I. MT S NT V PCBs Trc nm 1990, tt c cc my bin th ca Vit Nam u nhp t Trung Quc, Lin X c, l loi my s dng du PCB.

Sau nm 90, Vit Nam ngng nhp loi my trn, nhng cc kho cha du c vn cn v n nay vn cha c phng php chun x l. Ti nhiu kho, do thiu hiu bit, cn b qun l cho dn s dng. Khi b t chy, loi du ny pht tn cht c PCBs l nhng mt trong s nhiu cht gy nhim mi trng nghim trng nht. M, PCBs c sn xut t nm 1929 bi Cng ty Ha hc Swann Th gii sn xut v s dng PCB rng ri t nm 1930, mi mt nm sn xut khong 26.000 tn. T nhng nm 40 ca th k trc, Vit Nam cng nhp khu khong t 27.000 n 30.000 tn PCB t Nga, Trung Quc v Rumani, ch yu lm cht cch in trong bin th.Ngoi ra PCB cn c dng lm cht truyn nhit trong h thng trao i nhit, lm cht ho do, cht ph b mt, ph gia trong sn, cht chng chy, cht xc tc trong cng nghip ho cht. PCBs cng thng s dng nh vic lm n nh nhng ph gia trong s sn xut (ca) PVC linh hot ph (cho) s ni dy v nhng thnh phn in t in tng cng nhit v tnh chng ho hon PCB c s dng trong sn xut t in General Electric Company Hudson Falls, N.Y. Mi ti u nhng nm 60 ca th trc, cc nh khoa hc mi pht hin ra PCB c tnh c, gy nh hng n sc kho ca con ngi. C nhiu v ng c PCB xy ra, trong v Yusho Nht Bn nm 1968 v v Yucheng i Loan nm 1979 gy ra hng trm ngi cht v hng ngn ngi b cc nh hng khc nhau. PCB c rt nhiu tn thng mi khc nhau nhng quc gia khc nhauKanemi Soko l nh sn xut du n chit sut t cm go ni ting ti Nht Bn, nm 1968 gy v ng c ha cht nghim trng cho hn 14.000 ngi trong 1.853 ngi l nhng nn nhn b phi nhim PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) rt nng, gy cc chng bnh mn tnh sut i v c th di truyn sang th h k tip qua sa m theo iu tra vo nm 1986. Bo Asahi ngy 10/10/1968 a tin nhiu gia nh vng Fukuoka v Nagasaki mang cc chng bnh k qui tp th nh chn tay run ry, mu da
1

ni chm... Ngy 15/10/1968, C quan y t thnh ph Ogura ra lnh nh ch vic bn du n ca Kanemi v cm cng ty ny sn xut v kinh doanh du n t cm go. 2 ngy sau, i hc Kyushu lp on iu tra bnh do du n vi s tham d ca Trng b mn v sinh cng cng ca tnh mc d y l on khng phi do Chnh ph t chc, ph nhn ngun tin du ny b nhim arsenic. Ngy 4/11/1968, qua 2 tun, on iu tra ca Vin nghin cu v sinh tnh Kochi cng b du b nhim hp cht chlorine hu c. Cng ngy T nghin cu chuyn mn ca i hc Kyushu chnh thc xc nhn nguyn nhn cc triu chng l ngi bnh l do du n c hm lng PCB 2000-3000 ppm t sn phm Kaneclor 400 - mt ha cht c cha PCB khi gia nhit -chin xo to ra hp cht PCDF (Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran - mt loi dioxin) c hi. Kaneclor 400 - l sn phm ca Cng ty ha cht Kanegafuchi c s dng lm dung mi trong quy trnh kh mi du cm ca Kanemi. L hng ny c sn xut trc thng 2/1968 v kh nng cao nht gy ng c cho ngi tiu dng trong khong thi gian t thng 3-10/1968. Mc d nguyn nhn nhim c c lm sng t, nu nh cc on thanh - kim tra c trch nhim lm vic nghim tc th s vic c pht hin trc 8 thng v s ngi b hi s gim thiu rt nhiu. S d 8 thng trc l v y l thi k bt u c du hiu nhim c du n v cng lc xy ra v g b nhim du mu nu cht hng lot. Trong thng 2 v 3 nm 1968 lng g nhim loi du mu nu ny b cht hng lot, c 400.000 con c t l lng trng sinh n xung thp bt thng trong s 2 triu con vng Kyushu, Shikoku thuc min Nam nc ny v n thc n trn du c hm lng PCB ca Cng ty Kanemi. II.TNH CHT CA PCBs. PCB thuc loi cc ha cht hu c tng hp v l mt trong s cc cht nhim mi trng ph bin nht, c trong khng kh, nc, t, thc phm v c trong m ngi v ng vt. PCB (Polycloro biphenyls) l mt nhm cht, c to thnh bng cch thay th t 1 n 10 nguyn t clo (Cl) vo cc vng benzen.C cng thc tng qut l C12H10-nCln PCB l nhm hp cht m trong phn t ca chng cha 2 nhm phenyl c cloho, c pht hin trong chui thc n lin quan n cc thu vc (sng, h) nh trong bn lng, cy c, sinh vt ph du, c, ng vt thn mm,

cc loi chim sng quanh thu vc v l d nhin c cc m m ca nhng ngi c s dng tm, c lm thc phm trong ba n PCB khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong m.iu ny lm cho PCB d tch t trong m,kh b loi thi ra khi c th. V mt ha hc, PCB d b oxy ha to thnh cc hp cht v cng c hi khc nh Dioxin hoc cc hp cht Furan. PCB c c tnh cao li rt kh b phn hu. V d, cc PCB trong t nhin c chu k bn hu hng trm nm (rt bn, bn hn c DDT). Cu trc ha hc ca PCB Nhm cht ny c nhiu tnh nng qu nh dn nhit, cch in tt, kh b phn hu trong mi trng axit v kim phn hu cc PCB ngi ta phi nung vt liu cha PCB n nhit cao, trn 1200oC. Tuy nhin khi nung, PCB c th bc theo khi, ng thi c th chuyn ha thnh cc cht c khc Cc nh khoa hc cho bit, hm lng clo (Cl) trong PCB cng cao th hp cht cng c. PCB nh hng n h thn kinh, gan v c kh nng gy ung th Ngoi ra,mc c hi cn ph thuc vo cu trc khng gian (ng phn lp th) ca chng.
ng phn para:hai vng benzene lm thnh 1 gc 900 s c c tnh

cao nht. III .NGUN GC PCB khng c sn trong t nhin. Ch c t ngun gc nhn to. Mc d khng cn c sn xut trong Nc M, PCB c th tn ti trong nhng sn phm v nguyn liu c sn xut trc lnh cm s dng PCB nm 1979. Nhng sn phm m c th cha PCBs Bao gm :. Nhng my bin th v nhng t (in).

 Thit b in khc bao gm nhng b iu ha in th, nhng ng lt, v nhng nam chm in. Du c dng trong nhng m t v nhng h thng thy lc. Nhng thit b in c nhng trang thit b cha

hay

ng PCB t (in). n Hunh quang. Cp cch ly.

S cch nhit vt cht vic bao gm si thy tinh n, si bt, v nt bn. Nhng cht dnh. Sn du. Cht dng hn Nhng cht do. Giy than.

Hm nay nhng PCB c th cn c gii phng vo trong mi trng t vic km ci trong vic bo tr my mc ,PCB b r r t nhng my bin th in cha ng nhng PCB. PCBs c th cng c gii phng vo trong mi trng t nhng l t rc thnh ph v cc khu cng nghip.

IV CON NG CHUYN HO

Qa trnh nhit phn ca PCBdng lng QUY TRNH X L C CHT PCB V. NH HNG CA PCB N CON NGI, MI TRNG V SINH VT Theo T chc Y t th gii, PCB c kh nng gy ung th v hng lot nh hng xu n h thn kinh, h min dch, h ni lit, h sinh dc ca con ngi. Mc nh hng tu tng cht trong nhm PCB. PCB i vo mi trng theo ba con ng chnh: Do thi b cht thi c PCB ra cc bi rc ri t PCB xm nhp vo nc ngm, ra sng, ra bin. Do thiu t khng hon ton cht thi c cha PCB khin PCB c th phn tn vo kh quyn.

Khi i vo c th PCB se kt hp vi cc hp cht hu c,lm thay i cc phn ng sinh ha trong c th. PCB c vng ging nh cu trc ca baz nitric nn chng s lm ri lon cc qu trnh sinh tng hp protein, qu trnh t sao ca DNA gy ra bnh ung th. Do s r r PCB t cc thit b in nh bin th, t in. S vn chuyn ca PCB trong mi trng l do cc tc ng ca khng kh, nc, ng vt v mt s con ng khc PBC c th tch t trong m, sa, no, huyt thanh, gan, c bp ca con ngi, v c th o thi khi c th qua phn nc tiu, qua sa m m truyn sang con. Kanemi Soko l nh sn xut du n chit sut t cm go ni ting ti Nht Bn, nm 1968 gy v ng c ha cht nghim trng cho hn 14.000 ngi trong 1.853 ngi l nhng nn nhn b phi nhim PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) rt nng, gy cc chng bnh mn tnh sut i v c th di truyn sang th h k tip qua sa m theo iu tra vo nm 1986. PGS.TS. Phm Hu L Vin Ha hc, thuc Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam khng nh, c rt nhiu nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc trn th gii v nh hng ca cc cht POPs m in hnh l PCB i vi con ngi. Cc triu chng nhim c cho ngi v ng vt ch yu thng xut hin qua ng tiu ha v h hp. Nhim c mc cao v cp tnh s b bng da, try da, thay i cu trc ca da v mng tay, thay i chc nng gan v h thng min dch; nh hng n h h hp gy au u, suy nhc thn kinh, hoa mt, mt tr nh, hong lon v bt lc. Nhim c mn tnh vi nng PCB d nh cng dn n ph hy gan, ri lon sinh sn v c bit l bin i gen gy hng lot bnh nguy him nh ung th, qui thai, d dng v nhng vn khc nh hng n mi sinh, mi trng. nh hin vi in t ca vi khun Dehalococcoides (Dhc) cho thy s bin dng GT (ca) nhng vi trng b nhim PCB trong phng th nghim PCB cn nh hng ti t l gii tnh: mt h b nhim PCB th hu ht l con ci, con c khng c hoc rt t.

Trung bnh M, ngi dn mang sn trong mnh mt lng PCB st vi ngng ca khi u ca nhng vn v sc khe c lin quan n PCB.

Khng phi tt c 209 loi c cht PCB u c tc ng nh nhau. mt s c tnh cht nh Dioxin,mt s hot ng nh hoocmon,mt s gy c n h thn kinh. PCBs nh hng n tt c cc h thng ca c th(nh h min dch,h thn kinh,cc hoocmn,h enzyme) v th PCBs c nh hng ln n cu trc v chc nng ca cc c quan ca c th sinh vt. Th nhng s nhim PCBs b l i trong mt thi gian di.

S phi nhim c ch t PCBs trong i dng trong thi gian di s gy nguy hi ln, l nguyn nhn git c voi theo: Courtesy of National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Nhng ngi lm vic tip xc vi cht dioxin c nhng biu hin ri lon hot ng v tr nh. Hai cuc nghin cu v kim tra dch t ch ra rng tr em c sinh ra t nhng b m lm vic ni c cht PCB th vn ng thn kinh chm chp v thiu kh nng nhn thc do tn thng v tr nh th gic. Php, mi nguy him khi tip xc vi hp cht PCB c t ngi bit n nhng nhng nghin cu mi y cho thy nhng vng gn cc my t rc, cht dioxin gy ra nhim nghim trng i vi cc ng vt khi b nhim PCB th gy ra s gim st v ging loi, lm thay i h min dch, c th chm pht trin, lm nh hng n di truyn, gy hy hoi gan i vi con ngi nhim PCB ch yu qua ng dinh dng. PCB c trong c th ngi tch t trong cc m m, trong sa m v c kh nng gy ung th. PCB cng lm thay i h thng min nhim lm c th chm pht trin. Ngi ta chng minh c rng PCB l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra cc nh hng c t kinh nin v hin tng ri lon sinh l ca s t
7

bin. Phn tch mu ca cc con s t bin ny cng cho thy c s gim ng k lng hoc-mn trong mu v trong tuyt gip. Hin tng ny cng ging nh triu chng quan st c khi cho mt s loi ng vt gm nhm tip xc vi PCB dng phng (PCB 9,10,19,30). Nm 1987, mc PCB cao c tm thy trong c th ca cc b m Inuit ang cho con b ti Nunavut - lnh th bn t tr ti vng Bc Cc thuc ch quyn Canada. Kt qu ny lm dy ln s lo ngi v tc ng ca chng i vi sc kho con ngi. Mt nghin cu khc do cc chuyn gia thuc H Laval Quebec tin hnh ch ra rng mc PCB trong c th ca cc b m Inuit cao gp nm ln so vi nhng ngi Canada khc. Cc chuyn gia ni rng nguyn nhn nm ch n. Ngi Inuit ph thuc nhiu vo hot ng sn bn hi m, c voi, hi cu v cc loi ng vt khc gn nh ca chui thc n. V d vng h Ginev (Thy S) hm lng PCB trong cc i tng nh sau (ppm): Sinh khi v bn: 0,02; rong to: 0,04-0,07; ng vt thn mm: 0,06; c: 3,2-4; trng chim: 5-6; m ngi 0,1-10. Nng PCB vng ng Bc Thi Bnh Dng y l cnh ca mt trong s tai nn PCB trong nh ti t nht trong lch s xy ra New York.

VI. TIU CHUN C HC SUNY New Paltz,

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value

time-weighted average 0.5 DTLVS* mg/m3 (skin) TLV/BEI,2007

American Conference of Confirmed animal DTLVS* ORGANIZATION STANDARD REFERENCE Risk Based Consumption Noncancer Health Endpoint Cancer Health Endpoint Governmental Industrial carcinogen TLV/BEI,2007 Limit Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Fish Value Fish Tissue Concentrations Fish Tissue LimitMeals/Month Concentrations (microgam/gam,wet International Agency for Research IMEMDT Human weight) Limited Evidence (microgam/gam,wet on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review 18,43,1978 weight) International Agency for Research Animal Sufficient Unrestricted(>16) 0-0.0059 on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Evidence 16 >0.0059-0.012 International Agency for Research 12 >0.012-0.016 Group 2A on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review 8 >0.016-0.023 4 ORGANIZATION >0.023-0.047 STANDARD IMSUDL 0-0.0015 7,322,1987 >0.0015-0.0029 IMSUDL >0.0029-0.0039 7,322,1987 >0.0039-0.0059 >0.0059-0.012 REFERENCE >0.012-0.016

3 Mine Safety and Health 2 Administration (MSHA) 1 STANDARD - air

>0.047-0.063 time-weighted >0.63-0.094 >0.016-0.023 average 0.5 mg/m3 DTLVS* 3,52,1971 >0094-0.19 >0.023-0.047 (skin) 0.047-0.094 >0.094 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994

0.5 >0-19-0.38 Occupational Safety and Health 8 hour timeNone=no comsumption >0.38 Administration (OSHA) weighted average recommended Permissible Exposure Limit 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) (General Industry) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) Occupational Exposure Limit 8 hour timeweighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)

CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994

8 hour timeweighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)

CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

8 hour timeweighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) 10

CFRGBR 41,50204.50,1994

time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term

Estimated Average Daily Intake of PCBs via Consumption of Food for the Great Lakes Basin Population Adapted from EPA Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in fish Advisories Source :Heath Cannada,1998 a Nonbreast-fed infants b Eclusively breast-fed infants M, cc qun l lng thc v dc phm M (FDA) t nhng tiu chun v nng PCB trong thc n. .

Thc phm

nng PCB (microgram/gam)

Sa C Tht Theo ATSDR,2000

1.5 1.2 3

Nng PCB trong khng kh:theo US Occupation safety and heath Administration Nng PCB gii hn (microgram/gam) 0.5 1 Nng cho php ca PCB trong nc T chc NYSDEC,1988 GLI USEPA,2002 Nng PCBs (ppm) 10-3 0.12 0.064
11

loi PCB Aroclor 1254,c 54% chlor Aroclor 1242 ,c 42% chlor

OMOE ,1999

1 Standard (Test Method) 0.5mg/kg or under (Content Test Method) 0.03mg/l or under (Content Test Method) 0.5mg/kg or under -Solvent (Cleansing Solvent Test Method) 0.1micrograms/100cm2 or under (Wiping Method) 0.01mg/kg or under -Material (Material Collecting Method) 0.003mg/l or under (Dissolution Test Method)

Type of Waste Waste PCB Oil(Treated) Waste Acid or Waste Alkali Waste Plastic, Waste Metal or Pottery Waste

Others

Tiu chun ca NYSDEC c xem l cht ch nht hin nay. Vit Nam cha c tiu chun v PCB; gii hn tip xc ca mt s nc t 0.5 1.0 mg/m3 (WHO t chc y t th gii). Tiu chun v nng PCB ca Nht Bn VII.HIN TRNG V CHNH SCH NGN NGA PCB. Sau khi pht hin tnh c ca PCB, nhiu nc trn th gii ln lt cm sn xut v s dng PCB. Ti Vit Nam, PCB b hn ch s dng t nm 1992. Nhng tnh chung trn ton th gii, PCB vn c sn xut khong 16.000 tn/nm trong thi gian cc nm t 1980 n 1984, khong 10.000 tn/nm trong cc nm t 1984 n 1989. l cha k PCB t cc hot ng 0-6 mo PCB exposure (ng/day) 325.98 a 5647.50 b 7 46.57a 806.79b 13 61.94 27 43.08 7 mo-4 yr 805.27 5-11 yr 1163.29 12-19 yr 1326.8 5 >20 yr 1438.97

Average body weight (kg) Estimated daily intake (ng/kg bw/day)

57 23.28

70 20.56

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cng nghip xm nhp tch t t trc y vo mi trng. Cho nn vn rt cn cnh bo v nhim bi PCB. Trc nm 1990, tt c cc my bin th ca Vit Nam u nhp t Trung Quc, Lin X c, l loi my s dng du PCB. Sau nm 90, Vit Nam ngng nhp loi my trn, nhng cc kho cha du c vn cn v n nay vn cha c phng php chun x l. Ti nhiu kho, do thiu hiu bit, cn b qun l cho dn s dng. Khi b t chy, loi du ny pht tn cht c hi ra mi trng. Thng qua s liu phn tch ca cc nh phn tch cho thy hm lng PCB trong t cc thnh ph H Ni, H Ch Minh, cc tnh Bc Ninh, Qung Tr, trong thi gian t nm 1992 n 2002, c th pht hin thy PCB trong mi mu t, chng t tnh trng nhim PCB ang xy ra Vit Nam, v mc nhim tng dn theo cc nm. Hm lng PCB trong cc mu t ly cc trung tm cng nghip cc thnh ph ln l cao hn so vi cc mu t ly cc vng nng thn. Nh vy, cc thnh ph ln l ni c cc hot ng cng nghip, mng li in pht trin cn s dng nhiu bin th th tnh trng nhim bi PCB th hin rt r. cc tnh, ni c tc pht trin kinh t thp hn th mc nhim bi PCB c thp hn, nhng vn xu hng tng ln theo thi gian. Nh nu trn, PCB l cht c kh nng gy ung th v cc bnh tt khc, m li kh phn hu trong mi trng. V vy theo chng ti rt cn t chc thc hin vic nh gi hin trng nhim PCB cc a phng trong ton quc, nh gi cc ngun c kh nng gy nhim PCB t c cch qun l, x l, thay th thch hp. Hin ti, Vit Nam cha c cc tiu chun v PCB trong mi trng (t, nc, khng kh), gii hn nng PCB pht thi sau khi x l l thiu t. Cn da trn c im ca Vit Nam v kin ca cc chuyn gia, xy dng tiu chun v PCB ph hp vi Vit Nam. Cc tiu chun c xy dng s l cng c c lc trong qun l PCB. Chng ta khng th x l ton b ngun PCB nc ta trong thi gian ngn, v vy coi trng vic lu tr PCB trc khi x l l cn thit. Cn c quy nh v thit k v xy dng kho lu tr PCB. Vic dn nhn cc thit b c s dng ti PCB l ht sc hu hiu cho vic qun l, thc hin cc chng trnh thay th PCB khi cc thit b in. Cng cn c v thc hin cc qui nh v vn chuyn t nhim v thit b, vt liu c cha PCB ti ni lu tr trc
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khi x l, hoc a im x l, ph hp vi Cng c quc t v vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi, trnh nguy c r r PCB ra mi trng Chng ta rt cn iu tra s lng PCB trong cc thit b in chn gii php cng ngh x l ph hp (thiu t, x l ho hc). Tnh trng nhim bi PCB nc ta l ang xy ra, v nhng xut ca chng ti sau thi gian nghin cu bc u v nhim PCB trong t mt s a phng trong c nc, mong c cc c quan hu trch quan tm xem xt. Tng Gim c UNEP Klaus Toepfer tuyn b, vic loi b PCB trn th gii i hi s hp tc gia cc chnh ph, cc ngnh cng nghip v cc cng ty thng mi v PCB hin ang c s dng rng ri trong cc thit b in, lm cht ph gia trong cc ngnh cng nghip sn xut sn, m phm, cht do v giy. Mc d b cm theo Cng c LHQ v loi b cht hu c c hi, nhng PCB vn gy hi cho sc khe con ngi do cc thit b in c cha PCB vn tip tc c s dng. i din cc chnh ph, cc ngnh cng nghip v cc cng ty thng mi tham d hi ngh tho lun cc chnh sch cp quc gia v quc t, cc vn hu cn, kh nng ca cc nc cng nh cc nhu cu trong vic qun l v loi b dn PCB. Vic thay th ngay lp tc cc thit b in c s dng PCB c nh gi l khng kh thi v tn km, c bit i vi cc nc ang pht trin y ban chu u va cho bit, Lin minh chu u (EU) d nh s sit cht nhng quy nh v hm lng cc loi ha cht c hi trong thc phm v thc n cho vt nui, nhm trnh lp li cc trng hp b nhim c mi y 3 nc thnh vin l B, H Lan v c. EU quy nh mc trn cho hm lng cc cht ixin (gm mt lot ha cht cng dng, do con ngi hoc thin nhin to ra) nhng cha quy nh gii hn mt s ha cht gi l PCB c trong nhiu sn phm nh du nhn, mc in v vt liu xy dng. Mt s cht PCB (cc hyrccbon thm cha clo) cng c nhng c tnh ging nh cc cht ixin nhng cho n nay vn cha c EU quy nh nng trong thc phm v thc n gia sc. D kin, t thng 11/06 EU s a ra quy nh v mc ti a cho php i vi cc loi ixin v cc ha cht c PCB ging ixin trong thc phm v thc n cho vt nui, v bt k sn phm no vi phm u s b cm lu thng trn th trng. Cc cht ixin v PCB l nhng ha cht c c kh nng gy ung th, gy gy ri lon hocmn, gim kh nng sinh sn, nhim trng da v ri lon h min dch.Nhng cht ny c th khng ha tan trong
14

nc nhng li d ha tan trong m v li tn ti lu di nn c th tch t trong c th. Cc loi tht, trng, sa, c nui v nhng thc phm khc c th b nhim ixin t thc n chn nui, nht l t cc cht lm t bt c hoc du c. Ngun nhim c cng c th xut pht t mi trng nh t cc l t ph thi. D phng 1. Gim st mi trng lao ng Thc hin cc bin php bo m cc tiu chun v sinh lao ng, c bit khng ch nng PCB trong khng kh ni lm vic khng vt qu mc cho php. Cn s dng cc phng tin bo h lao ng bo v ng h hp (bao gm c mt n) v bo v da. 2. Gim st v qun l sc khe 1/ Kim tra sc khe tuyn dng Bao gm cc tin s bnh tt v kim tra th lc, c bit quan tm n da v gan, cn thm d chc nng gan. 2/ Kim tra sc khe nh k Thc hin kim tra tuyn dng 1 ln/nm. Cn lm xt nghim chc nng gan v triglyxerit. 3/ Qun l sc khe Cc bnh nhn b h hi v gan v ban do clo dai dng cn : Ngng tip xc, c th chuyn cng tc. iu tr triu chng. 3. D phng Cn ch phng chng tc hi do s phn hy PCB trong cc trng hp s c, tai nn. 1/ PCB c trong thnh phn ca thng phm Pyralen. Pyralen l hn hp ca PCB v triclobenzen, l cht lng nhit thng, khng chy c v c 2 tnh cht quan trng khc : c dung lng hp thu nhit ln v cng sut in mi cao. c dng trong cc my bin th, t in, b chnh lu, bin tr
15

2/ Trong qu trnh hot ng ca thit b c th xy ra cc s c (tai nn) sau : a) Cc tai nn lm h hng thit b, gy r r PCB ra bn ngoi, n d thm su vo t. b) Cc bt thng v in bn trong thit b do nguyn nhn no . Lc h quang in sinh ra, km theo s ta ra Cl2, HCl. S hy b thit b lm lan ta in mi di dng tia lng v kh dung gy ra nhim khng kh, vi s c mt ca PCB khng c chy. Cc tai nn c th gy chy hoc phn hy PCB nhit v c khng kh, to ra Cl2 v HCl, ng thi cn to ra polyclodibenzoparadioxin (PCDD) v polyclodibenzofuran (PCDF), b gi l cc dioxin. c t nh ca chng cha c bit nhiu, trong khi cht dioxin bit r Cng c Stockholm chnh thc c hiu lc k t ngy 14/ 5/2004. Cng c nhm bo v cuc sng v mi trng thin nhin - c bit cho ngi ngho v cc nc ngho - bng cch cm sn xut v s dng mt s cc cht ho hc c hi, c bit l Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, v 9 loi thuc tr su rt c hi. Cng c cng yu cu x l trit nhng a im tng tr thuc tr su v ho cht c hi c cha POPs, cng nh tiu hu cc cht PCB v cht thi c cha PCB. (Ngun: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)

16

17