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TNH TON THP HP TH (1g)

1, Tnh ng knh thp hp th


Ta c ng knh thp c tnh theo cng thc:
,m
Vn tc thch hp ca kh trong thp m xc nh t chun s renol
Re

c xc nh theo cng thc:


G

L

0,25

Vi Ar

[4- 9]

[4-9]

Trong :
G- lng kh i vo thp, kg/h
L- lng lng i vo thp, kg/h
w- vn tc kh vo thp, m/s
D- khi lng ring ca kh, kg/m3
l - khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m3
D - nht ca kh, kg/ms ;
D= 0,0115cP= 0,0115.10-3 kg/ms tra theo kh benzen 760C theo hnh
PL1 [3- 370]
l - nht ca cht lng, kg/ms
dt ng knh tng ng ca thp c tnh theo [4-9]

,m

dt

Chn loi m vng gm s, tra bng PL10 [3-344] c cc thng s nh sau:


Kch thc m: 8x8x1,5 mm
Vtr - th tch t do ca lp m: c Vtr =0,64 m3/m3
- b mt ring ca lp m, = 570 m2/m3
Thay s vo c dt
-

Cht lng y l dung dch kim Ca(OH)2 ~ 20%. Ly 20g Ca(OH)2 trong
100g dung dch th c 80g nc.Nn:
l

1250 kg/m3

Kh ly ch yu l DDT ( C14H9Cl5), khi lng phn t l 354,5g.

iu kin tiu chun 354,5g DDT chim th tch 22,4lt tc t trng ca DDT l
15,826g/l. Vy 1g DDT chim th tch 0,063 lt.
nhit 760C th 1g DDT chim 0,0805 lt, tng ng vi t trng l 12,422g/l.
Dng kh nn lm ejector to chn khng trong thp hp th, dng kh nn o
c lu lng kh trc khi vo ejector v sau khi ra ejector, t bit hn hp
kh l bao nhiu, tr i Nit s tm c lng kh bc DDT
KTC, 1mol kh nit tng ng vi 28g, chim 22,4 lt tc t trng ca Nit l
1,25g/l.
Ly lng kh Nit khong 80% th tch hn hp kh vo thp.Suy ra th tch nit
s dng l

0,252 lt tng ng vi khi lng l 0,315g.

iu kin 760C th 0,315g Nit chim V=

= 0,3222 lt, tc t

trng l 0,978 g/l.


Vy khi lng ring ca hn hp kh l :
kg/m3

D
Suy ra:

= 2,73.107

Ar

Lu lng kh vo thp l:

G = 1 + 0,315= 1,315g/s= 4,734 kg/h


Khi lng phn t DDT= 354,5g trong Clo = 177,5g. Suy ra, 1g DDT c
khong 0,5g Clo. Gi s lng Clo c hp th ht vi kim. Thay 1 nguyn t
Clo bng 1 nhm OH tc 35,5g Clo c th bng 17g OH. Vy0,5g Clo c th
bng 0,23944g OH. Gi x l lng Ca(OH)2 cn thit hp th 0,5g Clo, ta c:
Ca(OH)2/OH
l:

. Suy ra, x= 0,5211g Ca(OH)2

Gi L l lu lng cht lng i vo thp, dung dch cha 20% Ca(OH)2 tc

Suy ra L= 2,6055 g/s = 9,78 kg/h


Thay s vo ta tnh c chun s Renol nh sau:
Re

= 400,12
Vn tc kh vo thp l:

= 0,314 m/s

[4-9]

Vy ta c ng knh thpl:
D

0,0404 m

2, Tnh chiu cao thp


Chiu cao thp tnh theo s n v chuyn khi l:
H= hy.my

,m

[1-170]

Trong : hy l chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi


my l s n v chuyn khi
a, Chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi theo pha kh
Dy: h s khuch tn phn t kh hp th trong pha kh, m2/s
tra bng PL.30 [3- 364] theo hidroclorua ta c D0=13.10-6 (m2/s) . Suy ra:
P
Dy = D0 . 0
Pk

Tk

T0

760 273 + 76
= 13.10 .
.

760 273
6

= 18,8.106 (m2 / s )

[4- 17]

Chun s Prandl truyn khi c tnh theo cng thc:


Prdy =

y
0, 0115.103
=
= 0,187
y .Dy 3, 267.18,8.106

[4- 10]

Chun s Nu c tnh nh sau:


0,8

Nu= 0,035. Re .Pr


r

2
t

0,35

0,8

0,35

= 0,035.(400,12) .(0,187)
-6

= 2,35
-3 2

Ky = Nu.D / d = (2,35.18,8.10 .3600)/(4,49.10 ) = 7889 (1/h)


Vy chiu cao mt n v truyn khi theo pha kh:

[4- 10]

hy =

3600.w
= 0,1433(m)
Kyr

b, S n v chuyn khi
Khi tnh ton qu trnh hp th, ta thng dng phn mol tng i X, Y.
Nng u vo ca kh HCCL
- Nng phn mol ca kh
y = 0,2 ( kmol kh HCCL/ kmol hn hp kh)
- Nng mol tng i ca kh
Y =

0, 2

= 1 0, 2 = 0,25 ( kmol kh HCCL/k mol kh tr)

[1-8]

Nng u ra ca HCCL
Chn hiu qu x l ca thp hp th l: = 90%
Vi hiu qu x l = 0,9 th nng mol tng i ca HCCl ra khi thp l:
=

Yc = Y .Y = 0,25 0,9.0,25 = 0,025 ( kmol HCCl/kmol kh tr)

Phng trnh ng cn bng


ng cn bng dng c da vo phng trnh Henry:
ycb = m.x =
thay bng :

.x
Y=

[1-152]

m. X
1 + (1 m X)

Trong :
l hng s Henry ph thuc vo nhit ca kh
P l p sut ca kh, P= 760 mmHg

Hng s Henry ca kh HCCL nhit t = 76 oC


H = 0,00224.106 mmHg = 2240 mmHg tra bng 3.1 [1-153].

Nng ti a HCCL trong cht lng c th xc nh t phng trnh trn:


2240 *
.X
760
Y = 0,25 =
2240 *
1 + (1
). X
760

Suy ra:
X * = 0,0728 kmolHCCl/ kmol dung dch

Phng trnh ng lm vic:


Dng ng lm vic i qua 2 im:
A(X,Yc) = A(0;0,025)
B(Xc,Y) , Y = 0.25 (kmolHCCl/kmol kh tr), im B l im ca ng cn
bng v ng lm vic. V vy ta dng ng lm vic ca qu trnh hp th
tng ng vi lu lng cht hp th ti thiu (mmin).
Da vo ng cn bng xc nh c X * = 0,0728 kmolHCCl/ kmol dung dch
Y Yc

0.25 0, 025

mmin = tgmin = X * X = 0, 0728 0 = 3,1


Lng nc thc t c ly t 10 - 30% ln hn lu lng nc ti thiu:

m = (1,1 1,3)mmin
m = 1, 2.3,1 = 3, 72
Phng trnh ng lm vic c dng:
Y = 3,72X + 0,025
Da vo phng trnh ng lm vic suy ra Xc = 0,06

Tinh s bc truyn khi:


S n v chuyn khi ca qu trnh hp th c tnh theo cng thc:
my =

[4-15]

ng lc trung bnh

c tnh bng cng thc:

Ytb =

[4-15]

Vi

l hiu s nng c gi tr ln v b:

Ta c phng trinh cn bng la ng thng Y* =3,434.X


Suy ra:
Yl = Y Y* = Y 3,434 Xc
= 0,25 3,434 . 0,06
= 0,044 (kmol HCCl/ kmol khi tr)
Yb = Yc Y*c = 0,025 - 0 = 0,025 (kmol HCCl/ kmol khi tr)

0, 044
= 1,76 < 2
0, 025

= 0,035

Nn:
my =

0, 25 0, 025
= 6,4 (bc)
0, 035

Vy chiu cao thp hp th l:


H=

= 0,1433 . 6,4 = 0,917 m

[4- 15]

TI LIU THAM KHO


1. GS. TSKH. Nguyn Bin. Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha
cht v thc phm, tp IV. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2005
2. GS. TSKH. Nguyn Bin. Tnh ton qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh
ha cht v thc phm, tp I. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 1999
3. GS. TSKH. Nguyn Bin. Tnh ton qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh
ha cht v thc phm, tp II. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2000
4. GS. TSKH. Nguyn Bin. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht,
tp I. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2006
5. GS. TSKH. Nguyn Bin. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht,
tp II. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, 2006

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