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Ni dung ca mn hc (1) 5 chng: 1. Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m; 2. Chng 2. Nn kinh t - Sn lng quc gia v cch o lng;
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1. Bn cht v khi nim kinh t hc:
KINH T
SX -SX ci g? SX nh th no? SX cho ai? SX bao nhiu? S dng hiu qu ngun lc Mc tiu: ti a ho li nhun
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m Nh vy, bn cht ca kinh t hc nm mu thun mt cch tng i gia ngun lc c gii hn, ngy cng cn kit vi nhu cu v hn, ngy cng tng. 1. Nu khng c mu thun ny, khng c kinh t; 2. Nu ngun lc khng gii hn v cn kit, d nhu cu c v hn, ngy cng tng cng khng cn kinh t; 3. Nu ngun lc gii hn v cn kit, nhng nhu cu khng v hn v khng tng th cng khng cn kinh t; 4. Nn kinh t - x hi cng pht trin, nhu cu cng tng mnh, ngun lc cng khan him, mu thun ny cng gay gt, nghin cu kinh t cng quan trng.
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m Nh vy, kinh t hc l s la chn/ cch thc hot ng ca nn kinh t trong vic s dng cc ngun lc gii hn v ngy cng cn kit sn xut ra cc loi sn phm hng ho, dch v p ng nhu cu v hn v ngy cng tng ca con ngi.
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m Cc nh kinh t hc gii quyt mu thun trn di 2 gc : vi m v v m. Kinh t hc vi m gii quyt mu thun bng cch xem xt cch s dng cho tng yu t ngun lc, phn phi cho tng sn phm lm ra. Kinh t hc v m gii quyt mu thun di gc nhn tng th cho ton b ngun lc v ton b hng ho sn xut ra.
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF (production possibility frontier)
Hm gii hn kh nng sn xut l hm cc bin v ng phn nh hm ny gi l ng gii hn kh nng sn xut (PPF) (Debertin, 1986). Cc im nm trn ng cc bin (Y=f(X)) phn nh hiu qu k thut t c cao nht.
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF (production possibility frontier)
La (kg)
400 360
B C
N
D
PPF
300
220 120
M
E
60
110
Vi (m)
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF
La (kg) 400 360 300 220 120 M E
B C
N D
ng ng thu nhp R
60
110
Vi (m)
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF
La (kg) 400 360 300 220 120 M E
B C
N D
60
110
Vi (m)
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF
La (kg) 400 360 300 220 120 M E
B C
N D
60
110
Vi (m)
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF
La (kg) 400 360 300 220 120 M E
B C
N D
60
110
Vi (m)
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Gii hn kh nng sn xut PPF
La (kg) 400 360 300 220 120 M E
B C
N D
60
110
Vi (m)
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m 1.1.2. Nhng vn kinh t c bn SX 1. 2. 3. 4. SX ci g ? SX nh th no ? SX cho ai ? SX bao nhiu ? 1. 2. 3. 4. TD TD ci g ? TD nh th no ? Ai quyt nh TD ? TD bao nhiu ?
Sn lng tim nng Yp: l sn lng t c khi ton dng nhn cng, tc tht nghip thc t Ut bng tht nghip t nhin Un.
Khng c vic lm ang tm tht nghip thc t Ut (5 triu) C vic lm (25 triu)
Sn lng thc t AS
1.2.3. Cn bng tng cung AS v tng cu AD (1) Sn lng thc t > sn lng tim nng. Nn kinh t thnh vng. Mc gi chung cao, lm pht cao nhng tht nghip thp.
Mc gi chung
Tng cung
Tng cu
Sn lng thc t
Sn lng
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m Bin php ca Chnh ph gim cu:
1.2.3. Cn bng tng cung AS v tng cu AD (2) Sn lng thc t < sn lng tim nng. Nn kinh t suy thoi. Tht nghip cao nhng gi c thp.
Mc gi chung
Tng cung
Tng cu
Sn lng thc t
Sn lng
Chng 1. Bn cht ca kinh t hc v s hot ng ca nn kinh t v m Bin php ca Chnh ph kch cu:
1.2.3. Cn bng tng cung AS v tng cu AD (3) Sn lng thc t = sn lng tim nng. Nn kinh t ti u. Tht nghip thc t bng khng, gi c hp l.
Mc gi chung
Tng cung
Tng cu
Sn lng thc t
Sn lng
n nh t gi hi oi...