TN May Dien

DAI HOC DA NNG
TRUO NG DAI HOC BA CH KHOA

KHOA DIN
B MN : IN CNG NGHIP

Tai liu huong dn thi nghim
MAY IN

Ho va tn sinh vin: ................................................
Lp : ............... Ngay TN : .......................................
Th nghim cung nhom vi cac sinh vin:
1. .....................................................
2. .....................................................
3. .....................................................
4. .....................................................
5. .....................................................

Thy giao hng dn: ............................................

Nm 2005

Hng dn th nghim - Phn hng dn s dung Trang 1

LI NOI U

Ging dy trn c s cng ngh my tnh ngy cng c p dng rng ri trong lnh
vc gio dc va vic ng dung sn phm LVSIM vao th nghim l tip cn vi cng ngh
ny.
H thng thu thp v qun l d liu Lab-Volt (LVDAM), mt thnh vin ca h
LVSIM l mt thit b hon chnh chy trn cc my tnh IBM 386 tng thch tr ln trong
mi trng h iu hnh Microsoft Windows. Cc Thit b o (Vn mt, Ampe mt, Wot
mt, Oscilloscope v b phn tch pha) cho php ngi hng dn kh nng din gii d dng
cc khi nim lin quan ti in nng m cho ti nay ch c th th hin bng sch v truyn
thng v cc hnh v.
H thng LVDAM dng mt mdun giao din thu thp d liu quen thuc Data
Acquisition Interface (DAI) kt ni cc mdun ca h thng in c Lab-Volt vi mt my
tnh PC. Phn mm chuyn dng chuyn d liu ca mdun DAI ti cc thit b o cho php
o cc i lng chun nh in p, dng in, cng sut v cc thng s in khc. Hn na,
h thng cn c nhiu kh nng sn c khc nh quan st dng sng, phn tch pha, lu tr d
liu v kh nng th hin cc th cng nh chc nng lp trnh, c phn mm hng dn s
dng i km.

H thng in c dng thit b th nghim o (EMS VLE), mt thnh vin khc ca h
LVSIM, l mt phn mm m phng chnh xc h thng in c Lab-Volt (EMS). Cng nh
h thng LVDAM, EMS VLE chy trn cc my tnh IBM 386 tng thch tr ln trong mi
trng iu hnh Microsoft Winodows.
Mi trng lm vic EMS VLE trn mn hnh my tnh l mt phng th nghim
ging nh mt h thng EMS thc. Cc mdun tng ng nh trong h thng EMS c th
c ci t trong phng th nghim EMS VLE v kt ni chng l cc dy dn to thnh
mch. Ging nh trong h thng EMS, kch thch hot ng v p ng ca cc mch in
c m phng trong phng th nghim EMS VLE c th quan st trn cc thit b o in
p, dng in, tc v mmen.
Tai liu hng dn th nghim nay bao gm cac phn chnh sau :
Phn I : Hng dn s dung phn mm th nghim Lab-Volt.
Phn II : Cac bai th nghim May in I va II.
Tai liu nay do Trn Vn Chnh, Nguyn Hng Anh, Nguyn Xun Hoa, Bui Tn Li,
L Vn Quyn, Nguyn Vn Tn nhom chuyn mn in Cng Nghip vit da trn c s
cua tai liu th nghim Lab-Volt. Trong qua trnh bin soan co th con thiu sot, nhom
chuyn mn in Cng Nghip mong nhn c s ong gop y kin cua ng ao ban oc.
Cac y kin nhn xet xin gi v nhom chuyn mn in Cng Nghip - Khoa in - Trng
ai hoc Bach Khoa.
Chung ti xin chn thanh cam n.
Nhom chuyn mn Din Cng Nghip

Phn I : Hng dn s dung phn mm
th nghim Lab -Volt

Huong dn su dung phn mm thi nghim Lab-Volt .

Hinh 1-1 : Cua s lam vic Windows 98

Ta co th khi ng phn mm Lab-Volt bng cach nhp up chut vao nut biu
tng Metering trn man hnh Windows hoc t menu Start Windows se xut hin ln ca
s lam vic chnh nh hnh 1-2 .
1. Gioi thiu cua s lam vic chinh Metering :

1.1. Chuc nng cac cng cu :

1.1.1. Open : Khi nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep m file cha d liu.
1.1.2. Save : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep lu cac thng s o
c khi tin hanh th nghim vao file d liu. Nu cha co tn th t tn cho file
1.1.3. Print : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay dung in .
1.1.4. Record Data (ghi du liu) : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep
ta ghi d liu ang o ac vao bang s liu (Data Table ) va hin th s ln o.
1.1.5. Data Table (bang s liu ) : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay se hin
th bang s liu a o .
1.1.6. Graph : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay ta m ca s Graph .
1.1.7. Oscilloscope : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay ta m ca s
Oscilloscope
1.1.8. Phasor Analyzer : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay ta m ca s
Phasor
1.1.9. Meter Setting : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay ta m ca s
Meter Setting


Hinh 1-2 : Cua s lam vic chinh.
1.2. Chuc nng cac dung cu do luong :

1.2.1. Cac Volt k E : dung o in ap. Chung co cac tnh nng sau :
a. Ch d do : Ta co hai ch o AC hoc DC va co th thay i bng cach
nhp chut vao nut biu tng AC hoc DC trn ca s o.
b. Ch d hin thj : Ta co hai ch hin th Analog va Digital. Khi mun
thay i ch hin th ta nhp chut vao nut khung hin th th no se chuyn ch .
Khi mun o th ta phai nhp chut vao nut biu tng E trn ca s o lng .
1.2.2. Cac Ampe k I : dung o dong in . Chung co cac tnh nng sau :
a. Ch d do : Ta co hai ch o AC hoc DC va co th thay i bng cach
nhp chut vao nut biu tng AC hoc DC trn ca s o.
Khi mun o th ta phai nhp chut vao nut biu tng I .
1.2.3. Dng h do cng sut PQS : Cac ng h nay dung o cng sut cua cac
thit b khi tin hanh th nghim . Chung co cac tnh nng sau :
a. Ch d do : Co 3 ch o, o P hoc Q hoc S. Khi mun o P hoc Q
hoc S th ta click ln trn biu tng chon ch o phu hp.
Open Save Print
Record Data Table Graph Oscilloscop Phasor

1.2.4. Dng h do mmen T : ng h nay dung o momen cua ng c khi tin
hanh th nghim . Chung co cac tnh nng sau :
a. Ch d do : Co 2 ch o N hoc NC. Khi mun o N hoc NC th ta nhp ln
trn biu tng chon ch o phu hp.
b. Ch d hin thj : Ta co hai ch hin th Analog va Digital. Khi mun thay i
ch hin th ta nhp chut vao nut khung hin th th no se chuyn ch .
1.2.5. Dng h do tc d N : ng h nay dung o tc n cua ng c khi th
nghim. Chung co cac tnh nng sau :
Ch d hin thj : Ta co hai ch hin th Analog va Digital. Khi mun thay i
ch hin th ta nhp chut vao nut khung hin th th no se chuyn ch .
1.2.6. Cua s lp trinh A, B, C : Cho phep ta tin hanh lp trnh trn ca s nay.
Khi tin hanh th nghim tuy theo tng yu cu cua bai th nghim ta tin hanh m cac
cua s o lng hay cac ca s chc nng khac.

2. Gioi thiu cua s lam vic Data Table.

Khi mun xem cac d liu a tin hanh th nghim ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng
Data Table trn ca s lam vic chnh se xut hin ca s lam vic nh hnh 1-3 :

Hinh 1-3 : Cua s lam vic Data Table

2.1. Chuc nng cua cac cng cu :
Insert Line Delete Line Clear all Data Metering

2.1.1. Insert Line (Chen hang ) : Khi nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho
phep ta chen thm mt hang vao trong bang d liu
2.1.2. Delete Line ( Xoa hang ) : Khi nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho
phep ta xoa mt hang trong bang d liu.
2.1.3. Clear all Data : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu twng nay cho phep ta
xoa tt ca s liu trong bang d liu .
2.1.4. Metering : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta quay tr
v ca s lam vic chnh.
2.2. Huong dn su dung :
2.1.1. Khi chung ta mun thm mt hang vao tr c mt hang nao trong bang s
liu ta anh du hang o va sau o click biu tng Insert Line. Sau o nhp cac s liu vao
tng s liu cua hang o.
2.2.2. Khi chung ta mun xoa mt hang vao trc mt hang nao trong bang s
liu ta anh du hang o va sau o click cac biu tng Delete Line.
2.2.3. Khi chung ta mun xoa bang s liu ta click cac biu tng Clear all
Data.
2.2.4. Khi chung lam vic xong vi ca s Data table mun quay tr lai vi ca
s lam vic chnh ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng Metering.
3. Gioi thiu cua s lam vic Graph .

Hinh 1- 4 : Cua s lam vic Graph.
Line
G
Scatter Graph Metering

Khi ta mun biu din cac ng c tnh ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng Graph trn
ca s lam vic chnh se xut hin ca s lam vic nh hnh ve 1-4 .

3.1. Chuc nng cua cac cng cu :

3.1.1. Line graph : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta chon
biu din cac ng c tnh di dang ng .
3.1.2. Scatter Graph : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta
chon biu din cac ng c tnh di dang im.
3.1.3. Metering : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta quay tr
v ca s lam vic chnh.
3.1.4. Y-axis : Ct nay cho phep ta chon cac ai lng biu din trn truc tung .
Ta co th chon nhiu ai lng cung luc.
3.1.5. X-axis : Ct nay cho phep ta chon ai lng biu din trn truc hoanh. Ta
ch co th chon duy nht mt ai lng.

Hinh 1- 5 : Cua s lam vic Oscilloscope

Trc tin chung ta phai xac nh mi quan h gia cac ai lng trong c tnh. Ta
chon trn ct Y-axis va X-axis cac ai lng cn biu din. Sau o ta chon dang biu din va
kch chut vao biu tng o biu din.

Khi chung lam vic xong vi ca s Graph mun quay tr lai vi ca s lam vic
chnh ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng Metering.
4. Gioi thiu cua s lam vic Oscilloscope :
Khi chung ta mun hin th cac dang song cua cac ai lng E, I khi th nghim
th ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng Oscilloscope trn ca s lam vic chnh se xut
hin ca s lam vic Oscilloscope nhu hinh 1-5 :
4.1. Gioi thiu cac cua s con :
4.1.1. Cua s Channel : Cac ca s nay la cac ngo vao cua tn hiu ngoai. No
co cac chc nng sau :
a. Input : Biu tng nay cho phep ta la chon tn hiu u vao cua
Oscilloscope.
b. Thanh cu n : Cho phep ta thay i bin cua cac tn hiu u vao.
c. DC Coupling : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta hin
th dang song DC
d. AC Coupling : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta hin
th dang song AC
e. Gn Coupling : Khi ta nh p chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep ta hin
th dang song Gnd
4.1.2 Time Base : Hin th gia tr rng cua mt ngang trn man hnh co gia
tr la s/div. Ta co th thay i gia tr ln cua no bng thanh cun.
4.1.3 Refresh : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho phep hin th dang
song cua cac ai lng tai mt thi im nht nh.
4.1.4 Continuons Resresh : Khi ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng nay cho
phep ta hin th cac dang song lin tuc.
4.1.5 Wareform Data : Hin th bang thng s v bin va tn s cua cac gia
tr hin th dang so ng trn Oscilloscope.


Trc tin ta xac nh cac ai lng cn hin th dang song. Ta chon trn cac knh vao
Input cac ai lng cn hin th va chon bin thch hp cho cac ai lng.
Tip tuc ta chon gia tr ln Time Base va nhp chut vao nut biu tung Refresh
Continuons hoc Resresh hin th.
Khi lam vic xong vi ca s Oscilloscope mun quay tr lai vi ca s lam vic
chnh ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng Metering

5. Gioi thiu cua s lam vic Phasor Analyzer :

Khi mun hin th xem goc lch gia cac ai lng o lng ta nhp chut vao nu t
biu tng Phasor Analyzer.Trn ca s lam vic chnh xut hin man hnh lam vic Phasor
Analyzer nh hnh trn :
5.1. Gioi thiu cac cua s con :
5.1.1. Voltage: Cho phep ta chon cac pha cn biu din E
1
, E
2
, E
3 ,
, co th thay
i t l ln bin cua cac pha bng thanh cun.

5.1.2. Current : Cho phep ta chon cac dong cn biu din I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, co th thay
i t l ln bin cua cac dong bng thanh cun.
5.1.3. Reference Phasor : Cho phep ta chon mt ai lng lam gc trn mt
phng pha, cac ai lng khac so pha vi ai lng nay.
5.1.4. Phasor Data : Bang hin th gia tr bin va goc pha cua cac ai lng .

Hinh 1- 6 : Cua s lam vic Phasor Analyzer

Trc tin ta phai xac nh ai lng lam gc trn mt phng pha bng cach nhp vao
biu tng Source chon. Sau o ta xac nh cac ai lng cn biu din trn ca s con
Voltage va Current .
Khi lam vic xong vi ca s Phasor Analyzer mun quay tr lai vi ca s lam vic
chnh ta nhp chut vao nut biu tng Metering .

] \ [ ^

Th nghim May in Trang 9
BAI THI NGHIM S 1
MAY BIN AP BA PHA

I. MUC DICH VA YU C U THI NGHIM:
1. Muc dich:
- Tm hiu cu tao va nguyn ly lam vic cua may bin ap 3 pha.(t mba 3 pha).
- Xac nh cac thng s cua may bin ap 3 pha.
- Xac nh mt vai ng c tnh cua may bin ap.
2. Yu cu :
- Xem ky phn phu luc bit c cac thit b, cach ghep ni, cac t va thut ng
mi cn thit cho bai th nghim.
- Xem lai cac c im chnh cua mach in 3pha.
II. TOM TT LY THUY T
1. Nguyn |y |om v| c co bon M8A
Hnh 1.1 ve s nguyn ly cua mba mt pha hai dy qun. Dy qun 1 co W
1
vong
dy c ni vi ngun in ap xoay chiu u
1
, goi la dy qun s cp. Dy qun 2 co W
2
vong
dy cung cp in cho phu tai Z
t
, goi la dy qun th cp.
t in ap xoay chiu u
1
vao dy qun s, trong dy qun s se co dong i
1
. Trong loi
thep se co t thng moc vong vi ca hai dy qun goi la t thng chnh, t thng chnh cam
ng trong dy qun s s e
1
va trong dy qun th s e
2
. Khi mba co tai, trong dy qun
th se co dong in i
2
a ra tai vi in ap la u
2
.
Gia th in ap u
1
sin nn t thng cung bin thin sin va co dang:
t sin
m
=
S cam ng e
1
, e
2
sinh ra trong dy qun s cp va th cp mba la:
) 90 t sin( E 2 ) 90 t sin( N
dt
d
W e
0
1
0
m 1 1 1
= =
=
) 90 t sin( E 2 ) 90 t sin( N
dt
d
W e
0
2
0
m 2 2 2
= =
=
trong o, E
1
, E
2
la tr s hiu dung cua s s cp va th cp, cho bi:
m 1 m 1
m 1
1
fN 44 , 4 fN 2
2
N
E = =

=
Hnh 1-1. Sc cc nguyen |y cuc
mLc mcI phc hci ccy ucn

u
2
u
1
i
1
i
2
Z
t

m 2 m 2
m 2
2
fN 44 , 4 fN 2
2
N
E = =

=
T s bin ap k cua mba:
2
1
2
1
N
N
E
E
k = =
Nu bo qua sut ap gy ra do in tr va t
thng tan cua dy qun th E
1
U
1
va E
2
U
2
k
N
N
E
E
U
U
2
1
2
1
2
1
= =

2. Fhuong trnh cn bng
Ngoai t thng chnh chay trong loi thep, trong mba cac st i
1
N
1
va i
2
N
2
con sinh ra t
thng tan
t1
va
t2
. T thng tan khng chay trong loi thep ma moc vong vi khng gian
khng phai vt liu st t nh du bin ap, vt liu cach in ... Vt liu ny co t thm be,
do o t thng tan nho hn rt nhiu so vi t thng chnh va t thng tan moc vong vi dy
qun sinh ra no. Cac t thng tan
t1
va
t2
bin thin theo thi gian nn cung cam ng trong
dy qun s cp s tan e
t1
va th cp s tan e
t2
, ma tr s tc thi la:
dt
d
dt
d
N e
1 t 1 t
1 1 t
= ;
dt
d
dt
d
N e
2 t 2 t
2 2 t
= .
Trong o: la t thng tan moc vong vi dy qun s cp;
1 t 1 1 t
N =
la t thng tan moc vong vi dy qun th cp.
2 t 2 2 t
N =
Do t thng tan moc vong th t l vi dong in sinh ra no :
;
1 1 t 1 t
i L =
2 2 t 2 t
i L =
Trong o: L
t1
va L
t2
la in cam tan cua dy qun s cp va th cp.
Ta co s tan sau khi th t thng moc vong vao:

dt
di
L e
t t
1
1 1
= ;
dt
di
L e
t t
2
2 2
=
Biu din s tan di dang phc s :

1 1 1 1 1
I jx I L j E
t t
& & &
= = ;
2 2 2 2 2
I jx I L j E
t t
& & &
= =
trong o: x
1
= L
t1
la in khang tan cua dy qun s cp,
x
2
= L
t2
la in khang tan cua dy qun th cp.
Phuong trinh cn bng din ap dy qun so cp va thu cp:
Xet mach in s cp gm ngun in ap u
1
, s e
1
, in tr dy qun s cp r
1
, s tan
s cp e
t1
. Mach in th cp gm s e
2
, in tr dy qun th cp r
2
, s tan th cp e
t2
, in
ap hai u cua dy qun th cp la u
2
. Ap dung nh lut Kirchhoff 2 ta co phng trnh in
ap s cp va th cp vit di dang tr s tc thi la:
u
1
+ e
1
+ e
t1
= r
1
i
1
; e
2
+ e
t2
= u
2
+ r
2
i
2
.
hoc u
1
= - e
1
- e
t1
+ r
1
i
1
: u
2
= e
2
+ e
t2
- r
2
i
2
.
Biu din di dang s phc va thay s tan vao cac phng trnh, ta co:

1 1 1 t 1 1
I r E E U
& & & &
+ =
1 1 1 1 1
I r I jx E
& & &
+ + =

2 2 2 t 2 2
I r E E U
& & & &
+ =
2 2 2 2 2
I r I jx E
& & &
=
Vy phng trnh in ap s cp va th cp vit di dang phc la:
(1-1)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I Z E I ) jx r ( E U
& & & & &
+ = + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
I Z E I ) jx r ( E U
& & & & &
= + =
trong o: Z
1
= r
1
+ jx
1
la tng tr phc cua dy qun s cp.
Z
2
= r
2
+ jx
2
la tng tr phc cua dy qun th cp.

1 1
I Z
&
la in ap ri trn dy qun s cp.
la in ap ri trn dy qun th cp.
2 2
I Z
&
Phuong trinh cn bng std
nh lut Ohm t ap dung vao mach t (hnh 1.1) cho ta:
W
1
i
1
+ W
2
i
2
= R
(1-2)
Thng nn t (1-1), ta co E
1 1 1
E I Z
& &
<<
1
U
1
. Vy t thng cc ai trong loi thep:

1
1
m
fN 44 , 4
U
=
y U
1
= U
1m
,tc la U
1
khng i, vy t thng
m
cung khng i. Do o v phai
cua (1-2) khng phu thuc dong i
1
va i
2
, ngha la khng phu thuc ch lam vic cua mba.
c bit trong ch khng tai, dong i
2
= 0 va i
1
= i
0
la dong in khng tai s cp. Ta suy ra:
N
1
i
1
+ N
2
i
2
= N
1
i
0

Hay:
0 1 2 2 1 1
I N I N I N
& & &
= +
Chia hai v cho W
1
va chuyn v, ta co:
) I ( I )
N
N
I ( I I
'
2 0
1
2
2 0 1
& & & & &
+ = + =
trong o:
k
I
I
' 2
2
&
&
= la dong in th cp qui i v pha s cp, con k =
2
1
N
N
.
Dong in gm hai thanh phn, thanh phn dong in khng i dung tao ra t
thng chnh trong loi thep mba, thanh phn dong in dung bu lai dong in th
cp , tc la cung cp cho tai.
1
I
&
0
I
&
2
I
&
2
I
&
Tom lai m hnh toan cua mba nh sau:
(1.3a)
1 1 1 1
I Z E U
& & &
+ =
(1.3b)
2 2 2 2
I Z E U
& & &
=
) I ( I I
'
2 0 1
& & &
+ = (1.3c)
3. Moch d|n thoy th M8A
c trng va tnh toan cac qua trnh nng lng xay ra trong mba, ngi ta thay
mach in va mach t cua mba bng mt mach in tng ng gm cac iin tr va in
khang c trng cho mba goi la mach in thay th mba.
Qui di cac dai luong thu cp v so cp.
Nhn phng trnh (1.3b) vi k, ta co:

k
I
) Z k (
k
I
) Z k ( E k U k
2
t
2 2
2
2
2 2
& &
& &
= =
t : ; ;
2
'
2
E k E
& &
=
2
'
2
U k U
& &
= k / I I
2
'
2
& &
=

; ;
2
2 '
2
Z k Z =
2
2 '
2
r k r =
2
2 '
2
x k x =
; ;
t
2 '
t
Z k Z =
t
2 '
t
r k r =
t
2 '
t
x k x =
Phng trnh (1.3b) vit lai thanh:

'
2
'
t
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
I Z I Z E U
& & & &
= =
Trong o: , , , , tng ng la s, in ap, dong in, tng tr dy qun va
tng tr tai th cp qui i v s cp.
'
2
E
&
'
2
U
&
'
2
I
&
'
2
Z
'
t
Z
Tom lai m hnh toan mba sau khi qui i la :

1 1 1 1
I Z E U
& & &
+ =

2
'
t
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
I Z I Z E U
& & & &
= =
) I ( I I
'
2 0 1
& & &
+ =
Mach din thay th cua mba.
Da vao h phng trnh qui i, ta suy ra mt mach in tng ng goi la mach in
thay th cua mba (hnh 1-2).
S la in ap ri trn
tng tr Z
1
E
&
m
, c trng cho t thng
chnh va tn hao st t. T thng
chnh do dong in khng tai sinh ra,
do o ta co th vit :
0 m 0 m m 1
I Z I ) jx r ( E
& & &
= + =
x
2
r
1
r
2
x
1
Z
t 1
U
&
1
E
&
r
m
x
m
'
2
I
&
'
2
U
&
1
I
&
o
I
&
Hnh 1-2 Mcch cien Ihcy Ihe mcy Lien cp
trong o: Z
m
= r
m
+ jx
m
la tng tr t hoa c trng cho mach t.
r
m
la in tr t hoa c trng cho tn hao st t. p
Fe
= r
m
2
0
I
x
m
la in khang t hoa c trng cho t thng chnh .
Mach din thay th don gian cua mba
Thng thng tng tr nhanh t hoa rt ln (Z
m
>> Z
1
va Z
2
), do o co th bo qua
nhanh t hoa (Z
m
= ) va thanh lp lai s thay th gn ung (Hnh 1.3).
1
U
&
r
n
x
n
'
2 1
I I
& &
=
'
2
U
&
Z
t
Hnh 1-3 Mcch cien Ihcy Ihe
ccn gicn cuc mLc

Khi bo qua tng tr nhanh t hoa, ta co:
Z
n
= Z
1
+ Z
2
= r
n
+ jx
n
(1.4)
Trong o: Z
n
= r
n
+ jx
n
la tng tr ngn mach cua mba;
r
n
= r
1
+ r
2
la in tr ngn mach cua mba; x
n
= x
1
+ x
2

la in khang ngn mach cua mba.
4. Ch d khng to| M8A
Ch khng tai mba la ch ma th cp h mach (I
2
= 0), con s cp c cung cp
bi mt in ap U
1
.

Phuong trinh va mach din thay th MBA khi khng tai.
Khi khng tai (Hnh 1.4) dong in th cp I
2
= 0, ta co phng trnh la:

1 0 1 1
Z I E U
& & &
+ =
hoc (1.5)
0 0 1 0 1
Z I ) Z Z ( I U
m
& & &
= + =
trong o: Z
0
= Z
1
+ Z
m
= r
0
+ jx
0
la tng tr khng cua tai mba.
Thi nghim khng tai MBA
Th nghim khng tai la xac nh h s bin ap k, tn hao st t trong loi thep p
Fe
, va
cac thng s cua mba ch khng tai.

r
1

S ni dy th nghim khng tai (hnh 1.4). t in ap U
1
= U
1m
vao dy qun s
cp, th cp h mach, cac dung cu o cho ta cac s liu sau: P
0
la cng sut tn hao khng tai;
I
0
la dong in khng tai; con U
1m

va U
20
la in ap s cp va th cp. T o ta tnh c:
a) H s bin ap k:
20
1
U
U
= k
m

b) Dong in khng tai phn trm : % 10 % 1 100
I
I
% i
dm 1
0
0
= =
c) Tn hao trong loi thep : p
Fe
= P
0
- r
1
I
0
2
P
0

d) Tng tr khng tai
+ in tr khng tai: r
0
= r
1
+ r
m
=
2
0
0
I
P

Do r
m
>> r
1
nn gn ung ly bng: r
m
= r
0
- r
1

+ Tng tr khng tai :
0
dm 1
0
I
U
Z =
+ in khang khng tai.
2
0
2
0 m 1 0
r z x x x = + =
in khang t hoa x
m
>> x
1
nn ly gn ung bng: x
m
= x
0

e) H s cng sut khng tai.:
0 dm 1
0
0
I U
P
cos =
x
2
r
2
x
1
V
W A
V
Hinh 1.4 S thay th mba khi khng tai va S ni dy th nghim khng tai

1
U
&

1
E
&

r
m
x
m
0 1
I I
& &
=
0
I
&

5. Ch d ngn moch M8A
Ch ngn mach mba la ch ma pha th cp b ni tt, s cp t vao mt in
ap. Trong vn hanh, nhiu nguyn nhn lam may bin ap b ngn mach nh hai dy dn pha
th cp chp vao nhau, ri xung t hoc ni vi nhau bng tng tr rt nho. y la tnh
trang s c.
Phuong trinh va mach din thay th mba khi ngn mach
Khi m.b.a ngn mach U
2
= 0, mach in thay th m.b.a ve trn hnh 1.5. Dong in s
cp la dong in ngn mach I
n
.
Phng trnh in ap cua mba ngn mach:

n n n n n n
Z I I ) jx r ( I U
& & & &
= + =
1
(1.6)
Thi nghim ngn mach.
Th nghim ngn mach la xac nh in ap ngn mach phn trm U
n
%, tn hao
ng nh mc P
m
, h s cng sut cos
n
, in tr ngn mach r
n
va in khang ngn mach x
n

cua mach in thay th mba. S th nghim ngn mach ve trn hnh 1.5.
Tin hanh th nghim nh sau: Dy qun th cp ni ngn mach, dy qun s cp ni vi
ngun qua b iu chnh in ap. Ta iu chnh in ap vao dy qun s cp bng U
n
sao cho
dong in trong cac dy qun bng nh mc. in ap U
n
goi la in ap ngn mach. Luc o
cac dung cu o cho ta cac s liu sau: U
n
la in ap ngn mach; P
n
la tn hao ngn mach; I
1m

va I
2m
la dong in s cp va th cp nh mc.

a) Tn hao ngn mach
1
U
&

r
n
x
n
n
I I
& &
=
1
Hinh 1.5 Mach in thay th m.b.a khi ngn mach va S th nghim ngn mach

A
W A
V
I
2m
I
1m
U
n
P
n
B
iu
chnh
in
ap

U
1
Luc th nghim ngn mach, in ap ngn mach U
n
nho nn t thng nho, co th bo qua
tn hao st t. Cng sut o c trong th nghim ngn mach P
n
chnh la tn hao trn in tr
hai dy qun khi mba lam vic ch nh mc. Ta co:
P
n
= r
1
I
2
1m
+ r
2
I
2
2m
= r
n
I
n
2

(1.7)
b) Tng tr, in tr va in khang ngn mach.
+ Tng tr ngn mach: Z
n
=
m 1
n
I
U
(1.8)
+ in tr ngn mach: r
n
= r
1
+ r
2
=
2
1m
I
P
n
(1.9)
+ in khang ngn mach: x
n
=
2 2
n n
r Z (1.10)
Trong m.b.a thng r
1
= r
2
va x
1
= x
2
. Vy in tr va in khang tan cua dy qun s cp:

r
1
= r
2
=
2
n
r
; x
1
= x
2
=
2
n
x

c) H s cng sut ngn mach :
m m 1
n
n
I U
P
cos =
d) in ap ngn mach
in ap ngn mach phn trm:
u
n
% = % 100
U
U
% 100
U
I Z
1
n
1
1 n
m m
m
= (1.11)
+ in ap ngn mach tac dung phn trm: u
nr
% = % 100
U
I r
1
1 n
m
m

+ in ap ngn mach phan khang phn trm: u
nx
% = % 100
U
I x
1
1 n
m
m

. Ch d co to| M8A
Ch co tai mba la ch ma dy qun s ni vi ngun in ap nh mc, dy qun
th cp ni vi tai. anh gia mc tai cua may, ta so sanh no vi tai nh mc va nh
ngha h s tai :

m m m m 2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
S
S
=
P
P
=
I
I
=
I
I
= (1.12)
Khi = 1: may co tai nh mc; < 1: may non tai; > 1: may qua tai.
D bin thin din ap thu cp mba va dc tinh ngoai.
a) bin thin in ap th cp
A
0
I
1
U
2
I
1
r
n
I
1
x
n
U
1dm
P
H
K
t
H.1.6 Xac nh U cua mba
B
(
n

)

C
(m)
Khi may bin ap mang tai, s thay tai dn n in
ap th cp U
2
thay i. bin thin in ap th cp
mba U
2
la hiu s s hoc gia tr s in ap th cp luc
khng tai U
2m
(iu kin U
1
= U
1m
) va luc co tai U
2
.
(1.12)
2 2
U U U
m
=
bin in ap th cp phn trm tnh nh sau:
100%
U
U U
% U
m
m
=
2
2 2
2

Nhn t va mu vi h s bin ap k, ta co:
100%
kU
kU kU
% U
m
m
=
2
2 2
2

100%
U
U U
% U
m
'
m
=
1
2 1
2
(1.13)
Xac nh U
2
% bng phng phap giai tch.

th vect cua mba ng vi mach in thay th gn n gian ve trn hnh 1.6. Trn thc
t goc lch pha gia va rt nho, tnh U
m
U
1
&
) U (
'
2
&
2
t A va C ha ng thng vung
goc xung 0B, ct 0B keo dai tai P va K, co th coi gn ung :
U
1m
= OA OP
U
1m
- U
2
BP = BK + KP
Tnh: BK = I
1
r
n
cos
2
= I
1m
r
n

m 1
1
I
I
cos
2
= U
nr
cos
2
(1.14a)
KP = I
1
x
n
sin
2
= I
1m
x
n

m 1
1
I
I
sin
2
= U
nx
sin
2
(1.14b)
Ly (1.14a) va (1.14b) thay vao (1.13), ta co:
100%
+
=
m 1
2 nx 2 nr
2
U
) sin U cos U (
% U

%) 100
sin
+
U
cos U
( = % U
2
1
2 nr
2
1m
nx
m
U
U
100%

U
2
% = (u
nr
%cos
2
+ u
nx
%sin
2
) (1.15)
T cng thc (1.15) cho thy bin thin in ap th cp U
2
phu thuc vao h s tai
va h s cng sut cos
2
. Gia thit h s cng sut cos
t
khng i th U
2
% = f(). Trn
hnh (1.7) ve quan h U
2
% = f() vi cac cos
2
khac nhau.
a) c tnh ngoai cua mba
ng c tnh ngoai cua may bin ap biu din mi quan h U
2
= f(I
2
), khi U
1
= U
1m
va
cos
2
= const c trnh bay trn hnh 1.8.
in ap th cp U
2
la:

= =
100
% U
1 U U U U
2
2 2 2 m 2m
(1.16)

0
1
I
2
Hinh.1.8 c tnh ngoai U
2
= f(I
2
)
cos
2
=0,8 (t. dung)
U
2
U
2m
cos
2
=0,8 (t. cam)
cos
2
=1
0,5
2
>0
cos
2
=0.8
cos
2
=0.8
k
t
U
2
%
0
2
<0
cos
2
=1
Hinh 1.7 Quan h U
2
= f()
cos
t=const
4
-4
2
-2
0,5 1

Da vao cng thc (1.16) ta ve ng c tnh ngoai vi cac tnh cht tai khac nhau.
T th ta thy, khi tai dung I
2
tng th U
2
tng con khi tai cam hoc tr I
2
tng th U
2
giam.
Tai cam U
2
giam nhiu hn.
Khi cung cp in cn phai am bao cht lng in ap, do o cn phai iu chnh
in ap th cp U
2
. iu chnh U
2
ta thay i s vong dy trong cun dy cao ap khoang
2 x 2,5%. Thng thay i s vong dy cua cun dy cao ap v o dong in nho nn vic
thay i s vong dy c d dang hn. Nhng mba co cng sut nho, vic thay i s vong
dy bng tay th phai ct mba ra khoi li in, con nhng mba co cng sut ln, thng vic
thay i s vong dy t ng khng ct mba ra khoi li in (dung b iu ap di tai)
2. Hiu sut may bin ap
Hiu sut cua mba :

+
=
= =
p P
p
1
P
p P
P
P
2 1
1
1
2
(1.17)
vi p = p
cu1
+ p
cu2
+ p
Fe

Ta da co phn truoc:
p
Fe
= P
0

2
n
2
'
m 2
'
2 2 '
m 2 n
2 '
2 n
2 '
2
'
2
2
1 1 2 Cu 1 Cu
P = )
I
I
( I r = I r = I r + I r = p + p
(1.18)

2 m 2
m 2
2
m 2 m 2 2 2 2 2
cos S = cos
I
I
I U = cos I U = P

(1.19)
Th (1.18) va (1.19) vao (1.17), ta co:

n
2
0 2 m
n
2
0
P + P + cos S
P + P
- 1 =

(1.20a)
hay
n
2
0 2 m
2
P + P + cos S
cos S
=

m
(1.20b)
Ta thy hiu sut mba la mt ham cua h s tai va h s cng sut =f(,cos
2
). Khi
cos
2
= const, hiu sut cua mba at cc ai
max
bng cach ao ham cua no theo h s tai
va cho bng khng, ta co:
0
dk
d
t
=

Sau khi tinh dao ham, tim duoc:
0 n
2
P = P
Nh vy hiu sut MBA cc ai khi tn hao ng bng tn hao st t.
n
0
P
P
= (1.21)
i vi m.b.a co cng sut trung bnh va ln, thng c thit k ch tao at hiu sut cc
ai khi:

25 . 0 2 . 0
P
P
n
0
=
.9

0.5

0 1
1
cos
2
=0.8
cos
2
=1
H.1.9 Quan h =f()
cos
2
= const
.8

Vy 5 . 0 45 . 0 =
III. CAC THIT BJ THI NGHIM :
Xem bang cac dung cu cn dung phu luc
C bit cac dung cu cn thit cho bai th nghim.
IV. NI DUNG THI NGHIM :
Thit lp thit bj :
Cai cac Module ngun in, giao din
thu thp d liu va may bin ap 3 pha trong h thng.
DAI LOW POWER INPUTS dc ni vi
ngun cung cp chnh, t cng tc ngun AC-24V v tr I (ON) va cap det cua may tnh
c ni vi DAI.
Tm hiu cu tao ghi cac s liu nh mc cua may bin ap th nghim.
Hin th ng dung Metering.
1. Do din tro mt chiu cua cac cun dy so cp va thu cp may bin ap.
+ S dung ngun cung cp la ngun in mt chiu (DC) iu chnh c t 0-220V.
+ Chon t File cu hnh ES19-1.cfg. Trn ca s Metering chuyn cac ca s o dong
in va in ap sang ch o dong in va in ap DC.
+ Dung ngun cung cp in mt chiu u 7-N, Vnk E1, E2, E3 va Ampek I1, I2, I3
u ni vi cac cun dy cua dy qun so cp nh hnh 1.10 o R
1
va sau o cho dy
qun thu cp may bin ap d do R
2
.

+Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.
+ Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh tng dn
in ap dong in trong cun dy s cp at
0,7Im (khoang 12V), con i vi dy qun
th cp la 8V. Trong qua trnh tng ghi lai cac
tr s o c trn cac ca s o E va I vao may
tnh bng cach a con tro chut n nut
record data, nhp chut bn trai. Sau khi o
ht cac cun dy, m bang s liu in hoc
ghi vao bang 1. T cac s liu o c tnh in
tr cua cac cun dy theo cng thc sau:
1 I
1 E
R
1
=
+
E1
2
+
E2 E3
1
I1 I2 I3
Hinh 1-10 Ni dy qun so cp
7
6 11
12
E
+
+
+
+
2. Xac djnh t s bin di din ap K va goc lch pha giua din ap dy so va thu.
a) May bin a p ba pha n i - Y
S th nghim nh hnh ve (hnh 1-11).

Trinh tu tin hanh nhu sau :
+ Hin th ng dung Metering, chon File cu hnh ES19-2.cfg.
+ H mach dy qun th cp, bt ngun va iu chnh in ap c in ap dy,
vi cac cp : 120, 240, 380 V ng vi cac ln o.
+ S dung E1 o in ap dy cua dy qun s cp U
1-6
va E2 o in ap dy trn
dy qun th cp U
4-9
, tng dn in ap cac cp khoang 120, 240, 380V a con tro chut
n nut record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o c vao bang s liu trong may tnh. Sau
o m bang s liu o c in hoc ghi s liu vao bang 2. T o tnh c h s bin ap
theo cng thc sau :
3
K + K + K
= K ;
U
U
= K
3 2 1
9 4
6 1
3 , 2 , 1

Chu y : Khi do cac din ap, tt ngun truoc khi thay di cach ni DAI voi mach
din.
Khao sat su lch pha giua cac sdd dy khi ni -Y trn Phasor Analyzer.
+ nguyn cach ni dy nh xac nh t s bin ap. M phn tch pha Phasor Analyzer
va quan sat goc lch pha gia in ap dy U
1-6
va U
4-9
trn man hnh Phasor Analyzer. Ghi
cac kt qua o c vao bang 3 hoc in kt qua.
+ Sau khi ghi lai kt qua o c, quay iu chnh in ap v v tr min, tt ngun.
b) May bin a p ba pha n i -
Sau khi tt ngun i ni Module may bin ap 3 pha thanh hnh - (hnh 1-12).
Chu y : Kim tra cach ni truoc khi dong ngun din.
+ Bt ngun va iu chnh in ap c in ap dy E
s
nh a cho trn. Chon tao
File cu hnh ES19-4.cfg.
+ S dung E1 va E2 o in ap dy cua cac cun dy trn mach s va th cp va tin
hanh th nghim nh ni /Yva ghi lai kt qua vao bang 3 hoc in.

2 1
7 6
12 11
N
4
5
9 10
15
14
Hinh 1-11 : So d du ni - Y

+ Nh trng hp may bin ap ni -Y.
Khao sat su lch pha giua cac sdd dy khi ni / trn Phasor Analyzer.
+ nguyn cach ni dy nh xac nh t s bin ap. M phn tch pha Phasor
Analyzer va quan sat goc lch pha gia in ap dy s cp U
1-6
vi in ap dy th cp U
4-9

trn man hnh Phasor Analyzer. Ghi s liu quan sat c vao bang 3 hoc in kt qua.
+ Tt ngun, vn num iu chnh in ap v v tr min thao cac dy ni.

+
+
+
+
+

3. Thi nghim khng tai :

2 1
7 6
12 11
N
4
5
9
10
15
14
Hinh 1.12 : So d du ni -
Trinh tu thi nghim :
+ u ni s th nghim nh hnh 1-13. (y la trng hp o cng sut ba pha
dung hai wattmettre P1 va P3)
+ Hin th man hnh Metering va chon t File cu hnh ES19-6.cfg.
+ Dung E1, E2, E3 o in ap dy U
1-6
, U
1-11
, U
11-6
va , I1, I2, I3 o dong dy
trn cac pha trn mach s cp. Con P1, P3 o cng sut P
1
, P
3
trn ca s o Metering
(cach mc ny la o cng sut ba pha dung hai wat met). h mach th cp, bt ngun iu
chnh in ap tng dn t 0 n 1,1Um. Trong qua trnh tng in ap ly t nht 10 tr s v
dong in, in ap va cng sut P
1
, P
3
trn ca s o Metering va ghi vao may tnh Sau o m
bang s liu in hoc ghi vao bang 4.

2 1
7 6
12 11
N
4
5
9 10
I1

I2

I3

E2

E3

E1

15
14
Hinh 1.13 : So d thi nghim khng tai

T kt qua o c xac nh in ap, dong in va cng sut khng tai theo nh sau :
in ap khng tai :
3
U U U
U
1 11 11 6 6 1
0

+ +
=
Dong in khng tai :
3
I I I
I
3 2 1
0
+ +
=
Cng sut khng tai :
3 1 0
P P P + = va
0 0
0
0
I U 3
P
cos =
T kt qua trn ve cac ng c tnh sau trn cung mt h truc toa :
) U ( f I ) U ( f P ) U ( f cos
0 0 0 0 0 0
= = =
Cho nhn xet.
Chu y : Xem cach lp bang s liu va ve d thj trong phn phu luc E.
Sau khi ghi lai kt qua, tt ngun xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, thao dy ni.
4. Thi nghim ngn mach
Chu y rng y la th nghim d xay ra s c nu s sut. V vy cn lu y cac trnh t
tin hanh va khn trng.
thun tin cho vic th nghim thng in ap ha ap t vao dy qun cao ap va ni
ngn mach dy qun ha ap cua may bin ap th nghim. Dy ni ngn mach thng dung u
ln chu c dong ngn mach.
+ u ni s th nghim nh hnh 1.14.
+ Dung E1, E2, E3 o in ap dy U
1-6
, U
1-11
, U
11-6
va I1, I2, I3 o dong dy
trn cac pha trn mach s cp. Con P1, P3 o cng sut P
1
, P
3
. Bt ngun xoay num iu
chnh tng dn in ap, ht sc t t sao cho dong in trong mach s cp at n 1,2Im. Luc
o Un (5 10)%Um. Trong qua trnh tng ly t nht 5 gia tr v dong in, in ap va
cng sut P

1
, P
3
trn ca s o Metering, ghi vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu in hoc
ghi vao bang 5.
S th nghim nh hnh 1-14:

2
7 6
12 11
N
4 5
9 10
15
14
I1

I2

I3

Hinh1.14 So d thi nghim ngn mach.
1
E2

+
+
+
+
+
E1

E3

+ T kt qua o c xac nh in ap, dong in, cng sut ngn mach :
in ap ngn mach :
3
U U U
U
1 11 11 6 6 1
n

+ +
=
Dong in ngn mach :
3
I I I
I
3 2 1
n
+ +
= (y la dong dy)
Cng sut ngn mach :
3 1 n
P P P + =
5. Xac djnh cac dai luong va thng s mach din thay th cua mba tu thi nghim
khng tai va thi nghim ngn mach :
Chu y : Khi xac nh cac ai lng va thng s mach in thay th mba, ta s dung
cac ai lng o c ng vi in ap hoc dong in nh mc.
+ in ap ngn mach phn trm : % 100 .
U
U
% U
m
n
n
= (ng vi dong in nh mc)

+ Cng sut ngn mach :
3 1 n
P P P + = (ng vi dong in nh mc)
+ Dong in khng tai phn trm : % 100 .
I
I
% i
m
0
0
d
= (ng vi in ap nh mc)
+ Cac thng s :
2
p 0
0
0
I 3
P
r = ;
p 0
mp
0
I
U
Z
= ;
2
0
2
0 0
r Z x = ; ;
1 0 m
r r r =

mp 1
2
n
n
I 3
P
r
= ;
mp 1
np
n
I
U
Z
= ;
2
n
2
n n
r Z x = ;
; ;
1 n
'
2
r r r = 2 / x x x
n
'
2 1
= =
1 0 m
x x x =
T cac thng s cua may bin ap a xac nh c thng qua th nghim khng tai
va th nghim ngn mach, ve s thay th may bin ap (ch ve cho 1 pha).
6. Thi nghim co tai :
+ u ni s th nghim nh hnh 1.15.
+ Dung E1, E2, E3 o cac in ap dy cua mach th cp va I1, I2, I3 o dong
in trong mach th cp, Con P1, P3 o cng sut P
1
, P
3
.

E1
2
7
12
4
5
9 10
15
14

Module

Phu tai

8311-05
Hinh 1.15 : So d thi nghim co tai

1
6
11
N
I1

I2

I3

E2
+
+
+
+
+
E1
E3

+ Bt ngun xoay num iu chnh tng dn in ap n U
m
. Bc cng tc cua phu tai,
iu chnh phu tai 3 pha i xng, mi ln iu chnh ghi lai s liu, trong qua trnh iu
chnh lun gi cho in ap s cp gia tr U
m
. Ghi cac gia tr o c: dong in, in ap va
cng sut vao bang 6 (8-10 gia tr).
Trong bang 7 :
3
E E E
U
4 14 14 9 9 4
2

+ +
= ;
3
I I I
I
3 2 1
2
+ +
= .
Cng sut ra :
2 2 2 3 1 2
cos I U 3 P P P = + = vy
2 2 2 2
I U 3 / P cos =
+ Ni Module tai tr song song vi Module tai khang thanh tai R-L va sau o vi
Module tai dung thanh R-C. Thc hin lai th nghim vi tai co tnh cam va co tnh dung nh
nh a lam vi tai tr, ghi cac s liu o c vao bang 6.
+ Tt ngun, xoay num iu khin in ap v v tr min. Thao g cac dy ni.
+ T cac s liu o c xac nh hiu sut cua may bin ap :
Hiu sut ly thuyt : % 100 .
P P cos S .
cos S .
%
n
2
0 2 m
2 m
+ +

=
.
Trong o :
m 2
2
I
I
= la h s tai.
T s liu o c tnh bang s liu cac mi quan h : U
2
, I
2
, S
2
, , .. ve c tnh.
+ Ve ng c tnh : ) I ( f = U
2 2
va ) ( f = vi cac tnh cht tai khac nhau trn
cung th va nhn xet.

Bang 1
Cun dy s cp
E1 E2 E3 I1

I2

I3

R1 R2 R3 R
tb

Cun dy th cp
E1 E2 E3 I1

I2

I3

R1 R2 R3 R
tb

Bang 2.
E
s
U
1-6
U
4-9
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
120
Goc lch pha
240
380

Bang 3
E
s
U
1-6
U
4-9
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
120
Goc lch pha
240
380

Bang 4
S ln Kt qua o Kt qua tnh
U
1-6
U
6-11
U
11-1
I
1
I
7
I
3
P
1
P
3
U
0
I
0
P
0
cos
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Bang 5
Kt qua o Kt qua tnh S ln
U
1-6
U
6-11
U
11-1
I
1
I
7
I
3
P
1
P
3
U
n
I
n
P
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Bang 6
Kt qua o Kt qua tnh S ln
U
1-6
U
6-11
U
11-1
I
1
I
7
I
3
P
1
P
3
I
2
U
2
P
tc
%
Tai thun tr R
1
2
3
..
Phu Tai R-L
1
2
3
..
Phu Tai R-C
1
2
3
..

IV.CU HOI KIM TRA
1. Phn bit cac s u ni MBA, in ap, dong in dy va pha trn cac cun dy
trong cac s u ni.
3. Phn bit th nghim ngn mach va ch ngn mach.
4. Y ngha cua cac ng c tnh may bin ap.
5. Cach xac nh cac thng s may bin ap bng th nghim.
6. Cach tao File cu hnh, bang s liu, lu s liu va ve th trong phn mm Lab -
Volt.
Lam bao cao Thi Nghim nhu tai liu huong dn.

BAI THI NGHIM S 2
D NG CO KHNG DNG B BA PHA ROTO LNG SOC

I. MUC DICH & YU CU THI NGHIM :
1.Muc dich thi nghim:
- Tm hiu cu tao va bit cach vn hanh ng c khng ng b (K) ba pha.
- Khao sat mt s ng c tnh cua ng c.
- Tnh h s trt va xac nh cac thng s mach in thay th bng th nghim.
2.Yu cu :
- Xem ky phn phu luc bit c cac thit b, cach ghep ni, cac t va thut ng mi
cn thit cho bai th nghim.
- Xem lai cac c im chnh cua ng c.
- Ghi cac ai lng nh mc ng c th nghim.
II. TOM TC LY THUY T
1. Nguyn ly lam vic va phuong trinh cn bng cua dng co khng dng b
Khi t in ap xoay chiu ba pha co tn s f
1
vao
dy qun stato, trong dy qun stato se co h thng dong
ba pha chay qua, dong in ny se tao ra t trng quay co
tc n
1
= 60f
1
/p (hnh 2.1). T trng nay ct cac thanh
dn cua dy qun rto va cam ng trong o cac s E
2
. V
dy qun rto ni ngn mach, nn E
2
se sinh ra dong in
I
2
trong cac thanh dn rto. Lc tac dung tng h (F
t
)
gia t trng quay cua may vi thanh dn mang dong
in I
2
, se keo rto quay theo chiu cua t trng quay vi
tc n.
Tc rto n lun nho hn tc t trng quay n
1
,
v nu hai tc bng nhau th khng co s chuyn ng tng i, trong dy qun rto
khng co s va dong in cam ng, nn lc in t bng khng.
B
N
F
t
n
1
Hinh 2.1 Qua trnh tao momen
quay cua ng c khng ng b
B
F
t
S
n

E
2
H s trt cua tc la:

1
1
1
1
1
2
n
n n
n
n
s
= = (2.1)
Khi rto ng yn, tc n = 0, h s trt s = 1; khi rto quay vi tc nh mc s
m
=
0,02 0,06. Tc ng c la:
n = n
1
(1-s) =
p
f 60
1
(1-s) vg/ph.
Dy qun stato cua ng c nh dy qun s cp MBA, ta co phng trnh in ap la:
(2.2)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Z I E jx r I E U
& & & & &
+ = + + = ) (
trong o: Z
1
= r
1
+ jx
1
: tng tr cua dy qun stato.
* r
1
la in tr cua dy qun stato.
* x
1
la in khang tan cua dy qun stato.

E
1
la s pha stato do t thng cua t trng quay sinh ra co tr s la:
E
1
= 4,44f
1
W
1
k
q1
m
(2.3)
Trong o: W
1
, k
q1
ln lc la s vong dy va h s dy qun cua dy qun stato.
T trng chnh quay vi tc n
1
, rto quay vi tc n theo chiu t trng quay.
Vy gia t trng quay va dy qun rto co tc trt:
n
2
= n
1
- n
Tn s s cam ng trong dy qun rto:

1
1
1
1
1 2
2
sf
n
p n
n
n n
60
p n
f =
= = (2.4)
S pha cam ng trong dy qun rto luc quay la:
E
2s
= 4,44f
2
W
2
k
q2
m
(2.5a)
Hoc E
2s
= 4,44sf
1
W
2
k
q2
m
(2.5b)
Trong o: W
2
, k
q2
ln lc la s vong dy va h s dy qun cua dy qun rto.
Khi rto ng yn s = 1, tn s f
2
= f
1
. S dy qun rto luc ng yn la:
E
2
= 4,44f
1
W
2
k
q2
m
(2.6)
So sanh (2.7) va (2.5b), ta thy:
(2.7)
2 2
E s E
s
& &
=
in khang cua dy qun rto:
+ luc ng yn: x
2
= 2f
1
L
2
(2.8)
+ luc quay: x
2s
= 2f
2
L
2
= 2sf
1
L
2
= sx
2
(2.9)
trong o: L
2
la in cam tan cua dy qun rto.
T (2.3) va (2.6), ta co t s s pha stato va rto la:

2 dq 2
1 dq 1
2
1
e
k W
k W
E
E
k = = (2.10)
vi: k
e
goi la h s qui i s rto v stato.
Phng trnh in ap cua mach in rto luc quay la:
(2.11a) ) (
s 2 2 2 s 2
jx r I E 0 + =
& &
hay: (2.11b) ) (
2 2 2 2
jsx r I E s 0 + =
& &
Phuong trinh std cua dng co khng dng b.
Khi ng c lam vic, t trng quay trong may do dong in cua ca hai dy qun sinh
ra. Dong in trong dy qun stato sinh ra t trng quay stato quay vi tc n
1
so vi stato.
Dong in trong dy qun rto sinh ra t trng quay rto quay vi tc n
2
so vi rto bng:
n
2
=
1
1 2
n s
p
s f 60
p
f 60
= =
V rto quay vi tc n, nn t trng rto se quay i vi stato co tc la:
n
2
+ n = sn
1
+ n = sn
1
+ n
1
(1-s) = n
1

Vy t trng quay stato va t trng quay rto quay cung tc n
1
, nn t trng tng
hp la t trng quay vi tc n
1
. T thng
m
co tr s hu nh khng i ng vi ch
khng tai va co tai. Do o ta co th vit phng trnh sc t ng cua ng c:

m
1
W
1
k
dq1 1
I
&
+ m
2
W
2
k
dq2 2
I
&
= m
1
W
1
k
dq1 0
I
&

trong o: I
0
la dong in stato luc khng tai;
I
1
, I
2
la dong in stato va rto khi co tai;
m
1
, m
2
la s pha cua dy qun stato va rto;
k
dq1
, k
dq2
la h s dy qun cua dy qun stato va rto.
Chia hai v cho m
1
W
1
k
dq1
va t:

'
2
i
2
2 dq 2 2
1 dq 1 1
2
I
k
I
k W m
k W m
I
&
& &
= = ,
ta co: (2.12) ) (
'
2 0 1
I I I
& & &
+ =
Trong o, la dong in rto qui i v stato, con h s qui i dong in la:
'
2
I
&

2 dq 2 2
1 dq 1 1
i
k W m
k W m
k = (2.13)
2. Mach din thay th cua dng co khng dng b
thun tin cho vic nghin cu va tnh toan, t h phng trnh in ap va sc t ng
cua ng c, ta thanh lp s in c trng cho ng c goi la mach in thay th.
H phng trnh cua ng c in la:
(2.14a)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Z I E jx r I E U
& & & & &
+ = + + = ) (
(2.14b) ) (
2 2 2 2
jsx r I E s 0 + =
& &
) (
'
2 0 1
I I I
& & &
+ = (2.14c)
Phng trnh (2.14b) la phng trnh mach in rto luc quay, trong o dong in I
2
co
tn s f
2
= sf
1
. Chia (2.14b) cho s, ta co:
) (
2
2
2 2
jx
s
r
I E 0 + =
& &
(2.15)
Phng trnh (2.15) la phng trnh in ap rto luc quay a c qui i v rto ng
yn. Co th goi la phng trnh in ap rto qui i v tn s stato.
Nhn phng trnh (2.15) vi k
e
, chia va nhn vi k
i
, ta co:
) (
i e 2 i e
2
i
2
2 e
k k jx k k
s
r
k
I
E k 0 + =
&
&
(2.16a)
) ( ) (
' ' ' ' ' '
'
' '
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
jx r
s
s 1
r I E jx
s
r
I E 0 + +
= + =
& & & &
(2.16b)
trong o: E
2
= k
e
E
2
=E
1
la s pha rto qui i v stato; I
2
= I
2
/k
I
la dong in rto qui i v
stato; r
2
= r
2
k
i
k
e
= r
2
k la in tr dy qun rto qui i v stato; x
2
= x
2
k
i
k
e
= x
2
k la in khang
dy qun rto qui i v stato; k =

k
i
k
e
la h s qui i tng tr; con R
c
= r
2
(1-s)/s goi la
in tr gia tng.
Ging nh may bin ap, - E
1
va - E
2
la in ap ri trn tng tr nhanh t hoa:

(2.17)
m o m m o 1 2
Z I jx r I E E
& & & &
= + = = ) (
'
Cui cung ta co phng trnh c ban luc rto quay la:
Hinh 2.2 Mach in thay th hnh cua ng c khng ng b. a) Mach in thay th hnh T;
b) Mach in thay th IEEE; c) Mach in thay th gn ung; d) Mach in thay th bin i
(a)
1 1 1 1
Z I E U
& & &
+ =
)
) (
(
' ' ' ' '
2 2 2 2 2
jx r
s
s 1
r I E 0 + +
=
& &

(2.18)
1 2
E E
& &
=
'
) (
'
2 0 1
I I I
& & &
+ =
m 0 1
Z I E
& &
=
Da vao cac phng trnh c ban sau khi qui i (2.18), ta thanh lp s thay th hnh T
(hnh 2.2a) cho ng c in khng ng b khi rto quay ging nh may bin ap, y dy
qun s cp may bin ap la dy qun stato, dy qun th cp may bin ap la dy qun rto va
phu tai may bin ap la in tr gia tng R
c
= r
2
(1-s)/s, y la in tr c trng cho cng
sut c P
c
cua ng c. thun tin cho vic tnh toan, s hnh 2.2a c xem gn ung
vi s hnh 2.2b khi bo qua tn hao loi thep do IEEE xut, c s dung nhiu trong
tnh toan hin nay, hoc c xem gn ung tng ng hnh 2.2c trong o:
m 1 o m 1 o
x x x ; r r r + = + = (2.19a)
Lam mt vai phep bin i n gian, ta co s thay th ng c nh hnh 2.2d, trong o:
(2.19b)
'
2 1 n
'
2 1 n
x x x ; r r r + = + =
T s thay th co th tnh dong in stato, dong in rto, momen, cng sut c...
va nhng tham s khac. Nh vy ta a chuyn vic tnh toan mt h in - C v vic tnh
toan mach in n gian.

r
1
x
1
r
2
x
2
) (
'
2
I
&

1
U
&

r
m
x
m
1
I
&

o
I
&

r
2
(1-s)/s
r
1
x
1
r
2
x
2
) (
'
2
I
&

1
U
&
x
m
1
I
&
o
I
& r
2
(1-s)/s
(b)

r
1
x
1
r
2
/s x
2
) (
'
2 1
I I
& &
=
r
0
x
0
o
I
&

1
U
&

(c)
r
n
x
n
) (
'
2
I
&

1
U
&
r
0
x
0
1
I
&
o
I
&
r
2
(1-s)/s
(d)

3. Qua trinh nng luong trong dng co
ng c in khng ng b nhn in nng t li in, nh t trng quay in nng
a c bin i thanh c nng trn truc ng c.
Cng sut tac dung ng c in nhn t li in:
P
1
= m
1
U
1
I
1
cos
1
.
Trong o: U
1
, I
1
,
1
la in ap, dong in va goc lch pha cua dong in va in ap pha.
Cng sut ny mt phn bu vao tn hao ng trn dy qun stato: p
Cu1
= m
1
I
2
1
r
1
va tn
hao st trong loi thep: p
Fe
=m
1
I
2
0
r
0
. Cng sut con lai goi la cng sut in t truyn qua rto:
P
t
= P
1
- (p
Cu1
+p
Fe
) =
s
r
I m
'
2 2 '
2 1
. (2.20)
Cng sut in t truyn qua rto, sau khi mt mt phn v tn hao ng trn dy qun
rto: p
Cu2
= m
1
I
2
2
r
2
. Co n lai la cng sut c trn truc:
P
c
= P
t
- p
Cu2
=
s
r
I m
2 2
2 1
'
'
-m
2
I
2
2
r
2
=
s
s 1
r I m
2
2
2 1
' '
(2.21)
Cng sut c sau khi tr i tn hao
c p
c
do ma sat quat gio va tn hao phu
Hinh 2.3 Gian nng lng
ng c khng ng b
P
1
P
t
P
2
P
c
p
f
p
Cu1
p
c
p
Cu2
p
Fe
p
f
, con lai la cng sut co ch trn truc
hay cng sut ra cua ng c in:
P
2
= P
c
- (p
c
+p
f
) = P
c
- p
q

Tng tn hao cua ng c in :
p = p
Cu1
+p
Fe
+ p
Cu2
+p
c
+p
f

Hiu sut cua ng c in :
1 1
2
P
p
1
P
P

= = .
2. Th nghim xac nh cac thng s cua mach in thay th
M hnh mach in cua ng c khng ng b tng t nh mba, cac thng s cung
c xac nh bng th nghim khng tai (u truc ng c khng ni vi tai) va ngn mach
(gi rto ng yn) ging nh trong mba.
a. Th nghim khng tai
Th nghim khng tai la dy qun stato K ni vao li in co in ap va tn s nh
mc, con u truc ng c khng ni vi tai. S ni dy th nghim ng c khng ng
b c trnh bay trn hnh 14.14. Khi ni ngun in co in ap nh mc vao dy qun
stato, luc o ta o c cac ai lng nh cac dung cu o nh sau :
Cng sut khng tai P
o
(3-pha, tng cng sut trn hai Watt k)
Dong in khng tai I
o
(tnh trung bnh t 3 ampe k)
in ap khng tai U
o
(tnh trung bnh t 3 vn k).
Cng sut khng tai P
o
(tn hao khng tai) la cac tn tht khi cng sut trn u truc la
zero, bao gm : tn hao ng stato, tn hao st va tn hao quay (tn hao quat go, ma sat va
tn hao phu).

Tn hao st trong loi thep ch xay ra stato, con trong rto khng ang k, do h s
trt rt thp (s
o
=0,001), nn tn s dong in trong dy qun rto thp, khoang 0,05Hz.

DK
V
V
A
A
A
V
W
W
*
*
*
*
K
Ngun
AC
ba pha
Hnh 2.4 Sc cc Ih| nghiem K Lc phc

Tr s dong in khng tai K khoang 20 - 40% dong in nh mc v co khe h
khng kh. Tn tht ng stato khi khng tai cn c tnh toan, bng cach o in tr mt
chiu va hiu chnh theo dong in xoay chiu (50Hz). Cng sut c P
c
tng ng vi in
tr gia tng co trc s
o
rt thp. V vy r
2
/s
o
+ jx
2
>> Z
m
= r
m
+ jx
m
nn r
2
/s
o
+ jx
2
co th
bo qua. T mach in thay th hnh 2-3a khi khng tai c trnh bay trn hnh 2.5a.
Hinh 2.5 Mach in thay th K khng tai

r x
1
U
&
r
o
x
o
0
I
&
(b)
1
U
&
r
m
x
m
0
I
&
(c)
1 1

Phi hp hai nhanh ni tip Z
1
va Z
m
ta c mach in hnh 2.5b. Trong o Z
o
= Z
1
+ Z
m
= r
o

+ jx
o
,
,
vi r
o
= r
1
+ r
m
va x
o
= x
1
+ x
m
. y ta phai hiu r
o
c trng cho tn hao khng tai
gm tn hao ng dy qun stato, st, quat gio, ma sat va tn hao phu.
T cac thng s th nghim va mach in thay th hnh 2-5b, ta co :

2
o
o
m 1 o
I
1
3
P
= r + r = r ;
o
o
o
I
1
3
U
z = ;
2
o
2
o m 1 o
r z x x x = + =
H s cng sut khng tai : cos
o
= P
o
/(U
o
I
o
)
in khang tan stato x
1
tm c t th nghim ngn mach. Ta co th tach tn hao quay
(tnh ca p
Fe
) t tn hao khng tai bng cach tr tn hao ng trn dy qun stato khi khng tai:
p
q
= P
o
- 3.r
1
I
o
2
.
Do tng tr dy qun stato Z
1
= r
1
+ jx
1
<< Z
m
= r
m
+ jx
m
, nn co th bo qua Z
1
. Mach
in thay th gn dung ng c khng ng b khi khng tai trnh bay trn hnh 2-5c. Mach
in tng ng nay dung tnh tng tr nhanh t hoa rt n gian, ging nh trong mba.
1
U
&

r
0
I
&
m
x
m
(a)

Tach bit tn tht st va tn hao quay
S tach tn tht nay c thc hin
bng th nghim khng tai vi ngun co tn
s nh mc va in ap thay i c. Khi
in ap giam di gia tr nh mc, tn tht
loi thep giam gn nh theo bnh phng in
ap. V h s trt tng khng ang k, tn
hao quay gn nh khng i. in ap tip tuc
giam n khi h s trt tng t ngt, va
ng c dn dn ng lai. ch khng
tai, iu nay iu nay xay ra vi in ap giam
ang k. th quan h P
o
= f(U) trn hnh
2.6 c ngoai suy n U = 0 vi p
q
khi p
Fe
=
0 in ap zero.
P
o
0
U
Hnh 2.6 Icch LieI Icn hcc :cI vc Icn hcc ucy
p
q
Ngcci :uy
b. Th nghim ngn mach
Th nghim nay c dung xac nh cac thng s ni tip trong m hnh mach ng
c khng ng b. S ni dy th nghim ging nh khi khng tai (hnh 2-4), nhng gi
rto ng yn, luc nay h s trt s = 1. Giam in ap t vao dy qun stato, sao cho dong
in chay trong dy qun stato bng dong in nh mc. Luc o ta o c cac ai lng nh
cac dung cu o nh sau :
Cng sut ngn mach P
n
(3-pha, tng cng sut trn hai oat k)
Dong in ngn mach I
n
(tnh trung bnh t 3 ampe k)
in ap ngn mach U
n
(tnh trung bnh t 3 vn k).
Trong th nghim nay, bo qua tn hao st r
m
= 0, nhng khng th bo qua in khang t hoa
X
m
v no nho hn nhiu so vi mba. T mach in thay th hnh 2-3, khi th nghim ngn
mach c trnh bay trn hnh 2.7a (ging mach in thay th IEEE). Phi hp hai nhanh song
song thanh hnh 2-7b. Nu bo qua nhanh t hoa song song cua mach in trnh bay trn hnh
2-7a th ging nh th nghim ngn mach mba, vic tnh toan se n gian hn v x
2
va r
2

tng ng bng x
2
va r
2
. T cac thng s th nghim va m hnh mach hnh 2-7b, ta tnh c

2
n
n
2 1 t
I
1
3
P
= r + r = r
' '
;
n
n
t
I
1
3
U
= z
;
2
t
2
t 2 1 t
r - z = x + x = x

' '

(b)

r
1
x
1
r

x
2
r x
1 1

Hinh 2.7 Mach in thay th K ngn mach

r
2
) I (
'
2
&

1
U
&

x
m
1
I
&

0
I
&
(a)
2
x
2
1
U
&
1
I
&

H s cng sut khng tai : cos
n
= P
n
/(U
n
I
n
)
Trong trng hp gn ung co th cho rng in khang tan stato va in khang tan rto bng
nhau va bng na x
t
(x
t
x
n
:
x
1
= x
2
= x
t
/2
T mach in thay th hnh 2.6a va b, ta co :

) (
) (
' '
' '
' ' ' '
m 2 2
m 2 2
2 2
x + x j + r
jx jx + r
= jx + r
Phn thc cua biu thc trn la :

2
m 2
2
2
2
m 2
2
x + x + r
x r
= r
) ( ) (
' '
'
' '

Do r
2
<< (x
2
+ x
m
), nn bo qua r
2
mu s :
2
m 2
2
m 2
2
x + x
x r
= r
) (
'
'
' '

Ta co r
2
= r
t
- r
1
, nn : r
2
= ( r
t
- r
1
)
2
m
2
m 2
x
x + x ) (
'
.
Khi x
m
>> x
2
, ta co : x
t
= x
1
+ x
2

Xem phu luc C bit cac dung cu cn cho bai th nghim.
IV.NI DUNG THI NGHIM :
1. Tim hiu cu tao va ghi cac s liu djnh muc cua dng co.
Thit lp thit bj :
Cai t ngun cp in, lc k, ng c khng ng b ba pha, b thu thp va x ly
d liu (DAI). Ni lc k vi ng c khng ng b ba pha.
a cng tc in v v tr OFF, xoay num iu khin in ap ngc chiu kim
ng h v v tr min. Bao am ngun cung cp in c ni vi ngun in 3 pha.
Ni dy dn t computer vi modul DAI. Ni LOW POWER INPUTS cua DAI va
lc k vi u ra cua ngun cung cp 24V-AC. t cng tc ngun 24V-AC v tr I.
Khi ng phn mm Metering.
Thit lp cac phn iu khin lc k nh sau :
MODE swich : DYN; LOAD CONTROL MODE swich : MAN
LOAD CONTROL knob : MIN (fully CCW); DISPLAY swich : TORQUE (M)
Ghi cac s liu nh mc cua ng c th nghim.
2. Do din tro mt chiu cua cac cun dy stato.
+ S ni dy o in tr mt chiu cua cac cun dy stato nh hnh 2-8.
+ Trn ca s Metering chuyn cac ca s o dong in va in ap sang ch o
dong in va in ap mt chiu.

+ Dung ngun cung cp in mt chiu DC iu chnh c t 0-220V (u 7-N),
Vnk E1, E2, E3 Ampek I1, I2, I3 u ni vi cac cun dy cua ng c nh nh hnh 2-8.
+ Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh tng dn in ap dong trong cun dy khoang
0,7Im (24V). Trong qua trnh tng in ap ghi lai cac tr s o c trn cac ca s o E va I
vao bang s liu, sau o m bang s liu in hoc ghi vao bang 1. T cac s liu o c
xac nh in tr mt chiu cua cun dy theo cng thc sau :
1
1
1
I
E
r =
+
E1
4
+
E2

E3

+ Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.
3. Di chiu quay va do tc d cua dng co, xac djnh h s truot :
u ni ng c nh hnh 2-9. Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh tng dn in
ap n U
m
cua ng c. Luc ny ng c se quay theo mt chiu nao o. Ct ngun,
i ni hai trong 3 pha cho nhau. Sau o bt ngun, kim tra chiu quay cua ng c.
ng c co i chiu quay so vi chiu trc y khng?
o tc : Khi ng c a quay n nh ta bt DISPLAY swich sang ch
SPEED o tc n cua ng c, sau o xac nh h s trt khi khng tai theo cng
thc :
% 100 .
n
n n
% s
1
o 1

= , Trong o n
1
la tc ng b cua ng c.
Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.
4. Thi nghim khng tai
Kt ni thit b nh hnh 2 - 9.

1
I1 I2 I3
Hinh 2-8
5
2 3
6
~
ngc
khng ng b
roto lng soc
I3
+
+
+
2
3
1
E2
+
+
E1
E3
I2
I1
Ngun
Hinh 2 - 9

Trong ca s Metering m File cu hnh Acmotor3.cfg, chon View 2.
Dung E1, E2, E3 o in ap U
1-2
, U
1-3
, U
3-2
. Dung I1, I2, I3 o dong in.
u ni nh hnh 2 la o c cng sut ba pha luc khng tai cua ng c bng 2
woat k. M cac ca s P1 va P3 ghi gia tr cng sut tac dung o c.
Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh tng dn in ap n U=Um. Trong qua trnh
tng in ap ghi s liu vao bang s liu, sau o m bang s liu in hoc ghi vao
bang 2 (ly t nht 10 tr s).
Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.
Trong bang 2 ta tnh :
0 0
0
0 0
3 2 1
0
1 3 3 2 2 1
0
I U 3
P
cos ; 3 P 1 P P ;
3
I I I
I ;
3
U U U
U = + =
+ +
=
+ +
=

T cac s liu thu c ve c tnh khng tai ) I ( f U
0 0
= va ve quan h
tach bit tn hao quay va tn hao st. Tm tn hao quay t c tnh
) U ( f P
0 0
=
) U ( f P
0 0
= .
Chu y : Xem cach lp bang s liu va ve d thj trong phn phu luc E.
5. Thi nghim ngn mach :
u ni thit b nh hnh 2 - 9.
nguyn cac ca s o dong in, in ap va cng sut nh th nghim khng tai.
Gi truc ng c ng yn. Bt ngun tng dn in ap cho n khi dong in at
n gia tr nh mc cua ng c (hoc 1,2 Im) th ngng lai, luc nay in ap c bng
(15 - 25)% Um. Trong qua trnh tng in ap oc va ghi s liu vao bang 3 (ly t
nht 8 tr s).
Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min.
Trong bang 3 ta tnh U
n
, I
n
, P
n
, cos
n
nh th nghim khng tai. Tnh thng s
mach in thay th:
+ in ap ngn mach phn trm : % 100
U
U
% U
m
n
n
=
(ng vi dong in nh mc)

+ Cng sut ngn mach : 3 P 1 P P
n
+ = (ng vi dong in nh mc)
+ Cac thng s :
2
0
0
0
I 3
P
r = ;
0
m 1
0
I 3
U
Z
= ;
2
0
2
0 0
r Z x = ; ;
1 0 m
r r r =

2
m 1
n
n
I 3
P
r
= ;
m 1
n
n
I 3
U
Z
= ;
2
n
2
n n
r Z x = ;
; ;
1 n
'
2
r r r = 2 / x x x
n
'
2 1
= =
1 0 m
x x x =
T cac thng s cua K a xac nh c thng qua th nghim khng tai va th
nghim ngn mach ve s thay th may K (ch ve 1 pha).
6. Thi nghim co tai
Kt ni thit b nh hnh 2 -9.
Trong ca s Metering m File cu hnh Acmotor5.cfg, chon View 2. M cac ca
s o tc n va momen xon M.
Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap tng dn in ap ln n U=Um. Khi
ng c a quay n nh ta bt u iu chnh num LOAD CONTROL tng dn tai ky thut

P
m
trn truc ng c cho n khi gia tr tai ky thut trn truc ng c at n tr s nh mc
th dng. Trong qua trnh tng tai oc va ghi lai cac s liu o c vao bang 4 (ly t nht 10
tr s). Trong bang 4 ta tnh toan cac gia tr U
1
,I
1
,P
1
, cos nh th nghim khng tai.
T cac s liu thu c ve cac c tnh cua may in khng ng b:
) P ( f ); P ( f cos ); P ( f n ); P ( f I ); P ( f T
m m m m m
= = = = = Vi :
1
m
P
P
= .
Va ve c tnh c : . Cho nhn xet. ) n ( f T =
Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, xoay num iu chnh tai v
v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.
7. Thi nghim diu chnh tc d dng co bng cach thay di din ap U
1
Kt ni thit b nh hnh 2 -9.
Trong ca s Metering, m cac ca s o tc n va momen xon M.
Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap tng dn in ap ln n U=Um. Khi
ng c a quay n nh ta bt u iu chnh num LOAD CONTROL tng dn tai ky thut
P
m
trn truc ng c cho n 50% tr s nh mc cua ng c th dng. Sau o giam dn in
ap t vao dy qun stato va ghi lai cac s liu o c vao bang 5 (ly t nht 10 tr s).
Trong bang 5 ta tnh toan gia tr U
1
, I
1
,P , cos nh th nghim khng tai.
T cac s liu thu c ve quan h ) U ( f n = cua ng c in. Cho nhn xet.
Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, xoay num iu chnh tai v
v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.

Bang 1
E1 E2

E3 I1

I2

I3

R
1
R
2
R
3
R
tb

Bang 2
Kt qua o Kt qua tnh S
ln
U
1-2
U
2-3
U
3-1
I1 I2 I3 P1 P3
I
0
U
0
P
0
cos
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Bang 3
ln
U
1-2
U
2-3
U
3-1
I1 I2 I3 P1 P3
I
n
U
n
P
n
cos
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bang 4
ln
U
12
U
23
U
31
I1 I2 I3 P1 P3 T n
I
1
U
1
P
1
cos

1
2
3
..
9
10

Bang 5
ln
U
12
U
23
U
31
I1 I2 I3 P1 P3 T n
I
1
U
1
P

cos

1
2
3
..
9
10

IV. CU HOI KIM TRA
1.Muc ch th nghim.
2.Nu cac phng phap m may, so sanh hai phng phap m may thc hin trong th
nghim.
3.Da trn c s nao co th i chiu ng c.
4.Y ngha cua c tnh khng tai.
5.So sanh th nghim ngn mach may bin ap va th nghim ngn mach ng c.
6.Y ngha cua cac c tnh tai va c tnh c cua ng c.
Lam bao cao Thi Nghim nhu tai liu huong dn.
Th nghim May in 2 Trang

9
BAI THI NGHIM S 3
MAY PHAT DIN DNG B

I. MUC DICH VA YU C U THI NGHIM:
1.Muc dich:
- Tm hiu cu tao va nguyn ly lam vic cua may phat in ng b ba pha.
- Nm dc cac phng phap hoa ng b bng cac thit b n gian.
- Khao sat va nghin cu mt s ng c tnh cua may phat in ng b.
2.Yu cu :
- Xem ky phn phu luc bit c cac thit b, cach ghep ni, cac t va thut ng mi
cn thit cho bai th nghim.
- Xem lai cac c im chnh cua mach in 3pha. Ly thuyt may phat ng b.
- Tm hiu cu tao ghi cac s liu nh mc cua may phat in ng b th nghim.
1. Cu tao va nguyn ly lam vic
May in ng b la may in xoay chiu co tc rotor n bng tc t trng quay trong
may n
1
. ch xac lp may in ng b co tc quay cua rotor lun khng i. May in
ng b c s dung rng rai trong cng nghip.
Cu tao cua may in ng b gm co hai b phn chnh la stator va rotor.
Stator cua may in ng b ging nh stator cua may in khng ng b, gm hai b phn
chnh la loi thep stator va dy qun ba pha stator. Loi thep stator c lam bng cac la thep ky thut
in dy 0,5 mm, hai mt co phu sn cach in. Doc chiu dai loi thep stator c cach khoang 3 - 6
cm co mt ranh thng gio ngang truc rng khoang 10mm. Loi thep stator c t c nh trong
thn may. Dy qun stator con goi la dy qun phn ng.
Rotor cua may in ng b la nam chm din gm co loi thep va dy qun kch thch. Dong
in a vao dy qun kch thch la dong in mt chiu. Rotor cua may in ng b co hai kiu la
rotor cc li va rotor cc n.
V nguyn ly lam vic, ng c s cp quay rto may phat in ng b n gn tc nh
mc, may phat in mt chiu noi cung truc may phat in ng b c thanh lp in ap va cung
cp dong in mt chiu cho dy qun kch thch may phat in ng b thng qua chi than va
vanh gop, rto cua may phat in ng b tr thanh nam chm in. Do rto quay, t trng rto
quet qua dy qun stato va cam ng dy qun stato s xoay chiu hnh sin.
Nu rto co s i cc t la p, quay vi tc n th s cam ng trong dy qun stato co tn s
la:
60
n . p
f = (3.1)
Va tr s hiu dung scam ng trong dy qun stato la:

t dq o
fWk 2 E = (3.2)

10
Khi dy qun stato ni vi tai, trong dy qun se co dong in ba pha chay qua. H thng
dong in ny se sinh ra t trng quay, goi la t trng phn ng, co tc :
p
f 60
n
1
= (vg/ph) (3.3)
T (3.1) va (3.3), ta thy tc rto n bng tc t trng quay trong may n
1
, nn goi la may
in ng b.
2. M hinh, cac phuong trinh cn bng va d thj vecto
Moy d|n dng b cuc n
Dong in I
t
trong dy qun kch thch sinh ra t thng
o
trong khe h khng kh. Dong in
phn ng I trong dy qun stator sinh ra t thng
s
trong khe h khng kh. Mt phn nho cua t
thng nay,
l
, goi la tu thng tan, ch moc vong vi dy qun stator va khng moc vong qua dy
qun kch thch. Phn ln cua t thng nay,
, goi la tu thng phan ung phn ung, i qua khe h

khng kh moc vong vi dy qun kch thch. Kt qua la trong khe h khng kh co t thng tng la

I
&
o
~
+
_
~
+
_
I
t
&

E
&
I jX E

& &
=

E
&
+
_
I
&
(a)

(b)

E
&

o
E
&

~
+
_
+
_
I
&
(e)

o
E
&

jX
b
'
E
&

R

U
&

+
_

I
&
(g)

'
t
I
&
jX
b
'
E
&
R

U
&

m
I
&

~
+
_
E
&

+
_

I
&
(c)

o
E
&

jX

~
+
_

E
&
+
_
I
&
(d)

o
E
&
jX

'
E
&

R

U
&
jX
t
Hnh 3.1 Mcch cien Iucng cucng cuc mcy cien ccng Lc

11
, nh v y trong khe h khng kh co hai thanh phn t thng,

o
va
. Gia thit mach t cha

bao hoa nn mi thanh phn t thng cam ng ra mt s trn dy qun stator. Trn hnh 3.1a, E
o
la
do
o
cam ng, E
la do
cam ng. Con s tng E
do t thng tng
sinh ra. S kch thch E

o

hnh thanh ng cong khng tai. S E
, goi la sdd phan ung phn ung, phu thuc vao
(tc la
phu thuc vao I). T hnh 3.1a, ta co :
(3.4)
o
E E E
& & &
+ =
hoc (3.5)
+ = E E E
o
& & &
T th vector hnh 3.1b, s chm sau t thng
E
&
(hoc I) mt goc 90
o
. Do o, dong
in I chm sau - mt goc 90
E
&
o
. Nh vy trn cng thc 3.5, in ap - co th biu din nh
in ap ri trn in khang X
E
&
do dong in I. Cng thc 3.5 c viet lai nh sau :

+ = E I jX E
o
& & &
(3.6)
in khang X
goi la in khang phan ng phn ng c trnh bay trn hnh 3.1c. Nu dy

qun stator co in tr R
va in khang tan X
t
(ng vi t thng tan
l
) th mach in thay th
trnh bay trn hnh 3.1d. in tr R
la in tr tac dung va gn bng 1,6 ln in tr mt chiu cua

dy qun stator. in tr tac dung gm hiu ng nhit va hiu ng mt ngoai gy ra bi dong in
chay qua dy qun stator.
Nu hai in khang X
va X
l
hp nht thanh mt in khang th m hnh mach in tng
ng rut gon v hnh 3.1e, trong o :
X
b
= X
+ X
l
: goi la in khang ng b.
Z
b
= R
+ jX
b
: goi la tng tr ng b.
in khang ng b X
b
gm tt ca cac t thng k ca t thng tan, sinh ra bi dong in
phn ng. Gia tr tham s nay phu thuc vao kch thc cua may. May co cng sut cang ln th
X
b
cang ln (X
b
= 0,5-1,5).

~
+
_
+
_

I
&
(a)

o
E
&

X
b
R

o
0 U
o
E
&

R I
&

b
jX I
&
I
&
U
&

(b)

~
+
_
+
_

I
&
(c)

o
E
&

X
b
R

o
0 U

R I
&
b
jX I
&

I
&
U
&

(d)

o
E
&

Hnh 3.2 Mcch cien Iucng cucng vc cc Ih vecIcr cuc mcy cien ccng Lc cuc cn


12
th vector cho ta thy mi quan h v dong in va in ap cua ca may phat va ng c
ng b, trnh bay trn hnh 3.2. th vector nay da trn c s cua mach in thay th may in
ng b. Ly in ap U trn u cc cua may lam vector gc trong vic ve th vector.
Mach in thay th cua may phat in ng b c ve hnh 3.2a. thun tin dong in
I co chiu i ra trong trng hp may phat ng b. Ta co phng trnh cn bng in ap cua may
phat ng b la :
= + + =
o b o
E jX I R I U E
& & & &
(3.7)
Vector cua s kch thch E
o
thu c bng cach thm in ap ri R I
&
va jX I
&
b
vao in ap ra .
Phu tai may phat in ng b thng co tnh cam, y la trng hp thng gp, ta ch xet trng
hp nay.
U
&
Trong trng hp ng c ng b, dong in I
&

co chiu i vao. Mach in thay th c
ve hnh 3.12c. Ta co phng trnh cn bng in ap cua ng c ng b la :
b o
jX I R I E U
& & & &
+ + = (3.8)
= =
o b o
E jX I R I 0 U E
& & &
(3.9)
Vector s kch thch E
o
thu c bng cach tr bt in ap ri R I
&
va jX I
&
b
t in ap ra
. Trn hnh 3.2d la ve th vector cua ng c in ng b co tnh cam. U
&
Chu y rng, goc gia va dng la ch may phat va m la ch ng c in.
Goc goi la goc cng sut.
U
&
o
E
&
Moy d|n dng b cuc ||
may cc li do khe h doc truc va ngang truc khac nhau nn ta phn tch
thanh hai
thanh phn: doc truc
d
va ngang truc
q
va tng ng cung co hai thanh phn dong in : doc
truc I
d
va ngang truc I
q
, nh vy ta co :
(3.10)
q d
+ =
& & &
q d
I I I
& & &
+ = (3.11)
T trng phn ng ngang truc
q
tao nn s ngang truc
q q q
X I j E
& &
= , vi X
q
la in
khang phan ng phn ng ngang truc va t trng phn ng doc truc
d
tao nn s doc truc
d d d
X I j E
& &
= , vi X
d
la in khang phan ng phn ng doc truc.
Ngoai ra dong in tai I con sinh ra t thng tan
t
cua dy qun stator, tng ng co s tan
E
t
, c c trng bi in khang tan X
t
khng phu thuc hng doc truc hoc ngang truc:

t q t d t t
X I j X I j X I j E
& & & &
= = (3.12)
Phng trnh in ap cua may phat in ng b cc li :
t q d 0
R I E E E E U
& & & & & &
+ + + =

t q q q t d d d 0
R I jX I jX I jX I jX I E U
& & & & & & &
=

t q q t d d 0
R I ) X X ( j I ) X X ( j I E U
& & & & &
+ + = (3.13)

13

q q d d 0
R I jX I jX I E U
& & & & &
= (3.14)
trong o: X
d
= X
d
+ X
t
la in khang ng b doc truc;
X
q
= X
q
+ X
t
la in khang ng b ngang truc.
Phng trnh (3.14) tng ng vi th vect cua may phat in ng b cc li, hnh 3.3b.
T phng trnh in ap va th vect ta thy goc lch pha gia in ap U va s E
0
do phu tai
quyt nh.

Phng trnh cn bng in ap cua ng c in ng b cc li :

t q q q t d d d 0
R I jX I jX I jX I jX I E U
& & & & & & &
+ + + + + =

t q q t d d 0
R I ) X X ( j I ) X X ( j I E U
& & & & &
+ + + + + = (3.15)

q q d d 0
R I jX I jX I E U
& & & & &
+ + + = (3.16)
Phng trnh (3.16) tng ng vi th vector cua ng c in ng b cc li, hnh 3.3d. T
phng trnh in ap va th vector ta thy goc lch pha gia in ap U va s E
0
do dong in
kch thch quyt nh.
3. Dc tinh cua may din dng b
o. c tnh khng to|
c tnh khng tai cua may phat in ng b la
quan h gia s E = U
o
va dong in kch t I
t
khi may
lam vic khng tai (I = 0) va tc quay cua rotor khng
i (hnh 3.4). No chnh la dang ng cong t hoa B =
f(H) cua vt liu st t.
E = U
0
=f(I
t
) I = 0, f = f
m
.
Hnh 3.3 c Ih vecIc mcy cien ccng Lc cuc |ci
U
&
I
&
0
E
&

q
I
&
d
I
&
(a)
X
d
,X
q
0
R
q q
X I j
&
d d
X I j
&

(b)
R I
&
E
&

I
&

I
d
, I
q
I
&

U
&

U
&
(c)
X
d
,X
q
0
&
E
R

I
&

I
d
, I
q
I
&

U
&

(d)

I
&
0
E
&

q
I
&
d
I
&
q q
X I j
&

d d
X I j
&

E
0
I
t
E
d
Hnh 3.4 cc I|nh khcng Ici E
0
= f{l
I
)

14
b. c tnh ngn moch vo t s ngn moch.
+ c tnh ngn mach la quan h : I
n
= f(i
t
) U = 0, f = f
m
.
Ga thit luc ngn mach :
+ Bo qua R
(R
= 0).
+ Vy mach in luc nay la thun cam ( = 90
0
).
I
q
= Icos = 0
I
d
= Isin = I
Hnh 3.5b c Ih vecIc |uc mn
jX
d
I
&
E
&
Ta co:
jX
d
I
&

d t d
X I j X I j X I j E
& & & &
+ = + = (3.17)

X
t

Ve c tnh ngn mach may phat in ng b:

T s ngn mach:

m
n
I
I
K
0
= (3.18)
I
n 0
la dong in ngn mach ng vi
dong in kch t i
t0
sinh ra s
E=E
m
khi khng tai.
I
m
Dong in nh mc cua may phat.
Tu hinh 3.7, ta co:

d
m
no
x
U
I = (3.19)
x
d
la tr s bao hoa cua in khang ng
b doc truc ng vi E = E
m
T (3.18) va (3.19) ta co:
jX
t
I
&
I
&

E
&
X
d
I
&

Hnh 3.5o Mcch cien Ihcy Ihe
I
c tnh ngn mach la ng thng v:
- Luc ngn mach ff la kh t.
- Mach t luc nay khng bao hoa.
I=f(i
- T thng khe h
sinh:
E
= E - jIx
d
= jIx

: rt nho
t
)
i
t
Hnh 3. cc I|nh ngcn mc ch
Hnh 3.7 Xcc cnh Ir :c ngcn mcch
E,I
U
m
E=f(i
t
)
I=f(i
t
)
i
t
B
B
A
A
I
m
i i
I
n0
to tn

15

* d m d
m
x I x
U
K
1
= = (3.20)
Thng x
d*
> 1, vy K < 1, ngha la I
no
< I
m
luc ngn mach xac lp.

Kt lun: Dong in ngn mach cua MFB khng ln v luc o tac dung phan ng
phn ng kh t rt manh.
- Xac nh t s ngn mach nh c tnh ngn mach va khng tai:
T hai 0AA va 0BB, ta co:

tn
to
m
no
i
i
I
I
K = = (3.21)
i
to
la dong in sinh ra U
0
= U
m
khi khng tai.
i
tn
la dong in sinh ra I= I
m
khi ngn mach.
c. c tnh ngoo| vo d thoy d| d|n op moy phot dng b.
Dc tinh ngoai
c tnh ngoai cua may phat la quan h gia
in ap U trn cc may phat va dong in tai I khi
tnh cht tai khng i (cos = const), cung nh
tc quay rotor n va dong in kch t I
t
khng
i. Dong in kch thch khng i th in ap U
thay i nh th nao khi dong in tai I thay i.
No c trnh bay trn hnh 3.8.
Hnh 3.8 cc I|nh ngcci mcy phcI cc ng Lc
U
m
U
I

I
m
U
m
U
m
cos =1 cos =0,8 (dung)
cos =0,8 (cam)
cos =1
T hnh 3.8, ta thy rng c tnh ngoai phu
thuc tnh cht tai. Tai co tnh cam khi I tng, do
fan ng fn ng kh t nn in ap giam, ng
biu din i xung; con tai co tnh dung th ngc
lai.
Dong in t hoa nh mc la dong in kch thch ng vi ch U = U
m
I=I
m
, cos =
cos
m
, f = f
m
.
D thay di din ap djnh muc U
dm
cua MFDB.
thay i in ap nh mc U
m
cua MFB la s thay i in ap khi tai thay i t nh
mc n khng tai, trong iu kin cos = cos
m
va khng thay i dong in kch t.

m
m
m
U
U E
% U

= 100% c (25-35)%
Hnh 3. cc I|nh cieu ch|nh
cos =0,8 (dung)
cos =0,8 (cam)
cos =1
I
m
I
t0
I
t
0

d. c tnh d|u chnh.
c tnh iu chnh cua may phat la quan h gia
dong in kch t I
t
theo dong in tai I khi in ap U
khng i va tc quay rotor n, cos cung khng i
(hnh 3.9). c tnh nay cho bit cn phai iu chnh dong
in kch t nh th nao gi in ap U trn u cc may
phat khng i khi tng tai. Thng trong cac may phat
in ng b co b t ng iu chnh dong kch t gi
in ap khng i.
I

16
Dong in kch thch thay i ng vi cac tnh cht tai khac nhau:
- Tai thun tr: tng tai th phai tng dong in kch t I
t
bu in ap ri trn dy qun phn
ng.
- Tai co tnh cam :tng tai th phai tng dong in kch t I
t
manh (1,7-2,2) I
t o
, khc phuc
phan ng phn ng kh t.
- Tai co tnh dung : tng tai th giam I
t
do phan ng phn ng tr t.
4. May din dng b lam vic song song
Trong nha may in cac may phat ni chung vao mt thanh cai, trong h thng in gm
nhiu nha may ni vi nhau, tao thanh li in, nh vy cac may phat in ng b lam vic song
song. co nhiu u im nh giam vn u t t may phat in d tr, am bao an toan cung cp
in va s dung cac ngun nng lng mt cach kinh t. Khi ni cac may phat lam vic song song
cng sut cua li in rt ln so vi cng sut cua tng may phat, do o tn s va in ap cua li
in gn nh khng i khi thay i tai.
Trc khi a mt may phat vao lam vic cung vi li in tc la hoa ng b (hnh 3.10a),
phai kim tra cac iu kin sau y:
1. in ap cua may phat phai bng in ap cua li in.
2. Tn s cua may phat phai bng tn s cua li in.
3. Th t pha cua may phat phai ging th t pha cua li in.
4. in ap cua may phat va in ap cua li in phai trung pha nhau.

Trn s , F
1
la may phat ang lam vic vi li, F
2
la may phat chun b ghep lam vic song
song F
1
tc la ni vao li, con b ng b kiu anh sang c hnh thanh bi ba en 1, 2 va 3.
ghep F
2
vao li ta phai kim tra cac iu kin. Dung vnmet V kim tra U
F
= U
L
?. Tn
s va th t pha c kim tra bng b ng b vi ba en 1, 2 va 3. Khi tn s f
F
f
L
th in ap
Hnh 3.10. Hcc ccng Lc mcy phcI ccng Lc vcc |uci cien
+
-
i
t1
F
1
+
-
i
t2
F
2
V
MC
1
MC
2
1
U
&

AF
U
&
U
F
,f
L
2
3
U
&
U
&
BF
U
&
AL
U
&

BL
U
&

CF
U
&
CL
U
&
F
U
L
,,f
L
{L)
{c)

17
U
F
- U
L
t vao cac en 1, 2, 3se co tan s f
F
- f
L
. Nu th t pha cua may phat va li ging nhau
th ca ba en cung ti va cung sang vi tn s. in ap U t trn ba en chnh la hiu s cac in
ap pha tng ng cua hai hnh sao in ap may phat F
2
va cua li in (hnh 3.10b).
Khi cac iu kin trn c thoa man tc la in ap hai u may ct bng khng, ta ong may
ct 2 hoa ng b. Nu khng am bao cac iu kin trn, se co dong in ln chay qun trong
may, pha hong may va gy ri loan h thng in.
Sau khi hoa ng b, cn lu y:
+ Ta iu chnh dong in kch t I
t
, in ap cua may phat vn khng i v o la in ap cua
li in. Vic thay i dong in kch t I
t
ch lam thay i cng sut phan khang cua may phat.
+ Mun may phat mang tai, ta tng cng sut ng c s cp: tng lu lng nc trong may
thuy in hoc tng lu lng hi trong may nhit in.

Xem bang cac dung cu phu luc C bit cac dung cu cn thit cho bai th nghim.
III. NI DUNG THI NGHIM :
Thit lp thit bj :
Cai cac Module ngun in, giao din thu thp d liu va may phat in ng b trong
h thng EMS.
DAI LOW POWER INPUTS c ni vi ngun cung cp chnh, t cng tc ngun
AC-24V v tr I (ON) va cap det cua may tnh c ni vi DAI.
Hin th ng dung Metering, chon File cu hnh ACMOTOR1.cfg.
Cng tt MODE v tr PRIME MOVER.
Cng tt DISPLAY v tr SPEET .
1. Thi nghim khng tai.
S ni dy th nghim nh hinh 11:

Hinh 11 : So d thi nghim khng tai may phat din dng b
Prime
Mover
MF
DB
+
+
T
N
E1
I3
KT
i
t
R
c
+
7
8
220V

18
Trinh tu tin hanh nhu sau:
+ Quay bin tr R
c
v v tr mim (nho nht). Cng tt mach kch t v tr O, ly .
d
U
+ Bt ngun va iu chnh tng dn in ap U t vao ng c s cp (PRIME MOVER)
at tc n = n
m
cua phat in ng b.
+ Giam R
c
tng dong in kch thch cho n khi in ap u cc MFB bng 1.2U
m
.
trong qua trnh tng dong in kch t i
t
, a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi
kt qua o c vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu (data table) o c ghi vao bang 1 (hoc
dung may in in bang s liu).
Bang 1
i
t
= I3(A) 0
U
0
= E1(V) 380
2. Thi nghim ly dc tinh ngn mach.

+ Quay bin tr R
c
v v tr mim (nho nht).

+ Bt ngun va iu chnh tng dn in ap U t vao ng c s cp (PRIME MOVER)
at tc n = n
m
cua phat in ng b.
+ Giam R
c
tng dong in kch thch cho n khi dong in cua phn ng at 1.2I
m
.
trong qua trnh tng dong in kch t i
t
, a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi
kt qua o c vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu (data table) o c ghi vao bang 1 (hoc
dung may in in bang s liu).
Bang 1
i
t
= I3(A) 0
I
0
= I1(V) I
m
=

Hinh 12 : So d thi nghim khng tai may phat din dng b
Prime
Mover
MF
DB
+
T
N
I3
KT
i
t
R
c
+
7
8
+
I2
+
I1

19
3. Thi nghim ly dc tinh ngoai.
+ Lam ging nh th nghim khng tai thanh lp in ap may phat, nhng ch bng U
m
.
+ Ln lc ong K tng dn tai cho n khi tai nh mc, ng thi cung tng dong in
kch t gi U khng i va nu tc d n giam th phai iu chnh n = n
m
. Sau o giam dn
tai, ri a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o c vao may tnh. Sau
o m bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 2 (hoc dung may in in bang s liu).
+ Sau khi lam xong tai tr R, thay tai R-L, ri tai R-C. Cung lam nh trn ly kt qua.

Bang 2
Tai R (i
t
= mA; n = vg/phut)
I = I1(A) 0
U = E1(V)
Tai R-L (i
t
= mA; n = vg/phut)
I = I1(A) 0
U = E1(V)
Tai R-C (i
t
= mA)
I = I1(A) 0
U = E1(V)
3. Thi nghim ly dc tinh diu chnh.
S th nghim nh hinh 13:
+ Lam ging nh th nghim khng tai thanh lp in ap, nhng ch bng U
m
.
Hinh 13 : So d thi nghim ly dc tinh ngoai may phat din dng b
Prime
Mover
MF
DB
+
+
T
N
E1

Modul
Tai
R,L,C
I1
+
I3
KT
i
t
R
c
+
7
8

20
+ Ln lc ong K tng dn tai. Mi ln tng tai, nu din ap U va tc d n giam th phai
iu chnh dong in kch t i
t
gi U = U
m
va iu chnh in ap a vao Prime Mover gi
tc bng nh mc. Sau o a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o
c vao may tnh. M bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 3.
+ Sau khi lam xong tai tr R, thay tai R-L, ri tai R-C. Cung lam nh trn ly kt qua.
Bang 3
Tai R (U
m
= V; n = vg/phut)
i
i
= I3(A)
I = I1(A)
Tai R-L (U
m
= V; n = vg/phut)
i
i
= I3(A)
I = I1(A)
Tai R-C (U
m
= V; n = vg/phut)
i
i
= I3(A)
I = I1(A)

4. Hoa dng b may fat din dng b:
S ni dy th nghim nh hnh 3:

I3
KT
+
8
Hinh 5 : So d thi nghim hoa dng b may phat din dng b
7
i
t R
c
Prime
Mover
MF
DB
+
T
N
+
I2
+
E1
E2
+
I1
+
2
1
5
3
4
6
Modul en
ng b
~
+
E3
N

+ Lam ging nh th nghim khng tai thanh lp in ap, nhng in ap may phat U
F
ch
bng in ap li U
L
.(E1 = E3)
+ iu chnh in ap a vao ng c s cp thay i tc cua may phat va quan sat
modun en ng b (ni ti).
+ M phn tch pha so pha gia E1 va E3, qua o thy s lch pha cua in ap may phat U
F

va in ap li U
L
. Thay i tc cua may phat quan sat hai vect trn ca s phn
tch pha.
L
U va
& &
F
U
S liu may phat:


21
IV. BAO CAO THI NGHIM
1. T s liu o c cac bang, ve cac c tnh. Nhn xet dang c tnh va so sanh vi ly
thuyt. Y ngha c tnh iu chnh vi cac tnh cht tai khac nhau.
2. T s liu o c tnh t s ngn mach :
n t
o t
m
no
i
i
I
I
K = = va vit nhn xet v no.
3. Xac nh in khang ng b doc truc va in khang tan cua may phat in ng b t c
tnh khng tai va c tnh ngn mach ?
4. T c tnh ngoai cua may phat, xac nh thay i in ap khi tai nh mc may phat vi
cac tnh cht tai khac nhau:
100
U
U E
U
m
m
m
%

=
Nhn xet gia tr U
m
% qua cac tnh cht tai khac nhau.
IV.CU HOI KIM TRA
1. Muc ch th nghim.
2. Phn bit cac s u ni
3. Phn bit th nghim ngn mach va ch ngn mach.
3. Y ngha cua cac ng c tnh.
5. Cach xac nh cac thng s.
5. Cach tao File cu hnh, bang s liu, lu s liu va ve th trong phn mm Lab - Volt.

BAI THI NGHIM S 4
MAY DIN MT CHIU

I. MUC DICH VA YU CU THI NGHIM:
1. Muc dich:
- Tm hiu cu tao va nguyn ly lam vic cua may in mt chiu.
- Xac nh cac thng s cua may in mt chiu.
- Xac nh mt s ng c tnh cua may in mt chiu.
2. Yu cu :
- Xem ky phn phu luc bit c cac thit b, cach ghep ni, cac t va thut ng
mi cn thit cho bai th nghim.
- Xem lai ly thuyt v may in mt chiu.
- Tm hiu cu tao ghi cac s liu nh mc cua may in mt chiu th nghim.
1. Cu tao va nguyn ly lam vic
May in mt chiu co th la may phat hoc ng c in va co cu tao ging nhau.
Nhng phn chnh cua may in mt chiu gm phn cam (stator) va phn ng (phn quay,
rotor).
Phn cam hay con goi la stator gm co cac b
phn chnh nh sau :
Hnh 4.1 Cc t chnh
+ Cc t chnh (hnh 4-1) la b phn sinh ra
t trng, gm co loi thep va dy qun kch t lng
ngoai loi thep cc t, dong in chay trong dy
qun kch t sao cho cac cc t tao ra co cc tnh
lin tip lun phin nhau. Cc t chnh lam bng
nhng la thep ky thut in ep lai, tan chc va gn
vao vo may nh cac bulng.
+ Cc t phu c gia cac cc t chnh va
dung cai thin i chiu. Loi thep cc t phu
thng lam bng thep khi va gn vao vo may nh
cac bulng.
+ Gng t dung lam mach t, ni lin gia cac cc t ng thi dung lam vo may.
Trong may in nho thng lam bng thep tm un ri han lai, trong may in ln thng
dung thep uc.
+ Cac b phn khac gm co np may va c cu chi than. C cu chi than a in
t phn quay ra ngoai gm co chi than t trong hp chi than va nh co lo xo ep chi nn
chi than t cht ln c gop.
Phn ng cua may in mt chiu gm loi thep, dy qun phn ng, c gop va truc may.
Loi thep phn ng dung dn t. No la hnh tru thng c lam bng cac la thep ky
thut in day 0,5 mm, hai mt co phu sn cach in mong ri ghep lai. Cac la thep c dp
cac l gn rtor vi truc va l thng gio. Mt ngoai loi thep c dp cac ranh t dy
qun phn ng (hnh 4.2).

Hnh 4.3 Phin i chiu va c gop

Hinh 4.2 La thep rotor

Dy qun phn ng la phn sinh ra s va co dong in chay qua. Dy qun phn ng
thng lam bng dy ng co boc cach in, gm nhiu phn t mc ni tip vi nhau, t
trong cac ranh cua phn ng tao thanh mt hoc nhiu vong kn.
C gop (vanh gop hay con goi la vanh i chiu) dung i chiu dong in xoay
chiu thanh dong in mt chiu (hnh 4.3).gm nhiu phin ng hnh ui nhan c ghep
thanh mt khi hnh tru, cach in vi nhau va cach in vi truc may.
Cac b phn khac nh truc may, quat lam mat may...
S nguyn ly lam vic cua may phat in mt chiu nh hnh 4.4. May gm co mt
khung dy abcd co u ni vi hai phin gop. Khung dy va phin gop quay quanh truc cua
no vi tc khng i trong t trng cua hai cc nam chm N-S. Cac chi in A, B t c
nh va lun lun ty sat vao phin gop.

Hnh 4.4 S nguyn ly lam vic cua may phat mt chiu
a).M ta nguyn ly may phat; b) S may phat co mt phn t;
c) S may phat co nhiu phn t.
t
e,i
t
e,i
(a) (b) (c)
Khi ng c s cp quay phn ng (khung dy abcd) may phat trong t trng u cua
phn cam (nam chm S-N), cac thanh dn cua dy qun phn ng ct t trng phn cam,
theo nh lut cam ng in t, trong khung dy se cam ng s xoay chiu ma tr s tc thi
cua no c xac nh theo biu thc :
e = Blv (4.1)
Trong o:
B: (T) t cam ni thanh dn quet qua.
l (m): chiu dai dy dn nm trong t trng.
V (m/s): tc dai cua thanh dn.
Chiu cua s c xac nh theo qui tc ban tay phai. Vy theo hnh 4.4a, s cua
thanh dn ab nm di cc t N co chiu i t b n a, con cua thanh dn cd nm di cc S
co chiu i t d n c. Nu ni hai chi A va B vi tai th s trong khung dy se sinh ra trong
mach ngoai mt dong in chay t chi than A n chi than B.
Khi phn ng quay c na vong, v tr cua phn t thay i, thanh dn ab cc S,
thanh dn cd cc N, s trong thanh dn i chiu. Nh chi in ng yn, chi A vn tip
xuc vi phin gop trn, chi B tip xuc vi phin gop di, nn chiu do ng in mach ngoai
khng i. Nh c gop va chi than, in ap trn chi va do ng in qua tai la in ap va dong
in mt chiu.
Nu may ch co mt phn t, in ap u cc may phat nh hnh 4.4b. in ap ra
ln va t p mach (hnh 4.4c), dy qun phn ng phai co nhiu phn t va nhiu phin i
chiu.
5.2.1. Nguyn ly lam vic cua ng c mt chiu
Ngc lai trn hnh 4.5 m ta nguyn ly lam vic cua ng c mt chiu. Khi cho in
ap mt chiu U vao hai chi in A va B, trong dy qun phn ng co dong in. Cac thanh
dn ab va cd mang dong in nm trong t trng se chu lc tac dung tng h ln nhau tao
nn momen tac dung ln rotor, lam rotor quay. Chiu lc tac dung c xac nh theo qui tc
ban tay trai (hnh 4.5a).
Khi phn ng quay c na vong, v tr thanh dn ab, cd i ch nhau, nh co phin
gop i chiu dong in, nn dong in mt chiu bin i thanh dong in xoay chiu a
vao dy qun phn ng, gi cho chiu lc tac dung khng i, do o lc tac dung ln rotor
cung theo mt chiu nht nh, am bao ng c co chiu quay khng i (hnh 4.5b).

(a) (b)
Hnh 4.5 M ta nguyn ly lam vic cua ng c in mt chiu

2. Sdd phn u ng va mmen din tu
Khi quay rto, cac thanh dn cua dy qun phn ng ct t trng phn cam, trong
mi thanh dn cam ng s trung bnh la :
(4.2) lv B e
tb tb
=
trong o :
l
B
tb
= t cam trung bnh trong khe h;

l la chiu dai cua thanh dn;

60
n
p 2
60
Dn
v =
= tc dai.
Vi: D: ng knh ngoai phn ng; : bc cc; p : s i cc t.
n : tc vong; : t thng khe h di mi cc t.

Hnh 4.6 Xac nh s phn ng va momen in
t trong may i n mt chiu
a) T trng cc t; b) S ky hiu dy qun;
U
E
S
M
n
B
tb B

(a)
(b)

Th vao (4.2), ta co s trung bnh trong mt thanh dn :

60
n
e = p
tb
2
T pha c gop nhn vao phn ng ta thy dy qun co th biu th bng s ky hiu
nh hnh 4.6b. T o ta thy dy qun gm nhiu phn t ni tip nhau tao thanh mach vong
kn. Cac chi in chia dy qun thanh nhiu nhanh song song. Khi phn ng quay, v tr phn
t thay i nhng nhn t ngoai vao vn la nhiu mach nhanh song song. S phn ng bng
tng cac s thanh dn trong mt nhanh. Nu goi s thanh dn cua dy qun phn ng la N,
s i mach nhanh song song la a (2a s nhanh song song), s thanh dn cua mt nhanh song
song N/2a. Vy s cua dy qun phn ng la s cua mt nhanh song song bng:
= = = =
M E tb
k n k n
a 60
pN
e
2a
N
E (4.3)
trong o:
60
2 n
= la tc goc cua phn ng;
a 60
pN
k
E
= ,
a 2
pN
k
M
= h s phu thuc vao kt cu cua may.

T cng thc (4.3) ta thy, thay i s phn ng th co th thay i tc hoc thay
i t thng tc la thay i dong in kch t va mun i chiu s th hoc i chiu
quay, hoc i chiu dong in kch t.
Mmen din tu va cng sut din tu cua may din mt chiu
Khi may in lam vic trong dy qun phn ng se co dong in chay qua. Tac dung
cua t trng ln dy dn co dong in se sinh ra mmen in t trn truc may.
Lc in t tac dung ln tng thanh dn:

li B f
tb
=
Nu tng s thanh dn cua dy qun phn ng la N va dong in trong mach nhanh la i
=
I
/2a th mmen in t tac dung ln dy qun phn ng:

2
D
N l
2a
I
B M
tb
=
trong o: I
: dong in phn ng.

a : s i mach nhanh song song.
D : ng knh ngoai phn ng
l : chiu dai tac dung cua thanh dn.
Do:
=
p 2
D va
l
B
tb
= , nn ta co:

M
I k I
a 2
pN
M =
= (Nm) (4.4)
T cng thc (4.4) ta thy, mun thay i mmen in t, ta phai thay i dong in
phn ng I
hoc thay i dong in kch t I

t
. Trong may phat in mt chiu mmen in t
la mmen ham v vy ngc chiu quay phat in, con trong ng c in mt chiu, mmen
in t la mmen quay nn cung chiu quay vi ng c.
Cng sut ng vi mmen in t ly vao i vi may phat va a ra i vi ng c
goi la cng sut in t va bng:
(4.5) M P
t
=
trong o: M la momen in t;
Thay vao cng thc trn ta co:

t
I E I n
a 60
pN
60
n 2
I
a 2
pN
M P = =
= = (4.6)
T cng thc ny ta thy c quan h gia cng sut in t vi momen in t va s
trao i nng lng trong may in. Trong may phat in cng sut in t a chuyn cng
sut c M thanh cng sut in E
. Con trong ng c in, cng sut in t a chuyn

cng sut in E
thanh cng sut c M.

Tn hao va cac phuong trinh cn bng
Tn hao trong may in mt chiu gm cac loai sau:
Tn hao co p
Co
: gm tn hao bi, tn hao ma sat chi than vi vanh gop, tn hao
thng gio ... tn hao ny phu thuc vao tc quay va lam cho bi, vanh gop nong ln.
Tn hao st p
Fe
: tn hao do dong in xoay va t tr trong loi thep gy nn. Tn hao ny
phu thuc vao vt liu, chiu day cua tm thep, trong lng loi thep, t cam va tn s.
Cac tn hao trn khi ktai a tn tai nn goi la tn hao khng tai: P
0
= p
c
+ p
Fe
.
Tn hao d ng p
Cu
:
+ Tn hao ng trong mach phn ng:
Tn hao ng trong dy qun phn ng: I
2
r
.
Tn hao ng trong dy qun cc t phu: I
2
r
f
.
Tn hao tip xuc gia chi than va vanh gop : 2U
t x
= 2V nn p
t x
= 2I
.
Gop tt ca cac tn hao trn lai goi la tn hao ng trn phn ng:
p
= I
2
R
. Vi R
. = r
+ r
f
+ r
tx
+ Tn hao ng trong mach kch thch:
Tn hao ng trong dy qun kch thch.
Tn hao trn bin tr iu chnh trong mach kch t, vy : p
Cut
= U
t
I
t
,
trong o : U
t
in ap t ln mach kt, I
t
: dong in kch t.
Tn hao phu p
f
:
+ Trong thep: t trng phn b khng u, anh hng rng ranh.
+ Trong ng: qua trnh i chiu lam dong thay i,.. ly 1%P
m
.
Phng trnh cn bng in ap may phat mt chiu: U= E
- R
.
Phng trnh cn bng in ap ng c mt chiu : U= E
+ R
.
3. May phat mt chiu
A. MAY PHAT KICH TU DC LP
Dong in kch t I
t
do ngun mt chiu ngoai may tao ra, khng phu thuc dong in
phn ng I
. Trn hnh 4.7 la mach in tng ng cua may phat in mt chiu c lp.
Cac phng trnh cua may phat
mt chiu kch t c lp :
U
I

R

R

+
_

I

E
+
_
U
t
I
t
R
c
R
t
Hnh 4.7 Mach tng dng cua ma y phat kch t c lp
Phng trnh in ap :
+ Mach kch t :

t mt t
I R U =
+ Mach phn ng :

I R U E + =
I I
=

c t mt
R R R + = ;
R : in tr mach phn ng.

a. c tnh khng tai : E = f( ) khi I=0 va n = const
t
I
Lu y cac im sau :
Luc = 0 vn co mt s nho E
t
I
d
do t d cua loi thep.
Trong oan E
d
A. s E ty l .
t
I
Trong oan chuyn tip AB, s E
tng chm hn
t
I
E
d
E
I
t
A
B
C
Bao ho Trong oan bao hoa BC, s E tng
khng ang k.
im lam vic bnh thng cua may
nm trn oan chuyn tip v nu trn oan
tuyn tnh s E se thay i nhiu theo dong
in nn in ap ra cua may b dao ng;
con trn oan bao hoa dong in ln lam
tng tn hao.
t
I
a
Chuyn ti p
Tuyn tnh
Hnh 4.8 c tnh khng tai
t
I

b. c tnh ngoai : U =f(I), khi n = const va = const.
t
I

Hnh 4.9 c tnh ngoai
U
o
U
R
I

Hnh 4.10 c tnh iu chnh
I
t0
I
t
I
Sut ap do phan
ng phn ng
E
U
I
m
R
I

U
m

I

Tac dung fan ng phn ng lam t thng giam, keo theo s E
giam.
in ap ri trong mach phn ng R
tng.
bin i in ap nh mc cu a may pha t : (I
t
= I
tm
)
)% 15 5 ( 100
U
U U
% U
m
m o
m
=
= (4.7)
c. c tnh iu chnh : I
t
=f(I) khi U va = C
te

gi in ap may phat khng i khi tai tng, phai tng dong in k.t .
t
I
MAY FAT DIN MT CHIU KICH TU SONG SONG
a. Mach in tng ng va ca c phng trnh cn b ng
; I I I
ts
+ =

I R E U = ; RI I R U
ts mt t
= =
b. iu ki n t kch
Quay may phat vi khi I
tai
= 0 va = 0. Nh co
ts
I
d
may se co s trn u
cc cua may. Khi mach kch t c ni vi u cc may phat, se co hai trng hp xay ra :
d
E
1. S E
d
tao ra tao ra
ts
I ,
ts
I
t
cung chiu
d
. Tthng cc t tng
dn ln, s E tng theo va may t kch c.
d t
+ =
2. Nu ngc chiu, se trit tiu
t
d
, may k
0
t kch c.
Gia s may t kch c va I
tai
=0, luc o E va nghim cua h:
ts
I
E = f(I
ts
) va E = R
mt
I
ts
.
ng E = f(I
ts
) phu thuc ; ng E = R
mt
I
ts
phu thuc vao R
mt
va tao vi truc I
ts
mt
goc . Chung ct nhau tai M.
mt
arctgR =
Gia thit gi = C
te
, nu R
mt
tng, ng thng cam tip xuc vi c tnh khng tai ng
vi in tr ti han R
th
, luc o in ap khng n nh. Nu tip tuc tng R
mt
may se lam vic
vi E
d
.

R
f1
0
M
I
kt
I
ts
R
ft
R
f3
E
E
E
d
E=f(I
ts

)
U=R
mt
I
ts
Hnh 4.12 iu kin t kch

U
I

R

R

+

_

I

E

I
ts
R
c
R
ts
Hnh 4.11 Mach tng dng
cua may phat kch t song song

Tom lai i u kin t kch la :
1. Phai co t d trong h thng mach t (may).
2. T thng do s E
d
tao ra cung chiu t d.
3. Bin tr mach kch t R
mt
phai u be (R
mt
< R
th
).
c. c tnh ngoai : U = f(I), khi n = const, R
mt
= const.
Khi tai I tng, in ap U cua may phat kch t song song giam nhiu hn may phat kch t
c lp v
+ anh hng cua fan ng phn ng va
+ in ap ri trn R
nh trong may phat kch t c lp va thm

+ khi U giam khin I
ts
va E giam theo nn U giam nhiu hn so vi ktl. Ta ve chung hai
c tnh so sanh. Ta thy U
m
cua may phat kch t song song cung ln hn may phat kch
t c lp : U
m
= (10-20)%
im c bit cua may phat kch t song song la dong in tai ch tng n mt tr s
nht nh I = I
th
sau o nu tip tuc tng tai th dong in I khng tng ma giam nhanh n tr
s I
o
xac nh bi t d trong may, im P. S d nh vy la do may lam vic trong tnh trang
khng bao hoa ng vi oan thng cua c tnh t hoa, dong in I
ts
giam se lam cho E va U
giam rt nhanh. in ap U giam nhanh hn dong I
ts
a lai kt qua la dong tai I giam n I
o
.
Nh vy s c may phat kch t song song khng gy nguy him nh may phat kch t c lp
.
Hnh 4.13 c tnh ngoai cua may
phat mt chiu . 1. Kch t c lp;
2. Kch t song song.
U
I
m

U
m
I
1
P
o
2
I
th I
d

U
m

d. c tnh iu chnh
iu chnh in ap, ta phai iu chnh dong in kch t, ng c tnh iu chnh
cua may phat kch t song song I
ts
= f(I), khi in ap U va tc n khng i ve trn hnh
30.4.
MAY PHAT DIN MT CHIU KICH TU HN HOP
a. Mach in tng ng phng trnh cn bng
Phng trnh cn bng :
; I I ; I I I
tn ts
= + = U IR R I E
tn
+ + =
U R I I R U
tn tn ts mt t
+ = =
Dong I
tn
tao ra , nu
n n s
+ = : may phat kch t hn hp ni thun, con
: may phat kch t hn hp ni ngc. S trong biu thc la :
n s
=
) ( n C n C E
n s E E
= =

I
t0
I
ts
I
Hnh 4.16 c tnh ngoai cua may phat
in mt chiu kch t hn hp. 1. Bu
tha. 2. Bu u 3. Bu thiu 4. Ni ngc
U
m
U
I
m
I
4
3
2
1
U
I

R

R

+
_

I

E

I
ts
R
c
R
ts
cua may phat kch t hn hp
R
tn
b. c tnh ngoai : U = f(I), khi n = const, R
mt
= const.
Goi U
0
la in ap luc khng tai va U
m
la in ap y tai.
Ta co : I R I R E U
tn
= va = ) ( k E
n s M

khi dong tai I tng, in ap U thay i phu thuc vao ln cua
n
so vi tc la phu
thuc vao s vong dy W
s
n
cua cun ktnt. c tnh ngoai cua mfkthh vi :
+ Kch t hn hp ni thun : ng (3) bu thiu; ng (2) bu u; ng (1) bu tha.
+ Kch t hn hp ni ngc : ng (4), do ni ngc nn t thng tng giam nhiu khi
tai tng nn U giam rt nhanh.

Hnh 4.18 c tnh ngoai cua may phat
in mt chiu kch t hn hp. 1. Bu
tha. 2. Bu u 3. Bu thiu 4. Ni ngc
U
m
U
I
m
I
4
3
2
1

U
I

R

R

+

_
I

E

I
ts
R
c
R
ts
cua may phat kch t hn hp
R
tn

c. c tnh iu chnh
gi U u cc may phat in khng i,
ta phai iu chnh dong in kch t, ng c
tnh iu chnh cua may phat kch t hn hp I
ts

= f(I), khi U va n=C
te
c trnh bay trn hnh
4.14. Trong o la ng 1 la khi ni thun bu
tha, ng 2 ni thun bu bnh thng va
ng 3- ni ngc.
I
ts

4. Dng co din mt chiu
A. DNG CO DI N M T CHIU KICH TU SONG SONG (C LP)
a. Mach in tng ng va cac phng trnh cn bng
Mach in tng ng c trnh bay trn hnh 4.20; vi cac ky hiu tng t nh
may phat, ta co cac phng trnh cn bng la :
(4.9a)
kt
I I I + =
cua may phat in mt chiu
kch t hn hp.
I
to
I
3
2
1
I
m

kt kd c
kt
R
U
R R
U
I =
+
= (4.9b)
= =
M
k I R U E (4.9c)
b. c tnh vn tc theo dong kch t n=f(I
kt
).

n
I

R

I
+
_
M
I
kt
R
c
Hnh 4.20 Mach tng dng cua
ng c kch t song song
Ta

n
I
kt
Hnh 4.21 c tnh tc
theo dong kch thch
0
R
c
R
c
= 0

i
U
R
kq
E

c tnh tc theo dong kch t la ng cong n = f(I
kt
), khi I
= const va U = const.
Theo biu thc (4.9c), n t l nghch vi t thng ) I (
kt
; trong khi o quan h
co dang ng cong t hoa B(H). Vy n = f(I
) I (
kt
kt
) co dang hypebn nh hnh 4.21. T c
tnh ny cho thy, iu chnh tc ng c kch t song song ta iu chnh dong in
kch t I
kt
. y la u im ng c mt chiu so vi ng c xoay chiu.
c. c tnh c = f(M).
o la ng cong quan h = f(M), khi I
t
= const va U = const. Rut I
t cng thc (4.9)

va thay vao (4.9), ta co :
M
) (k
R
k
U
M
M
2
= (4.10)
Nu in ap U va t thng khng i th c tnh c la ng thng dc xung nh
trnh bay trn hnh 4.22. Moment tng th tc giam rt t, nh vy c tnh c cng. Trong
nhng may in thc t thng giam do phan ng phn ng, nn M hay I
tng lam tc giam

t hn so vi trnh bay trn hnh 4.21. Nh vy, phan ng phn ng co li trong vic iu
khin tc ng c mt chiu.

Hnh 4.22 c tnh c cua ng c kch t song song

0

M
M
m
M
0
Nu M
2
= 0 va M
0
= 0 th I
= 0, ng c quay vi
tc khng tai ly tng :
=
M
1
k
U
Luc khng tai ng c cung phai ly I
0
bu
vao P
0
, va quay vi
0
<
1
mt t :

1
M
o
o
k
I R U

=
T cng thc (4.10), ta thy iu chnh tc ng c mt chiu co ba phng phap :
1. iu chnh in ap U t vao mach phn ng U.
2. iu chnh t thng .
3. iu chnh in tr phu mc ni tip vi mach phn ng.
Tom lai, tc cua ng c in mt chiu tng khi U va tng hay in tr phu giam,
iu o se cp sau.
B. DNG CO DI N M T CHIU NI TIP (se rie)
a. Mach in tng ng va cac phng trnh

ng c kch t ni tip co cun
kch t mc ni tip vi cun dy phn
ng. V dong kch t bng dong in
phn ng nn cun kch t co tit din
ln, t vong dy va in tr nho. Mach
in tng ng trnh bay trn hnh
4.23, vi R
kn
la in tr cua dy qun
kch t ni tip.

n
I

R

I
+
_

M

E

Hinh 4.23 Mach tng dng
cua ng c kch t song song
Ta

i
R
kn
U

Cac phng trnh cn bng la :
(4.11)
n
I I I = =
n k I ) R R ( U E
E n
= + = (4.12)
Chu y : y dong in va t thng
I ) (
I phu thuc tai cua ng c.

b. c tnh c = f(M).
o la ng cong quan h ) M ( f = khi in ap U =
const.
Theo cng thc (4.4) va , ta co :
I k
=
(4.13)
2
M
I k k M

=
Khi I
nho, t biu thc (4.10) va (4.13), ta co :

+
=
k k
R R
M
1
k k
U
M
n
M
(4.14a)
B
M
A
= (4.14b)
Vy c tnh c cua ng c kch thch ni tip co dang
hypebn (hnh 4.33). Khi tc = 0 moment khi ng M
k
cua ng c kch thch ni tip
co gia tr rt ln. Khi tai giam nhiu, I
nho, nho, ng c se quay rt nhanh. c bit luc

ng c khng tai, dong in I
= I
0
rt nho khin tc qua ln, rt nguy him. V vy cn
phai vn hanh ng c kch t ni tip sao cho tnh trang khi ngkhng tai hoc lam vic
khng tai khng xay ra; va cung cn tranh ng c lam vic qua non tai.
Hnh 4.24 c tnh cua ng c
kch t song song
0
M
k

0
M
M
m
M
0
Khi I
ln, mach t bao hoa, t thng (I
) tng chm hn ngha la (I
) < nn
c tnh trn hypebn o.
I k
C. DNG CO DI N M T CHIU KICH TU H N HOP

a) Mach in tng ng va cac phng trnh
Ging may phat kch t hn hp, trn mi cc t mang hai dy qun kch t : song song
co in tr R
s
; ni tip co in tr R
n
.
T hnh 4.25, ta vit c cac phng trnh lam vic la:
; (4.15a)

kt
I I I + =
n
I I =
kq kn n n
I ) R R ( U I R I R U E + = = (4.15b)

n
I

R

I
+
_

M
E
Hinh 4.25 Mach tng dng

cua ng c kch t hn hp
Ta

i
R
kn
U
R
kq
R
dc
I
t

b) c tnh c (tc - Moment) = f(M).
o la ng cong quan h ) M ( f = khi in ap U = const va in tr iu chnh R
c

=const.

Bit c quan h ) (
I f
n
= , t (4.35) va (4.36), ta co :

0

M

2
3
1
4
Hnh 4.26 Cac c tnh cua ng c mt chiu.
(1) song song ; (2) ni tip ; (3) hn hp cng ; (4) hn
hp tr.

M
m
' ' '
o
' '
o
'
o
M(I
)
(I
m
)
0
Hnh 4.27 c tnh c cua ng
c in mt chiu kch t song
song vi cac I
kt
khac nhau

2 2
) ( k
M ) R R (
) ( k
U
n s M
n
n s M

+

= (4.17)
y chnh la phng trnh thng s cua ng cong c tnh c ng c mt chiu
(hnh 4.26).
D. DI U CHINH TC D DNG CO DIN MT CHIU
c tnh c cua cac loai ng c mt chiu trnh bay trn hnh 4.27, con phu tai khac
nhau yu cu tc khac nhau. V vy phu hp vi tai cn phai iu chnh tc ng c
luc co tai.
T cng thc (4.17), ta vit lai nh sau :
2 2
) ( k
M ) R R R (
) ( k
U
n s M
p n
n s M

+ +

= (4.18)
Trong o, R
p
: in tr phu mc vao mach phn ng.
Ta co cac phng phap iu chnh tc nh sau :
+ iu chnh tc bng cach thay i t thng .
+ iu chnh tc bng cach thay i in ap U.
+ iu chnh tc bng cach thay i in tr phu R
p
.
ng c kch t song song (c lp)
a) iu chnh tc bng cach thay i t thng
Nu thay i
n
bng cach thay i R
c
thay i I
kt
(hnh 4.20) th ng vi cac tr s
khac nhau cua R
c
ta co cac c tnh c nh hnh 4.27. Cac ng c tnh nay co >
o
m o
,
va se giao nhau trn truc hoanh khi = 0 :

R
U
I = (4.19)
Do iu kin i chiu, cac ng c thng dung hin nay co th iu chnh tc quay
bng phng phap nay trong gii han 1:2. Cung co th san xut ng c co gii han iu
chnh 1:5, thm ch 1:8.
b) iu chnh tc bng cach thay i in ap U
Cn hai ngun: mt ngun co th iu chnh in ap c ni vi mach phn ng
va mt ngun khac ni vi mach kch t. H thng T- (Thyristor - ng c) nh trnh bay
(hnh 539). ang s dung ph bin. B bin i A va B c ni song song ngc, trong o
b B c dung khi cn i chiu quay ng c.
Khi thay i U, ho c tnh c trnh bay trn hnh 4.40. ng 1 ng vi U
m
, ng 3 va
2 ng vi U
3
< U
2
< U
m
, con ng 4 ng vi U
4
> U
m
.

c) iu chnh tc bng cach thay i in tr phu R
f
.
Mc thm R
p
vao mach phn ng (hnh 4.36), ta thy tc ng c giam. Ta co ho c
tnh c ng vi cac tr s khac nhau cua R
p
, trong o R
p
= 0 la c tnh c t nhin. Ta thy
nu R
p
cang ln c tnh c cang dc, tc c tnh c cang mm, ngha la tc se thay i
nhiu khi tai thay i.
Xem bang cac dung cu phu luc C bit cac dung cu cn thit cho bai th nghim.
III. NI DUNG THI NGHIM :
Thit lp thit bj :
Cai cac Module ngun in, Giao din thu thp d li u va may in mt
chiu trong h thng EMS.
DAI LOW POWER INPUTS c ni vi ngun cung cp chnh, t cng
tc ngun AC-24V v tr I (ON) va cap det cua may tnh c ni vi DAI.
Hin th ng dung Metering, chon File cu hnh DCMOTOR1.CFG.
1. DO DIN TRO MT CHIU CUA MACH PHN U NG VA MA CH KICH
THICH.
So d thi nghim hinh 4.30.
+ S dung ngun cung cp la ngun in mt
chiu (DC) iu chnh c t 0-220V.
+ Trn ca s Metering chuyn sang ch o
dong in va in ap mt chiu DC.
+ Dung ngun in mt chiu u 7-N, Vnk
E1 va Ampek I1 u ni vi cac cun dy cua dy
qun phn ung nh hnh 1 o R
va sau o cho dy
qun kich thich song song (Shunt) d do R
f
.
+
E
2
1
+
I1
E
Hinh 4-30
U
m
4

3

2

M
m M(I
)
(I
m
)
n
0
Hnh 4.28 c tnh c (tc )
cua ng c in mt chi u kch
t c lp vi cac U khac nhau
1

o4
o1
o2
o3
R
p
=0
M
m M(I
)
(I
m
)
0
Hnh 4.29 c tnh c (tc )
cua ng c in mt chi u kch t
song song vi cac R
p
kha c nhau
R
p1
o
R
p2
R
p3
+ Bt ngun, xoay num iu chnh tng dn in ap t vao hai u dy qun in
ap bng 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0U
m
i vi dy qun kch t va dong in bng 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,
0.4I
m
i vi dy qun phn ng.
+ Ghi lai cac tr s o c trn cac ca s o E1 va I1 vao may tnh bng cach a
con tro chut n nut record data. Sau khi o ht cac cun dy, m bang s liu ghi vao
bang 1.
+ Tt ngun, xoay num iu chnh in ap v v tr min, thao g cac dy ni.

Bang 1
Mach kch t
I1(A)
E1(V)
Mach phn ng
I1(A)
E1(V)

2. THI NGHIM MAY FAT DI N MT CHIU.
a) May fat din mt chiu kich tu dc lp:
S th nghim nh hnh ve :

MF
MC
E1
1
2
+
K
I1
R
1
Prime
Mover
+
T
N
I2
KT
+
6
7 8
5
I
t
I
+
R
c

Hnh 4.31 : S th nghim khng tai va co tai may phat mt chiu

Thi nghim ly dc tinh khng tai:(hinh4.31 )
+ Bin tr iu chnh R
c
v tr ln nht (1000).
+ Cng tc MODE v tr Prime Mover.
+ Cng tc DISPLAY v tr Speed (n).
Bang 2
Khng tai (I1 = 0)
I2(A) 0

E1(V)
Co tai (I2 = A)
I1(A) 0

E1(V)
Thanh lp c tnh iu chnh
I2(A)
I1(V)
+ H K, bt ngun va iu chnh tng dn in ap U c vao ng c s cp (Pime
mover) at n tc n = n
m
cua may phat in mt chiu.
+ iu chnh R
c
tng dong in kch t cho n khi in ap u cc FM bng
1.2U
m
. trong qua trnh tng I
t
, a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi kt
qua vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 2 (hoc dung may in in
bang s liu).
Thi nghim co tai: (hinh 4.31 )
m
.
+ ong K tng dn tai cho n khi tai nh mc, trong qua trnh tng tai nu in ap
sut th phai tng dong in kch t U = U
m
. Trong qua trnh tng tai nu tc n giam th
phai iu chnh n = n
m
. Sau o giam dn tai, trong qua giam tai a con tro chut n nut
record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o c vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu o
c ghi vao bang 2.
Thanh lp dc tinh diu chnh: (hinh 4.31 )
m
.
+ ong K tng dn tai. Mi ln tng tai, nu in ap U va tc n giam th phai iu
chnh dong in kch t gi U va n bng nh mc. Sau o a con tro chut n nut
record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o c vao may tnh. M bang s liu o c ghi
vao bang 2.
b) May fat din mt chiu kich tu song song:
S th nghim nh hnh 4.32:
Thi nghim khng tai:(hinh 4.32 )
+ bin tr iu chnh R
c
v tr ln nht (1000).
+ H K, bt ngun va iu chnh tng dn in ap U c vao ng c s cp n
at tc n = n
m
cua FM.
+ Giam R
c
tng dong in kch thch cho n khi in ap u cc FM bng 1.2U
m
.
trong qua trnh tng i
t
, a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o
c vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 3 (hoc dung may in in
bang s liu).

Prime
Mover
MF
MC
E1
1
2
+
+
K
I1
R
1
T
N
KT
+
6
7
8
5
I
t
I
+
R
c
I2
I

Hnh 4.32: S th nghi m MFMC kch thch song song

Thi nghim co tai: (hinh 4.32 )
+ Lam ging nh th nghim khng tai thanh lp in ap.
+ ong K tng dn tai cho n khi tai nh mc. Trong qua trnh tng tai, a con tro
chut n nut record data, nhp chut ghi kt qua o c vao may tnh. Trong qua trnh
tng tai nu tc n giam th phai iu chnh in ap n = n
m
.Sau o m bang s liu o
c ghi vao bang 3 (hoc dung may in in bang s liu).
Thanh lp dc tinh diu chnh: (hinh 4.32 )
m
.
+ ong K tng dn tai. Mi ln tng tai, nu in ap U va tc n giam th phai iu
chnh gi U va n bng nh mc. Sau o a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp
chut ghi kt qua o c vao may tnh. M bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 3

Bang 3
Khng tai (I1 = 0)
I = I2(A) 0

U=E1(V)
Co tai
I
t
= I2(A)

I = I1(A) 0
U=E1(V)
Thanh lp c tnh iu chnh
I = I2(A)
U=E1(V)
c) May fat din mt chiu kich tu hn hop:
S th nghim nh hnh 4.33 va 4.34 :
Thi nghim co tai : (hinh 4.3, ni thun)

Prime
Mover
MF
MC
E1
1
2
+
+
K
I1
R
1
T
N
KTss
+
6
7
8
5
I
t
I
+
R
c
I2
4
3
KTnt

Hnh 4.33a: S th nghim MFMC kch thch hn h p ni thun

Prime
Mover
MF
MC
E1
1
2
+
+
K
I1
R
1
T
N
KTss
+
6
7
8
5
I
t
I

+
R
c
I2
3
4
KTnt

Hnh 4.34: S th nghi m MFMC kch thch hn h p ni ngc

+ Lam ging nh th nghim khng tai trn thanh lp in ap.
tng tai nu n giam th phai iu chnh in ap n = n
m
.Sau o m bang s liu o c
ghi vao bang 4 (hoc dung may in in bang s liu).
Thi nghim co tai : (hinh 4.34) ni nguoc)
+ Lam ging nh th nghim khng tai trn thanh lp in ap.
tng tai nu n giam th phai iu chnh in ap n = n
m
.Sau o m bang s liu o c
ghi vao bang 4.
Bang 4
Ni thun (hinh 4a)
i
t
= I2(A)

I = I1(A) 0
U=E1(V)
Ni ngc (hinh 4b)
i
t
= I2(A)

I = I1(A) 0
U=E1(V)
3. THI NGHIM DNG CO DIN MT CHIU.
a) Ly dc tinh co dng co mt chiu KT dc lp
S ni dy th nghim hnh 4.35
+ bin tr iu chnh R
c
v tr max.(1000).
+ Cng tt MODE v tr Dinamoteur.
+ Cng tt DISPLAY v tr Speed (N ).
+ Cng tt Load control mode v tr MAN va xoay mum iu chnh v v tr min.

+
DINA
C
+
+
5
6
7
I1
E1

T
N
I2
R
c
8
KT
I
t
I

1
2

Hnh 4.35 S th nghim ly c tnh c ng c mt chiu KT c lp
+ M ca s o momen va tc ghi s liu.
+ ong ngun tng dn in ap t vao phn ng ng c U = U
m
. iu chnh dong
in kch t n = 1,05n
m
(Khoang 1575vg/ph). Sau o xoay mum iu chnh Load control
tng momen. Trong qua trnh tng tai, a con tro chut n nut record data, nhp chut
ghi kt qua o c vao may tnh. Sau o m bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 4.
Bang 5
c tnh c
N(Vg/ph)

T(N.m) 0
I1(A)

E1(V)

b) Diu chnh tc d dng co mt chiu Kich Tu dc lp
Thay di tu thng: (So d thi nghim hinh 4.35)
+ Lam nh th nghim ly c tnh c. Sau o thay i dong in kch t va lam lai
nh trn. Ly khoang 3 ga tr dong kch t. Sau o m bang s liu o c ghi vao bang 6.

Bang 6
c tnh c khi i
t
= A
N(Vg/ph)

T(N.m) 0
c tnh c khi i
t
= A
N(Vg/ph)

T(N.m) 0
Thay di din ap dt vao mach phn ung: (So d thi nghim hinh 4.35)
+ Lam nh th nghim ly c tnh c. Sau o thay i in ap c vao mach phn ng
va lam lai nh trn. Ly khoang 3 ga tr in ap c vao mach phn ng. Sau o m bang s
liu o c ghi vao bang 7.
Bang 7
c tnh c khi U = V
N(Vg/ph)

T(N.m) 0
c tnh c khi U = V
N(Vg/ph)

T(N.m) 0

S liu ng c Mt chiu va May phat Mt chiu :
IV. BAO CAO THI NGHIM
1. T cac s liu bang 1, tnh in tr cua cac cun dy theo cng thc sau:
12
12
1
I
U
R = ;
4
R R R
R
tb
4 3 2 1
R + + +
=
2. T s liu bang 2, 3 o c ve cac c tnh cua may phat in. Nhn xe t cac ng
c thnh o va so sanh vi dang ly thuyt a hoc.
3. Tnh bin i in ap nh mc may phat mt chiu KT c lp:
100
U
U E
U
m
m
m
%

=
4. T s liu bang 4 ve cac ng c tnh ngoai cua may phat in kch t hn hp ni
thun va ni ngc cung chung trn mt h truc toa . Nh n xet cac ng c thnh
o va so sanh vi dang ly thuyt a hoc.
5. T s liu bang 5 o c ve c tnh c va t s liu bang 6, 7 kt hp vi bang 5 ve
ho c tnh c cua ng c in mt chiu khi thay i t thng va thay i in ap
a vao mach phn ng. Nhn xet cac ng c thnh o va so sanh vi dang ly
thuyt a hoc.
6. Trn c s s liu bang 5, tnh va ve c tnh hiu sut cau ng c.
Khi khng tai: Cng sut tng a vao may k ca tn hao ng:

f c Fe Cu tg
P P P P UI P + + + = =

Trong o:
Cu tg c Fe
P P P P = +
vi P
Cu
= R
I
2
Va P
f
= tn hao phu khng ang k
V. CU HOI KIM TRA
1. Muc ch th nghim.
2. Phn bit cac s u ni kch thch c lp, song song va hn hp.
3. Y ngha cua cac ng c tnh may.
4. Cach xac nh cac thng s may.
4. Cach tao File cu hnh, bang s liu, lu s liu va ve th trong phn mm Lab -
Volt.

Trang Hng dn th nghim - Phn phu luc 1
PHU LUC

Cac ki hiu va thit bj du ni

Cac k hiu khac nhau s dung trong cac s mach c a ra trong cac bai th
nghim, la biu tng cho mt chc nng cua thit b. Vic s dung cac k hiu a n gian
hoa cac s mach mt cach ang k, nh o giam c s lng cac ch dn u ni giup
cho vic thao tac d dang hn.

220 - 380-10A
1
AC
2
3
N
0220 - 380-3A
4
AC
5
6
N
220 V-1A
7
DC
N

-
8
DC
N

-
0 - 220 V - 5A
24V - 3A - AC
0

1
RESET
1
0
POWER
0
10
20
30
50
60 40
70
80
90
100
L
1
L
2
L
3
AC
DC
4-5
5-6
6-4
4- 6-
7-
8-
5-
0
50
100 150
200
250
Lab-Volt
MODUN CP NGUN (8821 - 25)
Ghi chu :
Khng duoc dong ngun khi chua duoc phep GVHD
DC ( 7 - N ) : Gia trj cua ngun co th thay di duoc 0 - 220 V - 5A
DC ( 8 - N ) : Gia trj cua ngun c djnh 220 V - 1A
AC (1 - 2 - 3 - N ) : Gia trj cua ngun c djnh 220 - 380V - 10A
AC (4 - 5 - 6 - N ) : Gia trj cua ngun co th thay di duoc 0 220-380 V - 3A


VOLTAGES
400 V MAX
ISOLATION :750 V
E
2
E
3
I
1
I
2
I
3

CURRENTS
12 A MAX
ISOLATION :750 V
ANALOG INPUTS
( 10 V MAX )
T N
ANALOG OUTPUTS
( 10 V MAX )
T N
SYNC.INPUTS
(TTL )
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
AUXILIARY ANALOG INPUTS
( 10 V MAX )
POWER ON
LOW POWER INPUTS
24 V - AC
MODUN GIAO DIN THU THP DU LIU (9062 - 05)
E
1

MODUN MAY BIN AP BA PHA (3348V - 05 )
1
2 5
4
3 6
7 10
9
8
11
12 1
14
13
Ghi chu :
250VA - 380/380V - 0.7A
1 ~ 50 Hz - 3 Units
0 V
380 V 380 V
220 V
0 V 0 V
380 V 380 V
220 V
0 V 0 V
380 V 380 V
220 V
0 V


FOUR - POLE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
( DNG CO KHNG DNG B RTO L NG SOC B N CUC TU 8221 - 05
1
2
3
4
5
6
220 V- 0,7 A
220 V- 0,7 A
220 V- 0,7 A
RATING
175W - 1360 r/min- 380 V - 0,52 A
3~ - 50Hz
MODUN DNG CO / MAY PHA T MT CHIU (8211 - 05)
FIELD RHEOSTAT
1000 0
2
5 6
220 V- 0.3 A
MOTOR RATING
175W - 1500r/min - 220V - 1.5A

1
7
8
3 4
1.5 A
SERIES
SHUNT
220 - 1.5 A


MODUN DNG CO SO CP / DO MOMEN (8960-15)
RATING
0 - 3 Nm - 0 2500 r/min
PRIME MOVER : 750 w
DYNAMOMETER : 175 W
TORQUE
OUTPUT
SPEED
OUTPUT
SHAFT ENCODER
OUTPUT
A B
0 10 0 10 (TTL) (TTL)
PRIME MOVER
INPUT
1 2
0 150 V - DC
(TTL)
MODE
PRIM
E
MOVE
DYN
MANUAL
MIN
DYNAMOMETER
LOAD CONTROL
MODE
MAN EXT.
EXTERNAL
INPUT
10 V MAX
LOW POWER
INPUT
N-m
Ibf.in
r/min
MODUN DNG CO DNG B / MAY PHA T DNG B (8241 - 05)
N
N
S S
EXCITER
MIN
9
7 8
220 V - DC

1
2
3
4
5
6
220 V- 0,5 A
220 V- 0,5 A
220 V- 0,5 A
1
0
S
MOTOR RATING
175W - 1500r/min - 380V - 0.36A
3~ 50 H
Z
GENERATOR RATING
175W - 1500r/min - 380V - 0.17A
3~ 50 H
Z
500
SPEED
TORQU
DISPLA


Hinh B-1

1
0
1
0
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8
MODUL CAC TAI
I O
S
1
RATING
LAMPS : 23W - 450V
SWITCH : 1A - 450V
Lab - Volt
8621-05
SYNCHRONIZING MODULE
MDUN HOA DNG B
1 2 3
4 5 6
Cac mdun tai dung trong th nghim : mdun tai tr 8311, mdun tai in khang
8321, mdun tai in dung 8331. Hnh B-1 ch dn cach m ta cac thanh phn tai va u ni
kt. Cac t hp mc ni song song c dung cho cac tai co tnh cam hoc co tnh dung .

TN May Dien

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DAI HOC DA NNG

TRUO NG DAI HOC BA CH KHOA

= (ng vi dong in nh mc)

(ng vi dong in nh mc)

, goi la tu thng phan ung phn ung, i qua khe h

, nh v y trong khe h khng kh co hai thanh phn t thng,

. Gia thit mach t cha

cam ng. Con s tng E

sinh ra. S kch thch E

, goi la sdd phan ung phn ung, phu thuc vao

do dong in I. Cng thc 3.5 c viet lai nh sau :

goi la in khang phan ng phn ng c trnh bay trn hnh 3.1c. Nu dy

la in tr tac dung va gn bng 1,6 ln in tr mt chiu cua

= t cam trung bnh trong khe h;

= h s phu thuc vao kt cu cua may.

/2a th mmen in t tac dung ln dy qun phn ng:

: dong in phn ng.

hoc thay i dong in kch t I

. Con trong ng c in, cng sut in t a chuyn

thanh cng sut c M.

R : in tr mach phn ng.

nh trong may phat kch t c lp va thm

t cng thc (4.9)

tng lam tc giam

I phu thuc tai cua ng c.

nho, t biu thc (4.10) va (4.13), ta co :

nho, nho, ng c se quay rt nhanh. c bit luc

ln, mach t bao hoa, t thng (I

) tng chm hn ngha la (I

C. DNG CO DI N M T CHIU KICH TU H N HOP

Hinh 4.25 Mach tng dng

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