Huong Dan Su Dung GSP 5-VI Com

Bin son : H Quc Vn
THPT NGUYN HU
Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad
MC LC
CHNG 1. M U
1.1. Gii thiu......................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Bt u Lm Quen Vi GSP. ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1. Giao din ngi dng ............................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Cc cng c c bn:................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2. Kho St Cc Menu.................................................................................................................................. 7
Menu Tp........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Menu Hiu chnh ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Menu Hin th............................................................................................................................................... 11
Menu Dng hnh........................................................................................................................................... 11
Menu Bin hnh ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Menu Php o............................................................................................................................................... 12
Menu S........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Menu th.................................................................................................................................................. 13
CHNG 2. CC I TNG HNH HC C BN CHC NNG V QUAN H GIA CHNG
2.1. Cc i Tng Hnh Hc C Bn V Chc Nng Ca Chng .................................................................... 14
2.1.1. im ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.1.2. ng trn ............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.1.3. on thng, ng thng v tia............................................................................................................. 15
2.1.4. Vit ch .................................................................................................................................................. 16
2.2. Quan H Gia Cc i Tng Hnh Hc ..................................................................................................... 16
2.3. i tng ng.............................................................................................................................................. 17
CHNG 3. DNG HNH V QU TCH
3.1. Cc Cng C Dng Hnh C Bn ................................................................................................................. 18
3.1.1. Dng mt im trn i tng. .............................................................................................................. 18
3.1.2. Dng trung im ca mt on thng .................................................................................................... 18
3.1.3. Dng giao im ca 2 i tng ............................................................................................................ 18
3.1.4. Dng on thng, tia, ng thng. ....................................................................................................... 18
3.1.5. Dng ng thng i qua mt im v song song vi ng thng cho trc ..................................... 18
3.1.6. Dng ng thng vung gc vi ng thng cho trc .................................................................... 18
3.1.7. Dng ng phn gic ca mt gc cho trc ...................................................................................... 18
3.1.8. Dng ng trn bit tm v mt im thuc ng trn..................................................................... 18
3.1.9. Dng ng trn khi bit bn knh v tm............................................................................................. 19
3.1.10. Dng cung trn ng trn .................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.11. Dng cung trn i qua 3 im .............................................................................................................. 19
3.1.12. Dng min trong ca mt i tng .................................................................................................... 19
3.2. Qy Tch Ca Mt im Hay i Tng .................................................................................................... 19
3.3. Bi Tp p Dng........................................................................................................................................... 21
CHNG 4. PHP BIN HNH
4.1. Cc Cng C Bin Hnh C Bn................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.1. Php tnh tin.......................................................................................................................................... 24
Tnh tin theo vector chn trc.............................................................................................................. 24
4.1.2. Php quay ............................................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.3. Php v t................................................................................................................................................ 25
T s v t uc nhp t hp thoi................................................................................................................ 25
4.1.4. Php i xng trc.................................................................................................................................. 26
4.2. Bi Tp p Dng........................................................................................................................................... 27
CHNG 5. O C V TNH TON
5.1. Cc Cng C o c C Bn ....................................................................................................................... 28
5.1.1. Tnh chiu di v khong cch ............................................................................................................... 28
Tnh chiu di (Lenght) ................................................................................................................................ 28
Tnh khong cch (Distance)........................................................................................................................ 28
5.1.2. Tnh chu vi.............................................................................................................................................. 28
Chu vi a gic (Perimeter)............................................................................................................................ 28
Chu vi ng trn (Circumference) ............................................................................................................. 28
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5.1.3. Tnh gc v din tch .............................................................................................................................. 28

Tnh gc(Angle) ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Tnh din tch(Area) ..................................................................................................................................... 29
5.1.4. Tnh s o cung v di cung.............................................................................................................. 29
5.1.5. Tnh bn v t s ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Bn knh(Radius).......................................................................................................................................... 29
Tnh t s gia 2 on thng (Ratio)............................................................................................................. 29
5.1.6. My tnh (Calculator) ............................................................................................................................. 29
5.1.7. Ta ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Tnh honh ca im (x).......................................................................................................................... 30
Tnh tung ca im (y) ............................................................................................................................ 30
Tnh khong cch theo ta Coordinate Distance..................................................................................... 30
5.1.8. H s gc v phng trnh ..................................................................................................................... 30
Tnh h s gc (Slope).................................................................................................................................. 30
Xem phng trnh ca i tng (Equation) ............................................................................................... 30
5.2. Bi Tp p Dng........................................................................................................................................... 31
CHNG 6. TH V H TA
6.1. Th (Graphic) ........................................................................................................................................... 32
6.1.1. Xc nh h trc ta cho h thng ..................................................................................................... 32
6.1.2. nh du h trc ta cho h thng .................................................................................................... 32
6.1.3. Cc li ta hin th .......................................................................................................................... 32
6.1.4. n hoc hin h ta v xc nh im c ta nguyn ................................................................. 33
6.1.5. Dng im khi bit ta ca n .......................................................................................................... 33
6.1.6. To ra tham s mi................................................................................................................................. 33
6.1.7. To ra mt hm s mi........................................................................................................................... 34
6.1.8. V th hm s..................................................................................................................................... 34
6.1.9. o hm v tip tuyn ng cong........................................................................................................ 35
o hm........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Tip tuyn ng cong................................................................................................................................. 35
6.1.10. Lp bng gi tr tng ng ................................................................................................................... 36
6.2. Cc H Trc Ta ...................................................................................................................................... 37
6.2.1. H ta cc.......................................................................................................................................... 37
6.2.2. Ta Descartes v ta ch nht...................................................................................................... 38
6.3. V Th Hm S Cho Bi Phng Trnh C Cha Tham S ................................................................... 38
6.3.1. ng thng ........................................................................................................................................... 38
6.3.2. ng trn: ............................................................................................................................................ 40
6.3.3. ng Elip ............................................................................................................................................. 40
6.4. Bi Tp p Dng....................................................................................................................................... 41
CHNG 7. CNG C NGI DNG V HNH HC FRACTAL
7.1. Cng C Ty Bin......................................................................................................................................... 42
7.2. Hnh Hc Fractal ........................................................................................................................................... 43
7.2.1. Thm Sierpinski...................................................................................................................................... 43
7.2.2. ng Von Koch ................................................................................................................................... 44
7.2.3. Cy Pitago .............................................................................................................................................. 45
Mt s lu khi s dng php lp trong Menu Bin hnh........................................................................... 45
CHNG 8. DNG CC NG CONIC
8.1. Parabol........................................................................................................................................................... 47
8.1.1. Parabol Cho Bi ng Chun V Tiu im...................................................................................... 47
8.1.2. Parabol Qua Hai im V Bit Tiu im ............................................................................................ 47
8.2. Elip ................................................................................................................................................................ 47
8.3. Hypebol ......................................................................................................................................................... 48
8.4. Elip Hoc Hypebol Khi C Tm Sai V Tiu im ..................................................................................... 48
8.5. Conic Qua Nm im ................................................................................................................................... 48
CHNG 9. LI KT
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CHNG 1. M U
1.1. Gii thiu
Ngy nay tin hc c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong cuc sng, c th ni hu nh khng c bt k
mt ngnh no m khng ng dng tin hc. V th, gio dc cng khng nm ngoi phm vi . ng dng tin
hc vo vic hc v dy lun lun l mt trong nhng vn c nhiu ngi quan tm. c bit l cc qu
thy c gio cng nh nhng sinh vin s phm ang hc chun b c lm thy, c...
Phn mm hnh hc ng Geometer's Sketchpad (GSP) l mt phn mm thc s hay v b ch v ti
ngh bt c mt gio vin ton no cng nn bit. V th, vi s hiu bit t i v tin hc ca mnh, ti bin son
ti liu hng dn nh ny hy vng c th gip c phn no nhng ai quan tm mun hc, tm hiu GSP.
Nhc n phn mm hnh hc ng chc chng ta nghe ni n nhng anh ti ni tingnh:
- Cabri II Plus: l mt phn mm hnh hc ng c bn quyn ca cng ty CabriLog-Php, ni ting vi cabri
2D v 3D. Hin nay, ti Vit Nam c nh phn phi v bn ting Vit ca Cabri. Bn c th tham kho thm
ti a ch www.cabri.com
- Geogebra: l phn mm hnh hc ng c pht trin bi mt tin s ngi o. L phn mm min ph, m
ngun m v hin ny c vit ha gn nh 100%. Bn c th tham kho thm ti a ch
www.geogebra.org.
- C.a.R: l mt phn mm hnh hc ng (Dynamic Geometry) c vit trn ngn ng Java m ngun m v
hon ton min ph. C.a.R (Circle And Rules) nh gn, tng i d s dng. Gio s ton hc ni ting ca
c,ng Rene. Grothmann l tc gi ca C.a.R.
Tuy nhin c mt iu khng thun li cho Geogebra v C.a.R l chy c 2 phn mm ny th my ca
bn phi ci my o Java. bit thm xin vo http://www.z-u-l.de
- GSP: cng l phn mm hnh hc ng c vit bi cng ty Keypress, l mt cng ty chuyn vit cc phn
mm gio dc v sch tham kho ni ting ca M. Phn mm ny c Vit ha (tnh n V5.00). GSP c
nhng u im ni bt m cc phn mm khc khng c nh:
+ Nh gn d ci t, khng yu cu my tnh c cu hnh mnh (khi son ti liu ny ti dng PC 860 MHz
nhng vn chy tt GSP). C th sao chp tp tin thc thi l chy c ngay m khng cn ci t. iu ny rt
c li, bn ch cn lu n vo USB v sau c th chy trn bt c ni u.
+ Phn mm khng ci kha, v vy bn c th ci t v s dng n m khng cn c serial hay m kch hot.
+ Cc i tng hnh m GSP v rt mn v p.
+ Chuyn ng v to vt ca mt im khi kch hot chc nng chuyn ng rt t nhin. Ni nh th khng
c ngha rng Skechpad khng c nhc im. Tuy nhin, ti ngh bn c th d dng chp nhn mt vi nhc
im v vn s dng hiu qu Skechpad trong hc v dy ton.
Ch : Bn c th tm hiu r v su hn v cc phn mm hnh hc ng bng cch hy truy cp vo
www.google.com v dng cc t kha hnh hc ng; GSP; Cabri; Geogebra.... Bn c th ti phn mm
GSP V4.07 ti a ch http://haquocvan.schools.officelive.com/Documents/GSP5.0viethoa.rar
Ti liu hng dn ny chc chn cn rt nhiu iu hn ch v cn b sung cng nh sa i cho ph hp. Rt
mong nhn c s gp ca cc bn v a ch email: haquocvan99@gmail.com
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1.2. Bt u Lm Quen Vi GSP.

1.2.1. Giao din ngi dng
Giao din chnh ca phn mm:
1.2.2 Cc cng c c bn:

Cng c chn : Bn dng cng c ny chn mt hay nhiu i tng no trn mt phng. Nu sau
khi chn cng c ny, bn click v gi chut tri (drag) vo i tung th bn c th di chuyn n trn mt
phng.
Bn cng c th dng cng c ny dng giao im ca 2 i tng no bng cch click vo v tr giao
im .
Ti v tr ca cng c chn bn click v gi chut tri mt khong thi gian bn s thy xut hin thm hai i
tng xut hin bn cnh.
Cng c ny dng drag mt i tng no trn mt phng quay xung quanh mt
i tng khc no c chn lm tm
Cng c ny cng c chc nng tng t nh cng c trn.Nhng n khng quay i tng
quanh mt im, m hn ch hng ca i tng.
Ch : Trong bt c trng hp no, d bn ang chn cng c no, bn ch cn n nt ESC ngay tc khc bn
s tr v chn cng c chn.
Cng c im : cng c ny dng to ra mt IM trn mt phng. Sau khi click chut vo cng c
ny, bn ch vic click chut vo mt phng, ch m bn mun IM xut hin.
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Cng c ny cng c th dng giao im ca 2 i tng no trong mt phng. Bng cch bn click chut
vo v tr giao im . Tt nhin l trc bn chn cng c im.
Cng c Compa : dng v ng trn trn mt phng. Bn ch cn ba ci click: ci u tin click vo

biu tng ca cng c Compa; ci th hai click vo mt phng xc nh tm ca ng trn; ci th 3 click
vo v tr bt k trn mt phng.
Sau khi v c ng trn, bn c th iu chnh li kch thc ng trn sao cho hp yu cu ca bn bng
cch dng cng c chn, click vo tm hoc im th hai xc nh c ng trn v sau ko (drag) n
trn mt phng.
Cng c thc thng : dng cc i tng nh on thng, on thng i qua 2 im cho trc,
ng thng, ng thng qua 2 im cho trc, tia.
Cng ging nh cng c chn khi bn click chut tri v gi n mt khong thi gian, bn s thy xut hin
. Tng ng vi n l dng v an thng, tia v ng thng.
Cng c dng min a gic:
Cng ging nh cng c chn khi bn click chut tri v gi n mt khong thi gian, bn s thy xut hin
. Tng ng vi n l dng v min trong khng c ng bin, min trong c ng
bin v ng bin.
Cng c vn bn : dng to nhn cho cc i tung khc hoc cc ghi ch, cc dng ch theo yu cu
ca bn trn mt phng.
Ch : Bn c th g ting Vit trong GSP bng bng m Unicode, VNI Windows,
Cng c vit - v t do: v du gc, nh du, k hiu v v bng tay.
Cng c thng tin: cho bit thuc tnh ca i tng v mi lin quan gia cc i tng.
Cng c ty bin : GSP ch h tr nhng cng c c bn nh im(point), ung trn (circle), on

thng (segment), ng thng(line) v tia(ray). Trong qu trnh s dng GSP chc chc c nhng hnh bn
thng xuyn s dng, chng hn nh tam gic, tc gic, hnh thoi, hnh vung V vy trnh lp i lp li
mt cng vic nhm chn , GSP cho ra i Cng c ty bin (tng t cng c Macro trong Winword)
Cng c ny s cho php bn ghi li cch dng v to nhng i tng theo yu cu ca bn. Nh cng c ny
m ngui dng GSP cm thy thc s thoi mi hn v cm nhn c sc mnh ca phn mm.
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1.2.2. Kho St Cc Menu

Menu Tp
Trong cc Menu trn bn cn ch mc Ty chn ti liu, bn c th to thm trang, i tn trang hoc

xa trangchn mc ny bn s thy ca s nh hnh bn.
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Menu Hiu chnh
Lm vic vi GSP bn cn ch rng khng c Menu cha lnh Insert. Nu bn mun chn mt bc nh vo
th bn hy copy bc nh trong mt chng trnh x l nh no (v d nh chng trnh Paint). Ri dn
(Paste) nh vo mt phng ang lm vic. Lc hnh nh s tr thnh nh nn ca mt phng lm vic.
Trong menu Hiu chnh bn cn ch thm lnh Nt hnh ng, n rt hu ch cho bn sau ny.
Click chut vo s thy c menu con gm cc lnh sau:

n/Hin: Lnh ny s to ra mt nt(button) mi. Khi click chut vo button ny th s n hoc hin mt i
tng no trn mt phng do bn chn trc.
Chuyn ng: to mt button thc thi lnh cho mt hay nhiu i tng no s chuyn ng.
Chuyn ng ti ch: lnh ny di chuyn mt i tng ny n mt i tng khc. V d: bn cho im
A di chuyn n im B. Nh l theo mc nh th im bn chn trc s di chuyn li im chn th hai.
Trnh din: to ra mt button m khi bn click vo button ny th cc lnh trong cc button khc s c din ra
hng lot hoc ng thi. Lnh ny hu hiu to ra mt lot hnh ng cng xy ra mt lc.
Lin kt: to ra mt lin kt. C th l lin kt ngoi hoc lin kt trong u kh dng.
Cun: cun thanh trt tri, hay phi ca mn hnh. Qua lm thay i v tr ca i tng hnh hc trong mt
phng hay mn hnh.
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Hp thoi Chuyn ng ca Nt hnh ng:

Khi chn mt i tng, sau bn chn lnh Chuyn ng trong Nt hnh ng bn s thy hp thoi nh
sau, gm c 3 th (Tab)
Th Chuyn ng
Th Tn
Th i tng
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Hp thoi Chuyn ng ti ch ca Nt hnh ng:
Trong hp thoi trn cc th i tng, Tn cng c chc nng gn ging nh trong hp thoi Chuyn ng.
Tuy nhin, c 2 ty chn bn cn ch l i theo sau mc tiu chuyn ng v n v tr ban u ca mc
tiu chuyn ng
V d: Trong mt phng, ti mun cho im A di chuyn n im B. Nhng im B khng c nh, m im
B l im chuyn ng. Lc , nu bn ch mun im A di chuyn n v tr ban u, trc khi im B di
chuyn th bn hy chn n v tr ban u ca mc tiu chuyn ng, cn nu bn mun im A rt theo
im B ang di chuyn th hy chn i theo sau mc tiu chuyn ng.
Ch : sau khi chn xong thuc tnh cho mt i tng no ti cc hp thoi tng ng th bn phi Click
vo nt Ok cc thng s c hiu lc.
Gi s rng, bn v c im B trn mt phng. Bn dng lnh Chuyn ng to ra mt button m
khi click vo th im B s chuyn ng trn mt phng. Sau bn v thm im A v dng lnh
Chuyn ng ti ch to ra mt button m khi click vo th im A s di chuyn n im B. By gi,
bn mun to ra mt button, m khi click vo th c 2 button kia u thi hnh. Tc l khi click vo button
mi ny, im A th di chuyn n im B, cn im B th chuyn ng. Th lnh Trnh din s gip bn.
Hp thoi Trnh din ca Nt hnh ng
Bn phi chn trc cc button m bn mun a chng vo Presentation. Khi lnh ny mi c hiu lc.
Hy ch rng, khi lm vic vi cc i tng trn mt phng th chut phi rt c ch cho bn. Hy click
chut phi vo mt i tng no , v xem menu ng cnh hin ln bn s thy rt nhiu iu tin ch nm
trong .
Khi ang trong menu Edit bn hy n phm Shitf bn s thy c s thay i.
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Menu Hin th
Menu Dng hnh
Xin hy ch l bn mun dng mt i tng mi, ph thuc vo cc i tng trc th bn phi chn
i tng ph thuc trc. Cn khng, khi bn vo menu Dng hnh th cc lnh ca n u cha hiu dng
(nt m nht). Trong hnh trn cc lnh u cha hiu dng.
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Menu Bin hnh
Menu Php o
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Menu S
Xin ch : Trong cc lnh trn bn cn lnh My tnh khi chn ln ny mt chic my tnh con s
hin ln cho bn tnh ton v t bn cng c th to ra cc hm s theo yu cu ca bn.
Menu th
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CHNG 2. CC I TNG HNH HC C BN CHC

NNG V QUAN H GIA CHNG
2.1. Cc i Tng Hnh Hc C Bn V Chc Nng Ca Chng
2.1.1. im
* V mt im:
Bc 1: dng chut tri click vo cng c
Bc 2: tip tc dng chut tri click vo mt phng. Ti v tr no bn mun im xut hin. Bn s c
c mt im th ny
v ang trng thi c chn.
Theo mc nh, khi mt im mi c khi to GSP s t nhn cho im theo tn cc ch ci A, B, C. v

ang trong trng thi n. Nu mun thy nhn ca im hay ca mt i tng ni chung, bn hy dng cng
c chn chn im hay i tng v sau Click chut phi > Hin tn. Bn s c c
Lp li cc thao tc trn nu bn mun to ra nhiu im.
Khi bn Click chut phi vo mt im hay i tng bn s thy mt menu ng cnh nh sau:
* Di chuyn im: bn c th di chuyn im mt cch d dng trn mt phng n nhng v tr bn thch bng
cch dng cng c chn v di chuyn im i.
* im chuyn ng: bn cng c th to ra mt im chuyn ng bng cch chn lnh Chuyn ng im
trong menu ng cnh hay trong Menu Hin th. Khi mt hp thoi nh s xut hin cho php bn iu
khin s chuyn ng ca im. Nu bn chn thm Vt im th im va chuyn ng va li du vt.
* im A di chuyn n im B: trn mt phng bn v 2 im A v B. By gi bn mun to mt button m
khi click vo button ny th im A s di chuyn n im B. Th bn lm nh sau:
Bc 1: dng cng c im v im A v im B.
Bc 2: dng cng c chn chn im A ri chn im B.
Bc 3: thc hin lnh Hiu chnh > Nt hnh ng > Chuyn ng ti ch
Bc 4: Click chut ln button mi xut hin .
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2.1.2. ng trn
Trong GSP ng trn c th xc nh khi bit tm v bn knh hoc tm v mt im th hai thuc ng
trn.
* V ng trn :
Bc 1: click chut tri vo cng c Compa
Bc 2: click chut vo mt v tr no trn mt phng.
Bc 3: ko chut ra xa v tr ban u.
Bn cng c th v trc hai im phn bit. Sau chn cng c Compa ri click vo im th nht, im th
hai.
* im trn ng trn: sau khi v xong ng trn. Nu bn mun xc nh mt im trn ng trn th bn
click chut tri vo cng c im ri click chut tri ln ng trn. Lc im mi khi to s nm trn
ng trn. Bn hy th dng chut drag im mi to , v s thy n khng di chuyn t do na, m di
chuyn trn ng trn.
2.1.3. on thng, ng thng v tia.

Ba cng c v on thng, ng thng, tia c gom chung vo mt nhm l Cng c dng on thng. Bn
hy n v gi chut tri ln cng c Cng c dng on thng bn s thy xut hin cc cng c cn li
.
* V on thng :
Bc 1: click chut vo
Bc 2: click chut vo 2 v tr khc nhau hoc 2 im phn bit trn mt phng.
* V ng thng:
Bc 1: click chut vo
Bc 2: click chut vo 2 v tr khc nhau hoc 2 im phn bit trn mt phng.
* V tia:
Bc 1: click chut vo
Bc 2: click chut vo 2 v tr khc nhau hoc 2 im phn bit ca mt phng
Ch : Khi mi khi to mt i tng th mc nh GSP chn i tng cho bn. V vy nu bn
khng mun chn i tng th bn n phm ESC hoc click chut tri vo mt ch trng no trn mt
phng. Bn cng cn phi phn bit mt i tng no ang c chn, i tng no khng c chn.
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2.1.4. Vit ch
Khi lm vic vi GSP bn c th vit ch xen k vi v hnh. Bn cng c th nhp nhng cng thc ton v
cc cng thc hnh hc. Bn cng c th vit ch Vit vo bng v.
* Vit ch
Bc 1: click chut tri vo
Bc 2: click chut tri vo mt phng v n chut xung ng thi di chuyn chut i n v tr khc
ri th chut ra.
Bc 3: nhp ch vo vng c hnh ch nht mi va khi to .
2.2. Quan H Gia Cc i Tng Hnh Hc

Chng ta cn bit rng quan h gia cc i tng hnh hc l mt trong nhng iu c bn nht, ct li
nht xy dng nn mt phn mm hnh hc ng. GSP cng vy, ton b cc i tng hnh hc trong phn
mm u c th kt ni vi nhau theo nhng qua h ton hc cht ch. Nh s kt ni gia cc i tng theo
quan h ton hc cht ch ny m cc i tng ca phn mm c th to nn mt h thng ng. chnh l
cha kha to ra sc mnh cho phn mm-khi mt i tng thay i, th nhng i tng c quan h vi n t
nhiu cng thay i theo.
Quan h gia cc i tng hnh hc trong GSP l mt quan h cha- con (parent-children) hay cn gi
l quan h ph thuc. Ni nh vy khng c ngha rng tt c cc i tng tn ti trong mt phng ca phn
mm u c quan h cha-con hay con-cha vi nhau.
V d: Bn v mt im A trn mt phng, sau bn v tip mt im B trn mt phng. Hai im ny bn v
mt cch c lp, tc l v im B khng ph thuc vo cch v im A th c th xem rng 2 i tng im
A v B chng c quan h g vi nhau c, nhng nu bn v mt on thng AB, v tip bn v mt im C
nm trn an thng AB th lc ny thc s c mi quan h. on thng AB l i tng cha ca i tng
im C, ta ni quan h gia an thng AB v C l quan h cha-con. Ngc li im C l i tng con ca
on thng AB, ta ni quan h gia im C v AB l quan h con-cha.
Bn cng thy c rng, an thng AB c c l nh vo s xc nh ca im A v im B. V th on
thng AB l i tng con ca im A v im B. y im A v B l hai i tng t do trn mt phng,
nn bn c th dng chut di chuyn n i n bt c mt ni no trn mt phng m bn thch. Khi di chuyn
A hoc B bn s thy rng cc i tng con ca chng l on AB v im C cng s di chuyn theo. Cn
Trang 16
im C, n l i tng con ca on thng AB do bn khng th di chuyn n mt cch t do na, m n

ch c th di chuyn trn on thng AB. Do vy c th ni mt i tng c khi to trc l cha ca mt
i tng khi to sau trn n.
Quan h gia i tng cha v i tng con l quan h mt-nhiu v i tng con vi i tng cha cng l
quan h mt-nhiu. iu ny c ngha rng, mt i tng trong GSP c th l cha ca nhiu i tng khc v
ngc li mt i tng cng c th l con ca nhiu i tng khc nhau.
chn tt c cc i tng con ca mt i tng no bn lm nh sau:
Bc 1: chn i tng cha.
Bc 2: dng lnh Hiu chnh > Chn tt c i tng con.
Ngc li, bn mun xem nhng i tng no l cha ca mt i tng. Bn lm nh trn nhng bc 2
bn thay bng lnh Hiu chnh > Chn tt c i tng cha.
2.3. i tng ng
Thit ngh, s c mt thiu sot ln nu khi tm hiu phn mm hnh hc ng (Dynamic Geometry) m khng
nhc n nhng i tng ng. u im, cng nh sc mnh ca phn mm GSP l n khng ch c th v
c gn nh tt c nhng i tng hnh hc m bn c th v trn giy m n cn c th to ra nhng i
tng m bn khng th no lm c vi mt cy bt v mt t giy. l i tng chuyn ng.
Trong GSP bn c th cho mt im (point) mt ng trn (circle) mt on thng (segment), ng thng
(line), mt tia (ray) chuyn ng.
Bc 1: chn i tng m bn mun cho chuyn ng.
Bc 2: dng lnh Hin th > Chuyn ng i tng hoc Click chut phi > Chuyn ng i tng
Ty theo i tng no m bn chn trc th t i tng s thay tng ng trong cc lnh trn. Khi kch
hot cho mt i tng chuyn ng, nu l i tng t do th n s chuyn ng t do trn mt phng.
Nu i tng chuyn ng l con ca i tng no , th n ch c th chuyn ng trn i tng cha ca
n. Ngc li, nu mt i tng cha chuyn ng th tt c cc i tng con ca n cng chuyn ng theo.
Khi thm lnh Hin th > Vt i tng hoc Click chut phi > Vt i tng bn s thy qu tch ca mt
i tng khi n chuyn ng.
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CHNG 3. DNG HNH V QU TCH

3.1. Cc Cng C Dng Hnh C Bn
3.1.1. Dng mt im trn i tng.
Cng c ny cho php bn dng mt im mi l i tng con ca mt i tng cha no do bn chn
trc. im mi khi to s khng b rng buc g thm ngoi vic n l i tng con ca i tng bn chn
trc .
thc hin lnh dng hnh ny bn dng lnh Dng hnh > im thuc
Cn ch thm l khi bn cha chn mt i tng no dng im ln th n s b m nht i
Nhng khi bn chn th
3.1.2. Dng trung im ca mt on thng

Lnh ny cho php bn dng mt im mi l trung im ca mt on thng m trc bn chn.
Bc 1: chn on thng.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > Trung im (Ctrl+M)
3.1.3. Dng giao im ca 2 i tng

Lnh ny cho php bn dng giao im ca 2 i tng hnh hc no .
Bc 1: chn 2 i tng cn dng giao im.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > Giao im
3.1.4. Dng on thng, tia, ng thng.

Bc 1: Chn 2 im.
Bc 2: on thng: Dng hnh > on thng (Ctrl+L)
ng thng: Dng hnh > ng thng
Tia: Dng hnh > Tia
3.1.5. Dng ng thng i qua mt im v song song vi ng thng cho

trc
Bc 1: chn ng thng hay on thng lm phng v im m ng thng cn dng i qua
Bc 2: Dng hnh > ng song song
3.1.6. Dng ng thng vung gc vi ng thng cho trc

Bc 1: chn ng thng cho trc v im m ng thng cn dng i qua.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > ng vung gc
3.1.7. Dng ng phn gic ca mt gc cho trc

V d ti cn dng ng phn gic ca ABC
Bc 1: chn theo th t A, B, C.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > Gc v tia phn gic
Khi dng ng phn gic ca mt gc. im chn th 2 c xem nh l im gc.
3.1.8. Dng ng trn bit tm v mt im thuc ng trn

Bc 1: chn tm v mt im thuc ng trn.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > ng trn bit tm + im
Trang 18
3.1.9. Dng ng trn khi bit bn knh v tm.

Bc 1: chn an thng c di m bn mun lm bn knh v chn tm.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > ng trn bit tm + bn knh
3.1.10. Dng cung trn ng trn

Bc 1: chn tm v sau chn 2 im trn ng trn m bn mun dng cung.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > Cung trn ng trn
Khi dng cung trn ng trn bn cn ch rng im u tin bn chn l tm ca ng trn, im th hai
bn chn l im bt u ca cung v im cui cng bn chn l im kt thc ca cung (cung c v theo
chiu dng)
3.1.11. Dng cung trn i qua 3 im

Bc 1: Chn 3 im mun cung trn i qua.
Bc 2: Dng hnh > Cung i qua 3 im
3.1.12. Dng min trong ca mt i tng

Bc 1: chn i tng bn mun dng min trong
Bc 2: Dng hnh > Min trong (Ctrl+P)
3.2. Qy Tch Ca Mt im Hay i Tng

Mt trong nhng iu tht tuyt vi m phn mm GSP em li cho chng ta l kh nng tm qu tch ca
mt i tng hnh hc. Tt nhin l GSP khng c kh nng chng minh c qu tch ca mt i tng
hnh hc m n v nn qu tch. Nhng n c th gip chng ta hnh dung c qu tch ca i tng trc
khi chng minh.
tm qu tch ca mt i tng bn lm nh sau:
Bc 1: chn i tng cha.(y l i tng c th thay i, v cc i tng khc thng ph thuc
vo n).
Bc 2: Chn i tng con ca i tng trn (y l i tng m bn mun tm qu tch)
Bc 3: Dng hnh > Qu tch
V d 1: Cho ng trn (O), AB l ng knh, mt im C thay i trn (O). Hy dng
im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Khi C thay i tm qu tch im D.
Gii:
Bc 1: Dng on thng AB.
Bc 2: Dng O l trung im ca AB.
Bc 3: Dng ng trn bit tm (O) v im (A).
Bc 4: Dng C thuc ng trn (O) v dng an CB.
Bc 5: Dng ng thng a qua C v song song vi AB, dng ng thng b qua A v song song vi CB.
Bc 6: Dng D l giao im ca a v b.
Bc 7: Tm qu tch ca im D khi im C thay i. Chn im C v sau chn im D.
Bc 8: Dng lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch
V y l kt qu m chng ta thu c khi thc hin nhng bc dng hnh trn.
Trang 19
Bn hy double-click vo nhn ca i tng no m bn mun thay i tn.

By gi cng bi ton dng hnh v tm qy tch trn. Nhng chng ta khng mun GSP v nn qu tch nhanh
nh vy. M dng s chuyn ng ca C v im D v ln qu tch.
lm c iu ny, bc 7 bn khng dng lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch tm qu tch m thay th bc 7
bng lnh sau:
- nh du to vt cho im D (chn im D, dng lnh Click chut phi > Vt giao im
- Kch hat cho im C chuyn ng. (chn im C, dng lnh Click chut phi > Chuyn ng im)
V d 2:
Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O) v c AB l ng knh. Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic
OAC. Tm qu tch ca im H khi C thay i trn ng trn O.
Ch : khi tn ca i tng cha xut hin th bn c th chn i tng v dng lnh Click chut phi >
Hin tn
V d 3: Cho ng trn (O,R) v mt im A nm ngoi ng trn (O). Mt im B thay i trn (O). Gi d
l ng trung trc ca AB. Tm qu tch ca ng thng d khi B thay i.
Trang 20
3.3. Bi Tp p Dng
Bi tp 1: Hy dng cc cng c dng hnh c bn dng cc hnh sau y:
- Dng trng tm G ca tam gic ABC cho trc.
- Dng trc tm H ca tam gic ABC cho trc.
- Dng ng trn (I) ni tip tam gic ABC cho trc.

- Dng ng trn (O) ngoi tip tam gc ABC cho trc.
- Dng tam gic cn ABC.

- Dng tam gic u ABC.
- Dng hnh bnh hnh ABCD.

- Dng hnh vung ABCD.
Trang 21
Trong cc hnh trn, nhng ng khng lin nt l nhng ng trnh by li cch dng. Sau khi dng
xong, cc bn c th cho cc i tng khng cn thit n i, cn li hnh chnh, hnh m ta cn dng. (chn
i tng > Click chut phi > n)
Bi tp 2: Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn (O), M l im di ng trn cnh BC.
a) Dng (O1) i qua M v tip xc vi AB ti B.
b) Dng (O2) i qua M v tip xc vi AC ti C.
Xin lu thm l t cc nhn c ch s di v d nh A1, B1, O1... th khi t tn nhn bn hy thm

A[1], B[1], O[1]....
Bi tp 3 : Trong mt tam gic th 3 trung im ca cc cnh ca mt tam gic, 3 chn ng cao v 3 trung
im ca cc on thng ni trc tm vi cc nh ca tam gic th cng nm trn mt ng trn. Ngi ta gi
ng trn l ng trn Euler.
Hy dng ng trn Euler.
Trang 22
Bi tp 4 : Cho ung trn tm O ng knh AB. C l mt im thay i trn ng trn O. Gi m l ng

phn gic ca gc BCA v D l giao im ca (O) v m. Gi M l trung im ca CD. Hy v qu tch ca M
khi C thay i.
Bi tp 5 Cho AB l on thng c nh. Ax, By l hai tia song song vi nhau v nm cng b so vi ng
thng AB. Gi Am v An ln lt l hai ng phn gic ca cc gc xAB v ABy. Hy v qu tch giao im
ca hai ng phn gic .
Bi 6 : Cnh ca mt hnh thoi ABCD c chiu di khng i, v tr ca AB c nh, O l trung im ca AB,
CO v BD ct nhau ti P. V qu tch ca im P khi gc ca hnh thoi thay i.
Trang 23
CHNG 4. PHP BIN HNH

4.1. Cc Cng C Bin Hnh C Bn
4.1.1. Php tnh tin
Chng ta bit rng xc nh c mt php tnh tin chng ta cn c mt Vector. GSP cng vy,
xc nh php tnh tin bn cng cn c mt Vector. Vector ny c th l do bn chn t mt vector no
trong mt phng. Trong trng hp bn cha chn vector no lm phng v chiu tnh tin th GSP a ra
mc nh l tnh tin i tng theo cc vector cho bi ta t mt hp thoi ty chn do bn nhp thng s.
Hai h trc ta m GSP h tr l Ta cc v Ta ch nht.
V d: Ti cn tnh tin ng trn (O).
Bc 1: chn ng trn (O).
Bc 2: dng lnh Bin hnh > Php tnh tin
Khi mt hp thoi s hin ln cho bn chn thng s.
Tnh tin theo vector chn trc

Bn cng c th chn mt vector bt k t mt phng lm vector tnh tin. lm iu ny bn tin hnh
theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:chn im gc vector v sau chn im cui ca vector tnh tin.
Bc 2: dng lnh Bin hnh > nh du vector nh du vector ny.
Buc 3: chn i tng mun tnh tin v dng lnh Bin hnh > Php tnh tin
4.1.2. Php quay

Ta bit rng xc nh mt php quay chng ta cn c tm quay v gc quay. Trong GSP cng vy. quay
mt i tng hnh hc, chng ta cng phi cn chn mt im lm tm quay v mt gc quay. Gc quay ny
chng ta c th nh du t mt gc no c trong mt phng hoc chng ta c th chn theo thng s
nhp vo t mt hp thoi.
C th ta c 2 cch sau:
Cch 1:
Bc 1: nh du tm quay.(Bng cch chn mt im mun lm tm quay ri dng lnh Bin hnh > nh
du tm quay, v t hoc n p vo tm quay)
Bc 2: chn i tng cn quay ri dng lnh Bin hnh > Php quay. Khi mt hp thoi xut hin, cho
php bn chn gc quay. (chiu gc quay tnh theo chiu ngc kim ng h-chiu dng)
Trang 24
By gi gi s rng trong mt phng ta c mt gc XBY no v mt ng trn (O). Ta cn thc hin

php quay tm A v gc quay l XBY cho ng trng tm O.
Cch 2:
Bc 1: chn tm quay. (chn A, ri dng lnh Bin hnh > nh du tm quay, v t)
Bc 2: chn X ri chn B ri chn Y ri dng lnh Bin hnh > nh du gc
Bc 3: chn ng trn v dng lnh Bin hnh > Php quay
4.1.3. Php v t
Mt php v t s hon ton xc nh nu bit tm v t v t s v t. Trong GSP cng vy, bn cng cn phi
bit tm v t v t s v t. Trong , t s v t c th l t s do bn nhp vo mt hp thoi hoc bn nh
du t mt t s gia hai an thng no trong mt phng.
T s v t uc nhp t hp thoi.
Bc 1: nh du tm quay. (chn im mun lm tm quay, ri dng lnh Bin hnh > nh du tm quay, v
t hoc n p vo tm v t)
Bc 2: chn i tng mun v t ri dng lnh Bin hnh > Php v t. Khi mt hp thoi s xut hin
nh sau:
Trang 25
By gi gi s rng ta mun cn v t ng trn (O) theo php v t tm I v t s l AC/AB.

Bc 1: nh du I lm tm quay.
Bc 2: nh du t s AC/AB bng cch chn im A ri chn im B ri chn im C v dng lnh
Bin hnh > nh du t s
Bc 3: chn ng trn v dng lnh Bin hnh > Php v t
nh du t s theo on thng rt c li khi bn mun thay i t s v t. V nh trong trng hp trn, bn

ch cn di chuyn im B l php v t s thay i theo.
4.1.4. Php i xng trc

Trong GSP mt php i xng trc s c xc nh nu c mt ng thng hoc mt on thng lm trc i
xng.
thc hin php i xng trc trong GSP chng ta lm:
Bc 1: chn ng thng hay on thng mun lm trc i xng ri dng lnh Bin hnh > nh du trc
i xng hoc n p vo ng thng hay on thng.
Bc 2: chn i tng mun cho i xng ri dng lnh Bin hnh > Php i xng trc
Hnh sau y cho thy nh ca mt ng trn qua trc i xng l mt ng thng v mt on thng.
O1
O2
ch : trong GSP khng c php i xng tm. Nhng chng ta bit rng php i xng tm ch l trng
hp c bit ca php quay khi m gc quay bng 180. V vy, nu cn thc hin php i xng tm, th
chng ta dng php quay v gc quay bng 180.
Trang 26
4.2. Bi Tp p Dng
Bi 1: Cho ng trn (O) vi ng knh AB c nh, mt ng knh MN thay i. Cc ng thng AM v
AN ct cc tip tuyn ti B ln lt ti P v Q. V qu tch trc tm cc tam gic MPQ v NPQ.
(Hnh bn cho thy qu tch trc tm H ca tam gic MPQ khi M di chuyn trn (O)).
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC vi I l tm ng trn ni tip v P l mt im nm trong tam gic. Gi A, B, C

l cc im i xng vi P ln lt qua cc ng thng AI, BI, CI. Hy xc nh giao im ca cc ng
thng AA, BB, CC v drag im P trong tam gic ABC. C thm kt lun g v giao im ca 3 ng thng
trn?
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC. Gi A, B, C ln lt l tm cc ng trn bng tip trong gc A, gc B, v gc
C. Hy xc nh giao im ca cc ng thng ia qua A vung gc vi BC, i qua B vung gc vi AC, i
qua C vung gc vi AB. Xt xem chng c ng quy khng?
Bi 4: Cho ng trn (O) v mt im I khng nm trn ng trn. Vi mi im A thay i trn ng
trn, ta xt hnh vung ABCD c tm l I. Tm qu tch ca cc im B, C, D.
Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A v ng cao AD. Gi V l php v t tm D t s k=DA/DB v Q l
php quay tm D gc quay l gc (DB,DA), F l php hp thnh ca V v Q. Hi php F bin tam gic ABD
thnh tam gic no.
A
I
C
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CHNG 5. O C V TNH TON

5.1. Cc Cng C o c C Bn
5.1.1. Tnh chiu di v khong cch
Tnh chiu di (Lenght)
Cng c ny cho php chng ta o di ca mt on thng.
Bc 1: chn on thng cn o di.
Bc 2: dng lnh Php o > di
Tnh khong cch (Distance)

Bc 1: chn im th nht ri chn im th hai.
Bc 2: dng lnh Php o > Khong cch
5.1.2. Tnh chu vi

Chu vi a gic (Perimeter)
Bc 1: chn min trong ca a gic
Bc 2: chn min trong ca a gic ri dng lnh Php o > Chu vi
Chu vi ng trn (Circumference)
Chn ng trn ri dng lnh Php o > Chu vi ng trn
5.1.3. Tnh gc v din tch

Tnh gc(Angle)
Chn gc cn o ri dng ln Php o > Gc
Trang 28
Tnh din tch(Area)

Ta cn chn min trong ca a gic cn o din tch ri dng lnh Php o > Din tch. Ring i vi ng
trn, chng ta c th khng cn chn min trong m ch ch cn chn ng trn v dng lnh l .
5.1.4. Tnh s o cung v di cung

Tnh s o ca mt cung : chn cung ri chn lnh Php o > Gc ca cung hoc Php o > di cung
5.1.5. Tnh bn v t s
Bn knh(Radius)
Lnh ny php tnh di bn knh ca mt ng trn hay cung trn.
Bc 1: Chn ng trn hay cung trn cn tnh bn knh.
Bc 2: Dng lnh Php o > Bn knh
Tnh t s gia 2 on thng (Ratio)

Gi s c 2 on thng AB v CA, chng ta cn tnh t s AB/AC
Bc 1: Chn on thng AB ri chn on thng AC.
Bc 2: Dng lnh Php o > T s
5.1.6. My tnh (Calculator)

Trong GSP s dng lnh S > My tnh (Alt+=) mt chic my tnh nh xut hin cho php bn tnh ton, to
ra cc hm s, to ra cc tham s mi hay n gin l s dng li cc hm dng sn nh sin(), cos()
Trang 29
Nt gi tr: gm gi tr ca cc hng nh s e, pi hay s o ca mt i tng no Bn cng c th to ra

tham s mi y
Nt Hm s : bao gm cc hm lng gic sin(), cos(), tan(), arcsin(), acrcos(), arctan(), hm tnh gi tr tuyt
i (abs()), hm tnh cn bc 2(sqrt()), hm tnh lgagit N-pe(ln()), hm lgarit thp phn(log()), hm lm
trn(round()), hm ly phn nguyn(trunc()), hm ly du(sgn()).
Nt n v : nh Pixels(im nh), centime(cm), inches, radians(ra-di-an), degrees().
5.1.7. Ta
tnh ta ca mt im hay nhiu im trong h ta ta thc hin
Bc 1: chn mt im hay nhiu im cn tnh ta .
Bc 2: dng lnh Php o > Ta
Khi tnh ta ca im trong h ta , nu bn khng ch ra h ta no cn tnh th mc nh GSP tnh
theo (x,y) theo ta -Cc. Bn c th chn ta cc, hay ta hnh ch nht.
Tnh honh ca im (x)
Chn im cn tnh ri dng lnh Php o > Honh (x)
Tnh tung ca im (y)
Chn im cn tnh tung ri dng lnh Php o > Tung (y)
Tnh khong cch theo ta Coordinate Distance
Chn 2 im cn tnh khong cch ri dng lnh Php o > Khong cch theo ta
5.1.8. H s gc v phng trnh

Trong GSP bn c th tnh c h s gc ca mt ng thng, on thng, tia. Bn cng c th tnh c
phng trnh ca mt s i tng khi c i tng trn mt phng chng hn nh phng trnh ng
thng khi c ng thng cho trc, phng trnh ng trn khi c ng trn cho trc.
Tnh h s gc (Slope)
Bc 1: chn i tng cn tnh h s gc.
Bc 2: dng lnh Php o > H s gc
Xem phng trnh ca i tng (Equation)
Bc 1: chn i tng cn xem phng trnh.
Bc 2: dng lnh Php o > Phng trnh ng chn
Ch : Khi bn chn i tng no trong mt phng ri bn vo Menu Php o, nu lnh no c t en,
th c ngha rng lnh hiu lc i vi i tng bn ang chn. Cn ngc li th i tng khng c
h tr nhng lnh b t m.
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5.2. Bi Tp p Dng
Bi 1: Dng GSP thc hin cc yu cu sau:
1. V 2 im trn mt phng ri tnh khong cch gia chng.
2. V on thng ri tnh di on thng .
3. V ng thng, ng trn ri xem phng trnh ca n.
4. V on thng, ng thng ri tnh h s gc.
5. V tam gic, t gic ri tnh chu vi, din tch.
6. V ng trn, cung trn ri tnh chu vi, din tch.
7. V tam gic v tnh s o ca 3 gc.
8. V cung trn ri tnh bn knh, di cung, s o cung.
9. V 2 on thng ri tnh t s gia chng.
10. V 2 im tron mt phng ri tnh ta ca chng trong h ta .
Bi 2: Cho ng trn (O,R) v mt im M thay i nm trn ng trn. Mt im A nm bn trong ng
trn nhng khng trng vi tm O. Gi P l giao im ca ng trung trc ca on MA v on thng MO.
1. Khi M thay i trn (O,R) hy tm qu tch ca im P.
2. Tnh tng khong t P n A v t P n O. C nhn xt g v tng ?
3. Hy gii li bi ton trong trng hp A l mt im bt k v P l giao im ca ng thng MO vi
ng trung trc ca on MA.
Bi 3: V ng thng a v b.
1. Xem phng trnh ca ng thng a, b.
2. Hy xem phng trnh ca a l nh ca a qua php i xng trc b.
3. Hy xem phng trnh ca a l nh ca a qua php i xng trc b v php quay tm O gc 60 .
4. Tnh h s gc ca cc ng thng trn.
Bi 4: Cho Elip (E) vi 2 tiu im F1 v F2 v M l mt im thay i nm trn (E).
1. Khi M thay i hy tnh chu vi v din tch ca tam gic M F1 F2.
2. Cho 2 im P v Q cng thuc (E). Tnh din tch tam gic F1PQ ri sau cho P v Q cng chuyn
ng.
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CHNG 6. TH V H TA
6.1. Th (Graphic)
ha l mt trong nhng th mnh ca my tnh m khi s dng cc cng c khc c th bn s
khng gii quyt c vn . Vi GSP bn c th to ra h trc ta chun do GSP nh ngha trc,
hoc bn c th t nh ngha h trc to theo c nhn bn v nh du n. Bn cng c th v th
ca cc hm s phc tp hoc ch n gin l xc nh ta ca mt im no . Bn cng c th to
ra cc bng gi tr, thy c s lin h gia hm s v cc bin
6.1.1. Xc nh h trc ta cho h thng

Nu nh GSP hin th ch Xc nh h ta trong Menu th th khi nu bn chn lnh ny th GSP s
hin th mt h ta mc nh cho bn.
Nhng nu bn chn mt hay mt s i tng no xy dng h trc ta th lnh trn c GSP thay
th thnh mt trong cc lnh sau:
Xc nh gc: Lnh ny hin th khi bn chn mt im no trn mt phng v bn mun im lm
gc cho h ta bn khi to. Khi thc hin lnh ny th > Xc nh gc th GSP s khi to h ta
vung gc c im gc l im do bn chn trc , n v o mc nh l 1 cm.
Xc nh ng trn n v: Nu nh bn khi to mt ng trn no vi tm v bn knh xc nh trn
mt phng. Sau , bn mun khi to mt h ta vi gc ta l tm ng trn v n v l bn knh ca
ng trn (hay cn gi l ng trn n v) th lnh ny s gip bn. lm iu ny trc tin bn chn
ng trn, ri sau s dng lnh th > Xc nh ng trn n v.
Xc nh khong cch n v : Gi s rng trn mt phng bn v 2 im l A v B (on thng AB). Sau
bn cng tnh khong cch gia chng ri. By gi, bn mun dng h trc ta vi n v l khong cch
gia 2 im (bng di on thng AB) th lnh ny s gip bn. Nu bn chn mt trong 2 im A hoc B
lm gc ta th khi khi to h ta mi, im A hoc B tng ng s l gc ta cn ngc li th gc
ta l do GSP mc nh. lm iu ny, trc tin bn phi chn mt khong cch gia 2 im no
(on thng no ) ri dng lnh th > Xc nh khong cch n v
Xc nh khong cch n v : cc lnh trn bn thy rng chng ta hon ton c th to ra mt h ta
Descartes vung gc vi n v do bn nh trc. By gi nu bn mun khi to h ta ch nht, vi n
v trn trc honh v tung do bn chn trc th lnh ny s gip bn. lm iu ny bn hy chn mt di
a no lm n v cho trc honh, chn tip di b no lm n v cho trc tung. Sau thc hin lnh
th > Xc nh khong cch n v th mt h ta ch nht mi s khi to c n v trc honh l a v
tung l b.
6.1.2. nh du h trc ta cho h thng

Chng ta bit rng c th khi to nhiu h trc ta khc nhau trong mt mt phng. Trong GSP
cng vy, trn mt mt phng bn hon ton c th khi to nhiu h trc ta khc nhau. Nhng bn
hy nh rng ti mi thi im ch c duy nht mt h trc ta c chn lm h trc ta chnh. C
ngha rng cng l cc h trc ta , nhng cc i tng ca h kia s phi biu th thng qua h ny
mi cho n khi bn nh du mt h ta khc lm h trc cho h thng. lm iu ny bn thc
hin nh sau: chn honh hoc tung ca h trc m bn mun nh du; sau dng lnh th >
nh du h ta . thay i h trc ta h thng bn lm li cc thao tc trn.
C mt ch nh l nu nh bn tnh ta ca cc im v cc Tn ca n ang hin th
trn mn hnh, th khi bn thay i h ta chng s cha c cp nht, v th mun cho chng hin
th ng bn phi tnh li.
6.1.3. Cc li ta hin th
GSP cung cp cho chng ta 3 dng li ta tiu biu sau:
Li h ta cc :. Khi chn lnh ny th > Kiu li > Li ta cc th cc i tng s c tnh ta
theo h ta cc v li hin th cng hin th theo ta cc.
Trang 32
Li vung: Li ta vung (h ta Descartes). Khi chn lnh th > Kiu li > Li vung th cc
i tng c tnh v hin th theo ta Descartes.
Li ch nht: Li ta ch nht (h ta ch nht). th > Kiu li > Li ch nht
6.1.4. n hoc hin h ta v xc nh im c ta nguyn

Khi lm vic vi cc i tng trong mt phng ca GSP i lc nu h trc ta hin th cng cm thy
phin. Nu bn mun n chng i th cc lnh sau s gip bn.
Hin li: lnh ny cho php bn n hoc hin h trc ta no do bn chn trc nu cha c h no
c chn th GSP s hin th hoc n h mc nh. thc hin lnh ny trc tin bn hy chn h trc ta
m bn mun n/hin sau bn dng lnh th > Hin li hoc th > n li . Nu nh ang
Menu th v bn n Shift th lnh ny s tr thnh Hin h ta hoc n h ta
Tch im: im c ta nguyn, nu nh lnh ny c chn ( th > Tch im) th cc im trn h ta
ch hin th ti cc im c gi tr nguyn. Nu chn ri, bn chn tip ln na hy lnh ny.
6.1.5. Dng im khi bit ta ca n

Lnh ny cho php bn dng mi mt im khi bn c ta ca n trong mt phng. Nu l ta
Descartes hay h ta hnh ch nht th l cp (x,y) tng ng vi honh v tung . Nu l h ta cc
th s tng ng vi cp (r, ) . Khi thc thi lnh ny th > V im th mt hp thoi s xut hin:
6.1.6. To ra tham s mi
Bn dng lnh th > Tham s mi to ra mt tham s mi trong bn v. Mt tham s l mt s c th d
dng thay i gi tr. Rt thun tin cho bn khi bn mun to ra mt s nhng gi tr ca n c th thay i.
Tham s c th c s dng trong vic tnh ton, trong cc hm s, trong cc php bin hnh. Cho v d l
v th ca hm s y=ax+b mt cch tng qut trn mt phng th bn phi to ra 2 tham s l a v b c th
thay i gi tr trong khong cho trc no . Hoc c th to ra mt tham s nhn gi tr t 0 n 360 cho
mt php quay no .
Khi bn chn lnh Tham s mi trong Menu S th mt hp thoi s xut hin:
Khi khi to c mt tham s v cho n nhn gi tr ban u ri. Nu bn mun gi tr ca tham s thay
i th bn c th lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Dng cng c chn , Click p vo tham s, khi mt hp thoi s xut hin v cho php bn iu chnh
thng s.
2. Chn tham s ri dng lnh Hin th > Tn tham s cho gi tr tham s thay i.
3. Chn tham s ri dng lnh Hiu chnh > Nt hnh ng > Chuyn ng to mt button m khi click vo
th gi tr ca tham s s thay i theo.
Trang 33
6.1.7. To ra mt hm s mi
Trong GSP bn c th s dng lnh S > Hm s mi to ra mt hm s mi. Khi thc hin lnh ny th
chic my tnh con s xut hin.
Vi chic my tnh con(Calculate) ca GSP bn c th to hoc bin tp: tnh ton; hm s. y xin gii
thiu cch to ra mt hm s t Calculate ny.
Gi tr: ti y bn c th ly cc gi tr hng s nh e, pi hay t cc tham s, di on thng, s o gc no
do bn chn trc.
Hm s: ti y bn c th s dng cc hm s c bn c sn trong GSP nh ngha hm s ca bn.
n v: ti y bn c th chn n v cho bin ca hm s.
Phng trnh ng: ti y bn c th chn loi hm s no m bn cn to ra. C cc loi sau:
* y = f(x); x = f(y); r = f(); = f(r )
Sau khi chn xong cc thng s th n ng . Nu mun thay i hay sa li hm s th n p vo hm .
6.1.8. V th hm s
V th ca mt hm s bt k l cng vic khng d cht no i vi nhng ngi hc ton nu khng ni l
khng th lm c bng thc v compa. Tuy nhin gi y, nu s dng GSP bn s cm thy nh nhn hn.
Nu bn to ra mt hm s ri v by gi bn mun v th ca hm s th bn c th: Click chut phi
vo hm s v chn V th . Hoc chn hm s cn v th ri thc hin lnh th > V th
Trang 34
Cn nu nh bn cha c mt hm s no trc hay mun v th ca mt hm s mi th bn thc hin

lnh th > V th mi. Khi chic my tnh con s xut hin cho bn nhp cc thng s cho mt hm
s.
i khi hm s ny khng nm ht trong bn v, v gi tr ca x hoc y chy trong khong kh rng. gii
hn li gi tr ca x , bn hy Click chut phi vo th v chn thuc tnh khi mt hp thoi xut hin cho
php iu chnh gi tr ca x. Hoc bn cng c th iu chnh n v di ca h trc ta .
6.1.9. o hm v tip tuyn ng cong

o hm
GSP cho php bn tnh o hm ca mt hm s mt cch tng qut (o hm tr). tnh o hm th trc
bn phi chn mt hm s. Bn cng c th tnh o hm cp 2, cp 3 ca mt hm bng cch chn o hm
va tnh c v thc hin tnh o hm ln 2, 3 Khi thc hin tnh o hm xong, bn c th v th ca
o hm va tnh ln mt phng.
tch o hm bn lm nh sau: chn hm s ri sau hoc Click chut phi > o hm ca hm s hoc
S > o hm ca hm s .
Hnh sau y cho thy o hm cp 2 ca hm s mc trn v th ca chng.
Tip tuyn ng cong

By gi chng ta p dng o hm vo v tip tuyn ca mt ng cong no . Chng ta bit rng o hm
ca ca hm s ti mt im no thuc hm s chnh l h s gc ca tip tuyn ti im . p dng u
ny v dng GSP chng ta c th d dng v tip tuyn ca mt ng cong.
V d : V tip tuyn ca th hm s y = x 5x 3x + 3
1. V th ca hm s y = x 5x 3x + 3 bng cch thc hin lnh th > V th mi
2. Chn hm s v tnh o hm ca hm s trn bng lnh S > o hm ca hm s.
Trang 35
3. Dng mt im A no bt k trn th bng cch dng cng c im click vo th. Dng cng
c chn chn im A va xc nh v thc hin lnh Php o > Honh (x), Php o > Tung (y)
4. Tnh f (xA) : Chn gi tr xA , chn hm s f (x) trn bng v v thc hin lnh S > My tnh khi
my tnh con xut hin. Ti mc Hm s ca my tnh con hy chn f (x) v k ti mc Gi tr ca
my tnh con hy chn xA ri click Ok.
5. V tip tuyn ca f(x) ti im A bng cch chn xA, yA, f (xA) ri thc hin lnh th > V th
mi ri nhp hm s f (xA)*(x-xA)+yA vo my tnh con.
Sau khi v xong tip tuyn, bn hy di chuyn im A di chuyn trn th f(x), khi tip tuyn cng thay
i theo. V hnh sau y l kt qu:
6.1.10. Lp bng gi tr tng ng

C l nu ai tng cm mt t giy v mt cy vit v ang chm ch theo di v ghi chp thng s ca
mt i lng thay i no , mt i lng ang ph thuc i lng thay i ti mi gi tr ca n. Khi
bn s cm thy s nng nhc ca cng vic. Nhng gi y nh GSP bn c th lm iu mt cch d dng
vi chc nng to bng gi tr tng ng ca GSP. to mt bng gi tr bng hy chn i tng mun to
bng gi tr tng ng v thc hin lnh S > Lp bng. hiu r hn chc nng ny ta cng i xt mt s v
d sau:
V d 1: Chng ta bit rng hng s =
C
, trong C l chu vi ca ng trn v R l bn knh.
2R
By gi chng ta s lp bng th hin gi tr chu vi ca ng trn, bn knh v t s ca chng khi ng trn

thay i bn knh.
Trc tin hy v ng trn (O,OA). Chn ng trn ri tnh bn knh bng lnh Php o > Bn knh, tnh
chu vi bng lnh Php o > Chu ci ng trn. Chn gi tr bn knh, chu vi va tnh (xut hin trn bng v)
ri tnh t s
C
bng lnh S > My tnh. By gi bn hy cho ng trn (O,OA) thay i bng cch di
2R
chuyn im A hoc im O. Khi bn thy R, C u thay i nhng t s th vn l hng. thy r hn

chng ta i lp bng gi tr tng ng cho tng i lng bng cch: chn gi tr bn knh trn bng v v thc
hin lnh S > Lp bng. Tng t cho chu vi v t s C/2R.
Trang 36
By gi bn s c 3 bng mi bng u c 2 dng v dng u tin mi bng th hin tn ca i tng v

dng th 2 th hin gi tr ca i tng . Gi chng ta thm d liu cho cc bng bng cch chn bng ri
hoc Click chut phi > Thm bng d liu hoc S > Thm bng d liu. Lm cng vic ny cho ba bng trn.
Ch rng khi thc hin lnh mt hp thoi s xut hin.
Cng vic cn li by gi l hy kch hot cho im A chuyn ng thay i cc gi tr ca ng trn

(O,OA) v quan st cc bng. Chng ta s thy c rng GSP s thm 10 dng vo mi bng.
C th chng ta c hnh sau y:
Nhn vo bng trn ta thy khi R v C u thay i nhng t s vn l 3.14.

Ch : bn c th thm dng d liu vo bng th bn cng c th loi dng d liu hin c ra khi bng.
loi mt dng d liu ra khi bng, bn hy chn bng ri hoc Click chut phi > Xa bng d liu hoc S >
Xa bng d liu. Bn cng c th n p vo bng thm dng d liu mi v Shitf+Double-Click loi
dng d liu.
6.2. Cc H Trc Ta
GSP h tr hin th v v th theo 3 h ta l: H ta cc (Polar Grid); h ta Descartes (Square
Grid); h ta ch nht (Rectangular Grid)
6.2.1. H ta cc
mt phng lm vic ca GSP hin th li ta cc v cc i tng trn cng c tnh theo ta
cc bn lm nh sau:
Hoc l Click chut phi > Li ta cc hoc l th > Kiu li > Li ta cc.
Khi thc hin lnh trn th mt phng s hin th li ta cc v cc i tng cng c GSP tnh theo ta
dng (r,) .
V d: V th ca ng trn c phng trnh l 4 sin() .
Trang 37
6.2.2. Ta Descartes v ta ch nht.

chn ta Descartes thc hin: hoc l Click chut phi > Li vung hoc l th > Kiu li > Li
vung.
hin th theo h ta ch nht ta thc hin: hoc l Click chut phi > Li ch nht hoc l th >
Kiu li > Li ch nht
Khi lm vic vi 2 h ta trn cc i tng c tnh ta theo dng (x,y) trong x l honh , y l
tung .
Theo mc nh th GSP chn h ta Descartes vi chiu di n v l 1cm.
Nu thay i di ca n v th di chuyn im n v ( im trn trc honh v gn gc ta nht)
6.3. V Th Hm S Cho Bi Phng Trnh C Cha Tham S

6.3.1. ng thng
x = x 0 + at
vi t l tham s
y = y0 + bt
ng thng cho bi phng trnh tham s: (d) :
Trong (x0;y0) l ta im trn (d), (a;b) l ta vector ch phng ca (d)

Bc 1: Xc nh mt h trc ta . (C th chn h ta c sn bng lnh Click chut phi > Li vung)
Bc 2: Xc nh tham s a v b bng lnh S > Tham s mi
Bc 3: Chn im A, tnh gi tr honh ca A bng lnh Php o > Honh (x) v tnh gi tr tung ca
A bng lnh Php o > Tung (y)
Bc 4: Chn gi tr xA v a , thc hin lnh: S > Hm s mi. Bn nhp hm s f(x) = xA + ax
Trang 38
Bc 5: Chn gi tr yA v b , thc hin lnh: S > Hm s mi. Bn nhp hm s g(x) = yA + bx

Bc 6: Chn hm s f(x) = xA + ax v g(x) = yA + bx , thc hin lnh th > V ng cong tham s
Thc hin 6 bc trn bn s c c th ca ng thng trn trn mt phng.
Trang 39
6.3.2. ng trn:
x = a + R cos t
vi R l bn knh v (a,b) l ta ca tm.
y = b + R sin t
ng trn cho bi phng trnh tham s (C):
6.3.3. ng Elip
x = x 0 + a cos t
vi (x0;) l tm elip v 2a, 2b ln lt l di trc ln v trc
y = y0 + bsin t
ng elip cho bi phng trnh

b.
Trang 40
6.4. Bi Tp p Dng
Bi 1: Hy v th trong h ta cc ca cc ng cong c phng trnh sau:
a. ng cong r = sin(3).
b. ng xon c Archimede r = .
c. ng cong c cho bi phng trnh r = 1 cos
d. ng xon c logarit cho b phng trnh r = a.eb
Bi 2: V th ca hm s y = sin x + cos2x . Mt im A di ng trn th , hy v tip tuyn ti A.
Bi 3: V th ca ng Hypebol (H):
x2
a
y2
b
= 1 trong a, b l s cho trc v Parabol (P): y = 2px

2
trong p l mt s cho trc

Bi 4: V th ca cc ng cong c cho bi phng trnh sau:
x = a(t sin t)
y = a(t cos t)
a. ng Cycloid
3
x = a.cos t
b. ng Astroid
3
y = a sin t
3at
x =
1 + t3
c. L Descartes
2
y = 3at
1 + t3
Trang 41
CHNG 7. CNG C NGI DNG V HNH HC FRACTAL

7.1. Cng C Ty Bin
Khi lm vic vi GSP i lc chng ta cm thy bt tin v c nhng cng vic chng ta phi lm i lm li kh
nhiu ln. V d v mt tam gic, mt t gic hay mt lc gic iu ny l do GSP ch cung cp nhng cng
c c bn nh im, thc k, compass. T nhng cng c ny chng ta c th dng nn nhng i tng hnh
hc khc. Tuy nhin c mt iu rt hay, l GSP cho php ngi s dng to ra nhng cng c ring cho
mnh l Cng c ty bin
V d 1: Dng tam gic.
Bc 1: dng 3 im bt k, dng 3 on thng qua 3 im c mt tam gic.
Bc 2: chn tam gic va mi dng ri click v gi chut ln nt Cng c ty bin v chn To cng c mi
Bc 3: t tn cho Tn cng c ti hp thoi Cng c mi l Tam giac ri Click OK.
dng mt tam gic ngoi cch dng truyn thng ra bn cn mt cch nhanh hn l Click v gi chut ti
nt Cng c ty bin v chn Tam giac.
Sau khi chn cng c Tam giac m bn va to, bn ch cn Click ti 3 im trn mt phng l bn dng
c mt tam gic.
Thc cht ca vic lm trn l bn bt GSP ghi nh li cch dng mt tam gic, v sau mun dng li
mt tam gic bn ch cn gi lnh m bn va cho GSP nh.
thy r hn bn hy chn cng c Tam giac ri chn lnh Hin kch bn Menu ca Cng c ty bin bn
s thy cc bc dng nn tam gic.
V d 2: dng mt lc gic u.
Bc 1: V on thng AB bt k
Trang 42
Bc 2: Chn A lm tm v thc hin php quay 120 i vi B thu c C.

Bc 3: Chn C lm tm v thc hin php quay 120 i vi A thu c D.
Bc 4: Chn D lm tm v thc hin php quay 120 i vi C thu c E.
Bc 5: Chn E lm tm v thc hin php quay 120 i vi D thu c F.
Bc 6: Ni cc im Khi chng ta s thu c mt lc gic u.
Bc 7: Chn lc gic u va mi dng ri chn nt Cng c ty bin v chn To cng c mi, t tn cho
Tn cng c ti hp thoi Cng c mi l Luc gia deu ri Click OK
Nu chu b ra t thi gian, ngi dng nhng hnh cn thit ri thm n vo thanh cng c ty bin th sau mt
thi gian, bn s cm thy thoi mi hn khi s dng GSP.
7.2. Hnh Hc Fractal

Hnh hc Fractal l hnh hc nghin cu v cc hnh t ng dng. Mt hnh c gi l t ng dng nu nh
mi mu nh ca n u cha mt b phn ng dng vi hnh , tc l khi phng to mt b phn no ca
hnh theo mt t l thch hp ta s thu c mt hnh c th t chng kht ln hnh cho.
Mi hnh t ng dng th c gi l mt Fractal, cc fractal lun lun l mt tc phm p i vi nhng
ngi hc ton v to ra n cng l mt th thch c v s hiu bit v tnh nhn ni v n tn kh nhiu thi
gian cho vic tnh ton, o c v v hnh Nhng gi y vi lnh Bin hnh > Php lp ca GSP th bn c
th to ra mt fractal mt cch d dng v nhanh chng hn bao gi ht min l bn bit lm cch no to ra
fractal .
By gi hiu r hn v chc nng ny ca GSP chng ta hy i to ra mt vi Fractal no .
7.2.1. Thm Sierpinski

Bc 1: V tam gic ABC v dng 3 ng trung bnh ca chng:
Bc 2: Chn 3 im A, B, C v thc hin lnh Bin hnh > Php lp khi mt hp thoi s xut hin nh
hnh sau:
Bc 3: Cho im A bin thnh B (AD) bng cch Click vo im D (lu l im A phi ang c chn,
nu im A khng c chn, khi bn click vo im D th im no bin thnh D ch khng phi A bin
thnh D. Trong hnh trn im A ang c chn), B bin thnh chnh n (BB), C bin thnh E (CE)
Bc 4: Nhn Ctrl+A hoc chn lnh Thm nh x mi t Cu trc to ra s bin i mi v cho AF,
BE, CC.
Bc 5: Tip tc nhn Ctrl+A v cho AA, BD, CF. Khi ta c nh hnh sau:
Trang 43
Bc 6: Click vo nt ng s thu c thm Sierpinski cho tam gic nh sau:
By gi bn hy chn dng chut qut chn thm bn va to v sau nhn phm + hai ln bn s thu c
chic thm nh hnh k bn.
hnh th nht, trong hp thoi Interate bn chn Number of interations: l 3. hnh th 2 do bn chn
hnh u tin v nhn phm + hai ln nn s ln lp l 5. Nu mun gim s ln lp bn hy nhn phm
7.2.2. ng Von Koch

Bc 1: V on thng AB.
Bc 2: Dng B l nh ca B qua php v t tm A t s 2/3 v A l nh ca A qua php v t tm
B t s 2/3
Bc 3: Dng B l nh ca B qua php quay tm A v gc quay l 60 .
Bc 4: Dng cc on thng AA, AB, BB, BB v du i on AB.
Bc 5: Chn A chn B v thc hin lnh Bin hnh > Php lp
Cho AA, BA
Ctrl+A: AA,BB
Ctrl+A: AB, BB
Ctrl+A: AB, BB
Bc 6: Hin th > Ch lp ln cui
Bc 7: Du i cc on thng AA, AB, BB, BB ta s thu c ng Von Koch nh sau:
Trang 44
7.2.3. Cy Pitago
Bc 1: Dng on thng CD.
Bc 2: Dng hnh vung ABCD nhn CD l mt cnh.
Bc 3: Dng M l trung im ca AB.
Bc 4: Thc hin php quay tm M mt gc ty chn trong khong 0 n 180 i vi im B thu c im
C.
Bc 5: Dng tam gic ABC.
Bc 6: Dng hnh vung cnh AC, CB hng ra min ngoi tam gic.
Bc 7: Chn D chn C v thc hin lnh Bin hnh > Php lp
Cho DA, CC; Ctrl+A: DC, CB.
Thc hin theo cc bc trn chng ta s thu c mt Fractal v n c gi l cy Pitago.
Mt s lu khi s dng php lp trong Menu Bin hnh

Php lp ch c hiu lc khi bn chn cc i tng thc hin php lp l cc i tng t do. V trn cc
i tng t do bn phi to ra mt vi i tng khc, nhng i tng ny c quan h con-cha vi cc i
tng t do trc . Hay ni mt cch khc l bn phi thc hin mt vi php bin hnh t i tng t do
ban u.
Trang 45
Ti hp thoi Php lp
Pre-Image: y l cc im to nh ca php lp. T cc im to nh-im ban u bn cho php n bin
thnh cc im mi.
First Images: y l cc im nh ca cc im bn nhm to nh.
Mc du s dng php lp khng kh, nhng nu mi ln u bn s dng s thy nhiu ch bi ri. V th

hiu r n khng cn cch no khc l bn i thc hnh vi n.
Trang 46
CHNG 8. DNG CC NG CONIC

8.1. Parabol
8.1.1. Parabol Cho Bi ng Chun V Tiu im.
dng Parabol khi bit tiu im v ng chun chng ta lm nh sau:
1. Dng ng thng d lm ng chun ca Parabol
2. Dng tiu im F (tt nhin l nm ngoi ng chun).
3. Dng mt im D trn ng thng d.
4. Dng ng trung trc ca on FD.
5. Dng ng vung gc vi d ti D.
6. Dng M l giao im ca 2 ng thng va to trn.
7. Chn im D ri tip tc chn M v thc hin lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch.
8. n i tt c cc i tng ngoi tr ng chun, tiu im v qu tch.
9. n Ctrl+A (chn tt c cc i tng cn li) v chn Cng c ty bin > To cng c mi. V t tn
l Parabol.
Sau khi tin hnh thc hin nhng bc nh trn bn dng c Parabol v t nay tr v sau bn c cng
c dng Parabol khi bit tiu im v ng chun.
8.1.2. Parabol Qua Hai im V Bit Tiu im

1. Dng ba im A, F, B ln mt phng trong sketchpad.
2. Dng ng trn (A,AF) v (B,BF).
3. Dng tip tuyn chung ca 2 ng trn trn:
a. Dng ng thng AB.
b. Dng bn knh AM ca (A,AF).
c. Dng bn knh BN ca (B,BF) sao cho AM//BN.
d. Xc nh O l giao im ca ng thng MN v AB.
e. Dng ng trn ng knh OA.
f. Dng C l giao im ca ng trn va dng v (A,AM).
g. Dng ng thng OC.
h. Dng E l giao im ca OC v (B,BF).
4. Khi ta thy CE l tip tuyn chung ca 2 ng trn (A,AF) v (B,BF).
5. Dng im D trn tip tuyn chung CE.
6. Dng trung trc ca DF v ng thng qua D v vung gc vi CE.
7. Dng K l giao im ca 2 ng thng va dng.
8. Chn D ri chn K v thc hin lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch.
9. n i tt c cc i tng v ch li 3 im A, F, B v qu tch.
10. Chn lnh Cng c ty bin > To cng c mi v t tn l Parabol_2
8.2. Elip
C rt nhiu cch khc nhau dng mt ng Elip nhng y ch xin gii thiu cch dng Elip khi bit 2
tiu im v mt im th 3 m Elip i qua.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Dng F1, F2, P.

Dng on F1F2 v trung im D ca n.
Dng on F2P v tia F1P.
Dng ng trn (P, PF2)
Dng E l giao im ca ng trn (P,PF2) vi tia F1P.
Dng on F1E v F l trung im ca n.
Dng on FF1v ng trn tm D c bn knh bng on FF1.
Dng ng trung trc ca F1F2.
Dng ng trn tm F2 v c bn knh bng FF1.
Trang 47
10. Dng G, H l giao im ca ng trn va dng v ng trung trc ca F1F2.

11. Dng ng trn ng knh GH.
12. Dng mt im I thuc ng trn va dng.
13. Qua I dng ng thng song song vi F1F2.
14. Dng tia DI v J l giao im ca n vi ng trn tm D bn knh FF1.
15. Qua J dng ng vung gc vi F1F2 v K l giao im ca ng thng va dng vi ng thng
qua I v song song vi F1F2.
16. Chn I ri chn K v thc hin lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch.
17. n i tt c cc i tng ngai tr F1, F2, P v qu tch. Ta thu c Elip.
8.3. Hypebol
Dng mt hypebol khi bit hai tiu im v mt im m n i qua.
1. Dng tiu 2 tiu im A, B v mt im C m n i qua.
2. Dng ng thng AC.
3. Dng (C,CB).
4. Dng D l giao im ca on AC v (C,CB).
5. Dng (A,AD).
6. Dng mt im E trn (A,AD).
7. Dng on EB v F l trung im ca chng.
8. Dng ng trung trc ca EB
9. Dng ng trn (E, ED).
10. Dng ng thng EA.
11. Gi G l giao im ca EA v ng trung trc ca on EB.
12. Chn E ri chn G v thc hin lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch.
13. n tt c cc i tng ngoi tr A,B,C v qu tch ta thu c Hypebol
14. Chn tt c cc i tng v chn lnh Cng c ty bin > To cng c mi v t tn l Hypebol.
8.4. Elip Hoc Hypebol Khi C Tm Sai V Tiu im

Phn ny chng ta s cng i dng mt ng Elip hay Hypebol khi bit tiu im v tm sai.
1. To ra mt tham s c tn l e v cho gi tr ban u l 0.75.
2. Tnh t s 1/e.
3. Dng 2 tiu im A, B.
4. Dng B l nh ca B qua php v t tm A, t s 1/e.
5. Dng (A,AB).
6. Dng mt im C trn ng trn (A,AB).
7. Dng on thng CB v ng trung trc ca n.
8. Dng ng thng CA.
9. Dng E l giao im ca 2 ng thng trn.
10. Chn C ri chn E v thc hin lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch.
11. n i tt c cc i tng ngoi tr tham s, 2 tiu im v qu tch.
8.5. Conic Qua Nm im

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Dng nm im A, B, C, D, E.
Dng ng thng AB, BC, CD, EA.
Dng F l giao im ca DC v AE.
Dng E ty , dng E l nh ca E qua php i xng tm E.
Dng na ng trn c tm l E v qua EE.(chn E,E,E v Dng hnh > Cung trn ng trn )
Dng im G thuc na ng trn .
Dng ng thng EG.
Dng H l giao im ca EG v AB.
Trang 48
9. Dng I l giao im ca EG v BC.

10. Dng ng thng FI.
11. Dng J l giao im ca FI v AB.
12. Dng ng thng DJ.
13. Dng im K l giao ca JD v EG
14. Chn G ri chn K v thc hin lnh Dng hnh > Qu tch.
15. n i tt c cc i tng ngoi tr qu tch v nm im ban u.
16. Chn tt c cc i tng cn li v thc hin lnh Cng c ty bin > To cng c mi lu cch
dng li cho tin dng sau ny.
Trang 49
CHNG 9. LI KT
Bit s dng cc tnh nng c bn ca mt phn mm l mt vn hu nh khng bao gi kh. Tuy nhin
tn dng v khai thc ht cc tnh nng ca phn mm th hu nh lun lun li l mt iu khng d.
Rt kt kinh nghim t chnh mnh, mt ngi cha tng s dng Geometer's Sketchpad trc . Qua thi
gian t tm hiu v hc hi (ch yu t nhng ti liu trn Internet) ti cn thn ghi nhn li nhng kh khn
m mnh gp phi khi tip cn vi phn mm. T ch cha bit g, n ch s dng tng i ti cng phi mt
mt khong thi gian nht nh.
Vi mong mun gip nhng ngi cha tng s dng GSP trc kia. Ti son ti liu hng dn ny, n c
thit k cho nhng ngi mi u lm quen vi GSP. Tuy nhin cng c th l ti liu tham kho, cng nh
ni trn, GSP cng l mt phn mm v th bit s dng n cng l mt iu khng kh, nhng lm sao
khai thc ht tnh nng ca phn mm l iu khng d. Nu bn thc s mun lm ch phn mm, th li
khuyn tt nht l bn hy ng dng n vo vic gii cc bi ton bn ang dy hay ang hc hng ngyqua
qu trnh bn lm vic vi phn mm, bn s khm ph ra rt nhiu iu b ch.
GSP l mt phn mm 2D (hnh hc 2 chiu) tuy nhin bn cng c th ng dng n vo gii mt s bi ton
hnh hc khng gian nht nh. Do c th ch thit k cho 2D nn bn s mt thi gian khi ng dng vo th
gii 3D. Mt li khuyn thc sc l nu dng trong mi trng 3D th tt nht l bn nn s dng Cabri 3D, n
s d dnh hn cho cc thao tc dng hnh ca bn. GSP l mt phn mm thin nhiu v ng dng cho ton,
tuy nhin bn cng c th ng dng vo to cc m hnh cho vt l hay ha hc.
Cui cng, mc du ti c rt c gng nhng chc chn khng th khng mc nhng thiu st nht nh.
Mong rng ti s nhn c kin gp ca cc bn khi tham kho ti liu ny.
Trang 50

Huong Dan Su Dung GSP 5-VI Com

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Bin son : H Quc Vn

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

5.1.3. Tnh gc v din tch .............................................................................................................................. 28

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

1.2. Bt u Lm Quen Vi GSP.

1.2.2 Cc cng c c bn:

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Cng c Compa : dng v ng trn trn mt phng. Bn ch cn ba ci click: ci u tin click vo

Cng c vit - v t do: v du gc, nh du, k hiu v v bng tay.

Cng c ty bin : GSP ch h tr nhng cng c c bn nh im(point), ung trn (circle), on

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

1.2.2. Kho St Cc Menu

Trong cc Menu trn bn cn ch mc Ty chn ti liu, bn c th to thm trang, i tn trang hoc

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Menu Hiu chnh

Click chut vo s thy c menu con gm cc lnh sau:

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Hp thoi Chuyn ng ca Nt hnh ng:

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Hp thoi Chuyn ng ti ch ca Nt hnh ng:

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Menu Dng hnh

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Menu Bin hnh

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

CHNG 2. CC I TNG HNH HC C BN CHC

v ang trng thi c chn.

Theo mc nh, khi mt im mi c khi to GSP s t nhn cho im theo tn cc ch ci A, B, C. v

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

2.1.3. on thng, ng thng v tia.

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

2.2. Quan H Gia Cc i Tng Hnh Hc

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

im C, n l i tng con ca on thng AB do bn khng th di chuyn n mt cch t do na, m n

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

CHNG 3. DNG HNH V QU TCH

Nhng khi bn chn th

3.1.2. Dng trung im ca mt on thng

3.1.3. Dng giao im ca 2 i tng

3.1.4. Dng on thng, tia, ng thng.

3.1.5. Dng ng thng i qua mt im v song song vi ng thng cho

3.1.6. Dng ng thng vung gc vi ng thng cho trc

3.1.7. Dng ng phn gic ca mt gc cho trc

3.1.8. Dng ng trn bit tm v mt im thuc ng trn

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

3.1.9. Dng ng trn khi bit bn knh v tm.

3.1.10. Dng cung trn ng trn

3.1.11. Dng cung trn i qua 3 im

3.1.12. Dng min trong ca mt i tng

3.2. Qy Tch Ca Mt im Hay i Tng

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Bn hy double-click vo nhn ca i tng no m bn mun thay i tn.

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

- Dng ng trn (I) ni tip tam gic ABC cho trc.

- Dng tam gic cn ABC.

- Dng hnh bnh hnh ABCD.

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Xin lu thm l t cc nhn c ch s di v d nh A1, B1, O1... th khi t tn nhn bn hy thm

Hng dn s dng Geometer's Sketchpad

Bi tp 4 : Cho ung trn tm O ng knh AB. C l mt im thay i trn ng trn O. Gi m l ng