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com - Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010

PHNG PHP VC-T TRT-MT PHNG PHP HIU QU GII

CC BI TON IN XOAY CHIU RLC KHNG PHN NHNH.
Ng S nh1 - Chu Vn Bin2
1
Trng THPT Yn Thnh 2,
Huyn Yn Thnh, Ngh An
2
Khoa KHTN, Trng i hc Hng c, Thanh Ha
307, L Lai, Phng ng Sn, TP Thanh Ha.
Tm tt bo co: a s hc sinh thng dng phng php i s gii cc
bi ton in xaoy chiu cn phng php gin vc t th hc sinh rt ngi
dng. iu l tht ng tic v phng php gin vc t dng gii cc bi
ton rt hay v ngn gn c bit l cc bi ton lin quan n lch pha. C
nhiu bi ton khi gii bng phng php i s rt di dng v phc tp cn
khi gii bng phng php gin vc t th t ra rt hiu qu. Khi gii bi
ton in bng phng php gin vc-t c th chia thnh hai phng php:
phng php vc t buc v phng php vc t trt.

M u: Trong cc ti liu hin c, a s cc tc gi thng dng phng php vc

t buc v t quan tm n phng php vc t trt. Trong bi vit ny chng ti
s trnh by phng php vc-t trt vi nhng u th vt tri khi gii cc bi
ton in xoay chiu RLC ni tip kh.
PHNG PHP GIN VECT TRT
*Chn ngang l trc dng in.
*Chn im u mch (A) lm gc.
*V ln lt cc vc-t biu din cc in p, ln
lt t A sang B ni ui nhau theo nguyn tc:
+ L - ln.
+ C xung.
+ R ngang.
di cc vc-t t l vi cc gi tr hiu
dng tng ng.
*Ni cc im trn gin c lin quan n d kin
ca bi ton.
*Biu din cc s liu ln gin .
*Da vo cc h thc lng trong tam gic tm cc in p hoc gc cha bit.
GIN L-R-C
V d 1: (C-2010)t in p u = 2202cos100 t (V) vo hai u on mch
AB gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm cun cm thun L
mc ni tip vi in tr thun R, on MB ch c t in C. Bit in p gia hai
u on mch AM v in p gia hai u on mch MB c gi tr hiu dng
bng nhau nhng lch pha nhau 2 /3. in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch
AM bng
C. 220 V.
D. 110 V.
A. 2202 V.
B. 220/3 V.

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www.MATHVN.com - Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010

Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.

HD : AMB l tam gic u U AM = U = 220(V )

GIN R-rL
V d 2: on mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun 30 ( ) mc ni tip vi
cun dy. in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l 120 V. Dng in trong mch
lch pha /6 so vi in p hai u on mch v lch pha /3 so vi in p hai
u cun dy. Cng hiu dng dng qua mch bng
B. 3 (A).
C. 4 (A).
A. 33 (A).
D. 2 (A).
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
HD : AMB cn t i M U R = MB = 120(V ) I =

UR
= 4 ( A)
R

GIN Lr-R-C
V d 3: t in p xoay chiu u = 1206cos t (V) vo hai u on mch AB
gm hai on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM l cun dy c in tr
thun r v c t cm L, on MB gm in tr thun R mc ni tip vi t in
C. in p hiu dng trn on MB gp i in p hiu dng trn R v cng
hiu dng ca dng in trong mch l 0,5 A. in p trn on MB lch pha so
vi in p hai u on mch l /2. Cng sut tiu th ton mch l
A. 150 W.
B. 20 W.
C. 90 W.
D. 100 W.
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.

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www.MATHVN.com - Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010

UR

MFB : sin = U = 0 ,5 = 6
MB
HD :
P = UI cos = 120 3 .0 ,5 cos = 90W

GIN R-C-L
V d 4: t in p xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz vo hai u on mch AB gm hai
on mch AM v MB mc ni tip. on AM gm in tr thun R = 1003
mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L, on MB ch c t in c in
dung C = 0,05/ (mF). Bit in p gia hai u on mch MB v in p gia
hai u on mch AB lch pha nhau /3. Gi tr L bng
A. 2/ (H).
B. 1/ (H).
C. 3/ (H).
D. 3/ (H).
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
1

Z C = C = 200 ( )
HD :
AEB : BE = AE.c o t an = 100 ( ) Z = Z BE = 100 ( ) L = Z L = 1 ( H )
L
C

GIN R-C-rL
V d 5: Trn on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh c bn im theo ng th
t A, M, N v B. Gia hai im A v M ch c in tr thun, gia hai im M v
N ch c t in, gia hai im N v B ch c cun cm. t vo hai u on mch

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www.MATHVN.com - Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010

mt in p xoay chiu 240V 50 Hz th uMB v uAM lch pha nhau /3, uAB v uMB
lch pha nhau /6. in p hiu dng trn R l
A. 80 (V).
B. 60 (V).
C. 803 (V).
D. 603 (V).
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
AMB l tam gic cn t i M (vABM = 600 300 = 300 )

HD :
UR
AB
=
U R = 80 3 ( V )
Theo nh l hm s sin :
0
sin 30
sin 1200

GIN C-R-rL
V d 6: Mt mch in xoay chiu ni tip gm t in c in dung C, in tr
thun R v cun dy c t cm L c in tr thun r. Dng vn k c in tr rt
ln ln lt o hai u in tr, hai u cun dy v hai u on mch th s ch
ln lt l 50 V, 302 V v 80 V. Bit in p tc thi trn cun dy sm pha hn
dng in l /4. in p hiu dng trn t l
A. 30 V.
C. 60 V.
D. 20 V.
B. 302 V.
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.
AMB l tam gic vung cn t i E NE =EB =30V

HD : ME =MN +NE =80V =AB

T gic AMNB l h nh ch nht U = AM = EB = 30 V
( )
C

GIN R-rL-C
V d 7: Trn on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh c bn im theo ng th
t A, M, N v B. Gia hai im A v M ch c in tr thun, gia hai im M v
N ch c cun dy, gia 2 im N v B ch c t in. t vo hai u on mch
mt in p 175 V 50 Hz th in p hiu dng trn on AM l 25 (V), trn on
MN l 25 (V) v trn on NB l 175 (V). H s cng sut ca ton mch l

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www.MATHVN.com - Hi ngh Ging dy vt l ton quc, H Ni, 09-11/11/2010

A. 7/25.
B. 1/25.
C. 7/25.
Hng dn: V mch in v v gin vc-t.

D. 1/7.

MNE : NE = 252 x 2 EB = 60 252 x2

HD : AEB : AB 2 = AE 2 + EB2 30625 = ( 25 + x ) + 175 252 x2

x = 24 cos = AE = 7

AB 25

Kinh nghim cho thy khi trong bi ton c lin quan n lch pha th nn gii
bng phng php gin vc t s c li gii ngn gn hn gii bng phng
php i s.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] V Thanh Khit, Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii trung hc ph thng, mn Vt l,
tp 2, NXB gio dc, H.2001.
[2] V Thanh Khit, Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii trung hc ph thng, mn Vt l,
tp 3, NXB gio dc, H.2001.
[3] Nguyn Th Khi, Vt l 12 nng cao, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam, H.2009.
[4] Nguyn Th Khi, Bi tp Vt l 12 nng cao, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam,
H.2009.
[5] Lng Duyn Bnh, Vt l 12, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam, H.2009.
[6] V Quang, Bi tp Vt l 12, Nh xut bn gio dc, Vit Nam, H.2009.

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