tp xc nh .
) b Xc nh m
( )
'' 6 f x x > .
9.
) a nh a th ca hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 2 1 6 1 1 y x a x a a x = + + + + c gi tr 1 y >
C

p s:
) a
3
0
2
a <

10. Xc nh khong n iu v cc tr ( nu c ) ca hm s :
( )
) sin2 a f x x =
( )
) sin cos b f x x x = +
( )
( )
2
) sin 3 cos , 0;
) 2sin cos 2 , 0;
c f x x x x
d f x x x x
( =

( = +

Hng dn :
( )
) sin2 a f x x =
Hm s cho xc nh v lin tc trn
-64-
Ta c
( ) ( )
' 2cos 2 , ' 0 cos 2 0 ,
4 2
f x x f x x x l l

= = = = +
( )
4 2
'' 4 sin2 , '' 4 sin
4 2 1
4 2 4 2
khi l k
f x x f l l k
khi l k

=
| | | |

= + = + =
| |
= +
\ \

,

Vy
( )
4
x k k
= + l im cc i ca hm s .
( )
3
4
x k k
= + l im cc tiu ca hm s .
Mt bi ton tng t :
( )
sin2 f x x x = , xt
( ) ( )
' 0, , ? f x x x = =
( )
) sin cos b f x x x = +
Hm s cho xc nh v lin tc trn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin cos 2 sin ' 2 cos , ' 0
4 4 4
f x x x x f x x f x x k k

| | | |
= + = + = + = = +
| |
\ \

( )
2 2
'' 2 sin '' 2 sin
4 4 2
2 2 1
khi k n
f x x f k k
khi k n

=
| | | | | |

= + + = + =
| | |
= +
\ \ \

Vy
( )
2
4
x n n
= + l im cc i ca hm s .
( ) ( )
2 1
4
x n n
= + + l im cc tiu ca hm s .
( )
2
) sin 3 cos , 0; c f x x x x ( =

( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
sin 3 cos ' sin 2cos 3 , 0; f x x x f x x x x = = +
V
( )
0; sin 0 x x > nn trong khong
( ) ( )

3 5
0; : ' 0 cos
2 6
f x x x

= = =
( )
5
' 0, 0;
6
f x x
| |
>
|
\
hm s ng bin trn on
5
0;
6
(
(

( )
5
' 0, ;
6
f x x

| |
<
|
\
hm s ng bin trn on
5
;
6

(
(

V
( )
( )

5
' 0, 0;
6
5
' 0, ;
6
f x x
f x x

| |
>
|
| |
<
|
\
nn hm s t cc i ti im
5 5 7 3
, 1
6 6 4 4
x f
| |
= = =
|
\

Hoc c th kim tra
5 1
'' ... 0
6 2
f
| |
= = <
|
\

( )
) 2sin cos 2 , 0; d f x x x x ( = +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2sin cos 2 ' 2cos 1 2sin , 0; f x x x f x x x x = + =
-65-
Trong khong
( ) ( )

2
cos 0
0; : ' 0
1
6
sin
2
5
6
x
x
f x x
x
x

= =

Tng t cu ) a hc sinh t xc nh khong n iu hm s ; hm s t cc tiu ti
, 1
2 2
x f
| |
= =
|
\
, hm s t cc i ti cc im
3
,
6 6 2
x f
| |
= =
|
\
v
5 5 3
,
6 6 2
x f
| |
= =
|
\
.

MT S DNG TON TRONG K THI T TI &TUYN SINH I HC

1. Tm cc tr ca hm s :
) a
( )
.
x
f x x e
=
) b
( )
3 2
3
2
f x x x = +
) c
( )
2
2 3 1 f x x x = + +
) d
( )
2
3 10 f x x x = +
) e
( )
3 sin cos f x x x = +
2. Tm m th ca hm s c cc tr :
) a
( )
2
x mx m
y f x
x m
+
= =
+
) b
( )
2
( 1)
1
x m x m
y f x
x
+
= =
+

3. Tm m th ca hm s:
) a
( )
3 2
7 3 y f x x mx x = = + + + c cc tr .
) b
( )
4 3 2
1 3
2 ( 2) ( 6) 1
4 2
y f x x x m x m x = = + + + + c ba cc tr .
) c
( )
2
2 1 y f x x m x = = + + c cc tiu.
) d
( )
2
2 2
1
x x m
y f x
x m
+ +
= =
+
c cc i , cc tiu .
4. Xc nh m th ca hm s lun c cc i , cc tiu?.
) a
3 2
3 5 y x mx mx = + + +
) b
2
2 x mx m
y
x m
+
=
+

) c
( )
2
1 1
2
mx m x
y
mx
+ + +
=
+

p s :
) a 0 9 m m < >
) b 1 0 m < <
) c 2, 0 m m <

5. Chng minh rng vi mi m th th ca hm s lun c cc i , cc tiu ?.
-66-
) a
( )
4 3 2
4
2
3
y f x x mx x = =
) b
( )
2
2 3
2
x mx m
y f x
x
+ +
= =
+

) c
( )
2
1
x mx m
y f x
x
+
= =

6.
) a Vi gi tr no ca m ,hm s
( )
2 2 2
2
,
1
x m x m
y f x m
x
+ +
= =
+
c cc i , cc tiu
) b Vi gi tr no ca m ,hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
, 3 2 3 y f x m m x mx = = + khng c cc i , cc tiu

p s :
) a 1 1 m < < ) b 0 m =

7. Tm m th ca hm s:
) a
( )
3 2 2
2 y f x x mx m = = + + t cc i ti 1 x =
) b
( )
2
3 5
1
x mx
y f x
mx
+ +
= =
+
t cc i ti 1 3 x =
) c
( ) ( )
3 2
3 5 y f x x m x mx m = = + + + + t cc tiu ti 2 x =
) d
( ) ( )
2 3 2
5 6 6 6 y f x m m x mx x = = + + + t cc i ti 1 x =
) e
( )
( )
2
1 1
1
x m x
y f x
x m
+ +
= =
+
t cc i ti 2 x =

8. Tm m th ca hm s:
) a
( )
2
2 3
2
x mx m
y f x
x
+ +
= =
+
c cc i , cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng
2 8 0 x y + + = .
) b
( )
3 2
6 3( 2) 6. y f x x x m x m = = + + c hai cc tr tri du .
) c
( )
2
2 3
1
x x m
y f x
x
+
= =
c cc i , cc tiu tho mn 8
CD CT
y y > .
) d
( )
2
3 2
4
x x m
y f x
x
+ +
= =
c cc i , cc tiu tho mn 4
CD CT
y y = .

9. Tm m th ca hm s:
) a
( )
2 2
2 (2 3) 4 x m x m m
y f x
x m
+ + + +
= =
+
c cc i , cc tiu tho mn . 0
CD CT
y y < .
) b
( )
3 2 2
1
( 3) 4( 3)
3
y f x x m x m x m m = = + + + + + c honh cc i
1
x , cc tiu
2
x tho
mn
1 2
1 x x < < .
-67-
) c
( )
3 2
1 1
( 1) 3( 2)
3 3
y f x mx m x m x = = + + c honh cc i
1
x , cc tiu
2
x tho mn
1 2
2 1 x x + = .
) d
( )
3 2
2 12 13 y f x x mx x = = + c im cc i, im cc tiu cch u trc tung.
) e
3 2
3 3 1 y x x mx m = + + c cc tr m honh cc tr nh hn 2
p s
) e 0 1 m < <

10. Tm m th ca hm s:
) a
( )
2
3
4
x x m
y f x
x
+ +
= =
c gi tr cc i , cc tiu ng thi 4
CT
y y =
C

) b
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
2 1 4 1 2 1 y x m x m m x m = + + + + c cc i , cc tiu
1 2
, x x tha mn iu
kin
( )
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
2
x x
x x
+ = +
) c
( ) ( )
3 2
1 5 1
3
m
y x m x m x = + + c cc i , cc tiu
1 2
, x x ng thi honh cc i,
cc tiu tha mn iu kin
( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2
3 4 0
24
x x x x
x x
+ + <
+ >

) d
3 2
6 3 2 y x x mx m = + + c im cc i
( )
1 1 1
; M x y v im cc tiu
( )
2 2 2
; M x y tha mn
iu kin
( ) ( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
0
2
y y
x x x x
<
+

p s :
) a 3 m =
) b 1 5 m m = =
) c
1
0
7
m < <
) d 2 4 m < <

11. Tm m th ca hm s:
) a
( )
3 2
2 12 13 y f x x mx x = == + c cc i , cc tiu v cc im cc i , cc tiu cch
u trc Oy
) b
( )
3 2
3
2
m
y f x x x m = = + c cc i , cc tiu nm v hai pha ca ng phn gic th
nht mt phng to ca h Oxy .
) c
( )
2
8
1
x mx m
y f x
x
+ +
= =
c cc i , cc tiu nm v hai pha ng thng

9 7 1 0 x y = .
) d
( )
3 2
2 3( 1) 6( 2) 1. y f x x m x m x = = + + c ng thng i qua cc i , cc tiu song
song vi ng thng 2009 y x = +
-68-
) e
3 2
( ) 2 3( 1) 6 (1 2 ) y f x x m x m m x = = + + c cc i , cc tiu thuc ng thng 4 y x = .
) f
( )
3 2
1 1
3 2
y f x x x mx = = + + t cc i v cc tiu ti cc im c honh x m >
) g
2
3 2 1
1
mx mx m
y
x
+ + +
=
c cc i , cc tiu ng thi hai im cc tr nm v hai pha i vi

trc Ox .

Hng dn :
) f
2
' 0 y x x m = + + = c 2 nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x tho mn
1 2
m x x < <
( )
2
1
1 4 0
4
1. ' 2 0 2 0 2
1 1
2 2 2
m
m
y m m m m m m
S
m m

<
= >

= + > < > <

= > <

) 0 4 g m < <

Cuc Tri Ham So Truyenky - VN

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cuc Tri Ham So Truyenky - VN

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt 063.28.78.79 hoc 0989.80.78.79 http://www.maths.

c im cc tiu nm trn Parabol

+ + > < < >

< < <

c gi tr bng 1 khi 1 x = v ng tim cn

c cc i , cc tiu nm v hai pha ng thng

c cc i , cc tiu ng thi hai im cc tr nm v hai pha i vi

You might also like