H thng cnh bo trm xe bng m thanh Trong mch in nh ny th b phn c bn nht l CMOS 6 cng NAND tch hp trong IC CD4093.

N kh hu hiu bo v chng trm cho xe ca bn bng cch pht tn hiu m thanh cnh bo.

Khi bn cp ngun cho mch in trn bng ngun DC 12V ly t xe ca bn (c hin th bng LED) th mch chuyn sang trng thi ch. Led bn trong ca b cm quang l IC1 MCT2E nhn nh sng t bn ngoi, catot ca n c ni t thng qua h thng m thanh ca xe (c th thm cu ch) v b khch i. Khi bn c gng di chuyn xe th ng dn ny s b t v kt ni t IC1 n chn 12 ca IC2 (cng NAND N4) b ngt, b cm quang IC1 s tt ngay lp tc. Kt qu l b dao ng c to thnh t cc cng N2 v N3 s hot ng v iu khin thi gian on/off ca Relay thng qua transistor T2. Khi ta thay i gi tr ca t in C2 dn n thi gian on/off cng thay i theo. Nu t C2 c gi tr 100 micro-fara th thi gian m khong 5 giy, ngt khong 5 giy.

Nu ngun cp cho car audio b ngt th u ra ca N4 s chuyn ln mc cao, n to ra cc dao ng c tn s xc nh v cc dao ng ny kch dn T1 (nh c t C1 v R5 hp li to thnh 1 mch vi phn, n bin i xung vung n cc thnh xung nhn lng cc).

Kt qu l loa (c ni vi chn C ca T2) s dao ng theo tn s ca dao ng ca cc xung nhn. y thi gian on ca loa c th c thay i bng cch iu chnh gi tr ca t C1 hoc R5. Mch t ng iu khin n Mch t ng iu khin n trong phng 1.S mch:

2.Gii thiu: y l mt mch in t ng iu khin n in trong phng ch dng mt b cm bin nh sng. V vy khi mt ngi bc vo phng th b cm bin sinh ra mt xung v lm cho n sng. Khi ngi i ra khi phng th b cm bin li sinh ra mt xung khc lm tt n. Nhng chuyn g s xy ra khi c 2 ngi cng bc vo phng ( ngi ny i sau ngi kia). B cm bin s sinh ra 2 xung v lm cho n tr li trng thi tt. Mch in c m t trn s gii quyt vn ny.

3.Nguyn l hot ng: Mch in gm c mt b nh nh m c th t ng m v tt n nh mong mun. Mch in dng 2 LDR ( in tr ph thuc nh sng ) m chng c t theo th t trc sau (cch nhau khong 50cm), v vy chng c th nhn bit mt cch ring bit mt ngi bc vo phng hoc l i ra khi phng. Sau khi x ly,u ra ca 2 b cm bin LDR c s dng phi hp vi nhng trng thi ca LED mu khi mt ngi bc vo phng th LED s pht ra mu xanh v khi ngi i ra khi phng th LED s pht ra mu o. Nhng ng ra ny s ng thi c a n 2 b m s. Mt trong s 2 b m s s m ln: +1, +2, +3 vv khi c nhiu ngi ln lt bc vo phng v b m kia s m ngc li: -1, -2, -3 vv khi c nhiu ngi i ra khi phng. Nhng b m ny s dng IC CD4017. Tng tip theo bao gm 2 IC logic m chng c th kt hp nhng ng ra ca 2 b m v xc nh xem liu c cn ngi no vn cn trong phng hay khng. Khi s dng LDR trong mch in th phi cn thn trnh chng b nh hng bi nh sng. Nu mun th c th s dng cm bin c gi tr thay i c thay th cho LDR. Nhng b cm bin ny c lp t sao cho khi c ngi i vo hoc i ra khi phng th ngi s chn ngang nh sng theo th t cm bin ny sau cm bin kia. Khi mt ngi i vo phng, th trc tin ngi s ngn cn nh sng t LDR1, tip n l LDR2. Khi mt ngi i ra khi phng th n s thay i trng thi. Trong trng hp bnh thng th c 2 LDR u b gim cng nh sng, v nh vy tr khng ca chng rt thp (khong 5 kilo Ohm). Nh vy cui cng, chn ra ca c 2 b m thi gian (IC1 v IC2), m c nh dng nh l nhng mch flip-flop n n, u b cht gn vi in p cp vo l +9V. Khi s gim cng sng ca LDR c ngn cn th tr khng ca chng tng ln rt ln v in th chn 2 ca n gn nh bng 0 (ni t), khi mch flip-flop bt u hot ng. Nhng t in c mc vo gia chn 2 v t chng nhiu. Khi mt ngi i vo phng, LDR1 hot ng trc v l kt qu trong s hot ng ca IC1 n n. Pha trc cc B ca cp transitor T1-T2 xut hin 1 xung ngn ng ra nhanh chng np in cho t C5. Nhng ngay khi cc C ca transistor T1 v T2 li trng thi c tr khng cao bi v chn 3 ca IC2 c in th thp v diode D4 khng dn in. Nhng khi vn l ngi i qua LDR2, th IC2 n n c khi ng. Chn 3 chuyn ln mc cao v in th ny i qua diode D4 v c a n cp transistor T1-T2. Kt qu l cp transistor dn in bi v t C5 gi li in tch trong mt lc v thi gian n x ht c iu khin bi in tr R5. V th cho nn LED xanh c pht sng mt cch tc thi. Ging nh vy, ng ra cng c a n IC3 m n c hot ng nh mt ng h m. ng vi mi ng vo ca mi ngi vo s lm ng ra ca IC3 ( ang mc cao) s tng ln theo. tng ny, cp transistor T3-T4 khng dn in bi v ng ra chn 3 ca IC1 khng cn mc dng na v vy rng xung ng ra ngn hn v do cc C ca transistor tin gn n mc cao. Khi c ngi i ra khi phng, th LDR2 c hot ng trc v sau l LDR1 hot ng. Khi mt na phn di ca mch cng ging nh na phn trn, lc ny vi s sai lch ca mi ngi s lm cho LED pht sng mt cch tc thi v ng ra ca IC4 cng c tng ln ging nh

trong trng hp ca IC3. Ng ra ca IC3 v ca c IC4 ( sau khi c o bi cng o N1 n N4 ) c hp li bi cng AND ( A1 n A4 ) sau l cng OR ( s dng diode D5 n D8 ). Hiu ng thc l khi c ngi i vo phng, ng ra c it61 nht mt cng AND mc cao, v transistor T5 dn in v cp nng lng cho RL1. Bng n c ni vi tip im chnh N/O ca r le RL1 cng c pht sng. Khi mi ngi i ra khi phng, v n khi khng cn ai trong phng th dy ni ca ng ra OR vn tip tc tr v mc cao c ngha l bng n vn cn sng, ti khi tt c mi ngi i vo i ra ht khi phng. S ngi ti a m mch in ny c th kim sot c l 4, mt khi thit b nhn c xung th 5 th n s tr li trng thi nh ban u. Tuy nhin mch cng c th d dng m n 9 ngi bng cch thay u ni ca chn 1 vi chn tr v trng thi ban u (15) v s dng ng ra t Q1 n Q9 ca b m CD4017 v c th thm vo cc cng AND v diode . NH SNG CHO XE P Sng 13 LED, CP 3V Cng thch hp (cho) nhng ngi chy b/ ngi i b.

S mch: LINH KIN:

R1_____________10K 1/ 4 W in tr. R2, R9, R10_____100K 1/ 4 W in tr. R3- R8, R11- R16__10R 1/ 4 W in tr. R17___________150R 1/ 4 W in tr C1______________1uF 63 V T (in) Pliste. C2_____________10nF 63 V T (in) Pliste. C3____________100uF 25 V t in phn. D1- D13_____LED 5 mm. hay ln hn, hiu sut cao IC1, IC2________7555 hay TS555CN CMos ,IC bm gi . SW1____________ kha chuyn SPST. B1_______________ Ngun pin 3V ( 2 AA 1.5V ghp ni tip)

1.Mc ch Thit b:. Mch ny c thit k cung cp mt nh sng r rng , to thnh bi s pht sang ca 13 con LED c xp xp trong mt vng quay. V in p thp, mch kch thc nh , thit b thch hp (cho) s ct t trn nhng xe p nh mt nh sng n, hay mang bi nhng ngi chy b/ ngi i b 2.Thao tc Mch:. IC1 l mt phin bn CMos (ca) 555 IC c buc bng dy st khi mt b a hi phim nh pht sinh mt 50% nhim v p xe sng hnh vung vo khong 4 Hz tn s. Ti 3 V , 555 u ra ( chn 3) s st dng nhanh hn ngun trong qu trnh hot ng, ri cc led D1- D6 c ni ti cc dngca ngun . thu c mt thao tc phng h quang xen k, mt 555 IC (th) hai c cung cp, hnh ng nh mt b phn bin i nghch o du cng trig v iu khin cc LED D7D12. D13 Thng xuyn sng Cc LED c sp xp nh hnh di, vi LED trung tm lun sng. S sp t ny v s phng h quang xen k (ca) to thnh vng quay

3.SP XP LED:.

4.CH Tn s Phng h quang c th c thay i ,thay i gi tr C1. Mch iu khin n bng nh sng

MCH TC N LM TR IU KHIN BNG NH SNG HOC M THANH:

Hnh 1: 1.ng dng: Mch in ny dng t ng iu khin cc n cu thang, cc n chiu sng trong nh v sinh v cc li i. 2.Nguyn l mch in: Mch in c cu to nh hnh1. SK-II l mt IC iu khin bng m thanh, l mt IC chuyn dng. Bn trong n tr mch in chnh l mt trigger hai trng thi n nh cn c mt b khuch i o pha 3 cc c th tho mn cc yu cu cc trng hp khc nhau. Trong mch ny ch s dng 2 tn 2 cp trong s . Bnh thng chn 9 ca SK-II nm mc thp, transistor Q1 do thin tr cc gc khng c nn ngng dn, chn 2 u kch ca mch tch hp gc chun thi gian 555 vn mc cao, chn 6 u tr s ngng cng nh vy. Chn 7 phng in cng mc cao, nn u ra chn 3 ca n cng s mc thp, Triac silic iu khin 2 chiu khng c dng in kch nn ngng dn, n H 7

khng sng. Khi microphone MIC tip thu m thanh v tay, bn trong SK-II b trigger trng thi n s lt, chn 9 a ra mc cao, transistor Q1 dn thng ng thi bo ho, in p trn cc gp ca n l 0, ng thi in p chn 2 u kch ca mch in gc chun thi gian 555 thp chng 1/3 Vcc, mch in bn trong lt, u ra chn 3 mc cao, Triac s kch dn thng, n H pht sng. ng thi in p 12V qua in tr R4 np vo t C4, cho ti khi in p 2 u C4 t ti 2/3 Vcc.Mch in bn trong ca mch gc chun thi gian 555 mt ln na s lt, chn 3 u ra s chuyn thnh mc thp, Triac mt ln na s ngng dn. Thi gian lm tr di hay ngn c quyt nh bi tr s ca in tr R4 v ca t C4, da vo cc s liu trong hnh v n s c thi gian khong chng 2 pht. Ngoi ra mch in gc chun thi gian 555 c b kch lt hay khng cn b s iu khin bi in p chn 4 u phc v, ban ngy do nh sng chiu ti transistor quang Q3 lm in tr gim thp, transistor Q2 dn thng, mch in gc chun thi gian 555 u phc v chn 4 vn mc thp, mch kch bn trong b kho, tc l lm cho in p chn 2 u kch thp hn 1/3 Vcc, mch in 555 cng khng lt. Ch khi no bt u tri ti, do transistor quang Q3 khng c nh sng chiu vo nn c in tr cao, transistor Q2 ngt, chn 4 u phc v ca mch in 555 vn mc cao, lc ch cn trn mch in gc chun thi gian 555 c u vo l xung m, mch n n bn trong n s lt. Nh vy IC iu khin bng m thanh chn dng h SK-II. Micro MIC chn dng loi nhy cao, cng c th dng loi tinh th gm p in MTD27A thay. Mch in gc chun thi gian 555 chn dng loi NE55, LM555 hoc 5G1555. T C4 chn dng loi t in r cng nh cng tt. Cc linh kin cn li chn dng theo thng s c ghi trn s . 3. iu chnh cc gi tr: Khi iu chnh kim tra, trc tin transistor Q3 nm di nh sng t nhin, iu chnh R6 lm cho transistor Q2 dn thng, in p chn 4 u phc v ca mch in gc chun thi gian 555 thp hn 1V, khi cn thit c th dng transistor c h s khuch i ln hn. Sau iu chnh R1, lm cho in p u di R1 gn ti 6V. Ni chung, iu chnh R1 khong 10KW l c. Khi thay i in dung C5 nmgia chn 4 v 5 cha IC iu khin bng m thanh, trong hnh v dng loi 0.1mF, mch in s tng i nhy vi tn s ln cn 1KHz, chng hn nh ting v tay n Ng T ng v Bo Thc N NG T NG CNG VI CHC NNG BO THC Mch in ny s t ng bt n ng khi tri ti, v n s t ng tt khi tri sng nh 1 b cm bin nh sng t nhin vo mi bui sng . y 1 LED pht nh sng trng c dng nh 1 n ng. Ngoi ra n cn c 1 chc nng l t ng bo thc bng m thanh khi b cm bin nhn c nh sng t nhin vo mi bui sng.

Ngun in cung cp cho mch ny c gi tr khong 9V, c ly ra t 1 my bin th. u vo l ngun in xoay chiu 220V- 230V_50Hz , sau n qua bin p gim p ngun(AC) . Ngun AC c chnh lu nh 1 b chnh lu cu gm 4 diode 1N4007: D1,D2,D3,D4 , b chnh lu ny chuyn t dng AC thnh DC. u ra mch chnh lu ta lp thm 1 t in C1 nhm mc ch lc phng tn hiu DC va c chnh lu , v y l t ngun nn c gi tr kh ln (10-3 F).

IC 7806 iu chnh gi mc in p DC n nh khong 6V. Ngoi ra trong mch ny cn c thm ngun nui bng pin hoc cqui (9V) lm nhim v cung cp nng lng cho mch in khi ngun chnh b h, chc nng chnh l ngun d phng. Khi ngun chnh lm vic bnh thng th ngun d phng ny s c np y qua diode D5 v in tr R1 . Khi ngun chnh b h hay mt in th ngay lp tc ngun d phng s cp in cho mch , m bo mch hot ng bnh thng. Diode D5 c nhim v ngn cn hin tng x in ngc v ngun chnh, cn D6 th gi vai tr ng dn DC t pin n phn cn li ca mch. Cc quang tr (LDR) gi chc nng cm nhn nh sng trong phng ng ca bn. in tr ca cc quang tr ny rt ln khi tri ti v in tr thay i kh nhanh,rt nh khi c chiu sng. y LDR1 cm nhn bong ti cn LDR2 th cm nhn nh sng vo mi sng sm. 9

B phn chnh ca mch l IC2 NE555, c chc nng 1 b to dao ng (to xung vung). IC 2 hot ng khi c xung kch t chn s 2 ca IC2. Mt ln kch th u ra chn s 3 s chuyn ln mc cao v s tr v gi tr ban u nu ta kch tr li chn s 2 ca IC2. Khi tri ti th in tr ca LDR1 c gi tr khong 280 kilo-ohms, in tr ca LDR1 tng do cng chiu sng gim. LDR1 v R1 ng vai tr phn p cho chn s 2, LDR1 tng n 1 gi tr no th IC2 hot ng, to dao ng, u ra s 3 ca IC s chuyn ln mc in p cao v kt qu l n LED pht sng. Khi LDR1 c chiu sng bng nh sng trong phng th in tr ca n s gim xung rt thp , n gi b pht xung mc in p dng. Kt qu l u ra s 3 ca IC 2 s chuyn v mc thp v n white LED s tt . Bng cch thay i gi tr ca t C2 ta c th nh thi gian m ca n LED.LDR2 c ghp vi cc linh kin khc to thnh 1 b bo thc bng m thanh. LDR2 s d nh sng xung quanh phng v gi tr ca n s gim khi mt tri ln (cng chiu sng bt u tng ). in tr ca n gim n 1 mc no th c dng in ln chy qua chn B ca transistor T1(BC548) v kch T1 dn .Khi T1 dn IC nhc UM66 c cp ngun (ly t chn E ca T1) v hot ng, IC 2 l IC nhc nn n s pht ra cc giai iu. Cc giai iu to ra t IC2 c khch i bi transistor T2, sau a ra loa. Nh vy ta c 1 ng h bo thc vi nhng giai iu yu thch m bn c th la chn tu .

in tr R7 c tc dng hn dng cho IC3, cn diode zener ZD th gi nhim v n p cho IC3 trong mc an ton khong 3.3V . 1) MCH CHNG TRM BNG TIA HNG NGOI

10

y l mch pht:

y l mch thu:

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Nguyn l hot ng: "Mc thu nhn tn hiu t mch pht v a n opamp th nht khuech i ln. v sau o chnh lu v lc thnh p DC. p DC ny s c so snh vi p chun. apamp th hai c s dng nh mt b so snh p. tn hiu ra c kch vo chn 2 ca ic 555. ic 555 ng vai tr nh mt mch n n. khi c tn hiu kch vo n th n lm cho ci bo ng vang ln mt thi gian khon 15 giy v tt. bnh thng th ci bo ng khng ku khi c ngi i qua th n lm cho mt thu mt tn hiu v p chnh luu cng gim xung v mch so snh p s kch ic 555 lm vic v ci bo ng s vang ln....." Gi tr cc linh kin c bn Minh V cho trn hnh, v y l cc ch thm: Linh kin "Thit b cm bin quan trng ca mch ny l mt mt thu tn hiu remote ca tivi . mt thu ny gm c 3 chn gm 2 chn ngun v 1 chn tn hiu ngun cp cho mt thu l ngun 5v chn no ni vi v l chn mass chn gia l chn tn hiu chn cn li l chn 5v" Chng nhiu "Dng thit b lc nh sng , khng cho nh sng trng i vo mt thu , ch c nh sng hng ngoi mi i vo mt thu,thit b ny l mt ci knh mu thng thy trong tivi hay cc thit b in t khc, hoc dng giy king mu trong cc bnh in hay hp tr,y l dng tn hiu hng ngoi vi tn s l khong 38khz nn cho d dng n pin ri vo th cng chng nh hng g " Hiu Chnh Chnh my pht pht tn s 38Khz c khong cch xa nht, cn khc tn s th hiu qu ch l 10m. Gi c Tt c cc linh kin gi r(mt thu hiu KEC gi 7000 ) Mch c tc gi s dng tt nhiu nm, nn anh em c yn tm. 2) MCH CHNG TRM BNG TIA LASER chc cc bn i ln xem phim hnh ng ri th bit trong cnh phim cp t nhp vo cc ngn hng , bo tng ... u c h thng tia laser bo v

nu v tnh chm phi vo tia laser th ci bo ng s h vang . cc bn cng c th lm c 1 h thng nh vy ch vi mch in n gin sau S NGUYN L

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u im ca mch ny l tm bo v c th ln ti 100m (ph thuc vo pht x ca modul laser) trong mch dng modul laser tr chi trung quc bn rt r ngoi chi tri ph Hu (5K/modul). modul s dng 3 vin pin cc o tm pht x hn 300m, tuy nhin khi mua v bn phi cp dng lin tc bng mch n p 3,3V do Q3 R4 v DZ to thnh - l phn pht tia laser Phn thu tia laser do quang tr R1 m nhn -Khi c nh sng laser chiu vo quang tr R1 do hin tng quang in lm cho in tr ca R1 gim mnh to phn cc thun cho transistor Q1 dn thng St p trn colector Q1 lm cho Q2 ngt nn ngng cp ngun cho mch cnh bo Loa s k h - Khi tia laser b vt cn chn k n c quang tr th hin tng s ngc li Q1 ngng dn lm p baz Q2 tng cao -> Q2 c phn cc thun dn thng cp ngun cho IC alarm loa ci s h lin tc - bin p T1 h dng xoay chiu qua D1 nn thnh 1 chiu v c lc & n p bi C1 C2 ,qua IC U1 cp 5V cho mch cnh bo - Phn loa bn chn loa gm p in cho ting h anh v xa IC cnh bo dng loi chuyn dng HT2860 cho ra 6 loi cnh bo khc nhau

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datasheet http://www.unitrel.pl/dane/uklady-scalone/ht2860.pdf trong s key1-key6 l 6 phm bm cho ra 6 loi cnh bo khc nhau , cc bn lp xong mch n phm nghe th tng loi , thch loi no th b phm v tr tng ng v hn chp phm li khi cp ngun th mch s t chy lun Lu -Khi lp bn phi bc quang tr vo trong 1 ng nha mu en trnh nh sng ban ngy tc ng vo , quang tr nm su trong ng tm 2cm -H pht v thu phi c nh chc chn trnh rung ng lm lch tia laser gy bo ng gi _ B tr nhiu gng phn chiu hoc nhiu h thu pht cc ni khc nhau bn s c 1 h thng bt kh xm phm y nh trong phim chc cc bn thnh cng ! mch th vi modul laser: ngn cha pin (l xo l cc m v l cc dng) bn tho cng tc nt n mu ra v hn trc tip dy cp ngun vo sau cng tc quang tr :

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MCH IU KHIN KHI NG V BO V BNG M S IN T Thit b bo v s gm 10 nt nhn t 0 -> 9 v bn c quyn chn tu trong 10 s vi s lm m s bo v, bao nhiu s cng c ( thng l 6 s). v ch khi no bn n chnh xc m s th h thng thit b ca bn mi c th khi ng hay m ca ngi nh ca bn c! ngoi cc m s bo v m bn chn ra th khng c m s no c th m c h thng trn cho d bn n chnh xc cc m s, m ch cn sai 1 s th bn cng khng th m c h thng. +S MCH

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# Hot ng : Nu bn mun t m s bo v h thng khi ng cho cc my mc thit b quan trng ca mnh hay mun cn nh mnh tr nn hin i v an ton, th bn hy gn ci kho ny vo ! Ti s dng n hai nm ri (c l hai mi nm vn chy tt). C nhiu ngi c nh "crack" nhng khng thnh cng. Khi ch to bn phi thm vo cc mch bo v h ci khi n sai m s ,hay khng cho php d m (s gii thiu sau) nguyn l :CD 4017 l IC m hng c 10 u ra ,ng vi cc xung clock th ln lt cc u ra s c mc cao. ta tn dng tnh nng ny a u ra c mc cao tr v u vo clock theo s m ho bn phm. Khi mi cp in cho mch, IC c reset ,u ra Q0 c mc cao ,lc ny nu n phm s 2 th mc cao ny s c a vo chn clock lm cho IC m hng a u ra Q2 c mc cao,nu tip tc n phm s 0 th Q3 li nhy ln mc cao ...ln lt n cc phm ng s a n Q6 c mc cao kch mch in m kho. Nu bn n sai th iu g xy ra?Nu n sai m s th C828 c phn cc thun thng qua D1 a vo chn reset .IC s tr v trng thi ban u .Tu theo cch sp xp cc diot m bn c cc m s khc nhau .

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IU KHIN N BNG CCH S TAY

S nguyn l:

Hot ng : Trong m ti , c khi bn phi m mm tm ci cng tc treo trn tng . Nu tay bn m... nhm phi ci cm ,rt c th bn s sung sng c ngi... ung tr vi thnh Pero ! mch in trn l mt gii php ti u cho vic t chi s sung sng ! Trong mch c hai in cc M1, M2 cho bn "s " thoi mi . Nu bn s vo M1 lp tc n s sng ln . Nu bn s vo M2 th n s tt i . -Khi bn s vo M1 th do nh hng ca nhiu in trng cng nghip trong ngi bn lm phn cc thun cho hai transistor C828 mc darlington dn thng cp dng cho rle , r le ht ng kho K lm cho R100k c ni xung baz ca hai transitor ny,mc ch duy tr phn cc cho mch gi rle. -Khi bn s tay vo in cc M2 th lm cho C828 tng ng dn thng v lm mt phn cc ti baz ca hai transitor mc darlington ---> rle nh ra ---> ngt tip im K lm mch tr v trng thi ban u # - Tn dng mt tip im th hai trong rle ng cng tc cho n, qut hay cc thit b cn iu khin Linh kin: t ngun 0,47uF/400V iot cu 1A Rle 12V 4 tip im C828 X 3 ,zene 12V # Cn thn vi ngun xoay chiu 220V ! MCH NP ACQUY T NG

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S nguyn l:

Hot ng : y l mach np cquy ht sc c o , ch dng vi linh kin gin n nhng n c tnh nng t ng khng thua km mt b np no khc .Khi c quy y in th mch t ng ct in bo v cquy Dng xoay chiu qua bin p h th to ra 30VAC qua it nn na chu k to ra 15V mt chiu c dng nhp nh (dng np cho cquy c dng xung s lm cho c quy mau y in khi np) dng in c st p qua bng n dy tc 21W (c tc dng nh mt in tr ng thi lm n ch th dng np ) 2N3055 ,1K, Zene 13,5V to thnh mch np t ng khi cquy ht in th in p trn n lun lun <12V (khong 10V) lc UBE ca 2N3055 = 13,5V - 10V = 3,5V transitor dn cp dng np cho acquy khi cquy y in th in p ca n tng cao (khong 13V chng hn ) lc UBE ca 2N3055 = 13,5 - 13 = 0,5 V in p ny khng phn cc cho transitor lm vic ---> transitor ngt ct dng bo v cquy ! bng n c tc dng hn dng v ch th .khi bnh ang np ->bng n sng mnh , khi bnh np y bng n s tt # Linh kin: tr s linh kin : nh trong s ! nu bn mun np cho cquy 6V th thay zene = 7.5V bn nh gii nhit tt cho Transitor .chc cc bn thnh cng! MCH HN GI N GIN

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* S nguyn l:

# Hot ng : Hin nay a s nhng chic qut bn trn th trng u s dng mch hn gi bng c kh nn bn khng cao, thi gian hn gi ngn ,ng thi khi hot ng th pht ra nhng ting ku rt kh chu ! ch cn bn b cht thi gi lp mch in n gin ny ny bn s thy n hn hn ci cng tc hn gi bng c kh kia .ch cn bn n nt l n hot ng ngay . Nguyn l ca n nh sau : -khi bn n nt start lp tc ngun 12V mt chiu c np cho t in 2200uF ,mt phn dng in c a qua R100K v VR1M n baz ca 2 transitor mc dalington Q1,Q2 lm hai transitor ny dn cp dng cho rle . -Khi bn bung tay ra ,dng in trong t 2200uF tip tc phng ra qua 100K v VR1M duy tr phn cc thn cho 2 transitor ny --->rle vn tip tc ht ng cng tc cho qut - sau mt thi gian t in phng ht in th s duy tr phn cc thun cho transitor khng cn na ---> transistor Q1,Q2 ngt ---> ct dng qua rle - iu chnh VR1M cho thi gian gi rle nh mong mun ,diode mc ngc chng dng in cm ng ca cun dy sinh ra lm hng transitor. Mch in rt d lp , hot ng c ngay ! nu mun c thi gian lu hn th bn thay C 2200uF bng t c in dung 4700uF Chc cc bn thnh cng vi s ny ! # Linh kin: cng tc l loi n nh , rle mt chiu 12V C828X2 ,VR1M, diode 1N4007 MY M S NGI S

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Mch t hp l mt 4516 b m ti/lui. it 2 xc nh phng hng m. Gi tr (ca) nhng in tr R ' Ph thuc vo kiu it c dng. (Bn s c l cn nhng in tr trong phm vi 100 K ti 1 M.) Khi vo phng, chm (tia) soi sng it 1 phi b ct u tin. (Ci) ny gy ra my m m Ln trn mt. Nu (Khi mt ngi ri b phng) Chm (tia) soi sng it 2 b ct v trong khi chm (tia) ny cn c ct cho chm (tia) soi sng it 1 b ct, my m s m xung mt. u ra c th c s dng (vi mt ci r le v ngi iu khin) chuyn mt nh sng khi mt ngi u tin vo phng v sau tt nh sng khi ngi cui cng ri b phng ( S lng ngi cc i 15) Chn 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, v 13 ca 4516 c ni ti ngun pin tiu cc (nhn thy s vero di). (R v C) c th c gn nh bt k gi tr no; Th 100 K v 1.5nF. s vero

. S dng. nhng it thit b thu vi bng cch in en ( hay ci g tng t) xung quanh h. Cch khc, t nhng it trong mt hp nha nh, nh c cho thy di

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Ting "bp" ng lc. Nhng ting ci sa 7.5s Nhng s nh thi gian C th iu chnh: 15 S. 30 S. 1 pht. 2 pht. & nhng thi gian khc. S

LINH KIN:. R1______220R 1/ 4 W in tr. R2_______10M 1/ 4 W in tr.

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R3________1M 1/ 4 W in tr. R4_______10K 1/ 4 W in tr. R5_______47K 1/ 4 W in tr. C1_______100nF 63 V T (in) Pliste. C2________22uF 25 V t in phn. D1______1N4148 75 V D2________3mm. Mu c dn dt. vung s cp IC1_____4081 2 u vo v Cng IC. IC2_____4060 14 trnh din my m d b v b dao ng IC. Q1______BC337 45 V P1______SPST Nt n (Bt u). P2______SPST (Khi ng li) Nt n. S Chuyn i nhng cch SW1_____4 (Nhn thy nhng ghi ch). My d m PS______Piezo (hp nht 3 KHz b dao ng). B1______3V Ngun pin ( 2 AA 1.5V) Mc ch Thit b:. Mch ny c d nh bo ng nhng mc ch sau mt thi gian nht nh tri qua. Tht l thch hp rng bng nhng tr chi yu cu mt thi gian c nh tr li mt cu hi hay di chuyn mt mnh v v. Thao tc Mch:. Vic y P1 t li IC2 m bt u s lm dao ng ti mt tn s c nh bi R3 & C1. Vi nhng gi tr c cho thy, tn s ny bn 4 Hz. D2, c iu khin bi IC1A & B, le sng ti cng tn s b dao ng, s bo hiu thao tc mch thch hp. SW1 la chn cht thch hp (ca) IC2 iu chnh khong thi gian tnh ton thi gian. V tr 1= 15 giy. V tr 2= 30 giy.

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V tr 3= 1 pht. V tr 4= 2 pht. Khi chn c chn (ca) IC2 mc cao, IC1C iu khin Q1 v nhng ting ci my d m gin on ti cng tn s Ca LED. Sau khong 7.5 nhng giy chn 4 ca IC2 mc cao v IC1D dng li b dao ng xuyn qua D1. Nu bn mun ngng m trc, y P2 Nhng ghi ch:. SW1 c th l bt k kiu s chuyn i vi s lng v cch thc mong mun no. Nu bn mun mt khong thi gian tnh ton thi gian c nh n, b qua s chuyn i v ni chn9 & 13 trong s IC1 ti chn thch hp (ca) IC2. . S khi ng li (ca) mch khng tc thi. Vic y P2 bt buc IC2 dao ng rt nhanh chng, nhng n mt mt s giy kt thc s m, mt cch c bit nu mt thit b bm gi cao chm tr c la chn v nt n c vn hnh khi mch va mi bt u. reset nhanh, th thp hn gi tr (ca) R5, nhng s ch tin lng: mt gi tr qu thp c th dng s dao ng. . Thao tc Tn s thay i vi nhng hng danh ting khc (cho) IC2. E.G. Motorola l ICs c chy nhanh hn, bi vy thay i ca C1 v/ hoc R3 gi tr c th cn thit. . Bn c th cng s dng nhng chn 1, 2, 3 trong s IC2 thu c nhng s tnh ton thi gian ca 8, 16 (v) 32 pht tng ng. . B hin th LED 7 on n ch th 7 on: n ch th 7 on gm 7 diode pht quang (LED: Light Emission Diode) hay 7 ch th tinh th lng (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display). Mi bit c th hin bng mt on sng a, hoc b, hoc c... n g. C hai loi ch th 7 on: - Anot chung - Catot chung Nh 7 on sng ny ta c c 10 s thp phn t 0 n 9.

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Gii m BCD ra m 7 on: Khi b hin th LED 7 on c s dng rng ri, 1 con IC vi tn l "B gii m BCD sang 7 on" c pht trin nhm n gin ha vic s dng led 7 on. D liu nh dng kiu nh phn sau khi c IC s l s c hin th chnh xc ln mn hnh bng dng s tng ng (0-9). Mc d IC ny hot ng khng cn cht, nhng IC trong trng hp ny c sn cht 4bit (c s dng cho v d sau). v d ny cht c thit lp sao cho d liu nhp vo c th truyn thng sut qua b gii m.

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Trong s trn, kha SW0 n SW3 c s dng chn con s thch hp s xut hin trn LED.

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Chng ta c th dng PLC iu khin on mch tng t. Trong tng hp ny, PLC c 4 bit ng ra s iu khin c 1 mch nh th, 8 bit ng ra s iu khin c 2 mch, 16 bit ng ra iu khin c 4 mch,... Kt hp cc k t: Bng cch s dng cht 4 bit tch hp sng trong IC 4511, chng ta d dng biu din s nhiu ch s. Thng qua vic kim sot tt trng thi ca tng cht chng ta c th s dng cng lc ng nhp d liu la chn con s thch hp cho bng hin th mt cch c lp. Ch cn mt s iu chnh nh trong on mch, chng ta c th d dng x l tng con s ring bit nh l mt cm nh 4 bit (cha v duy tr d liu BCD).

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Theo s gin lc trn, mi mn hnh c thit lp tch ri. u tin, BCD tng ng vi con s thch hp c thit lp dng 4 kho d liu. Nu SW1 ng, d liu BCD s vo cht trn cng ca IC 4511, sau khi qua b gii m s hin ra s thch hp trn mn hnh. Nu SW1 m, kha s duy tr d liu hin ti, nhng s b qua bt k s thay i no. Con s s tip tc hin th trn LED trn cng cho n khi mt ngun, hoc SW1 ng li v d liu mi c cho php qua cht. B LED 7 on di c th c thit lp tng t hin th thm mt k t iu khin tc ca mt M t DC qua 8255

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Hnh-1 s ca H thng Trong mch ny iu khin vng lp ca mt m t DC c thit lp s dng mt b khuch i cng sut, b bin i digital sang analog, ba giao din s 8255, mt PC khch hng v mt PC Ngi phc v tng t. Mch DAC, m kim sot bi my tnh ngi phc v qua giao din s 8255, s c s dng kim sot tc ca mt m t DC bng vic thay i in p i n b khuch i cng sut. in p i vo trong m t t s cung cp nng lng gia 0 v+5 V. Vai tr ca mch khuch i cng sut s cung cp dng cn thit, vn hnh m t. My tnh khch hng, giao tip vi my tnh ngi phc v qua truyn thng Ethernet v l giao din GUI kim sot tc ca m t. C th c vi my tnh khch hng c kt ni ti ngi phc v, tuy nhin, v ng dng ny l ch c mt. Thnh phn winsock c s dng trong m Visual Basic cung cp nhng thao tc ngi phc v/ khch hng Ni chung, trang thit b ny c mt s thnh phn c bn sau:

28

a b c d e f

Ngi phc v Phn mm giao din vi thit b c kh, v Internet. Khch hng Phn mm giao din vi ngi s dng, v Internet. 8255- 8- bt u ra. S i vi B bin i Tng t chuyn 8- bt s vo trong mt 0-5 VDC . B khuch i cng sut iu chnh dng in vo trong m t. . M t .

Trang thit b Internet ny yu cu vi thnh phn c-in t: mt 8255 th ti giao din PC ngi phc v vi nhng mch iu khin m t DC. Mc ch ca th 8255 s cung cp mt giao din gia nhng PC ngi phc v v mch iu khin m t DC Mch dao ng 555 S mch:

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IC 555 c thit k n gin bao gm b so snh in p, flip flop v transistor x in. tuy cu to n gin nhng n l linh kin quan trng v c s dng rng ri trong k thut in t. Ba in tr c ni ni tip vi nhau v ni vi u vo ngun VCC, b ngun VCC chia in p cho ba in tr ny. 1/3 in p VCC c chn dng ca con opamp th nht (COMP1) v 2/3 in p VCC c a vo chn m ca con opamp th hai (COMP2). Khi in p vo chn TRIGGER (chn 2 ca IC 555) nh hn 1/3 in p VCC, chn S ca flip flop chuyn sang mc cao v flip flop set. Khi in p chn THRESHOLD (chn 6 ca IC 555) ln hn 2/3 VCC th chn R ca flip flop l tch cc v flip flop c reset. Gii thch s dao ng:

30

Gi s khi c cung cp in p VCC, ng ra Q ca flip flop l tch cc (H) cn ng ra

mc thp (L). Do , transistor tt, dng in t VCC qua Ra v Rb n t in C. T C np in. in p ti im X ban u l 0V. V in p VX < V1 (ca COMP1) nn chn S ca Flip flop tr thnh tch cc (H) ng ra Q cng tch cc (H)

mc thp (L). Mt khc, v VX < V2 (COMP2), u ra COMP2 mc thp (L), flip flop hot ng n nh ch ny.

Khi in p ti im X ln hn in p V1 (VX > 1/3 VCC) ca COMP1, th u ra ca COMP1 l mc thp (L). tuy nhin, s thay i ny khng lm thay i trng thi hot ng hin ti ca flip flop. Khi VX > V2 (VX > 2/3 VCC), u ra ca COMP2 tch cc (H), chn R ca flip flop cng tch cc lm thay i trng thi hot ng ca flip flop. Ng ra Q l mc thp, cn ng

31

l tch cc. Lc ny, transistor c kch dn, dng in khng cn qua t C na, v t bt u x qua Rb v transistor. in p VX gim dn, n khi VX < V2, u ra ca COMP2 chuyn sang mc thp, s thay i ny khng lm thay i trng thi ca flip flop.

in p VX gim khi t x, khi VX V1,u ra ca COMP1 tr thnh tch cc (H) chn S ca flip flop cng tch cc. Ng ra Q ca FF l mc cao, ngc li

l mc thp. Do , transistor tt, t ngng x, dng in chy qua t, t li np, in p VX tng dn.Qu trnh c lp li nh lc u. Khi t in np, n np qua 2 in tr Ra v Rb, cn khi x, t ch x qua Rb. Nh vy thi gian np v thi gian x l khc nhau, tn hiu dao ng khng u. lm gim s khc nhau , thng thng ta chn Rb >> Ra (Ra 0). Mch iu khin t xa s dng in thoi

S iu khin t xa s dng in thoi

32

y l mt mch t xa m cho php chuyn mch' On ' v ' Off ' ca nhng thit b qua nhng ng dy in thoi. N c th c dng bt tt nhng thit b t bt k khong cch no, khc phc phm vi hn ch ca tia hng ngoi v nhng s iu khin t xa rai. Mch c m t y c th c dng hot ng 9 thit b (tng ng ti nhng ch s t 1 n 9 trong s in thoi). DTMF tn hiu trn dng c in thoi c s dng nh l tn hiu iu khin. Ch s' 0' trong kiu DTMF c dng lin kt gia kiu trang thit b v kiu thao tc in thoi bnh thng. Nh vy in thoi cng c th c dng bt hay tt nhng trang thit b trong khi n c dng cho cuc ni chuyn bnh thng. Mch s dng KT3170 IC (b bin i DTMF -to- BCD) 74154 (DMUX 4- 16), v nm con IC CD4013 (D flip-flop). S hot ng ca mch nh sau: +Trc tin l mt lnh thit lp (sau vic nghe thy cng c li m thanh), s 0' trong kiu DTMF. IC1 gii m iu ny nh' 1010,' qua IC2 DMUX khi u ra 010 ( Ti cht 11) ca IC2 (74154). Ng ra tch cc mc thp ca IC2, sau o ngc bi mt cng bin i cc ca IC3 (CD4049), tr nn lgic 1. Ci ny c dng ni FF-1 v r le RL1 c cung cp nng lng. R le RL1 c hai tip xc o ln, RL1(a) v RL1(b). Kch thch m my RL1(a) nhng s tip xc cung cp mt 220-Ohm ngang qua ng dy in thoi trong khi RL1(b) nhng s tip xc tim thuc mt tn s 10 kHz trn dy, m ch bo ti ngi gi trang thit b kiu l s chn la. 220- vng 33

Ohm trn ng dy in thoi ngt kt ni chung t ng dy in thoi trong s trao i. Hng by gi c ni phng php lm vic trang thit b . Nu s 0' khng c quay s ( DTMF) sau khi thit lp cuc gi, ci vng tip tc v in thoi c th c s dng cho cuc ni chuyn bnh thng. Sau s chn lc ca phng php lm vic trang thit b, nu nhn s1' ca ch s c quay s, n c gii m bi IC1 v u ra 0001'. M BCD ny c demultiplexed bi IC2 (4 16) m c u ra tng ng, sau khi o ngc bi mt b phn bin i nghch o CD4049, i n lgic 1 trng thi. Xung ny mch FF tng ng xen k trng thi. u ra mch bp bnh c dng iu khin mt ci r le (RL2) m c th bt hay tt trang thit b c ni xuyn qua nhng s tip xc ca n. Bng vic quay s nhng ch s khc trong mt cch tng t, nhng trang thit b khc c th cng c chuyn' m ' hay ' tt '. +Mt ln thao tc o mch qua, 220- in tr vng Ohm v 10 kHz m thanh cn c loi b t ng dy in thoi. t c iu ny, 0' ca ch s (trong kiu DTMF) c quay s ln na ko flip-flop-1 kh t r le RL1, m kt thc vng trn hng v tn s 10 kHz cng ri ra(in b cp). ng dy in thoi nh vy ln na c t ra t do nhn c nhng s gi bnh thng.Mch ny s c ni trong ng song song ti dng c in thoi . H THNG BO NG KCH HOT NC

I.S MCH

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II.LINH KIN IC 555 Transistor BC109C in tr 100K; 4.7K T n 100uF; 0,022uF Loa Ngun DC 9V Contacts Kho III.NGUYN L HOT NG Mch s dng mt IC 555 c ni vi b dao ng v ngun cung cp l ngun dng emiter ca transistor BC109C.Khi iu kin kh ro, th transistor khng c dng phn cc nn transistor khng dn ,do chn s 8 (Vcc) ca IC555 khng c ni vi ngun.Khi u d b t,th c mt dng in chy gia cc base v cc emiter ca trasistor v kha ca transistor s bt 35

ln,transistor dn.Mt dng in ln hn t cc colector xung cc emiter , to tn hiu xung kch vo IC555 v loa s ku ln. Kha ON/OFF l b phn cung cp ngun v bn phi nh dng kim loi khng phn ng cjo ti xc vi u d.C th dng kim loi vng hoc bc bc u d t mt rle.Tuy nhin ,kim lai vng v bc s c thay th kinh t hn bng cch dng t mu veroboard. Chnh s thay th ny s lm cho kim loi khng b xy ha,nhng khi s hn ch dng chy qua cc base,chnh nguyn nhn tr khng cao lm cho s xy ha khng cn quan trng. in tr cc base khng cn thit ,tr khng dng l ti cc emiter ca transistor. CNG BO NG I .S MCH

II. LINH KIN 36

IC4093B in tr :10K ;38K ;100K Bin tr VR1 100K T in :10nF,10F,100F Kha Sw1,Sw2,Sw3,Sw4 Diode: 1N4148 Ngun DC 9V_15V chung III .NGUYN L HOT NG Hnh 1 l s nguyn l ca cng bo ng n gin c cp ngun DC 9V_15V.IC1a l b dao ng nhanh,IC1b l b dao ng chm,m c kt ni vi IC1c pht ra mt ting ku mi khi cng c m(ca s).Mch d nh khng pht ra nhiu ting ku m cn a ra li cnh bo kh n tng:"Bn c ch ".R1 v D1 c th b b qua v tr s ca R2 c th c c gim , cng bo ng pht ra nhiu m thanh hn nh l li cnh bo.Bin tr R1 dng thay i tn s ca m thanh pht ra. IC1d l mt thit b hn gi ,chnh nh iu ny m cng bo ng c th pht ra t 20 n 30 ting ku khi c ngi i qua n tr khi n im hn, iu chng t :"cng bo ng th thng minh hn mt thit b n gin khc".C th thay chung S1 bng mt n Led,m n Led ny phi c mc ni tip vi mt in tr c gi tr khong 1K CHUNG IN T Mch s dng mt chip tng hp m thanh HT-2811.N s pht ra ting Ding-Dong khi chung ca reo.ng thi mch cng c mt IC m CMOS 4026 m s ngi qua. - S mch:

37

- Mc in p hot ng ca HT -2811 nm trong khong t 2.4 3.3 Vdc v dng l cc tiu.Tip im thng h Reset m v 0,mt b phn m n 7 c mc cathode chung.Cc gi tr m s c lu trong b nh. - S chn ca IC4026:

38

Chn 1: ng vo xung clock Chn 2 :clock enable Chn 3 isplay enable

Chn 4: ng ra enable c nh Chn 5:ng ra c nh Chn 6 :hin th F,chn 7:hin th g Chn 8:mass Chn 9: chn hin th d .chn 10: chn hin th a Chn 11:hin th e ,Chn 12 hin th b Chn 13:hin th c ,Chn 14 : 2 out, chn 15 l chn reset,chn 16 ni ngun dng. Mch chung gm c tr 220K 330K v t 3.3u v 4.7u,cc gi tr ny do nh sn xut qui nh nhng n c th thay i ko di thi gian ca chung.S kt hp ca tr 2K2 , 22K v t 47u s lm tnh nng mch tng ln gp i.N s l mt mch hm khi nhn chung v n s mc n nh trong mt thi hng kh di.Chc chn l k hi bt c mt ngi no nhn chung ca mt cch t ngt th IC m s m ln 1 ln.T 47u c th tng gi tr nu cn thit. Mch c th m ln n 99 nu ghp 2 IC CMOS 4026 v thm mt b m n 7.iu ny c th thc hin nn chn s 5 ca IC th nht ni vi chn s 1 ca IC th 2 (ng vo xung clock.

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