Lm th no ng ph vi Tc ng ca Bin i kh hu th?

S tay dng cho Cng ng

Community-Based Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change in Urban Areas Experiences from Ho Chi Minh City Manual for Community Action

n phm ca i hc Cng ngh Brandenburg Cottbus Khoa Quy hoch th v Thit k khng gian, v enda Vit Nam 2011 i hc Cng ngh Brandenburg Cottbus ISBN 978-3-00-034353-7 (English version) Cc tc gi Ulrike Schinkel, L Diu nh, Frank Schwartze Nhm Nguyn Th Xun, o c Khnh, Nguyn Ngc Ging, Nguyn Th Dung, Phm Th Vit H, L M Linh, Nguyn Th Thanh Ph, Nigel Downes, Paula Hentschel, Moritz Maikmper Cm t D n th im thch ng vi Bin i kh hu da vo cng ng l ng sng kin gia D n Nghin cu Thnh ph cc ln H Ch Minh Khung Quy hoch lng ghp th v mi trng thch ng vi Bin i kh hu c ti tr bi B Gio dc v Nghin cu Cng ha Lin bang c (BMBF), v enda Vit nam (T chc Hnh ng v Mi trng v Pht trin). Enda Vit nam l thnh vin ca ENDA Th gii th 3; trng tm hot ng ca enda Vit nam l pht trin cng ng, gim ngho v ci thin mi trng. 2

Li m u
Vi cun s tay ny, chng ti mong mun ng gp vo cuc trao i cc k quan trng v bin i kh hu (BKH), tc ng ca BKH cp a phng v cc c hi thch ng v gim thiu kh nng d b tn thng. S tay ch yu dnh cho cc cng ng th chu nh hng ca s thay i v kh hu, ngp lt v nhit gia tng. S tay trnh by v phng php tip cn ca mt cng ng th ti TP H Ch Minh v nhng cng c p dng cho cc cng ng khc c hon cnh tng t, cng nh cho cc t chc x hi dn s v c quan chnh quyn a phng c th h tr qu trnh thch ng trong mi trng m h chu nh hng. Chng ti mong mun c cm n s h tr v gi ca chnh quyn Phng 8, Qun 4, v tt c cc thnh vin ca enda Vit nam. Hn na, d n ny s khng th thc hin c nu thiu tinh thn v sc mnh ca cng ng d n; vi h chng ti mun by t s nh gi cao ca chng ti v nhng li cm n chn thnh.

c S tay ny nh th no
Causes of Climate Change - The Greenhouse Effect M1
This figure briefly explains the Greenhouse Effect, causing Global Warming and Climate Change.

Some radiation is reflected by the Earths surface and the atmosphere. The Earths surface radiates the heat back out towards space. Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere. A significant portion of solar radiation is absorbed . by the Earths surface and warms it.

EARTH
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap a portion of the heat and leads to rising temperatures. .

ATMOSPHERE Rising temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers, the expansion of the oceans, to sealevel rise and to the increasing likelihood of tropical storms and heavy rainfall events.

Bin i kh hu 1 T gc ton cu TP H Ch Minh v kh nng d b tn thng Thch ng da vo cng ng Mt phng php tip cn cp c s

Adapted from the European Commission28

6

Flooding Scenario for 2050 M5

taking into account a projected sea-level rise of 1,5m

Hc Mn 12 Th c Go Vap Bnh Thnh Tn Bnh Ph Nhun 11 6 10 5 8 3 1 4 7 9

Tn Ph Bnh Chnh Bnh Tn

2
11

Nh B

not built-up area built-up area river and canal network inundation due to sea-level rise

ech Adaptation Measures - Responses to Flooding M6

Even if you do not have influence on the occurrence of heavy rain events or tidal flooding, you may reduce their impact on your home and on your neighbourhood by taking some of these measures.

ater barriers in front of your doors.

ater Barriers

Construct water channels to collect and discharge rainwater.

Water Channels

Identify safe paths in to evacuate the most aggected areas.

Evacuation Routes

Bn hy t lm Cc bin php thch ng cng ngh n gin Bn hy t lm Cc cng c cng tham gia

Step 1 - Assessment: Climate Change Impacts and related Problems T3

Community of HCMC, District 4, Ward 8, Sub Ward 2

Problem Tree

The Problem Tree tool highlights the underlying problems and their effects on the community.

n of Ground Floors

groundfloor levels perntly or temporarily.

Construct roof projections to Soiling Inundation protect facades from rain.

Mosquito Plague Loss Mobility Constraints Damage

Roof Projections
Instability of Structures

Health Constraints

Waste Management
Do not litter drainages, collect waste in bins.

Flooding
24

Overheating

Pollution

Cun S tay c chia thnh 5 phn: Phn 1 tm tt cc nguyn nhn v cc yu t dn n bin i kh hu t gc ton cu, trong khi phn 2 ni v nhng tc ng n TP H Ch Minh v c th l nhng khu dn c khng n nh. Trong phn 3 gii thiu vic thch ng da vo cng ng nh mt phng php tip cn cp c s c tnh kh thi ng ph, nu c th v cch xy dng, thc hin v kt qu ca d n th im. Phn 4 hng dn vic khuyn khch qu trnh thch ng cc cng ng khc v danh sch cc bin php v chin lc c th thc hin mt cch d dng. Cc phn t 1 n 4 cung cp cc ti liu xy dng nng lc v nng cao nhn thc; tt c cc cng c nh gi, ra quyt nh v lng gi c s dng trong d n th im c tng hp v son tho c nhn c th s dng c trnh by Phn 5.

ary Water Storage

ages for rain water to uce flood levels.

Roof Securing + Repair

Repair leaking roofs.

Appoint persons for weather observation, warning and securing of resources.

Early Warning System

Nguyn nhn ca Bin i kh hu Hiu ng nh knh M1 Phn 1

Hiu ng nh knh l nguyn nhn ch yu dn n hin tng nng ln ton cu v Bin i kh hu. Hnh v ny gii thch ngn gn ngun gc ca hin tng.
2

Mt lng bc x c phn x li t b mt Tri t v bu kh quyn.

3

B mt Tri t bc x nhit ngc tr li khng gian bn ngoi.

1

Bc x mt tri xuyn qua tng kh quyn. Mt lng ln bc x mt tri c b mt Tri t hp th v lm . n nng ln.
5

EARTH
4

BU KH QUYN

Kh nh knh trong bu kh quyn Gi li mt phn bc x nhit ny, lm tng nhit v nng ln ton cu.

Nng ln ton cu dn n bng tan, cc i dng m rng, mc nc bin dng v lm tng kh nng xy ra cc cn bo nhit i v hin tng ma ln.
c cp nht t y Ban chu u1

Nhng hot ng ca con ngi l tc nhn to ra kh nh knh (GHGs) M2 Phn 1

5

Hnh v ny tm tt mt s hot ng ca con ngi gy ra mt lng ng k kh thi nh knh.

CO2 kh cc bon
S dng nhin liu ha thch (than, du m) v nhin liu khc

CH4 kh M tan
Sn xut v s dng nng lng

ph rng sn xut xi mng

Trng la Chn nui gia sc, gia cm

64% 20% 6% 10%

N2O kh nitrogen*
S dng phn bn t sinh khi (rm...) S dng nhin liu ha thch (than, du m)

kh alkin halides
Cc ng dy in Sn xut v s dng nhm

My iu ha, cng nghip ha cht

* Mc d t l N2O trong kh nh knh thp, tc ng ca n

nh mt yu t dn n bin i khi hu l rt nghim trng.

Cp nht t Cc Gio dc cng dn Lin bang c2

Du vt cc bon M3 Phn 1
a s cc hot ng hng ngy u pht thi kh cc bon; trong hnh v ny, bn c th thy mc pht thi kh nh knh do cc phng tin vn ti, sn xut lng thc v sn xut cc vt dng hng ngy.

i 10km bng ... t Xe my

trn u ngi

100g ca ... Xe but Tht b Tht heo Bnh m

1.0 - 5.0kg

0,9kg

0,4 - 0,8kg

1.3kg

0.3kg

0.6kg

1 ci... Chai nha Ti ni lng Lon Lon c ti ch hp

1 ci cy... Hng thng Hng nm

0.4kg

0.2kg

0.2kg

0.01kg

-0.5kg

-6.0kg

Ngun: European Commission3, Planet Green4, Institute for Applied Ecology5, EEA6, Hope & Gibson7

Pht thi kh cc bon

Hp th kh cc bon

Thi gian tn ti ca rc M4 Phn 1

7

Nu rc khng c thi b ng cch, m vt ra ng v vo cng rnh, n s tc ng n mi trng ca cng ng bn ang sng. Hnh nh ny cho thy nhng v d v cc loi rc khc nhau v thi gian tn ti ca chng.

Chai thy tinh 1000 nm

Chai nha 100 nm

Lon hp Ly (cc) nha Ti ni lng Khc g Chic tt (v)

2000 2000

10 nm

1 nm 1 thng
Ngun: The Ocean Conservancy8

T v s

TP H Ch Minh v kh nng d b tc ng i vi bin i kh hu

TP H Ch Minh l ng lc tng trng v pht trin kinh t chnh ca c nc. Nm trong vng ng bng thp trng, thnh ph d b tc ng bi bin i kh hu, nh mc nc bin dng, ngp do triu cng v nng gia tng.

TP HCM l mt qun th th ln nht Vit nam v c tm quan trng c bit trong lnh vc tng trng kinh t v hin i ha; thnh ph l im n chnh ca u t trc tip nc ngoi. Thnh ph thu ht nhiu ngi nhp c t khu vc nng thn n tm vic lm v mc sng tt hn; cc d bo hin nay cho thy dn s TPHCM s ln ti 10 triu ngi vo nm 20209. Kt qu l phn ln din tch thnh ph s tr thnh nhng khu vc c xy dng trong qu trnh th ha din ra nhanh chng v thiu kim sot; mt s ln nhng khu dn c khng n nh s dch chuyn ra bn ngoi thnh ph hoc n cc vng t trng trong ni thnh thnh ph, nhng khu vc thp trng v dc theo knh rch, thiu h tng v thiu cc dch v th10. TP HCM c xp trong s nhng thnh ph d b tc ng nht ca bin i kh hu: thnh ph hng chu nhng hin tng kh hu t bin, nhng thay i v ch thy vn v gia tng kh nng xy ra nhng trn bo nghim trng v ngp do triu cng11. Do 72% din tch khu vc th ca TP HCM c cao di 2m so vi mc nc bin, TP

b e da bi l lt do mc nc bin dng12. Thy triu trn vo cc con knh khu vc th gy ra nhng trn ngp nh k ti nhng khu vc ln cn. Thm vo , nhng trn ma ln ngy cng tng v s lng v cng . Bn cnh nhng t ngp lt lin quan n bin i kh hu v mc nc bin dng, TP HCM b nh hng bi nhit tng ln; nhit trung bnh hng nm ca khu vc th l 26.9C. Trong nhng nm gn y, nhit trung bnh hng nm tng ln vi tc gn gp i tc tng nhit trung bnh ca khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long13 v vi mc tng 1 - 2C cho n nm 205014, do sc nng gia tng bi my iu ha nhit , giao thng v cng nghip cng nh do gim ngy cng nhiu din tch thc vt bao ph v tng din tch bc hi. Hnh v bn phi cho thy kch bn ngp lt vo nm 2050 tng ng vi hin trng th ca TP HCM, c tnh n d bo mc nc bin tng l 1,5m15. Hnh v ny cho thy nhng khu vc xy dng v khng xy dng b e da bi ngp lt. Thng tin tham kho thm ti website ca chng ti: www.megacity-hcmc.org

Phn 2
8

Kch bn ngp lt vo nm 2050 M5

C tnh n d bo mc nc bin dng 1,5m

Hc Mn 12 Th c Go Vap Bnh Thnh Tn Bnh Ph Nhun 2 Tn Ph 3 Bnh Tn 10 1 11 4 5 6 7 8 9

Bnh Chnh

Nh B

Qun Khu vc khng xy dng Khu vc xy dng Mng li sng v knh rch Tnh trng ngp lt do mc nc bin dng

Ngun: D N NGHIN CU THNH PH CC LN H CH MINH (2010): Kt qu nghin cu ca Nhm Hnh ng 1, Gi cng vic 1, STORCH, H.; DOWNES, N. v RUJNER, H.

Kh nng d b tn thng ca cc khu dn c khng n nh

Kh nng d b tn thng l kh nng d mt mt, thit hi, hoc b thng lin quan n tc ng ca bin i kh hu. Do mt dn c v v tr vng thp trng, c nguy c b ngp v do ngun lc ca ngi dn b hn ch c th ng ph, nhng khu dn c ny c bit c kh nng d b tn thng i vi s gia tng nhit v cc t ngp lt.
Kh nng d b tn thng ca mt cng ng hoc mt khu ph ph thuc vo mt lot cc yu t. Kh nng d b tn thng c th phn thnh tn thng x hi, kinh t v th cht16. Nhng khu dn c nm trong c ly gn vi sng Si gn hoc cc lu vc knh trong thnh ph c nguy c chu ngp lt cao gy ra bi triu cng hoc cc cn ma ln. nhng ni m nh c pht trin t pht v thiu c s h tng, khng c h thng thot nc ph hp v khng c dch v thu gom rc cho ton b khu vc, cc t ngp lt c th s gy ra khng ch nhng tr ngi trong i li, h hi nh ca, thit hi v ti sn v thu nhp, m c th cn dn n s khng hong v mi trng, gy ra nhng tc ng nghim trng n sc khe v iu kin v sinh. Trong nhiu trng hp, nhng khu vc khng c quy hoch ang i mt vi tc ng ca s gia tng nhit ; nhit hin tng ln cng thm vi mt kt cu xy dng cao, thng gi t nhin gim, h s xy dng cao v thiu cy xanh. Nhng ngi nh c xy dng bng vt liu tm v trn nn t khng n nh, d c kh nng b tn thng trc nhng hin tng kh hu t bin v tnh bt n nh ca nn t17. Kh nng d b tn thng ca cc khu dn c lin quan n v tr ca cc khu ny c th cn gia tng thm do cc hot ng to thu nhp khng n nh v nhiu ri ro, thiu s tip cn n cc ngun tn dng thch ng v phc hi, cc lin kt cng ng yu hoc do thiu nhn thc18 v bin i kh hu, nguyn nhn v tc ng ca n. Tuy vy, vn v kh nng d b tn thng khng th c xem xt m khng thy rng cc cng ng ti ch c nhng nng lc v ngun lc ca mnh thch ng v i ph vi nhng nguyn nhn v yu t dn n kh nng b tn thng.

Phn 2
10

Khu dn c dc knh, TP HCM

Thch ng da vo cng ng
Thch ng l s ng ph li s bin i kh hu hoc mi trng t cp quc gia cho n cp a phng. Thch ng da vo cng ng (CBA) gip cho cc cng ng d b tn thng xy dng mi trng sng c tnh n hi v hnh ng trong phm vi mi trng sng ca mnh bng nhng ngun lc v kh nng ca mnh.
Thch ng l s ng ph li nhng thay i v kh hu hin nay hoc d kin. Nhng n lc thch ng thnh cng phi c thc hin t cp quc gia n cp a phng19; chng i hi s kt ni nhng kin thc v kinh nghim bn a do cng ng cung cp vi nhng d bo khoa hc v nghin cu cc bin php thch ng cng nh mt mi trng php l h tr. Tt c cc cng ng u phi ng ph v thch ng vi nhng bin i kh hu v mi trng; trong khi cc chin lc ng ph c tnh tm thi hoc ch l nhng gii php cp bch trong thi im kh khn, thch ng nhn mnh nhng thay i cn bn trong cc h thng sinh k20 v v th nn bn vng hn. CBA h tr cc cng ng a phng cng c nng lc thch ng hin c ca mnh v xy dng mt mi trng sng c tnh n hi, gim kh nng d b tn thng v ri ro do thin tai21, 22. CBA kt hp cc chin lc di hn, nh thch ng v mt xy dng v a dng ha mi trng sng, cng nh cc chin lc ngn v trung hn nh di dn tm thi, xy dng h thng cnh bo v cc k hoch s tn. Cc cng ng a phng bit v khu vc ca mnh rt r; h c kh nng nh gi cc tc ng ti ch ca bin i kh hu qua quan st hng ngy v t tm cc gii php ring l ng ph. trnh h qu ca vic thch ng khng ng, cc cng ng cn c cung cp y thng tin v bin i kh hu v v cc k hoch thch ng hin c quy m ln hn. Trong qu trnh thch ng da vo cng ng, cc cng ng kim sot ton b hot ng t nh gi, lp k hoch v thc hin cc bin php thch ng; h ng vai tr chnh yu trong vic nng cao nhn thc qua vic chia s hiu bit ca mnh. Nhng h c th cn c cc t chc x hi dn s v chnh quyn a phng h tr bng cch cung cp thng tin, xy dng nng lc v bin i kh hu, thch ng v cc hot ng huy ng cng ng.

Cuc hp cng ng

Phn 3
11

D n th im Thch ng da vo cng ng
bt u qu trnh thch ng da vo cng ng (CBA) TP HCM, mt d n th im c thc hin ti mt cng ng Phng 8, Qun 4. Trong cc cuc hp, cng ng nh gi cc tc ng ca bin i kh hu n mi trng sng ca h, tho lun nhng phng n khc nhau thch ng v thc hin cc bin php c tnh kh thi.
Qun 4 nm pha nam ni thnh TP, c bao bc bi sng Si gn, knh Bn Ngh v knh T. Phng 8, Qun 4 thng xuyn b nh hng do ngp, gy ra bi triu cng v ma ln. Phng c 4 khu ph; trong khi a s c dn khu ph 1 v 2 c cng vic n nh v thu nhp cao hn v sng trong nhng cn nh rng ri v hm thong, nhng h gia nh thu nhp thp bun bn nh sng trong nhng cn nh v hm nh ti khu ph 3 v 4. D n th im CBA nhm h tr mt cng ng a phng xy dng chin lc thch ng quy m nh. Vic hnh thnh d n tun th phng php lp k hoch hnh ng, vi quan im l cc c nhn v cng ng, thm ch vi ngun lc gii hn, u c kh nng ci thin mi trng sng ca mnh, trong lc kt hp vi nhng nhn t bn ngoi nh nhng ngi ph bin thng tin, h tr, thc y. Yu t then cht ca d n th im l cc cuc hp cng ng, kt hp nhng ng gp chuyn mn vi cc hot ng ca cng ng. Giai on chun b Trong giai on chun b, i din ca cng ng, chnh quyn a phng v t chc phi chnh ph enda Vit nam cng thng nht hnh thnh d n th im. Cc tc ng bin i kh hu cng nh nng lc v ngun lc thch ng ti ch c nh gi. Cuc hp th nht (thng 3/2010) Cuc hp cng ng ln u, thu ht tt c cc thnh vin cng ng quan tm ca khu ph 2, vi trng tm l nng cao nhn thc v bin i kh hu v tc ng ca n n cng ng. Qua nh gi cho thy cc t ngp lt do ma ln v triu cng gy ra, c gia tng thm ng k do h thng thot nc

Phn 3
12

Phn pht cc ti i ch than thin mi trng

cha p ng , tc nghn h thng thot nc ma cng nh nhng d n ang xy dng cc khu vc ln cn. Thiu cy xanh c xc nh l l do to ra s kh chu v nng nc. Cuc hp th 2 (Thng 5/2010) Cuc hp cng ng th 2 nhm xy dng nng lc v cc gii php k thut thch ng n gin. Vic ng dng nhng bin php quy m nh c trnh by y c tng nhm dn c tho lun. Trong cuc hp chung, cc bin php cng ng cng thc hin sau y c chn: trng cy trn cc con ng, cc ban cng, hoc sn thng, lm mt nh c bng mt v bc hi nc, khi xng cc hot ng qun l rc thi trnh vt rc xung cng rnh v sp xp gn gng nh ca thng gi t nhin.

Giai on thc hin Tip theo Cuc hp th 2, cc chin lc v bin php thch ng c chn c thc hin trong mt thi gian xc nh. Cuc hp th 3 (Thng 7/2010) Cuc hp cng ng ln th 3 tp trung vo vic lng gi cc hot ng thch ng u tin. Bn cnh cc bin php thc hin, cng ng bt u hot ng tit kim nng lng v s dng ti i ch thn thin mi trng thay cho ti nilon trnh x rc vo h thng thot nc. Hn na, cc thnh vin cng ng tch cc tham gia vo cc hot ng nng cao nhn thc khu vc ch v vi hng xm. Nhng hiu qu nhn rng ban u c khi xng qua vic mi gi cc nhm cng ng mi n cc cuc hp, chia s kin thc v kinh nghim.

Lp bn thit hi

Cuc hp cng ng

13

Phn 3

Bn hy t lm! Qu trnh thch ng c nhn ca bn

Phn ny dnh cho cc t chc x hi dn s v cc c quan chnh quyn a phng, nhng trc ht l cho cc cng ng mun gim bt kh nng d b tn thng ca h i vi tc ng ca bin i kh hu. nhng trang sau, cc cng c hu ch c kim tra trong D n th im CBA, c tm tt li gip hng dn v h tr cc hot ng ca bn.
Bn cn g Mt phng hoc ch hp, giy, bt ch, c th cn micro Thi gian cho cuc hp (2 gi bui ti cho mt cuc hp, mt ln trong 1 thng) Chun b c S tay tht k. Cng ng ca bn c ang i mt vi cc vn lin quan n bin i kh hu? Hy tm thm thng tin trn bo ch, i pht thanh, hoc cc chng trnh truyn hnh. Tip cn chnh quyn a phng c c s h tr cho cc hot ng ca bn v ca cc t chc x hi dn s (t chc phi chnh ph) c h tr thit thc. Chia s kinh nghim lin quan n tc ng ca bin i kh hu vi nhng ngi hng xm ca bn. Bu ra mt ngi iu khin cuc hp. Cuc hp cng ng th 1 Thc hin cuc hp u tin vi nhng ngi hng xm ca bn, i din ca chnh quyn phng v mt t chc x hi dn s. Nng cao nhn thc v bin i kh hu v tc ng ca n. S dng t liu M1 , M2 v M5 . nh gi tc ng ca bin i kh hu n cng ng ca bn. Tp hp cc s kin lch s lin quan n bin i kh hu v mi trng c tc ng n khu vc bn sng. Mi gi cc thnh vin cng ng, nht l nhng ngi cao tui, tham gia tho lun. S dng cng c T1 . nh gi tc ng ca bin i kh hu n cng ng ca bn. S dng cng c T2 nh mt v d. Tho lun mi quan h tng quan gia bin i kh hu v cc vn m cng ng bn ang gp phi. Tm tt cc kt qu tho lun vo bng cng c T3 . Cng ng ca bn ng ph vi cc vn ang gp phi nh th no? Ghi li nhng iu thu thp c vo bng cng c T4 .

Phn 4

Cuc hp cng ng, bui hp chung

14

Cuc hp cng ng ln 2 Cuc hp th 3 Lng gi T chc cuc hp ln 2 khong 1 thng sau Xc nh cuc hp th 3 sau giai on thc cuc hp u tin. hin lng gi qu trnh. Bt u bng vic tm tt kt qu ca cuc Tho lun v hnh vi tiu dng v qun l rc hp u tin. thi ca bn. V d, bn c th gim s dng Nng cao nhn thc v du vt cc bon ca ti nilon gim du vt cc bon ca bn v tng c nhn v thi gian tn ti ca rc; khi gim thiu lng rc bn thi ra? S dng ng tho lun v vic gim thiu v qun l cng c T7 theo di v gim lng tiu th M4 . rc. S dng t liu M3 v ca bn. Tip tc vi vic trnh by v cc bin php Tr li cu hi: iu g tt hoc khng tt? thch ng k thut n gin. Bn c th s Bn c hi lng vi kt qu? Mi ngi c M6 v M7 . dng t liu cng tham gia khng? S dng cng c T8 Tho lun cc bin php thch ng trong cc bn xem xt. nhm nh hn. Bin php no bn thc Mi gi hng xm v bn b ca bn nhng hin, bin php no nm trong hoc ngoi kh ngi cha tham gia cc cuc hp cng ng. nng ca bn, bin php no bn ngh bn c Trnh by d n ca bn v chia s kin thc th thc hin v bn ngh thm c nhng ca bn v bin i kh hu v thch ng. H bin php no? Trnh by nhng kt qu tho tr sng kin ca h gip xy dng cc lun ca bn cho cc nhm khc trong phn hot ng ca chnh h. T5 . hp chung. S dng Cng c Tip tc t chc cc cuc hi tho trin Tip theo, tt c tham d vin c ngh khai tip qu trnh thch ng. vit ra giy cc bin php m h mong mun thc hin. Cc bin php ny c ngi iu khin cuc hp nh gi v c lit k theo th t u tin t cao xung thp. S dng cng c T6 . Xc nh khung thi gian thch hp thc hin cc bin php c la chn. Giai on thc hin Thc hin cc bin php v chin lc chn trong mt khung thi gian xc nh. Ghi chp li cc hot ng ca bn qua hnh nh.

Cuc hp cng ng, tho lun nhm

15

Cc bin php thch ng k thut n gin - ng ph vi ngp lt M6

Ngay c khi bn khng th tc ng n s xut hin ca nhng cn ma ln hay ngp do triu cng, bn c th lm gim tc ng ca chng n ngi nh ca bn v khu ph ca bn bng cch thc hin cc bin php ny 23.

Xy bc ngn nc trc ca nh bn.

Bc ngn nc

Xy cc mng/rnh nc thu gom v thot nc ma.

Mng/rnh nc

Xc nh nhng con ng trnh khi nhng khu vc b nh hng nhiu nht.

Hng s tn

Phn 4

Nng nn nh tm thi hoc vnh vin.

Nng nn nh

Xy mi che che cc mt ngoi cn nh khi b ma tt.

Mi che

Khng x rc vo h thng thot nc, b rc vo thng rc.

Qun l rc thi

16

Xy cc b cha nc ma gim mc ngp lt.

Cha nc tm thi

Bo v + Sa cha mi
Sa cha nhng ch dt trn mi nh.

Phn cng ngi theo di thi tit, cnh bo v bo v ti sn.

H thng cnh bo sm

Cc bin php thch ng k thut n gin ng ph vi nhit tng M7

C

Nhit trung bnh hng nm ca TP HCM ang gia tng; bn c th x l vn bng nhngparcs php n pocket bin gin, gip bn gim c s nng bc v nng cao cht lng sng 24.

Trng cc cy cnh to hiu qu lm mt nh hi nc bc t cy.

Lm mt - Cc cy trng trong chu

Bo tn cc b mt ph cy xanh, cc b mt cha b xy kn c vai tr thm thu v gip lm gim ngp lt.

Gi gn cy xanh v gim din tch t b xy kn

Trng cc cy leo trc nh bn c bng mt.

Cc cy bng mt Cy leo

Hy to s thng thong t nhin trong nh bn.

Thng gi t nhin

Lp t cc vt liu to bng mt trn cc li i gim bc x mt tri.

Cc yu t to bng mt

Trng cc cy c bng mt v c tc dng lm mt nh hi nc ta ra.

Cy bng mt

S dng cc vt liu nh tng Lp t cc vt liu to bng mt trc ca s gim bc x mt tri. phn x nh sng mt tri.

Cc vt liu nh

Cc yu t to bng mt

17

Phn 4

Bc 1 nh gi: H s lch s T1
Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM hiu c lch s khu ph ca mnh, cc thnh vin cng ng tm tt li nhng s kin, nhng c sc, nhng cng thng qua trong mt bng s kin lch s. Nm 1922 1963 1962/63 1963/65 Trc 1968 1970 1973 Trc 1975 1980 1985 1991/93 Trc 1996 1997 1997 2000 2002/03 2004/05 2008
18

Cc s kin lch s Nh ph bin l dng nh sn Gim din tch trng la nhiu phng Nhiu nh b ph hy do chy Xy dng li nh Mi trng t nhin v nh ca b hy hoi do chy v chin tranh Xy dng mi ng p ng lu lng giao thng tng ln Lp t ng dy in 110V Thuyn i li c trn knh v sng rch; cy ci mc t nhin: bn v i Lp knh, khng cn nh sn Lp t h thng nc my Lp knh xy dng cc khu dn c mi trong thi gian thiu ht v t Xy dng thm nhiu hm gii quyt lu lng giao thng tng ln Di di dn do chy Lp knh xy ng Chy ch Lp t cng thot nc u tin dc theo sng Mc ngp cao nht do ma ln Cc t ngp trm trng hn do xy ng cao tc

a im Phng 5, 6, 8, 9 Phng 5, 6, 8, 9 Phng 5, 6, 8, 9 Phng 8, Khu ph 1

Phng 8 Phng 8, Khu ph 4 Phng 8, Khu ph 3, 4 Phng 8, Khu ph 1, 3, 4 Phng 8, Khu ph 4

Phn 5

Cng ng ca bn

Tng hp tt c cc s kin trong qu kh, c bit cng vi cc thnh vin ln tui trong cng ng, v in vo bng di y. Nm Cc s kin lch s a im

19

Phn 5

Bc 1 nh gi: Lp bn T2
Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Bn nguy hi

V mt bn nhng mi nguy hi trn nn bn a chnh, nh du cc con ng, cc cn nh b nh hng bi ngp lt do triu cng v ma ln cng nh nhng yu t lm tng mc nguy hi nh cc cng thot nc b tc nghn, cc ng rc.

BLOCK 2, WARD 8, DISTRICT 4

Ngp do triu cng Ngp do ma ln H thng thot nc cha y Rc thi Cng
HM 129F/123/3 BV

0,20 mA 0,35 m VAN DON Secondary School

1m

20

. HONG DIU

Alley no. 129F/121 BV

Alley no. 129F/123/9 BV

Bn mt ct

Thc hin lm bn mt ct lm ni bt nhng khu vc thp trng v nhng khu vc b nh hng nhiu nht.
0,20 m 0,20 m

1m

BN VN N

0,3m

Alley no. 129F BV

HM 243A HD

0,3m

0,3m

0,3m

0,3m

Cng ng ca bn

Thc hin trn bn a chnh hoc nu khng c, mt s v cc con ng ln, ng hm, nh ca trong khu vc ca bn trn mt t giy kh ln. nh du cc khu vc, cc ngi nh, con ng thng xuyn b nh hng bi tc ng ca bin i kh hu, v d nh ngp lt. Phn bit gia cc loi tc ng khc nhau v/hoc mc nghim trng. Lit k cc cc yu t lm tnh hung trm trng hn. Nu ngp lt l mt vn , trn c s Bn nguy hi ca bn, bn c th phc tho bn mt ct, cho thy nhng khu vc thp trng v mc ngp.

Bn nguy hi v Bn mt ct ca bn

Lch theo ma

Trong bng ny, cng ng phng 8, qun 4 nu bt ln s xut hn v mc ngp lt. Thng / Cc nguy hi
Ngp do triu cng Ngp do ma ln

2
Nh

10
Nh

11

12

Nng

Lch theo ma ca cng ng bn

Thng / Cc nguy hi

10

11

12

21

Phn 5

nh du nhng nguy hi hoc nhng s kin nh hng n cng ng ca bn; phn bit cc mc khc nhau: nh / va / nng.

Bc 1 nh gi: Tc ng ca bin i kh hu v cc vn lin quan T3

Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Cy vn

Cng c Cy vn lm ni bt ln nhng vn c bn v h qu ca chng n cng ng.

Lm nh d (bn)

S khng n nh ca cc cn nh

Nc ng

Nhiu mui

Mt mt

Hn ch i li Thit hi

Phn 5

nh hng sc khe

Ngp lt
22

Nng bc hn

nhim

Cng ng ca bn

Cy vn ca bn

Ghi li nhng vn c bn phn r ca cy v nhng tc ng m cng ng bn ang gp phi phn ngn cy. Tho lun mi quan h ph thuc ln nhau gia cc nguyn nhn v tc ng.

23

Phn 5

Bc 1 nh gi: Tc ng v ng ph T4
Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Tc ng v ng ph

Trong tho lun nhm trng tm, thu thp cc vn c bn, cc tc ng ang din ra v cc cch ng ph theo tng gii.

Tc ng n cng ng
Tc ng Cc vn cng ng ang gp phi N Nam Ngp tng trt Ngp do triu cng v ma ln Mi b dt Mi hi t cng Hn ch i li Nhng ngi bn hng gp kh khn trong vic by hng / mt thu nhp Tng b mc do thm nc nh hng n sc khe Mi hi t cng Nhiu mui Xe my b d (bn)

Cch ng ph ca cng ng
Tc ng Cch ng ph ca cng ng N Nam Nng nn nh Nng nn nh Xy thm bc trong nh Gi kin ngh n cc cp chnh nhng vt c gi tr quyn lm thng cng rnh Lm sch ng v hm Tt nc ra khi b ngp sau khi ngp Dng nhng tm vn Huy ng cc h gia nh y xe my qua thng cng

Phn 5

Ngp do triu cng v ma ln

24

Cng ng ca bn

Tho lun cc vn nh ngp lt hay nng bc, v cc tc ng ca chng n cng ng bn. Sau , tng hp cc cch ng ph ca bn v ca cng ng i vi cc tc ng. Nam v n tho lun trong cc nhm ring, do cch nhn, vn v cch ng ph ca h c th khc nhau. Sau cng tho lun chung v so snh cc kt qu khc nhau. Ghi li nhng kt qu tt c u thy.

Cc tc ng m cng ng bn ang gp phi v cc cch ng ph ca cng ng bn

Tc ng n cng ng ca bn
Tc ng Cc vn cng ng bn ang gp phi N Nam

Cch ng ph ca cng ng bn
Tc ng

Cch ng ph ca cng ng bn Phn 5

25

Nam

Bc 2 Lp k hoch hnh ng: Nng lc ti ch T5

Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Nng lc ca cng ng thch ng vi bin i kh hu

Trong cc nhm nh hn, cc thnh vin cng ng tho lun nhng bin php thch ng khc nhau c tng hp li trang 16 v 17. H quyt nh cc bin php no nm trong hay ngoi kh nng ca h, bin php no c th thc hin ring l, v bin php no cng thc hin.

Cc bin php k thut n gin trong kh nng ca cng ng

Cc bin php v hot ng Gim tiu th in: gim s dng my iu ha (nu khng cn thit) Gim vic mua cc sn phm nha (c du vt cac bon cao) Trng cy trc mi nh; trng cy leo trn ban cng Gim nng bc Sp xp li vt trong nh to thng thong t nhin trong tng cn nh S dng cc ti xch i ch c th s dng li nhiu ln, s dng li cc ti ni lng Tham gia dch v thu gom rc, ng ph Phn loi rc ti nh, tch rc hu c (thc phm) v rc v c (nha, thy tinh) Khuyn khch cc bin php thch ng vi bin i kh hu v ci thin mi trng Lm sch cng rnh thot nc

Gim thiu

Phn 5

Gim lng rc thi ( trnh khng x rc vo cng thot nc)

Nng cao nhn thc Gim ngp lt

26

Cng ng ca bn

Nng lc ca cng ng bn thch ng vi bin i kh hu

Tho lun nng lc ca cng ng v nhng ngun lc hin c thch ng vi tc ng ca bin i kh hu. Cc bin php no nm ngoi kh nng v ngun lc ca cng ng bn? Tng hp cc bin php c th thc hin ring l v nhng bin php cn thc hin cng nhau.

Cc bin php k thut n gin trong kh nng ca cng ng bn

Cc bin php v cc hot ng

27

Phn 5

Bc 2 Lp k hoch hnh ng: Lp th t u tin v lp k hoch thc hin T6

Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

La chn cc bin php thch ng

Tng thnh vin cng ng ghi li cc bin php thch ng m ngi mun v c th thc hin. Sau ngi hng dn tho lun cho biu quyt cng khai v trnh by danh sch theo th t. Cc bin php thch ng Gim s dng ti ni lng Gim s dng in Trng cy S dng ti i ch Phn loi rc ti nh ng ph thu gom rc M ca s Khuyn khch / nng cao nhn thc Khng x rc

S thnh vin cng ng (ng )

13 ngi 11 ngi 22 ngi 18 ngi 8 ngi 6 ngi 1 ngi 1 ngi 1 ngi

K hoch thc hin Phn 5

Cc thnh vin cng ng thng nht thi gian biu c tnh rng buc nhng ph hp thc hin cc bin php thch ng. Cc bin php thch ng S dng ti i ch Gim s dng ti ni lng Phn loi rc ti nh Gim tiu th in Trng cy
28

Thi gian

T 18/5/2010 tr i

Cng ng ca bn

Cc bin php thch ng ca cng ng bn

Tng thnh vin cng ng ghi li cc bin php thch ng m ngi mun v c th thc hin trn mt t giy. Ngi hng dn s xem cc bn v ghi li cc bin php thch ng vo danh sch theo th t bt u l bin php c nhiu ngi thch nht. Cc bin php thch ng S thnh vin cng ng (ng )

K hoch thc hin

Sauk hi chn cc bin php thch ng, hy xc nh thi gian thc hin. Cc bin php thch ng Thi gian

29

Phn 5

Bc 3 Thc hin
Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Thc hin cc bin php

Cng ng phng 8, qun 4 thc hin cc bin php m h chn.

S dng ti i ch thn thin mi trng

Trng cy trc mt tin nh

Trng cy trong chu

Cnh trn ng 30

Trng cy trong chu

Cng ng ca bn

Cc bin php thc hin

Tin hnh cc bin php bn chn v thc hin cc bin php v mi trng hay xy dng theo lch. Chp nh lm t liu.

Trng cy leo trn cc ban cng

Trng cy trc cc ca s

To ra khng gian xanh ngh ngi

To vn trn mi

To ra cc mt tin xanh

To vn trn mi 31

Bc 4 Lng gi v cc hot ng tip theo: Gim st T7

Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Cng ng d n th im c cung cp 1 th theo di, tt c cc thnh vin trong cng ng c yu cu ghi li tt c cc mt hng nha mua trong . Cng c ny c s dng h tr cng ng trong vic kim sot v gim vic tiu th nha.

Th theo di: Gim tiu th ti ni lng

Cc mt hng nha mua

Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Th 6

Thng 6 / 2010
Th 7 Ch nht

Chai nha

Ti nha

7 8 chi nha 14 15

10

11 12 Ly (cc) nha 18 19

13

16

17

20

21 Phn 5

22

Ti nha

23

24

25

Ti nha

26

27

28

29

30

Chai nha

32

Cng ng ca bn

Th theo di ca bn: Gim tiu th nha

gim vic tiu th nha ca bn, hy ghi li tt c cc mt hng nha mua vo Th theo di hng ngy; hoc cch khc, bn c th s dng lch thng thng. Hy tho lun vi gia nh bn, cc thnh vin gia nh v cng ng nhng mt hng no khng cn thit c mua. Tip tc ghi li v c gng trnh mua trong nhng thng sau.

Cc mt hng nha mua

Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Th 6

/
Th 7

Thng / Nm
Ch nht

33

Phn 5

Bc 4 Lng gi v cc hot ng tip theo: Xem li T8

Cng ng khu ph 2, phng 8, qun 4, TP HCM

Xem li: Cc kin v kinh nghim

Cuc hp cng ng ln 3 c t chc lng gi nhng n lc thch ng v t c nhng hiu qu cp s nhn u tin, v d nh chia s kin thc v kinh nghim vi cc nhm cng ng v khi ng cc hot ng tip theo. Cc bng di y tng hp nhng kin v kinh nghim m cng ng phng 8 qun 4 chn chia s. iu g thay i trong hnh vi ca bn?

Rc c thu gom v phn loi ti h gia nh ci thin iu kin mi trng ca khu ph v trnh x rc v lm tc nghn cng rnh thot nc. Tt cc thit b in t v chiu sng khi khng dung ti, gim tiu th nng lng. S dng ti i ch nhiu ln v thn thin mi trng gim lng rc thi. Gim mua cc mt hng nha.
Bn c mun chia s kinh nghim khng? Bn c nhn xt g khng?

Cc ti i ch mu xanh d nhn bit do enda Vit nam pht c nhng ngi bn hng ch v ca hng nhn ra. iu ny to c hi cho cc thnh vin cng ng ni v d n th im Thch ng da vo cng ng, v bin i kh hu v s cn thit gi sch mi trng v gim s dng nha. Phn 5
34

Vic s dng 1 ti i ch to c xem l trng lch s hn xch nhiu ti ni lng. c xut phn phi cc ti i ch cho cc khu ph v phng khc. Vic trng cy ti cc khng gian m cng cng trn ng ph v ban cng lm tng s hp dn ca khu ph v to khng kh nh cho n; bng mt lm tng cht lng sng.

Cng ng ca bn

Xem li: kin v kinh nghim ca bn

S dng cc cu hi di y chia s kin v kinh nghim c th ca bn vi cng ng. Nu bt ln nhng mt tch cc nhng hy trung thc v ng ngi nu ln nhng n tng khng tt, xem nh l im khi u cho qu trnh hon thin.

iu g thay i trong hnh vi ca bn?

Bn c hi lng vi cc bin php v tc ng ca chng? Nu khng, ti sao?

C phi tt c u tham gia? Nu khng, ti sao?

Bn c mun chia s kinh nghim g khng? Bn c nhn xt g khng?

35

Phn 5

36

S khch l v kt lun

Ti thi im ny, chng ti mun tng hp tt c nhng kt qu c c t d n Thch ng da vo cng ng, khch l nhng cng ng d b tn thng, cc t chc x hi dn s v cc c quan chnh quyn a phng t mnh bt u sng kin thch ng. Ti thi im bt u d n thch ng ca bn, dng nh mc tiu thch ng vi bin i kh hu v gim mc tn thng l nm ngoi tm tay. Kinh nghin vi cng ng phng 8, qun 4 chng minh rng cng ng ti ch c th b hn ch ngun lc thch ng v mt xy dng, nhng h c nhng kin thc bn a nh mt hp phn c bn ca Thch ng da vo cng ng; h c kh nng nh gi nh hng ti ch ca bin i kh hu, t chc cc cuc hp, trao i vi cc t chc x hi dn s v chnh quyn a phng. Tt nhin chng ti khng th giu gim rng cch tip cn Thch ng da vo cng ng c nhng thch thc khc nhau: cc hot ng

thch ng cp c s b gii hn v quy m v phm vi; nhng tc ng chnh ca bin i kh hu nh ngp do mc nc bin dng, hay nng bc do nhit tng c th khng c gii quyt mt cch hiu qu. Nu mt cng ng c nguy c cao b ngp lt, ch c cch s tn h n vng an ton hn mi mang li s thay i cho tnh hnh ca h. Cc hot ng Thch ng da vo cng ng thm ch c th khng hiu qu do nhng pht trin quy m ln; cc sng kin cng ng quy m nh c th bn vng cn lng ghp chng vi cc quy trnh quy hoch tng th. D vy, hy can m, hy bc bc u tin v khi ng d n Thch ng da vo cng ng trong khu dn c ca bn! V tt nhin, chng ti mun hc hi kinh nghim ca bn. gp phn hi hay bo co d n, xin lin h D n Nghin cu TP cc ln H Ch Minh hay enda Vit nam. Chng ti chc cc bn thnh cng!

37

Ti liu tham kho v Ngun nh

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (n.d.): The Greenhouse Effect. (URL: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/campaign/pdf/greenhouse_effects_en.pdf retrieved Feb. 2011).

THE OCEAN CONSERVANCY (2005): Pocket Guide to Marine Debris. (URL: http://www.cobsea. org/cleanupeas/docs/ICC_PocketGuide_EN.pdf retrieved Mar. 2011). HO BA THAM (2009): Urbanization for Ho Chi Minh City in the Future: Forecasting Cultural and Social Challenges and Opportunities. HCMC Institute of Development Studies, Conference Paper (URL: http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/resources/seminars/Urbanization_Seminar/HCMC_ Workshop/Additional_Materials/Urbanization_for_ HCMC_in_the_Future__Dr._Ho_Ba_Tham.pdf. retrieved Feb. 2011). WUST, S.; BOLAY, J.-C. and THAI THI NGOC DU (2002): Metropolization and the ecological crisis: precarious settlements in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In: Environment and Urbanization (2002), No. 14, pp. 211-224.

GERMAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR CIVIC EDUCATION (n.d.): Klima-Killer (URL: http://www.bpb. de/popup/popup_grafstat.html?url_guid=79PP5C retrieved Feb. 2011). EUROPEAN COMMISSION (n.d.): Climate change. What can you do to fight it? (URL: http:// ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/campaign/pdf/ppt3-notes-en.pdf retrieved Feb. 2011). PLANET GREEN (2009): The Mysterious Carbon Footprint of Packaging. (URL: http://planetgreen. discovery.com/tech-transport/mysterious-carbonfootprint-packaging.html retrieved Mar. 2011).

10

FRITSCHE, U. R.; EBERLE, U.; WIEGMANN, K. and SCHMIDT, K. (2007): Treibhausgasemissionen durch Erzeugung und Verarbeitung von Lebensmitteln. Institute for Applied Ecology (URL: http://www.oeko.de retrieved Mar. 2011). EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2008): Climate for a Transport Change. ISSN 17259177 (URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ eea_report_2008_1 retrieved Mar. 2011).

11

ADB Asian Development Bank (2010): Ho Chi Minh City - Adaptation to Climate Change. Summary Report, ISBN: 9789715618939, Manila, The Philippines. STORCH, H.; DOWNES, N.; KATZSCHNER, L. and NGUYEN XUAN THINH (2010): Building Resilience to Climate Change through Adaptive Land Use Planning: The Case of Ho Chi Minh City. In: Zimmermann, K.O. and Zimmermann, M. (Eds.) Resilient Cities; Berlin: Springer (IN PRINT). ADB Asian Development Bank (2010): ibid.

12

HOPE, A. and GIBSON, J. (2008): Carbon Dioxide Offsetting for Conferences. (URL: http://www. nzsses.auckland.ac.nz/conference/2008/papers/ Hope-Gibson.pdf retrieved Mar. 2011).

13

38

14

BOOTH, T. H.; NGUYEN HOANG NGHIA; KIRSCHBAUM, M. U. F.; HACKETT, C. and JOVANOVIC, T. (1999): Assessing Possible Impacts of Climate Change on Species Important for Forestry in Vietnam. In: Climatic Change (1999), No 41, pp 109-126, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT T.P. HO CHI MINH (2010): Research Results from Action Field 1, Work Package 1, STORCH, H.; DOWNES, N. and RUJNER, H. WISNER, B.; BLAIKIE, P.; CANNON, T. and DAVIS, I. (2004): At Risk. Natural Hazards, Peoples Vulnerability and Disasters. Second Edition. ISBN 9780415252164, Routledge, London, UK. WUST, S.; BOLAY, J.-C. and THAI THI NGOC DU (2002): ibid. DAVIS, I.; HAGHEBAERT, B. and PEPPIATT, D. (2004): Social Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis. Paper, ProVention Project (URL: http://www.proventionconsortium.org/themes/default/pdfs/VCA_ ws04.pdf. retrieved Feb. 2011). IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007): Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. (URL: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf retrieved Nov. 2010). DAVIES, S. (2009): Are Coping Strategies a Cop-Out? In: Schipper, E. L. F. & Burton, I. (Eds.) (2009): The Earthscan Reader on Adaptation to Climate Change, pp 99-116, Earthscan, UK & USA.

21

BAAS, S. and RAMASAMY, S. (2007): Improved Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change for Sustainable Livelihoods in the Agriculture Sector. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, UNDP (URL: http://www.fao.org/nr/clim/abst/ clim_080303_en.htm retrieved Feb. 2011). CARE INTERNATIONAL (2010): Framework of Milestones and Indicators for Community-Based Adaptation. (URL: http://www.careclimatechange. org/files/toolkit/CBA_Framework.pdf retrieved Sept. 2010).

15

22

16

17

MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT T.P. HO CHI MINH (2010): Research Results from Action Field 2, Work Packages 7 and 8, ECKERT, R. and SCHINKEL, U.
23

18

MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT T.P. HO CHI MINH (2010): ibid.

24

19

nh ENDA VIETNAM: Community Workshops, Pages 12 and 13 (left) Project Implementation, Pages 30 and 31. MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT T.P. HO CHI MINH; ECKERT, R.: Settlement along canal (HCMC), Page 10. MEGACITY RESEARCH PROJECT T.P. HO CHI MINH; SCHINKEL, U.: Canal Settlement, Title Community Workshops, Pages 11, 13 (right), 14, 15.

20

39

D n Nghin cu TP cc ln TP. H Ch Minh Trng i hc Cng ngh Brandenburg Cottbus

www.megacity-hcmc.org megacity-hcmc@tu-cottbus.de

www.endavn.org.vn
2011 i hc Cng ngh Brandenburg Cottbus ISBN 978-3-00-034353-7 (English version)

enda Vietnam

40