Professional Documents
Culture Documents
M U
1.1.
t vn
Bnh tiu ng hin ang l mt thch thc ln i vi vn sc khe
cng ng. Mi nm c thm hng triu ngi mc bnh tiu ng. Theo t
chc y t th gii (WHO), t l mc bnh tiu ng Chu 10 - 12%, cc
quc o Thi Bnh Dng l 30 - 40%. y l cn bnh c th gy ra khng
hong y t th gii trong th k 21, v n c th gim tui th ca ngi dn
trong vng 200 nm ti. c tnh ti nm 2025 th gii c 333 triu ngi mc
bnh chim 6% dn s. T l tng ln cc nc pht trin l 40%, cn cc
nc ang pht trin l 70%[2]. nc ta c khong 2 - 2,5 triu ngi mc l
mc bnh tiu ng. Trong c on c ti 1,3 triu ngi tui di
30 - y l iu ng lo ngi. Theo s liu iu tra mi nht ti 4 thnh ph ln
H Ni, Hu, H Ch Minh, Hi Phng, t l ngi mc bnh tiu ng l 7-8%
trong khi t l mc bnh tiu ng la tui 30 - 64 l 4,2% [2].
Trc thc trng trn c nhiu t chc v c nhn tham gia nghin cu
tm ra thuc iu tr cn bnh nguy him ny. c nhiu loi thuc ha dc
c nghin cu thnh cng, v c hiu qu iu tr cao, nhng khi s dng lu
di li mang ti nhiu bt li vi c th, v vy vic nghin cu cc loi thuc c
ngun gc thin nhin c h s an ton cao hn khi iu tr lu di l xu hng
tt yu. Theo nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc Nht Bn, n , Hn Quc
trong l du tm c hp cht alkaloit tn gi l 1 deoxynojimycin (DNJ) cu
to tng t nh D - Glucoza c kh nng c ch cc ezim trong h tiu ha nh
- amylaza lm thay i s trao i glucoza cng nh tnh trng ng mu
cao. Cho n nay, l du tm l ngun thc vt duy nht pht hin c cha DNJ
- hot cht c vai tr quan trng trong vic h ng huyt. Do vic nghin
cu ch bin cc sn phm giu DNJ t l du phc v cho vic phng chng
bnh tiu ng ang c quan tm c bit cc quc gia Chu ni c din
tch trng du tm ln.
Mc ch yu cu
1.2.1. Mc ch
Xc nh quy trnh ch bin tr t l du tm c hm lng DNJ cao dng
trong vic h tr iu tr v phng chng bnh tiu ng.
1.2.2. Yu cu
- Xc nh nguyn liu thch hp cho ch bin tr
- Xc nh c phng php tch chit v thu nhn cao l du ph hp
vi iu kin thit b nc ta.
- a ra c quy trnh ch bin tr t l du c hm lng DNJ cao
Hnh2.1. Cy du tm
Cy du c tn chung l Mulberry, mc nhiu ni trn th gii, v c
phn chia thnh ba loi ln.
- Morus alba L. (du trng): Mc ch yu chu , qu mu trng hoc
, l c s dng chn nui tm.
- Morus rubra L. (du ): Mc vng Bc M, qu c mu ta.
- Morus nigra L. (du en): Mc ch yu chu u, qu c mu en.
Cy du c tc sinh trng nhanh va sng vng n i va sng
vng nhit i. Chng c th cao t 10 15m, l mc so le hnh bu dc, hnh
tim hay chia thy. u l nhn phn cung l bu mp l c hnh rng ca, qu
c th n c.
3
- Ging du VH15: Chiu cao cy trung bnh 2,6m, thn mu xanh nht,
cnh nhiu, tn gn, l mu dy mu xanh m, thch nghi vi vng i ni
trung du pha bc. Nng sut l n nh t 25-30 tn l/ha
- Ging du VH1: Nng sut n nh vi trn 35 tn l/ha
f) Ging du VH9
L ging mi lai to, l to, dy, mu xanh m, gi nc tt, thch ng
c vi nhiu loi t trng k c vng i, trung du, Ty Nguyn v vng b
nhim mn. Cho nng xut l kh cao c bit l v thu, nng sut ti a c th
ti 50 tn/ha.
g) Ging du Sa nh lun
L ging du mi nhp t Trung Quc, hin nay c trng nhiu ti Sn
La, Lm ng, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh v ng Nam B. Nng sut rt cao t
trn 35 tn/ha.
2.1.2. Tnh hnh trng trt v s dng l du mt s tnh ca Vit Nam hin nay
Vit Nam l nc giu truyn thng vi ngh trng du nui tm, tuy
cng c nguy c thu nh dn do ngi dn khng khng th duy tr thu nhp n
nh t ngh ny nhng vi chin lc pht trin ca nh nc nhng nm gn
y v nhng nm ti trong c nh hng thc y s pht trin ngnh du
tm t th trong tng lai sn lng l du tm ca Vt Nam s rt di do.
Theo s liu thng k nm 2008 ca Cc Trng trt - B Nng nghip v Pht
trin nng thn th c th thy l cy du tm c trng trn hu khp cc min
ca t nc ta, t min Bc, min Trung n min Nam, trong sn lng tp
trung ch yu ti min Bc, min Trung v Ty Nguyn vi din tch trn 16
nghn ha.
TT
T l (%)
4.597
26,04
II
ng Bc
726
4,11
III
Ty Bc
386
2,19
IV
Bc Trung B
2.999
16,99
1.388
7,86
VI
Ty Nguyn
7.137
40,43
VII
ng Nam B
410
2,32
10
0,06
17.653
100,00
Hm lng
Protein (%)
32,8
Cht bo (%)
2,56
Cht x (%)
52,9
ng ha tan (%)
9,6
20,96
Vitamin B1 (mg/100g)
0,59
Caroten (mg/100g)
7,4
Chlorophyl (%)
0,01
Alkaloid (%)
0,42
Amyloza (%)
1,86
Sterol (%)
0,05
DNJ (%)
0,1
Fkavibe (%)
3,3
STT
Hp cht alkaloid
HL trong l du (%)
DNJ
0,32
61,54
-sitosterol
0,046
8,07
Stigmasterol
0,004
0,07
Cc hp cht khc
0,2
30,69
TS (%)
10
11
12
13
lng ln cc thnh phn dinh dng v cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc, nht l
hot cht c kh nng lm gim lng ng mu, huyt p, m mu v duy tr
lo ha. c bit trong s l hot cht DNJ mt alkaloid m trong cc loi
thc vt v ng vt khc khng c, n c chc nng ch ng s tng ng
mu v phng nga bnh tiu ng.
Bng 2.4. Thnh phn dc tnh ca l du
Cc cht c dc tnh
Cht chnh
Alkaloid
DNJ
Gim ng mu
Steroid
- -sitosterol
Gim m mu
- stigmasterol
Axit -amino
Axit -amino
Butyric (GABA)
Butyric (GABA)
Nhm izoflavon
- Izoquercitrin
Gim huyt p
Chng oxy ha v lo ha
- quercitrin
15
Phng php ngm kit: y l phng php chit xut bng cch cho
dung mi chy rt chm qua khi nguyn liu ng trong mt dng c c bit
gi l bnh ngm kit. Qu trnh chit xut khng c khuy trn. Trong phng
php ny nguyn liu cn kh v c mn thch hp. Sau lm m nguyn
liu bng cch cho chng ht m t dung mi ui ht khng kh trong
nguyn liu. Nguyn liu sau ht m c cho vo bnh dn u sau kho
bnh ri rt dung mi ngp nguyn liu, ngm trong khong thi gian nht
nh. M kho cho dch chit chy tng git vo bnh hng. Ch dung mi
ngp nguyn liu 2 3 cm.
2.2.2. Chn dung mi chit xut l du
Cc alkaloid c th c chit sut t nguyn liu di dng mui hoc
dng baz. Trong chit xut alkaloid t nguyn liu di dng mui s dng
cc dung dch axit hoc cc dung mi phn cc axit ho, cn chit xut
alkaloid t nguyn liu di dng baz s dng cc dung mi hu c sau khi
kim ho nguyn liu.
C th s dng mt trong ba phng php sau y chit xut alkaloid t
nguyn liu v loi bt nhng tp cht:
* Chit xut alkaloid bng dung mi hu c mi trng kim
Gm c hai bc:
Bc 1 Chit xut: Trc khi chit xut tin hnh kim ho nguyn liu
bng dung dch kim chuyn cc alkaloid dng mui sang dng baz (cc
alkaloid tn ti trong thc vt di dng baz v dng mui). Sau khi kim ho,
tin hnh chit xut alkaloid bng dung mi h c (thng dng chloroform,
dietylether, cn). Thu hi dung mi, thu c alkaloid ton phn.
Bc 2 Tinh ch: Chuyn cc alkaloid dng baz sang dng mui bng
cch ho tan alkaloid ton phn bng cc dung dch axit long nh axit sunfuric,
axit hydrochloric 5-10%. Lc ly dung dch axit. Kim ho dung dch axit
chuyn cc alkaloid t dng mui sang dng baz. lng, lc, thu c kt ta
alkaloid ton phn th.
16
17
2.3. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th cc loi thc phm chc nng cha bnh
tiu ng trn th gii v Vit Nam hin nay
2.3.1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th cc loi thc phm chc nng cha
bnh tiu ng trn th gii
Bnh tiu ng l mt bnh nguy him, lm tng nguy c mc cc chng
bnh v tim, thn, thn kinh, m la, vt thng chm lnh, d nhim bnh.... S
ngi mc bnh tiu ng trn ton cu ang ngy cng gia tng.
Hin nay,
18
19
21
24
25
Trn c s kho st, ta la chn 4 ging c nng sut v din tch trng
ln, phn tch xc nh ging c hm lng DNJ cao.
V gi: Tin hnh xc nh cc gi khc nhau t l non (l 1 4 t nn
tr xung) thun thc (t l th 5 ti l th 9) l gi (t l th 9 xung gc)
Th nghim1: Nghin cu nh hng ca trng thi nguyn liu n s thay i
hm lng DNJ
Tin hnh phn tch cht lng ca l du sau khi thu hi hai trng thi
CT1: L du ti
CT2: L du kh, m 10%
Bo qun l du iu kin thng trong khong thi gian t 1-10 ngy.
Sau , xc nh hm lng alkaloid TS trong l du trong khong thi gian bo
qun, kim tra 2 ngy/ln.
Th nghim 2: Xc nh phng php lm kh thch hp
Tin hnh lm kh l du sau thu hi bng 3 phng php
CT1: Phi nng
CT2: Sy i lu nhit 60-70oC
CT3: Sy lnh n m n khi l du c m 10%
Sau l du kh c ng trong bao b PE buc kn v bo qun trong
iu kin thng.
Tip tc theo di s thay i hm lng alkaloid TS trong l du kh 3
phng php trong thi gian bo qun 3 thng, kim tra 1tun/ln.
Cc ch tiu kim tra hm lng alkaloid tng s
Ni dung 2: Nghin cu quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bt l du tm giu DNJ
Th nghim 1: Nghin cu xc nh phng php trch ly thch hp
Phng php: L du xay nh sau khi x l enzim cc iu kin thch hp (c
c t th nghim 1) tip tc c kho st hiu sut trch ly bng 3 phng
php trch ly ph bin p dng vi vic chit dc liu, gm 3 cng thc TN
26
27
T l bt l du
kh(%)
T l bt chit
(%)
98
96
94
92
90
88
86
84
82
80
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
29
Hm lng DNJ
(mg/ti 3g)
7.5
8.4
9.4
9.8
11.4
12.3
13.3
14.3
15.2
16.2
CT1
4.0
CT2
4,5
CT3
5.0
CT4
5.5
CT5
6.0
CT6
6.5
CT7
7.0
CT8
7.5
CT9
8.0
CT10
8.5
CT11
9.0
CT12
9.5
CT13
10
30
31
L non
0,48
L bnh t
0,46
L gi
0,23
5%LSD
0,002
CV%
0,3
Ngy
0 ngy
2 ngy
4 ngy
6 ngy
8 ngy
10 ngy
L du ti (10g)
Khi lng
m
alkaloid ton phn
(%)
(g)
0.074
70.62
0.137
46.59
0.165
33.24
0.197
19.06
0.213
14.48
0.220
12.44
32
L du kh (10g)
Khi lng
m
alkaloid ton phn
(%)
(g)
0.227
10.23
0.226
10.23
0.224
10.46
0.22
10.58
0.221
10.72
0.220
10.89
Da trn bng 4.2, chng ti nhn thy, khi lng alkaloid TS trong l du
ti sau thu hi c s bin ng mnh trong 10 ngy theo di. iu kin
thng, c th thi gian bo qun cng di th m cng gim v hm lng
alkaloid tng ln c th thy m ca l du t l nghch vi hm lng
alkaloid. iu ny chng t hm lng alkaloid t b bin ng.
Trong 10 ngy theo di th khi lng alkaloid lin tc tng. Nguyn
nhn l do bo qun iu kin thng, l du ti b mt nc dn ti gim
hm lng nc. n ngy th 10 th l du ti c kh dn tng ng
vi l du c lm kh ti m 10%.
Khi l du c lm kh chng ta cng d bo qun hn do hm m
thm vi sinh vt kh pht trin, khi lng l nh hn d dng ct gi trong cc
kho cha. Mt khc, trong thc t khng th s dng nguyn liu ti lm
nguyn liu cho c qu trnh sn xut v nguyn liu ti c thi v nht nh,
nu mun gi c trng thi ti trong thi gian di phi c ch bo qun,
gy tn km m cht lng vn gim.
Nh vy, chng ti thy cn sy kh l du bo qun nguyn liu n
gin v lu di.
4.1.3. Xc nh phng php lm kh nguyn liu thch hp
C rt nhiu phng php sy kh, trong khun kh ti v kh nng
thc hin chng ti la chn ba phng php l: Phi nng, sy i lu nhit
60 700C v sy lnh a nguyn liu v m 10%.
33
0,250
0,200
0,150
0,100
0,050
0,000
1
10
11
12
13
Sy i lu
Lanh ng
34
CT2
CT3
67.55
72.25
85.17
0,017b
0,018ab
0.019a
CV (%)
4.605
4.605
4.605
CV (%)
Cng thc
Hiu sut thu hi
alkaloid (%)
Cng thc
Hiu sut thu hi
alkaloid (%)
35
36
Hm lng
alkaloid(%)
DNJ(%)
CT1
75,18
0.015de
2,977
CT2
83,99
0.016dc
2,977
CT3
86,64
0.016bc
2,977
CT4
72,54
0.014e
2,977
CT5
80,47
0.017ab
2,977
CT6
83,41
0.017ab
2,977
CT7
85,16
0.018a
2,977
CT8
87,81
0.018a
2,977
ng thc
CV(%)
38
CT1
CT2
CT3
CT4
80,76
81.35
81,64
82,23
Hm lng DNJ(%)
0,017a
0,017a
0,017a
0,018a
CV(%)
3,707
3,707
3,707
3,707
Qua bng 4.5, chng ti thy khi nng nhit chit xut ln 65 700C
hoc 85 900C th hm lng alkaloid TS ch tng nh. Nh vy vic tng nhit
chit xut hu nh khng lm tng thm s trch ly alkaloid, thm vo gia
nhit s lm tng chi ph sn xut ln ng k.
Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Kimura v cc cng s khi tin hnh tch
chit v thu nhn hp cht DNJ c nng cao 0,3-0,5% kt lun nhit
trch ly ti u nht l 32oC [15]. Theo nghin cu ca Nitra (2007) khi so snh
hm lng DNJ cc gi ca nguyn liu tin hnh nhit 28oC [16].
Nh vy qu trnh chit alkaloid t l du ch nn tin hnh 25 30oC
(nhit phng) l thch hp.
4.2.3.2. Nghin cu xc nh t l dung mi/ bt l du thch hp
Sau khi chn c dung mi thch hp l cn 30%V axit ho bng 1%
axit axetic v nhit chit thch hp l 25oC 30oC chng ti tin hnh kho
st nh hng ca t l dung mi/nguyn liu. Vi vic la chn kch thc
nguyn liu l du c xay th qua ry c ng knh 1mm, chng ti thy cn
t l dung mi/nguyn liu ti thiu l 8:1 n 16:1 ngp nguyn liu, thun
li cho qu trnh chit tch sau ny. V vy chng ti kho st vic chit tch
hm lng alkaloid TS cc t l dung mi/nguyn liu l 6:1, 8:1, 10:1 v 12:1.
39
sut
thu
hi
alkaloid(%)
Hm
DNJ(%)
CV(%)
lng
CT1
CT2
CT3
54,85
65,15
80,61
0,014c
0,015bc
0,018ab
3,707
3,707
3,707
T bng 4.6, chng ti thy rng khi tng t l dung mi so vi nguyn liu
th hm lng alkaloid tng s thu c c tng ln.
Khi s dng t l dung mi/ bt l du l 10:1 th hiu sut chit tng ln
ng k so vi t l dung mi 6:1 v 8:1, nhng khi tng n t l 12:1,th hm
lng alkaloid n nh, khng tng thm so vi t l 10:1.
Mt khc t l ny hm lng alkaloid TS thu c trong qu trnh chit
tng thm khng nhiu m phi tn thm gp 1,52 ln lng dung mi, sn
phm li c nguy c ln thm tp cht, ngoi ra li tiu tn nng lng c c
dch chit cho nn tnh v ngha kinh t l khng c li.
Nh vy, khi dng l du c xay th qua ry c ng knh 1mm
trch ly th nn dng t l dung mi/nguyn liu l 10:1 l tt nht, cn nu nh
dng cc loi bt l du c kch thc nghin th hn th c th tng thm lng
dung mi m bo ton b nguyn liu c ngp trong dung mi.
4.2.3.3. Nghin cu xc nh thi gian trch ly thch hp
T cc kt qu nghin cu phn trn, chng ti thy rng vic chit xut
alkaloid TS v DNJ mi ln trong 24 gi cho kt qu rt tt . Tuy nhin
kim tra xem thu c hm lng alkaloid TS cao th cn thit phi tin hnh
40
CT1
CT2
CT3
CT4
CT5
61,97
68,43
76,36
80,47
80,76
0,013c
0,014bc
0,015b
0,018a
0,018a
Cv(%)
3,707
T bng 4.7 cho thy nu ch chit 4h/ln chit hay 10h/ln chit th cha
th chit c ti a lng alkaloid c trong l du.
Do vy thu c hm lng akaloid TS ti a c trong l du th cn
thit phi . Kt qu cho thy mun tng hm lng DNJ v alkaloid thu c
trong l du th khi chit xut cn thit phi ko di thm thi gian trong mt ln
chit. T kt qu thu c nhn thy thi gian cho mt ln chit ko di 24h l
hp l v cng thu c hiu sut chit cao nht.
4.2.4. Nghin cu xc nh s ln trch ly thch hp
Sau khi la chn c thi gian trch ly l 24h/ln chit, chng ti tip tc
tin hnh nghin cu xc nh c s ln trch ly thch hp
Kt qu nh gi hm lng alkaloid TS v DNJ c trong qu trnh chit
c ch ra trong bng 4.8
41
CT1
CT2
CT3
CT4
62,26
80,47
80,76
81,06
0,014b
0,017a
0,018a
0,018a
3,707
3,707
3,707
3,707
42
tm hiu v cc loi cht mang thng c hay s dng trong cng ngh sy
phun bt sa, bt tri cy, bt dinh dng, chng ti quyt nh tin hnh trn
ba loi cht mang: isomalt, maltodextrin, tinh bt bin tnh vi nng kho st
ln lt l 5, 6, 7%.
Hnh 4.2. th biu din nh hng ca cht mang v nng cht mang
ti hm lng DNJ c trong bt sy phun
Sau khi sy, chng ti nhn thy khi s dng isomalt v tinh bt bin tnh
sn phm thu c trng thi keo, mu nu cnh gin, hiu sut thu hi bt
thp, hm lng DNJ thp. Cn sn phm thu c khi s dng maltodextrin c
mu vng ti, sn phm thu c trng thi mn, ti, c hiu sut thu hi bt
v hm lng DNJ cao. Tuy nhin trong ba nng maltodextrin s dng th
nng 6% cho sn phm bt c mu vng ti, mi thm d chu, hiu sut
thu hi bt cao hn khi s dng nng 7%. Do , chng ti quyt nh la
chn cht mang maltodextrin nng 6% b sung vo dch chit ri tin
hnh sy phun.
44
115
125
135
145
155
165
Nhit (oC)
m sn phm(W%)
5,80
5,50
5,20
4,90
4,60
4,30
4,00
3,70
3,40
105
115
125
135
145
155
165
Nhit (oC)
360
396
432
468
504
540
46
m sn phm (%)
5,7
5,2
4,7
4,2
3,7
3,2
2,7
2,2
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
47
Nhn xt cm quan
bnh
CT1
4.2
CT2
4.3
CT3
Mu nht, hi cht
5.5
CT4
Mu nht, hi cht
7.3
CT5
7.5
CT6
Mu m, hi snh
5.2
CT7
Mu nu m, hi snh
CT8
Mu nu m, hi snh
4.5
CT9
Mu nu m, hi snh
4.5
CT10
Mu nu m, hi snh
4.2
48
Nhn xt cm quan
im cm quan trung
bnh
CT1
5.5
CT2
5.7
CT3
6.7
CT4
7.3
CT5
7.5
CT6
8.2
CT7
8.0
CT8
6.5
CT9
Ngt m
6.2
CT10
Ngt m
CT11
Ngt qu
5.5
CT12
Ngt qu
5.5
CT13
Ngt qu
5.5
49
Thu hi dung mi
Chit 2 ln
Lc
Tp cht
C c
Lc
Maltodextrin
Sy phun
Bt l du
Phi ch
Tr
50
Tp cht
51
52
53
of
1-deoxynorimycin
in
mulberry
leaves
using
liqid
54
LI CAM OAN
LI CM N
ii
MC LC
Phn 1. M U ................................................................................................ 1
1.1. t vn ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Mc ch yu cu ........................................................................................... 2
1.2.1. Mc ch ...................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2. Yu cu ........................................................................................................ 2
Phn 2. TNG QUAN TI LIU ..................................................................... 3
2.1. Tng quan v cy du tm ............................................................................. 3
2.1.1. Ngun gc, phn loi v c im hnh thi ca cy du ........................... 3
2.1.1.1. Ngun gc, phn loi ............................................................................... 3
2.1.1.2. Mt s ging du chnh c trng Vit Nam ..................................... 4
2.1.2. Tnh hnh trng trt v s dng l du mt s tnh ca Vit Nam hin nay .. 5
2.1.3. c im, thnh phn ho hc ca l du ................................................... 6
2.1.3.1. Flavon v flavon glycozit ......................................................................... 7
2.1.3.2. Steroit ....................................................................................................... 7
2.1.3.3. Cc cht bay hi ....................................................................................... 7
2.1.3.4. Saccarit v cc axit amin ......................................................................... 7
2.1.3.6. Cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc ................................................................. 7
2.1.4. Alkaloid trong l du tm............................................................................ 8
2.1.4.1. Khi nim ................................................................................................ 8
2.1.4.2. Tnh cht ca alkaloid ............................................................................. 8
2.1.4.3. Cc alkaloid c trong l du tm ........................................................... 10
2.1.5. Hp cht DNJ trong l du tm................................................................. 11
2.1.5.1. Bn cht v cu trc ho hc.................................................................. 11
2.1.5.2. Tc dng v c ch lm gim ng huyt ca DNJ ............................ 12
2.1.6. Mt s cng dng ca l du..................................................................... 13
2.2. Cc phng php tch chit cc hp cht alkakoid trong l du ................. 14
2.2.1. Phng php v iu kin chit xut l du ............................................. 14
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iv
DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1. Din tch du tm chia theo vng sinh thi .......................................... 6
Bng 2. 2. Thnh phn ha hc chnh ca l du (% cht kh) ............................ 8
Bng 2.3. Thnh phn cc cht alkaloid c trong l du tm ............................. 10
Bng 2.4. Thnh phn dc tnh ca l du ........................................................ 14
Bng 4.1. nh hng ca gi thu hi n hm lng alkaloid TS trong l du Qu ...... 32
Bng 4.2. S bin i hm lng alkaloid ca l du ti v l du kh trong 10
ngy theo di ....................................................................................................... 32
Bng 4.3. nh hng ca cc phng php trch ly n hm lng alkaloid c
trong l du .......................................................................................................... 35
Bng 4.4. nh hng ca loi v nng dung mi n hm lng alkaloid TS
v DNJ thu c trong l du ............................................................................. 37
Bng 4.5. nh hng ca nhit chit xut n hm lng alkaloid TS v DNJ
thu c trong l du........................................................................................... 39
Bng 4.6. nh hng ca t l dung mi n hm lng alkaloid TS v DNJ thu
c t l du ...................................................................................................... 40
Bng 4.7. nh hng thi gian chit n hm lng alkaloid TS v DNJ thu
c trong l du ................................................................................................. 41
Bng 4.8. nh hng s ln trch ly n hm lng alkaloid TS v DNJ thu
c trong l du ................................................................................................. 42
Bng 4.9. Kt qu cm quan khi phi ch bt l du kh v bt chit l du .... 48
Bng 4.10. Kt qu cm quan khi phi ch tr v ng Isomalt ...................... 49
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DANH MC HNH
Hnh2.1. Cy du tm ............................................................................................ 3
Hnh 2.2. Cu trc ha hc ca hp cht DNJ .................................................... 11
Hnh 2.3. Mt s sn phm cho ngi bnh tiu ng ..................................... 20
Hnh 4.1. thi s bin i hm lng alkaloid TS qua 1 thng theo di ca l
du kh ................................................................................................................ 34
Hnh 4.2. th biu din nh hng ca cht mang v nng cht mang ti
hm lng DNJ c trong bt sy phun ............................................................... 44
Hnh 4.3. th biu din nh hng ca nhit khng kh u vo n hiu
sut thu hi DNJ ca qu trnh sy phun ............................................................ 45
Hnh 4.4. th biu din nh hng ca nhit khng kh u vo n m
sn phm .............................................................................................................. 45
Hnh 4.5. th biu din nh hng ca lu lng nhp liu n hiu sut thu
hi DNJ................................................................................................................ 46
Hnh 4.6. th biu din nh hng ca lu lng nhp liu n m sn
phm .................................................................................................................... 47
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