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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
n(a, b) l:
a( x x0 ) b( y y0 ) 0 a( x x0 ) b( y y0 ) 0 ax by c 0, a 2 b2 0 .
x y
1.
a b
a1 b1
.
a2 b2
a
b c
1 2 1 1 1 .
a2 b2 c2
a
b c
1 2 1 1 1 .
a2 b2 c2
1 ct 2
x x0 at
u (a; b) l:
(a 2 b 2 0) .
y y0 bt
x x0 y y0
,(a, b 0) .
u (a; b) l:
a
b
----------------------------------------------------Page 1-------------------------------------------------------Vinh quang nht khng phi l khng bao gi ng m l bit ng dy sau mi ln ng.
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
VTPT n(a, b) l:
a( x x0 ) b( y y0 ) 0 a( x x0 ) b( y y0 ) 0 ax by c 0, a 2 b2 0 .
. Cch 2:
x x0 at
(a 2 b 2 0) .
y y0 bt
VTCP u (a; b) l:
x x0 y y0
I ( x0 , y0 ) v c VTCP u (a; b) l:
.
a
b
c bit,
d i qua hai im A( x A , y A ), B( xB , y B ) th c VTCP
u AB ( xB x A ; y B y A ) .
d c h s gc k th d c VTCP u (1; k ) .
. Ch :
ng thng ct 2 trc ta th chn dng phng trnh on chn.
--------------------------------------------------Page 2-----------------------------------------------------Ngi c hc khng phi l ngi bit nhiu m l ngi bit r nhng g mnh phi bit v
hiu r nhng g mnh bit.
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
b.
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
a.
c.
x 5 y 1
.
2
7
c. d : x 3
d. d :
x 2 y 1
.
5
3
x2 y3
.
1
2
----------------------------------------------------Page 3-------------------------------------------------------Vinh quang nht khng phi l khng bao gi ng m l bit ng dy sau mi ln ng.
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
a1 x b1 y c1 0
(I) .
a2 x b2 y c2 0
Nu h (I) c mt nghim th 1 ct 2 .
Nu h (I) v nghim th 1 2 .
Nu h (I) c v s nghim th 1 2 .
c bit, Nu a2b2c2 0 th:
a1 b1
.
a2 b2
a
b c
1 2 1 1 1 .
a2 b2 c2
a
b c
1 2 1 1 1 .
a2 b2 c2
1 ct 2
n1 .n2 0
Hai ng thng 1 2
.
u1 .u2 0
Ba ng thng d1 , d 2 , d 3 ng quy khi v ch khi giao im A ca d1 , d 2
thuc ng thng d3 .
--------------------------------------------------Page 4-----------------------------------------------------Ngi c hc khng phi l ngi bit nhiu m l ngi bit r nhng g mnh phi bit v
hiu r nhng g mnh bit.
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
3
2
b. d : x 3 y 4 0 v d ' : x y 4 0 .
3
2
c. d :10 x 2 y 3 0 v d ' : 5 x y 0 .
14. Xt v tr tng i v tm giao im nu c ca 2 ng thng:
x 1 5t
x 6 5t '
v d ':
.
y 2 4t
y 2 4t '
x 1 4t
b. d :
v d ': 2 x 4 y 10 0 .
y 2 2t
x 2 t
x y3
c. d :
v d ' :
.
1
2
y 2 2t
a. d :
b. Tm giao im ca d1 , d 2 .
x 2 2t
.
y 3t
----------------------------------------------------Page 5-------------------------------------------------------Vinh quang nht khng phi l khng bao gi ng m l bit ng dy sau mi ln ng.
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
1
1
nh nht.
2
OA OB 2
bt c
d : ax by c 0 th H d H t ;
;t .
hoc H
b
a
th
a
b
H d H x0 at; y0 bt .
d ':
xH
2
H ; .
y
y
A
A
'
y
H
2
--------------------------------------------------Page 6-----------------------------------------------------Ngi c hc khng phi l ngi bit nhiu m l ngi bit r nhng g mnh phi bit v
hiu r nhng g mnh bit.
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
.Cch 1:
Ly mt im c th A thuc d.
Tm im B i xng vi A qua I th B thuc d.
Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua I v nhn VTPT ca d lm VTPT.
.Cch 2:
Ly M ( x; y ) bt k thuc d.
Gi M '( x '; y ') l im i xng ca M qua I
x x'
2 x 2 xI x ' .
y y y ' y 2 yI y '
I
2
a. d :
b. d :
x 1 y
3
4
c. d : 5 x 12 y 10 0 .
----------------------------------------------------Page 7-------------------------------------------------------Vinh quang nht khng phi l khng bao gi ng m l bit ng dy sau mi ln ng.
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
AB
AC
x kxC
y kyC
D xD B
; yD B
1 k
1 k
.Ch :
Khi cho:
- Phng trnh ng phn gic : t 1im c th dng vung gc vi
ng phn gic.
- Phng trnh ng trung tuyn: dng im tng qut.
- Phng trnh ng cao: ta vit c phng trnh ng thng.
32. Cho ABC c phng trnh 3 cnh AB : 2 x 3 y 1 0 , BC : x 3 y 7 0 ,
CA : 5 x 2 y 1 0 . Vit phng trnh ng cao BH.
33. Cho ABC bit A(1; 4) , B(3; 1) , C (6; 2) .
a. Vit phng trnh cc ng thng AB, BC, CA.
b. Vit phng trnh ng cao AH v phng trnh trung tuyn AM.
34. Cho ABC bit AB : x 3 y 11 0 , ng cao AH : 3 x 7 y 15 0 , ng cao
BH : 3 x 5 y 13 0 . Vit phng trnh cc ng thng AC, BC.
35. Cho ABC c A(2;3) v hai ng trung tuyn BM : 2 x y 1 0 ,
CN : x y 4 0 . Vit phng trnh 3 ng thng cha cc cnh ca tam gic.
36. Cho ABC c trng tm G (3;5) v phng trnh AB : 2 x 3 y 1 0 ,
AC : 4 x y 5 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic.
--------------------------------------------------Page 8-----------------------------------------------------Ngi c hc khng phi l ngi bit nhiu m l ngi bit r nhng g mnh phi bit v
hiu r nhng g mnh bit.
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
----------------------------------------------------Page 9-------------------------------------------------------Vinh quang nht khng phi l khng bao gi ng m l bit ng dy sau mi ln ng.
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
. KHONG CCH V GC
A. KIN THC C BN
Khong cch t im M 0 ( x0 ; y0 ) n ng thng : ax by c 0 c
ax0 by0 c
a2 b2
V tr ca hai im M ( xM ; yM ), N ( xN ; y N ) i vi ng thng
: ax by c 0 ( ( M , N ) :
2
1
a b
a2 x b2 y c2
a22 b22
a1a2 b1b2
a12 b12 . a22 b22
cos(1 , 2 ) cos(u1 , u2 ) cos(n1 , n2 ) .
Gc A ca ABC l gc gia hai vect AB, AC .
Khong cch gia hai im A( x A ; y A ), B( xB , yB ) l:
AB ( xB x A )2 ( yB y A )2 .
ax0 by0 c
a2 b2
.Ch :
tnh khong cch t im M 0 ( x0 ; y0 ) n ng thng th ng thng
phi vit di dng phng trnh tng qut.
--------------------------------------------------Page 10-----------------------------------------------------Ngi c hc khng phi l ngi bit nhiu m l ngi bit r nhng g mnh phi bit v
hiu r nhng g mnh bit.
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
b. d : 3 x y 1 0 v d ' : x 0 .
c. d : 3 x 2 y 1 0 v d ': 2 x 3 y 8 0 .
d. d :
x t
v
y 3 2t
x 1 3t '
.
d ':
y t '
x 4 2t
v d ': 2 x y 6 0 .
e. d :
y t
49. Cho hai ng thng d1 : (m 1) x (m 1) y 5 0 v d 2 : mx y 2 0 .
a. d :
x 1 2t
.
y 2 5t
b. d ':
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
--------------------------------------------------Page 12-----------------------------------------------------Ngi c hc khng phi l ngi bit nhiu m l ngi bit r nhng g mnh phi bit v
hiu r nhng g mnh bit.
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
. BI TP TNG HP
77. Tm im M trn ng thng d : x y 2 0 , cch u hai im E (0; 4) v
F (4; 9) .
x 2 2t
v im M (3;1) .
y 1 2t
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Created by Nguyn Vn Rin----------------------------------------------------Phng php ta trong mt phng
Tm im O i xng vi O qua .
b. Tm im M trn sao cho di ca on gp khc OMA ngn nht.
86. Cc cnh ca ABC c cho bi AB : x y 4 , BC : 3x y 0 v
AC : x 3 y 8 0 .
a. Tnh cc gc ca ABC .
b. Tnh chu vi v din tch ABC .
c. Tnh di cc bn knh r, R ca ng trn n tip v ng trn ngoi tip
ABC .
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Phng php ta trong mt phng---------------------------------------------------- Created by Nguyn Vn Rin
10 3
; )
3 4
(S: C
(S: C (7;3), C
ABC vung cn ti A.
3 5
3 5
11 3
(S: B ; , C ; ; B ; , C ; )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
------------------HT-------------
----------------------------------------------------Page 15-------------------------------------------------------Vinh quang nht khng phi l khng bao gi ng m l bit ng dy sau mi ln ng.