Trng SPKTHY Khoa : in-in T

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TI : THIT K MCH NGUN MT CHIU N P

Nhm sinh vin thc hin : 1.Nguyn c Cnh 2.Hong Vn Chnh 3 o Vn Chung Kha Ngnh o to S n v hc trnh : 2011-2015 : in-in T : 2 tn ch

Ni dung cn hon thnh : Lp k hoch thc hin v bo co ng tin . Nghin cu ng dng thc t ca mch. Gii thiu thng s , ng dng ca cc phn t trong mch. Tnh ton , la chn linh kin. Quyn thuyt minh v cc bn v

Gio vin hng dn : L Vn t

Trng SPKTHY Khoa : in-in T

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Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn:

....

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MC LC LI NI U...4

Phn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V MT S LOI LINH KIN DNG TRONG MCH. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. in tr ..5 T in ............................8 Diode..10 Bin p20 IC n p...23

Phn 2:S v nguyn l lm vic ca mch in 1.S nguyn l..32 2.Nguyn l lm vic..35 3.Ti liu tham kho....42 Kt lun .. 43

Trng SPKTHY Khoa : in-in T

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Li M u
Cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t v khoa hc k thut trn con ng cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc. Ngnh in-in t ni chung c nhng bc tin vt bc v mang li nhng thnh qu ng k. thc y nn kinh t ca t nc ngy cng pht trin, giu mnh th phi o to cho th h tr c kin thc v k nng p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi.V vy cn i hi phi nng cao cht lng o to, a ra cc phng php cng vi trang thit b dy hc hin i vo trong ging ng, trng hc c nh vy th trnh ca sinh vin ngy cng cao mi p ng c nhu ca x hi. Trng HSPKT Hng Yn l mt trong s nhng trng rt tr trng n vic hin i ho trang thit b nhm nng cao hiu qu trong ging dy cng nh gip sinh vin c kh nng thc t cao. sinh vin c tng kh nng t duy v lm quen vi cng vic thit k, ch to chng em c giao cho thc hin n: Thit k, ch to b ngun mt chiu nhm cng c v mt kin thc trong qu trnh hc cng nh trn thc t. Sau khi nhn ti, nh s gip tn tnh ca thy L Vn t cng vi s l lc c gng ca c nhm, s tm ti, nghin cu ti liu, n nay n ca chng em v mt c bn hon thnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin d rt c gng nhng do trnh cn hn ch kinh nghim cn t nn khng th trnh khi sai st. Chng em mong nhn c s ch bo gip v ng gp kin ca cc thy,c gio trong khoa n ca chng em ngy cng hon thin hn!

Trng SPKTHY Khoa : in-in T

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Phn 1: GII THI CHUNG V MT S LOI LINH KIN U I KI IN T

1.IN TR
Khi nim in l loi linh kin th khng th thiu trong cc mch in v in t, ng n chng c tc dng cn tr dng in to st p thc hin chc nng ty theo v ng v tr ca in tr trong mch. K hiu : R Biu thc xc nh:

trong : - U: l hiu in th gi hai u vt dn in, o bng vn (V). gia - I: l cng dng in i qua vt dn in, o bng ampe (A). ng - R: l in tr ca vt d in, o bng Ohm ( ). a dn Phn loi C 3 loi in tr chnh (theo c to) : cu - Than p: Loi ny c cng sut < 3W v hot ng tn s thp. i - Mng than: Loi ny c cng su > 3W v hot ng tn s cao. i sut - Dy qun: Loi ny c cng su > 5W v hot ng tn s thp. i sut

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c im ca in tr:

- in tr lm vic ph thuc vo nhit ca n do tr s thay i khi

c dng chy qua do c hin tng bin i nng lng in thnh nng lng nhit trn thn in tr - Cng sut ca in tr P=U.I= I 2.R Vi: -P l cng sut (W). -U l hiu in th (V). -I l cng dng in (A) -R l gi tr ca in tr ( ). -Gi tr ca in tr cn thay i theo thi gian hay trong nhng iu kin c bit theo tn s tn hiu xoay chiu tc ng ln n. -Khi c hai hay nhiu in tr R1, R2,R3Rn mc ni tip nhau th in tr tng cng bng tng cc in tr :

R = R1 + R2 + R3+ Rn

Trng SPKTHY Khoa : in-in T Khi I=I1 =I2 = I3= In U = U1 + U2 + U3+ Un

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Khi mc hai hay nhiu in tr R1, R2,,Rn song song th in tr tng ng ca chng c tnh bi:

Khi U1=U2=U3==Un I1=I2=I3==In K hiu ca in tr trong mch in.

R
R
VR
o R t

Chun EU

Chun US

Bin tr

in tr nhit

Quang tr

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Hnh dng thc t mt s loi in tr.

10

5W

6,8

10W

in tr cng in in tr thng sut sut

tr

cng Bin tr

2. T IN Khi nim T in l mt loi linh kin th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc mch in t, c kh nng tch tr nng lng di dng t trng. K hiu l C Biu thc xc nh : Z C = Phn loi t in C rt nhiu phng php phn loi y ta da vo cht ch to bn trong ca t in th c cc loi sau: -Nhm t mica, t selen, t cemamic nhm ny lm vic khu vc tn s
1 (F) C

Trng SPKTHY Khoa : in-in T cao tn

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- Nhm t s, snh.giy du: nhm ny hot ng khu vc tn s trung bnh. - T ha lm vic khu vc tn s thp c im ca t in: - Dng tch in, v x in, ch cho tn hiu xoay chiu i qua, ngn dng mt chiu. - Kh nng np, x in nhiu hay t ph thuc vo in dung C ca t. - n v o in dung ca t mch: pF(picro Fara),nF(nano Fara), (micro Fara). - Ghp ni tip: Cc t C1, C2,..., Cn ghp ni tip th in dung tng ng C ca b t c gi tr xc nh bi. 1/C= (1/C1) + (1/C2) +.+(1/Cn) - Ghp t song song: Cc t C1, C2, ..., Cn ghp song song th in dung tng ng C ca b t c xc nh bi

C= C1 + C2 ++Cn
K hiu ca t in trong mch in.

T khng phn cc

T ho c phn cc

T ho c phn cc

T ho T bin dung khng cc phn v t vi chnh

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3. DIODE Khi nim Diode bn dn c cu to l m chuyn tip p-n vi hai in cc ni ra, o mt i cc ni ra t min p gi l Ant (A), c ni ra t min n gi l katt (K). i cc i K hiu:

Hnh dng tht ca diot

Cu to bn trong

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Khi diode c in th Ant dng hn so vi Katt, ta ni diode c phn cc thun i qua, diode dn in. Ngc li, khi diode c in th Ant m hn so Katt th diode b phn cc ngc, diode khng c dng in

Tnh cht ca diot Diode ch dn in theo mt chiu t anot n katot theo nguyn l dng in chy t ni c in th cao n ni c in th thp mun c dng in qua diode theo chiu t ni c in th cao n ni c in th thp cn phi t anot mt in th cao hn katot.Khi UAK>0 v ngc chiu vi in p tip xc (UTX).Nh vy mun c dng in qua diode th in trng do UAK sinh ra phi mnh hn in trng tip xc,tc la UAK>UTX.Khi mt phn ca in p UAK dng cn bng vi in p tip xc (khong 0,6 V)phn cn li dng to dng in thun qua diode.

Khi UAK>0,ta ni diode phn cc thun v dng in qua diode lc gi l dng in thun (chiu t A sang K). Khi UAK cn bng vi in p tip xc th diode tr nn dn in rt tt, tc l in tr ca diode lc rt thp (khong vi chc ohm).Do vy phn in p to ra dng in thun thng nh hn nhiu so vi phn in p dng cn bng vi UTX. Thng thng phn in p dng cn bng vi UTX cn khong 0.6V v phn in p to ra dng thun khong 0.1-0.5V ty theo dng thun vi chc mA hay ln n vi Ampe.Nh vy gi tr ca UAK c dng qua diode khong 0.6-1.1V. Ngng 0.6V l ngng diode bt u dn v UAK=0.7V th dng qua diode khong vi chc

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mA.Nu diode cn tt th n khng dn in theo chiu ngc t K-A.Thc t vn tn ti dng ngc nu diode b phn cc ngc vi hiu in th ln.Tuy nhin dng ngc rt nh c A v thng khng thng quan tm ti cac ng dng cng nghip.Mi diode chnh lu u khng dn in theo chiu ngc nhng nu in p ngc qu ln th diode b nh thng,dng in qua diode tng nhanh v t chy diode . v vy khi s dng tun th 2 iu kin sau : - Dng in thun qua diode khng c ln hn gi tr ti a cho php - in p phn cc ngc ( UAK ) khng c ln hn VBR (mt ngng nh thng ) VD : Diode 1N4007 c thng s k thut do hng sn xut nh sau VBR =1000V , IF MAX =1A , VF=1,1V khi IFMAX =IF Cho bit : - Dng in thun khng c ln hn 1A - Ungc MAX t vo diode khng c ln hn 1000V - Uthun (UAK ) c th tng n 1,1V nu Ithun = 1A Lu i vi diode chnh lu chung th UAK = 0,6V th diode bt u dn in v khi UAK = 0,7V th dng qua diode t n vi chuc mA c tuyn Von - Ampe ca diode bn dn.

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c tuyn Von-Ampe ca diode c chia lm 3 vng :

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Vng 1: ng vi trng hp phn cc thun in p nh dng in ln in tr nh () Vng 2: Diode phn cc ngc ( kho), in p vi chc n vi trm vol, dng in nh v in tr ln (k ). Vng 3: Vng nh thng, dng in tng t ngt, in p hu nh khng tng Nguyn nhn do nhit qu cao hoc in p ngc qu ln dn n diode mt tnh cht van dn

Cc tham s gii hn ca diode : - in p ngc cc i diode cn th hin tnh cht van (cha b nh thng): U ngc max( thng gi tr Ungc max chn khong 80% gi tr in p nh thng U dt . - Dng in cho php cc i qua van lc m: I Acf - Cng sut tiu hao cc i cho php trn van cha b hng v nhit: Pcf Diode pht quang Khi mt diode c phn cc thun, cc in t t bn dn loi n sang lp y l trng trong bn dn loi p to ra dng in thun. i vi diode bnh thng ch to t Ge v Si th s ti hp gia in t v l trng to ra nng lng di dng nhit

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Diode pht quang (LED) l loi diode dng cc cht bn dn c bit nh Ga,As. Vi cc cht ny s ti h in t v l trng s to ra nh sng. Tu theo cht bn dn m LED pht ra nh sng c mu khc nhau nh vng, xanh l, , in p ngng ca LED: Vz=1,7V. Dng in: ID = 5mA .LED dng trong cc mch ch th, cho bit trng thi ca mch nh bo ngun, bo mc logic, bo m lng,... ng dng ca diode Diode c ng dng nhiu trong cc mch in t : - Dng chnh lu, n nh in p. - Dng hn bin tn hiu trnh c nhiu. - Dng tch sng tn hiu ra khi sng mang cao tn. - Dng chn cng hng i Mch chnh lu Mt mch chnh lu l mt mch in c cc thit b in t, dng bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu. Cc mch chnh lu c th dng trong cc b ngun cp in, v trong cc mch tch sng ca tn hiu v tuyn. Cc mch chnh lu c th c lp bng cc it bn dn, cc n chnh lu thy ngn v cc k thut khc Mt mch chnh lu l mt mch in c cc thit b in t, dng bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu. Cc mch chnh lu c th dng trong cc b ngun cp in, v trong cc mch tch

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sng ca tn hiu v tuyn. Cc mch chnh lu c th c lp bng cc it bn dn, cc n chnh lu thy ngn v cc k thut khc. Khi ch dng mt it n l chnh lu dng in xoay chiu, bng cch kha khng cho phn dng hoc phn m ca dng sng i qua mch in, th thut ng "chnh lu" v "it" c th c xem nh l mt. a s cc mch chnh lu s dng nhiu it vi cc cch sp xp khc nhau c th bin i t xoay chiu thnh mt chiu tt hn trng hp s dng mt it ring l. Trc khi cc it bn dn pht trin, ngi ta cn dng cc mch chnh lu s dng n in t chn khng , n chnh ngn, cc dy bn dn a tinh th seleni. lu thy

Cc my truyn thanh v tuyn u tin, ngi ta gi l cc my tinh th, dng mt si "ru mo" hoc mt kim nhn tip xc nh vo mt im trn mt khi tinh th galena (sunpht ch) to ra mt it tip im, hoc mt b tch sng tinh th. Trong h thng sy t kh, cc b pht hin la c th dng. Hai in cc trong mt v bc kn c th sn sinh ra dng in v c th chnh lu c mt dng in xoay chiu, nhng ch khi chng nhn thy ngn la Mch chnh lu na sng Mt mch chnh lu na sng ch mt trong na chu k dng hoc m c th d dng i ngang qua it, trong khi na kia s b kha, ty thuc vo

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chiu lp t ca it. V ch c mt na chu k c chnh lu, nn mch chnh lu na sng c hiu sut truyn cng sut rt thp. Mch hnh lu na sng c th lp bng ch mt i t bn dn trong cc mch ngun mt pha

Mch chnh lu c sng Mch chnh lu ton sng bin i c hai thnh phn cc tnh ca dng sng u vo thnh mt chiu. Do n c hiu sut cao hn. Tuy nhin trong mch in khng c im gia ca bin p ngi ta s cn n 4 it thay v mt nh trong mch chnh lu na sng. iu ny c ngha l u cc ca in p ra s cn n 2 it chnh lu, th d nh 1 cho trng hp im X dng, v 1 cho trng hp im X m. u ra cn li cng cn chnh xc nh th, kt qu l phi cn n 4 it. Cc it dng cho kiu ni ny gi l cu chnh lu

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B chnh lu ton sng bin i c 2 na chu k thnh mt in p u ra c mt chiu duy nht: dng (hoc m) v n chuyn hng i ca dng in ca na chu k m (hoc dng)ca dng sng xoay chiu. Na cn li s kt hp vi na kia thnh mt in p chnh lu hon chnh. i vi ngun xoay chiu mt pha, nu dng bin p c im gia, ch cn 2 it ni u lng vi nhau (ngha l anode-vi-anode hoc cathode-vicathode)c th thnh mt mch chnh lu ton sng

Mt mch chnh lu dng n chn khng thng dng s dng mt n c 1 cathode v 2 anode trong cng mt v bc; Trong trng hp ny, 2 it ch cn mt bng chn khng. Cc n 5U4 v 5Y3 l nhng th d thng dung nht cho kiu mch ny. Mch in ba pha cn n 6 it. Thng thng cn 3 cp, nhng khng phi cng loi vi it i s dng trong chnh lu mt pha ton sng. Thay vo ngi ta dng cp it ni tip vi nhau (cathode ni vi Anode. Thng th cc it i s c b tr ra 4 chn, c th ty u ni cho mch chnh lu ton sng mt pha, hay mch cu mt pha v ba pha . Hu tht cc thit b pht sinh ra dng in xoay chiu (nh my pht in xoay chiu) u pht ra in ba pha. My pht in trn xe t c 6 it

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chnh lu cu ba pha chnh lu thnh dng in mt chiu, np in cho bnh acquy ng dng ca mch chnh lu - Mt diode chnh lu v cc ph kin gii nhit ng dng c bn nht ca mch chnh lu l trch xut thnh phn in mt chiu hu dng t ngun xoay chiu. Thc tra hu ht cc ng dng in t s dng ngun in mt chiu, nhng ngun cung cp li l dng in xoay chiu. V th cc mch chnh lu c s dng bn trong mch cp ngun ca hu ht cc thit b in t.

Mch bin i in mt chiu t in p ny sang in p khc s phc tp hn. Mt trong nhng phng php i t in mt chiu sang in mt chiu l: u tin chuyn t mt chiu thnh xoay chiu, (dng mt mch nghch lu) sau a qua my bin p thay i in p, v cui cng l chnh lu li thnh in mt chiu

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Cc mch chnh lu cng c ng dng trong mch tch sng cc tn hiu v tuyn iu bin bin . Tn hiu c th cn hoc khng cn khuch i trc khi tch sng. Nu tn hiu nh qu, phi s dng cc it c in p ri rt thp. Trong trng hp ny cc t v in tr ti phi la chn cn thn cho ph hp. Tr s t in thp qu s lm cho sng cao tn lt sang u ra. Chn cao qu, n c th np y v gi nguyn in p c np. in p ra ca mt mch chnh lu ton sng vi cc thyristor c iu khin. Cc mch chnh lu cng c s dng cp in c cc tnh cho my hn in. Cc mch nh th ny i khi thay th cc it trong cu chnh lu bng cc Thyristor. Cc mch ny s c in p ra ph thuc vo gc kch mi 4 My bin p Khi nim My bin th hay my bin p l thit b in gm hai hoc nhiu cun dy, hay 1 cun dy c u vo v u ra trong cng 1 t trng. Cu to c bn ca my bin th thng l 2 hay nhiu cun dy ng cch in c qun trn cng 1 li st hay st t ferit.ghp cch in vi nhau trnh dng Fu-co v tng cng t thng qua mch My bin p c th thay i hiu in th xoay chiu, tng th hoc h th, u ra cho 1 hiu in th tng ng vi nhu cu s dng. My bin th ng vai tr rt quan trng trong truyn ti in nng.

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Hnh 1

Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng a. Cu to: - Gm c hai cun dy : cun s cp c N1 vng v cun th cp c N2 vng. Li bin p gm nhiu l st mng ghp cch in vi nhau trnh dng Fu-c v tng cng t thng qua mch. Hnh 2 - S vng dy hai cun phi khc nhau, tu thuc nhim v ca my m c th N1 > N2hoc ngc li. - Cun s cp ni vi mch in xoay chiu cn cun th cp ni vi ti tiu th in. - Trong thc th th my bin p c dng nh hnh 1, cn trong vic biu din s my bin p th c dng hnh 2 b. Nguyn tc hot ng: - t in p xoay chiu tn s f hai u cun s cp. N gy ra s bin thin t thng trong hai cun. Gi t thng ny l: = 0cost - T thng qua cun s cp v th cp ln lt l : 1 = N10cost v 2 = N20cost - Trong cun th cp xut hin sut in ng cm ng e2 c biu

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thc T ta thy nguyn tc hot ng ca my bin p da vo hin tng cm ng in t. Kho st my bin p Gi N1. N2 l s vng ca cun s cp v th cp. Gi U1, U2 l hiu in th 2 u cun s cp v th cp. Gi I1, I2 l cng hiu dng ca dng in 2 u cun s cp v th cp. Trong khong thi gian t v cng nh t thng bin thin gy ra trong mi vng dy ca c hai cun sut in ng bng: Sut in ng trn mt cun s cp l: Sut in ng trn cun th cp: => T s in p 2 u cun th cp bng t s vng dy ca 2 cun tng ng T s c khng i theo thi gian nn ta c th thay bng gi tr hiu dng ta , (1) , khi mch th cp h

in tr thun ca cun s cp rt nh nn nn , (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c , (*) Nu N2 > N1 => U2 > U1 : gi l my tng p. Nu N2 < N1 => U2 < U1 : gi l my h p. V hao ph my bin p rt nh, coi nh cng sut 2 u cun th cp v s cp nh nhau.

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, (**) T (*) v (**) ta c Kt lun: Dng my bin p tng in p bao nhiu ln th cng dng in gim by nhiu ln v ngc li 5. IC N P Gii thiu chung v IC IC l mt mch in t m cc thnh phn tc ng v th ng u c ch to kt t trong hoc trn mt hay thn hoc khng th tch ri nhau c. ny, c th l mt phin bn dn (hu ht l Si) hoc mt phin cch in. Mt IC thng c kch thc di rng c vi trm n vi ngn micron, dy c vi trm micron c ng trong mt v bng kim lai hoc bng plastic. Nhng IC nh vy thng l mt b phn chc nng tc l mt b phn c kh nng th hin mt chc nng in t no . S kt t cc thnh phn ca mch in t cng nh cc b phn cu thnh ca mt h thng in t vn l hng tm ti v theo ui t lu trong ngnh in t. Nhu cu ca s kt t ph tminh t s kt t tt nhin ca cc mch v h thng in t theo chiu hng t n gin n phc tp, t nh n ln, t tn s thp (tc chm ) n tn s cao (tc nhanh). S tin trin ny l kt qu tt yu ca nhu cu ngy cng tng trong vic x l lng tin tc ngy cng nhiu ca x hi pht trin

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IC dng trong n Linh kin n p l thnh phn khng th thiu trong cc mch n p, mch ngun trong k thut in t. Trong phn diode bn dn c 1 loi diode chuyn dng n p l Zenner. Tuy nhin, loi diode ny c nhc im l im l cho dng in nh ( 20mA) IC n p h 78xx,79xx c pht trin : + H 78xx l h cho n nh in p u ra l dng. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh 5V, 8V... + H 79xx l h n nh in p u ra l m. Cn xx l gi tr in p u ra nh : -05V,-08V.. S kt hp ca hai con ny s to ra c b ngun i xng. V mt nguyn l n hot ng tng i ging nhau. Cu to- Nguyn tc hot ng a.IC 78xx 78xx l loi dng IC dng n nh in p dng u ra vi iu kin u vo lun lun ln hn u ra 3V Ty loi IC 78 m n n p u ra l bao nhiu. v d : 7806 - 7809... + 78xx gm c 3 chn 1.Input l chn ngun u vo 2.GND l chn ni t

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3. Output l chn ngun u ra

Nhng dng seri cua 78xx LA7805 n p 5V LA7808 n p 8V LA7809 n p 9V LA7812 n p 12V y l dng cho in p ra tng ng vi dng l 1A. Ngoi ra cn cc seri khc chu c dng 78xx +5V --> +24V. Dng 1A

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78Lxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.1A 78Mxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.5A 78Sxx Chuyn i in p dng t +5V --> +24V. Dng 0.2A S cu trc ca 78xx

Nguyn l hot ng ca 78xx Dng in DC qua t lc n chn 1 ca IC (tc l n chn C ca transistor lc ny transistor cha hot ng (cha dn) . Nh in tr R to dng nh thin ct m chn B ca transistor , nn transistor dn .Do chn B ca Transistor ni qua iode zenner ( in p khong 4.5 V ) xung mt s ghim mc in p ra chn E ca transirtor ( chn 3 ca IC ) l gi tr dng . in p t trc IC 78XX phi ln hn in p cn n p t 1.5V ~ 2V .H IC 78xx ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi gip IC trong mch th U in > Uout t 3V~5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng .

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b.79xx Cng nh h 78 th h 79 c hot ng tng t nhng in p u ra l m (-) tri ngc vi h 78. Cng c nhiu loi mc n p u ra : 7905, 7906... vi dng chi l 1A v 0.1A S chn: 1.GND l chn ni t 2 Input l chn ngun u vo 3 Output l chn ngun u ra

S cu trc ca 79xx

Nguyn l hot ng 79xx Dng in DC qua t lc n chn 2 ca IC ( chn E ca transistor ) lc ny transistor cha dn. Nh R to thnh dng nh thin gc m chn B ca

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transistor lc ny transistor dn .Do chn B ca transistor ni qua diode zenner ( in p khong 4.5 V ) xung mt ( chn 1 ) se ghim mc in p ra chn C ca transistor ( chn 3 ca IC) cho in p c gi tr m . c. ng dng ca 78xx v 79xx vo mch ngun Trong cc b ngun th 78 v 79 c s dng rt nhiu trong cc mch ngun to in p u ra mong mun c bit nhng thit b ny cn in p u vo c nh ko thay i ln xung! y l mch nguyn l ca 78xx v 79xx

c Datasheet ca IC dng trong n

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Phn 2 S - nguyn l lm vic ca mch S nguyn l Ngun mt chiu c nhim v cung cp nng lng mt chiu cho cc mch v cc thit b in t hot ng. Nng lng mt chiu ca n tng qut c ly t ngun xoay chiu ca li in thng qua mt qu trnh bin i c thc hin trong ngun mt chiu. Yu cu i vi loi ngun ny l in p ra t ph thuc vo in p mng, ca ti v nhit . t c yu cu cn phi dng cc mch n nh (n p, n dng). Cc mch cp ngun c in thng dng bin p, nn kch thc v trng lng ca n kh ln. Ngy nay ngi ta c xu hng dng cc mch cp ngun khng c bin p. S khi ca mt b ngun hon chnh c biu din nh sau

Chc nng cc khi nh sau : 1. Bin p:

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Bin p bin i in p xoay chiu U1 thnh in p xoay chiu U2 c gi tr thch hp vi yu cu 2.Mch chnh lu: c nhim v chuyn in p xoay chiu U2 thnh in p mt chiu khng bng phng UT( c gi tr thay i nhp nh) 3.Mch lc: c nhim v san bng in p mt chiu dp mch UT thnh in p mt chiu U01 t nhp nh hn 4.Mch n p: c nhim v n nh dng in p u ra ca n U02 khi U01 thay i theo s mt n nh ca U02
S nguyn l:

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My bin p: Yu cu bi in p ra n nh ti a l 12VDC, m in p u vo 220VAC nn ta c th s dng my bin p: 220VAC-24VAC-3A hoc 220VAC-12VAC-1A Trong ti ny chng em chn 220VAC24VAC-3A Diode Cc IC n p trong mch ngun ny c IRa ti a l 1A nn la chn diode 1N4007 hoc 1N4004 v IThun ca diode ny khng c ln hn 1A. Trong ti ny chng em la chn diode 1N4007 T in T c in dung ln san phng in p lm gim gn sng . Chn t c gi tr ca t lc tnh gn ng theo biu thc sau C= 1/(mdm .W.R .Kdm Ra) Ta c : trong mch chnh lu cu 4 diode : mdm= 2 cho sng ra bng phng ngi ta chn : Kdm =0.1 W = 2f = 2.50 =100 (rad/s)

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C =1/(mdm.W.Kdm.R) = 1/(2.100.24.0,1 ) =6,7 .10-4 F=670 F Vi gi tr nh vy ta c th chn t l: 1000F ; 2200F - Chn t lc cao tn l t gm 104 v t ny c tn s lc ln f= 1/(2 .Xc .C ) Phn tch mch in Mch in gm nhng phn sau : H p, chnh lu, lc, bin i (78xx). Ngun in xoy chiu 220VAC-50Hz qua bin p l h p xung cn 24VAC - 1A v c qua b chnh lu nhm bin i xoay chiu thnh 1 chiu. THnh phn 1 chiu ny c gn nn phi qua b lc C san phng in p gn cho ra in p 1 chiu. Sau in p 1 chiu ny qua b n p 78xx cho ra in p n p m mnh cn. Nguyn l lm vic a..Khi h p: y chng ta bin i in p li 220VAC-50Hz xung cn 24VAC - 3A.

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Mc ch l cp y vo cho b bin i v b lc c in p mt chiu mong mun. b. Chnh lu: Thnh phn chnh lu l bin i tn hiu xoay chiu thnh tn hiu 1 chiu thng qua 4 con diode chnh lu. y l s chnh lu c chu k vi dng sng u vo v u ra sau chnh lu nh sau:

-Gi s bn k dng ng vi im A dng (+),im B m (-), cc ioe D1 ,D3 phn cc thun nn dn in , dng in i t A quan D1 , qua ti sau qua D3 v v B . Trong khi D2 , D4 phn cc ngc nn khng dn in

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- bn k m ca in p vo U1, im B dng so vi im A. lc ny D2, D4 phn cc thun nn dn in. Dng in i t B qua D2 sau qu ti qua D4 v v A.. V lc ny D1 v D3 phn cc ngc nn khng dn in. -Nh vy trong c hai na chu k ca tn hiu vo U1.c dng din 1 chiu qua tiv to ra in p 1 chiu ng ra tc U3 lc ny l din p ra khng bng phng c. Mch lc bng t in: C nhim v san bng in p mt chiu p mch U3 thnh in p mt chiu U4 t nhp nh hn . Khi in p mt chiu tng t 0 n V MAX , t din c np in n gi tr Uc = UMAX . Khi in p ra gim t nh v 0, t in x in b vo s gim in p trn ph ti . nh vy m duy tr c mc in p theo thi gian , gim gn sng ca in p mt chiu p mch , ng thi gi tr trung bnh ca in p mt chiu ng ra cng tng ln . in p ra mt chiu c mt gn sng nh ph thuc vo ti .nu dng ti nh t phng in yu do gn sng nh nu dng ti ln t in phng in nhiu hn do gn sng ln gn sng cng ph thuc vo in dung ca t in Tc dng ca t : Trong dng in mt chiu p mch U3 gm c 2 thnh phn mt chiu v xoay chiu cn xt li do c tnh ca t in ch cho dng xoay chiu i qua m khng cho dng mt chiu i qua

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Nu thnh phn AC s qua t xung mt m khng i qua ti . Thnh phn mt chiu khng th qua t C nn ton b i qua ti. V vy trong mch cc t c gi tr ln c nhim v san bng mc in p cao ; t c gi tr nh 104 c gi tr lc sung t bin

lc ngun , kt qu l in p u ra c lc tng i phng, nu t C1 c in dung cng ln th in p u ra cng bng phng, t C1 trong cc b ngun thng c tr s khong vi ngn F

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Cc dng in p:

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Da vo nguyn tc phng np ca t in m n cho ra dng in 1 chiu thng nh trn hnh v. T cng ln th gn in p cng gim. Nhng sng c tn s cao tn phi c lc i nh 2 t C2 v C4 v trong mch dng IC nu tn ti nhng thnh phn ny th s gy ra nhng sai st kh pht hin lm cho mch hot ng khng bnh thng. Qua b lc l ta to c in p 1 Chiu cp vo cho b bin i i hay l b n p. d. B n p bng IC 78xx: Dng h 78xx cho ra nhiu loi n p in khc nhau : nh 7805 n n p 5V, 7806 cho n p 6V + in p u vo ca h 78xx l in p 1 chiu v max <=40V. Dng in khng vt qu 1A + Dng nh l 2.2A + Cng sut tiu tn cc i khng dung tn nhit l 2W + Cng sut tiu tn cc i c tn nhit l 15W + m bo thng s l : Vi - V0 = 2V n 3V ( lc mch mi hot ng n p c)

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+ Tn nhit tt cho 78xx. Khi hot ng vi ti th 78xx rt nng. i vi cp in p l 29V th 78xx nng khi c ti v ch tn nhit tt cho n. nng qu sinh ra ph 78xx. Tnh ton in p ra in p u vo my bin p l : U1 =220V Qua my bin p th in p l : U2 = 24V(AC) Qua diode chnh lu th : U3 = U2 .sqrt 2= 24 .sqrt 2 = 34 V DC in p st trn cu l: 34 V DC - 1.5 V DC = 32.5V DC ( do i qua 2 diode nn mi diode b st p mt 0.7 V ) in p sau chnh lu l Uc =32,5 .0,9 = 29V DC ( 0,9 l h s chnh lu ca chnh lu cu ) in p trn i qua IC n p : 7805 thu c in p 5V DC 7812 thu c in p 12V DC.

thu c in p 3V DC ta cn to st p 2V cui ngun ca 5V DC M dng thu c sau ngun 5V DC: I5V=0,02mA p dng nh lut Om ta c: U=I.R R= U/ R

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R=2/0.02mA= 100k

Vy in tr cn trong mch l 100k! Tng t cc thng s khi tao ngun dng i vi ngun m cng vy!

3.Ti liu tham kho Tm trn internet (scribd.com ; hoiquandientu.vn ; tailieu.vn ; vn-zom.com) Data sheet Sch in T C Bn tc gi Nguyn Thnh Long-Nguyn V ThngHong Hi Hng ( Components and Basic circuits-2010) Trng i Hc S Phm K Thut Hng Yn

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KT LUN

Trong qu trnh thc hin n do cng gp nhiu kh khn thc t pht sinh khi thit k ch to nn mch ca chng em t chnh xc cha cao. Sau mt thi gian lm n chng em rt ra dc rt nhiu kinh nhim cho bn thn, cng l nh vo s chi dy nhit tnh ca cc thy c v s gp ca cc bn. Sau cng mt ln na chng em xin trn thnh by t lng bit n i vi thy L Vn t v thy c gio trong khoa cc bn gip em hon thnh n ny !

i hc S Phm K Thut Hng Yn Khn G L Khng Th

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Thnh tch Robocon Nm 2009: Gii nht thuc v SPK-KNIGHT-H S phm k thut TP.HCM Gii nh thuc v i Hng H CTM Gii 3 thuc v SUN WARD ca HSP k thut Hng Yn Nm 2010:
Gii Nht: LH LED - H Lc Hng Gii Nh: VOI O3 - H Cng nghip H Ni

Gii Ba : NAT PRO H S phm K thut Hng Yn Nm 2011: Danh sch cc i Robocom min Bc vt qua vng loi lt vo vng chung kt Robocom 2011: 1. CN-KTT 01 H CNG NGHIP H NI 2. ALLIGATOR H CNG NGHIP H NI 3. CN-KTDT03 H CNG NGHIP H NI 4. VJC H CNG NGHIP H NI 5. TL53 HC VIN PKKQ 6. FIRE WIN

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H S PHM K THUT HNG YN 7. VJC 2 H CNG NGHIP H NI 8. CT HY H S PHM K THUT HNG YN 9. CT-03 H S PHM K THUT HNG YN 10. SUNWARD H S PHM K THUT HNG YN 11. TDKL H CNG NGHIP H NI 12. CT1-K4 H CNG NGHIP H NI 13. C7-KTX H S PHM K THUT HNG YN 14. SAO - T3 I HC SAO

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Nm 2012 i hc S Phm K Thut Hng Yn nht nh s v ch. Hy cng n xem v c v cho SPKTHY Pro!

Ch v lut thi Robocon 2012

Hng Kng

Hong Kong l mt a danh c nhiu i ni , phong cnh p bao gm 200 hn o , chnh nh cn nhng chic cu v ng hm. Trong s c cc ng hm xuyn qua vnh lin kt gia Cu Long v o Hong Kong xuyn qua vnh Victoria, cu Thanh M di nht trn th gii kt ni ti o Ln u. Nh h thng cu v ng hm , Hong Kong ngy nay t ho c 1 mng li giao thng pht trin

Cu Thanh M

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Ti Trng Chu ( mt trong s nhng hn o nh ca Hong Kong), l hi Jiao ni ting hn 100 nm nay. Trng Chu tng b tn ph bi dch bnh vo cui triu i nh Thanh, do ngi dn a phng lp mt bn th trc n Pak Tai cu xin s bnh yn. Cui cng dch bnh kt thc sau khi tin hnh cc nghi l .K t , ngi dn Trng Chu t chc L hi bnh bao hng nm by t s bit n ca h. Nghi l ny tn tai qua nhiu th h ca ngi dn y.

Tr em ng v kch ni ting ca Trung Quc, ng Huyn Tng v Dng Qu Phi

Trong thi gian l hi cng l dp ngi dn tringf din nhng ngh dn gian ca h, nh lm hnh nm bng giy, to dn tre ni bnh bao v lam nhiu bnh go(lm bng tay) chun b cho l hi bnh bao. N c lm phong ph thm bi cc biu din ngh thut dn gian nh m nhc, diu hnh, ma s t, m ln v nh trng

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Cc u th phi c m bo an ton bng dy bo him tro ln nh thp ly bnh bao

Lut thi 1. Mi i c 1 robot bng tay, 1 robot t ng v 1 Collector robot. 2. Ngi iu khin bng tay a robot bng tay ra vng Token Stand. ( Ngi iu khin a robot ra bn bn v) 3. Robot bng tay ly Token v em n n Tunnel. ( Robot bng tay ly v v i ra ca ng hm). 4. Robot bng tay th Token vo hp Token ti Tunnel. ( Robot bng tay a v vo hp v ti ca ng hm). 5. Robot t ng ly Basket ti Common Zone v t n ti bt k u thuc

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vng robot bng tay. ( Robot t ng ly gi mua hng ti khu vc chung v t n ti v tr bt k khu ginh cho robot bng tay). 6. Robot bng tay i qua hm ri nhc Collector robot ln. 7. Robot bng tay s th Collector robot khi n khu L1. Robot t ng s em Collector robot qua cu v th n ln vng L2 hoc L3. 8. Robot bng tay nht Basket v t n ti Basket Area trn o. ( Robot bng tay nht gi mua hng v t n ln im t gi trn o). 9. Collector robot c th ri khi robot t ng v leo ln cu thang vo o t v tr L2, hoc n cng c th c nng ln o bi robot bng tay t v tr L3. 10. Collector robot nht cc Buns lp thp nht v lp gia v t chng vo Basket. (Collector nht cc ming bnh 2 lp di v t chng vo gi hng) 11. Sau khi c t nht 1 Bun ca mi lp 2 lp thp nht c a vo Basket, Collector robot c th tip cn cc Buns ca lp trn cng ca thp Bun trong khi n c nng ln bi robot bng tay. (Sau khi c t nht 1 ming bnh ly t mi lp ca 2 lp di trong gi hng, Collector robot c th nhp v th cc ming bnh ti lp trn cng ca thp bnh trong khi n c nng ln cao bi robot bng tay) 12. Trong pht cui cng ca tr chi ( tc ht 2 pht), robot bng tay c th m rng cnh tay ca ring mnh nht cc Buns trc tip t lp thp nht ca thp Bun v t chng vo cc Basket. (Sau khi ht 2 pht, robot bng tay c quyn nht cc ming bnh lp thp nht ca thp v t chng vo gi hng) 13. Khi c 1 Collector robot t c 1 Bun t lp trn cng sau khi hon thnh t nht 1 Bun t mi lp di, trn u s kt thc ngy lp tc, thnh tch ny c gi l Peng On Dai Gat ( Khi c t nht 1 ming bnh ca mi lp ca thp bnh, trn u kt thc ngy lp tc v c gi l "Peng On Dai Gat) 14. Nu khng c i no ginh c Peng On Dai Gat trong 3 pht, i thng

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s c quyt nh da trn s im ghi c trong trn u. 15. Mi trn u ko di ti a 3 pht

S PHM K THUT HY ROBOCON 2012 TIN TI TNG LAI

The and

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