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NGHIN CU XC NH NG THI HM LNG Cd, Zn V Pb TRONG NC THI KHU CNG NGHIP HA KHNH, LIN CHIU, NNG BNG PHNG

G PHP VON - AMPE HA TAN


A STUDY ON CONCURRENT DETERMINATION OF Cd, Zn AND Pb IN THE WASTE WATER OF HOA KHANH INDUSTRIAL ZONE, LIEN CHIEU DISTRIC, DA NANG CITY BY ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRIC METHOD
L TH MI Trng i hc S phm, i hc Nng

TM TT Nc thi cng nghip l mt h d th phc tp bao gm nhiu cht v c v hu c tn ti nhiu trng thi khc nhau, trong phi k n hm lng kim loi nng. Kt qu phn tch bng phng php Von- Ampe ha tan trn thc t cho thy cc x nghip, nh my thuc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh, qun Lin Chiu, thnh ph Nng thi vo mi trng mt lng Zn, Cd v Pb ng k. ABSTRACT Industrial waste water is a complicated heterogeneous system containing organic and inorganic compounds in different state, among which were heavy metals. The analysis results by anodic stripping voltammetric method show that the considered content of heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Pb was obtained in waste water of some fabrics, factories of Hoa Khanh industrial zone, Lien Chieu distric, Da Nang city.

1. M U Khu cng nghip Ha Khnh c din tch 423,4 ha tp trung cc x nghip thuc ngnh cng nghip nh: c kh, lp rp, ch bin nng lm hi sn, vt liu xy dng cao cp, may mc, in t, sn phm sau ha nh bao b, nha quy m va v nh. Kh c th thng k c v s phn loi rch ri v thnh phn ha hc ca nc thi cng nghip. Tuy nhin s nhim bn bi cc cht c hi v kim loi nng trong nc thi Khu cng nghip Ha Khnh l iu khng th trnh khi [2, 3]. Trong bi bo ny chng ti trnh by phng php v kt qu nghin cu xc nh ng thi hm lng kim loi Zn, Cd v Pb trong nc thi cng nghip bng phng php Von-ampe ha tan kt hp vi xung vi phn (DPP) trn in cc mng thy ngn. 2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP THC NGHIM 2.1. Thit b, dng c, ha cht 2.1.1. Thit b, dng c: - My cc ph CPA - HHA gn vi computer chuyn dng do phng ng dng my tnh Vin Ha hc Trung tm Khoa hc T nhin v Cng ngh Quc gia ch to vi in cc mng thy ngn iu ch ti ch. - Pipt chia n 0,02ml; 0,1ml. 2.1.2. Ha cht.

Cc ha cht thuc loi tinh khit ha hc ca Cng ha Php, Cng ha c: Zn 2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, KCl, NaCl, HCl, HNO3, NH4SCN, nc ct hai ln. 2.2. Ly mu v x l mu Cc mu nc thi c ly cc cng nc thi thuc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh theo hng dn ca TCVN [6] trong thng 5/2006. Mu nc ng trong chai nha polyetylen v c x l s b bng HNO3 hoc HCl c. 2.3. Phng php phn tch ha hc Trong ti ny phn tch hm lng kim loi nng trong nc thi cng nghip chng ti s dng phng php Von- Ampe ha tan kt hp vi xung vi phn trn in cc mng thy ngn iu ch ti ch. 3. KT QU V THO LUN Trong mt s ti liu [1, 5] ngi ta xc nh hm lng cc kim loi nng bng phng php Von-ampe kt hp vi DPP trong tng mu ring bit vi mi trng, cht nn khc nhau, nh vy va mt thi gian va hao ph ha cht. Trong ti ny chng ti nghin cu phng php xc nh ng thi hm lng Zn, Cd, Pb trong cng mt mu nhng vn m bo nhy, chnh xc v lp li cao. 3.1. Lp dng phng php phn tch Trong phng php Von-ampe ha tan kt hp vi DPP, tn hiu phn tch thu c di dng pc, pc cng cn i chnh xc cng cao. Trong cc yu t c nh hng n mc cn i v chiu cao ca pc th cht nn v mi trng l hai yu t nh hng mnh nht. V vy chng ti tin hnh kho st mt s nn v axt thng thng nh KCl, NH4SCN, NaCl, HCl, HNO3. Sau khi tm c cht nn v axt thch hp chng ti tin hnh kho st nng ti u ca chng. Sau y l nhng iu kin ti u xc nh Zn2+, Cd2+ v Pb2+ bng phng php Von-ampe kt hp vi DPP. Ion Zn2+ Cd2+ Pb2+ Dung dch nn Mi trng Thi gian in phn Thi gian ngh NH4SCN 0,2M NH4SCN 0,2M NH4SCN 0,2M HNO3 0,0125M HNO3 0,0300M HNO3 0,0125M 60s 60s 60s 10s 10s 10s

Trong cc loi nc, c bit l nc thi cng nghip lun tn ti ng thi mt s cc kim loi nng khc nhau, v vy nh hng ca cc kim loi khc nhau n vic xc nh Zn, Cd, Pb c nghin cu k. Kt qu nghin cu trn mu gi nc cho thy rng khi xc nh Cd2+ th pc ca Pb hu nh khng nh hng n pc ha tan Cd, khi nng ca Pb2+ ln gp hn 10 ln nng Cd2+ th cng dng c gim cht t. Tuy nhin hm lng Pb2+ trong nc thng rt nh cho nn c th xc nh Cd khi c mt Pb. Khi c mt ion Cu2+ th chiu cao pc ha tan ca Cd gim mnh n khi nng ca 2+ Cu l 6ppm th pc ha tan ca Cd hu nh bin mt. Do vy loi tr nh hng ca ion Cu2+ chng ti thu hp khong in hot t -1,3V n -0,2V. S c mt ca Zn2+ gn nh khng nh hng n pc ha tan ca Cd. Tng t nh i vi ion Cd2+, chng ti kho st s nh hng ca Cd, Pb, Cu ln pc ha tan Zn, nh hng ca Zn, Cd, Cu ln pc ha tan ca Pb. Kt qu cho thy s c mt ca Pb, Cd v Cu lm gim mnh chiu cao pc ha tan ca Zn, cho nn chng ti thu hp khong in hot t -1,3V n -0,8V. Cui cng, kt qu kho st cho thy Cd v Zn khng

nh hng n pc ha tan ca Pb nhng s c mt ca Cu 2+ li nh hng mnh n pc ha tan ca Pb cho nn chng ti thu hp khong in hot t -1,3V n -0,2V. Nh vy kt qu kho st nh hng ca cc kim loi ln nhau dn n khong in hot s l: Ion Cd2+ Zn2+ Pb2+ Khong in hot -1,3V -0,2V -1,3V -0,8V -1,3V -0,2V

Trn c s cc iu kin ti u chn, chng ti tin hnh xc nh sai s thng k ca phng php vi nm ln th nghim. Kt qu phn tch cho thy phng php c sai s nh, tc chnh xc cao v h s bin ng nh, chng t lp li tt. Bng 1. Mt s gi tr nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php H s bin ng CV 0,98 0,94 1,07 Cht Zn2+ Cd2+ Pb2+ Phng sai S2 0,885 0,79 1,03 lch chun S 0,94 0,89 1,01 Khong chnh xc tin cy 1,17 1,10 1,26 Sai s tng i % 1,22 1,16 1,33

Da trn kt qu kho st trn, chng ti lp dng quy trnh phn tch Zn, Cd v Pb trong cng mt mu nc thi (hnh 1). 200ml mu H2O x l s b - C cn n kh Cn kh - 0,5ml H2SO4 c v HNO3 c n 2ml - 0,5ml H2O2 v 1ml HCl c v c cn - 10ml H2O ct (2 ln) - C cn Cn kh - nh mc bng dung dch NH4SCN 0,2M; HNO3 0,125M v Hg2+ 10-3 M Xc nh Zn2+ , Pb2+ v Cd2+ bng phng php Von-ampe ha tan xung DPP trn in cc mng thy ngn Hnh 1. S phn tch Zn2+ , Pb2+ v Cd2+ trong nc thi cng nghip

3.2. Phn tch hm lng Zn2+, Cd2+ v Pb2+ trong mu thc t p dng quy trnh c lp dng trn, chng ti tin hnh xc nh hm lng Cd2+, Zn2+ v Pb2+ trong mt s mu nc thi thuc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh. Kt qu c th hin trong bng 2, pic ha tan thu c trn hnh 2

Mu 2

Mu 4
Pic ha tan Zn

Mu 5

Mu 2

Mu 3

Mu 4
Pic ha tan Cd v Pb

Mu 6

Hnh 2. Pic ha tan Zn, Cd v Pb ca mt s mu nc thi cng nghip Bng 2. Kt qu phn tch Cd2+, Zn2+ v Pb2+ trong mt s mu nc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh Mu 1 2 a im ly mu Cng thi pha Nam Bu Trm Nc ti h Bu Trm bn cnh KCN Thi gian 02/5/2006 02/5/2006 Cd2+ (ppm) 0,082 0,057 Zn2+ (ppm) 0,257 0,086 Pb2+ (ppm) 0,125 0,077

3 4 5 6

Cng nc thi gn cng ty TNHH sn xut thp Tn Quc Nc cng thi pha Ty KCN Cng thi ca Cng ty lp rp xe my DEAHAN Cng thi ca nh my xi mng COSEVCO

02/5/2006 22/5/2006 22/5/2006 22/5/2006

0,089 0,072 0,090 0,069

0,310 0,170 2,030 0,173

0,180 0,150 0,218 0,070

T kt qu trn bng cho thy: - Hm lng Cd2+ nm trong khong: 0.057 ppm 0,090 ppm. - Hm lng Zn2+ nm trong khong: 0,173 ppm 2,030 ppm. - Hm lng Pb2+ nm trong khong: 0,070 ppm 0,218 ppm. Nh vy hm lng Cd, Zn v Pb trong nc thi khu cng nghip Ha Khnh tng i ln, xp x vi tiu chun cho php ca Vit Nam, c bit cc mu 3,4,5 b nhim Pb2+ kh nng so vi tiu chun Vit Nam. Mc d cc nh my, x nghip lin doanh c cc h thng x l nc thi nhng cha trit . V vy bo v mi trng, m bo s pht trin ca sn xut, cn thit phi u t hp l cho vic x l nc thi. 4. KT LUN - Dng phng php Vn-ampe kt hp vi xung vi phn c th xc nh ng thi Cd, Zn v Pb trong cng mt mu vi lp li v nhy kh cao. - nghin cu tm ra iu kin ti u v trn c s lp dng c phng php xc nh ng thi hm lng Cd, Zn v Pb trong mt mu nc thi cng nghip. - p dng phng php lp dng xc nh hm lng Cd, Zn v Pb trong mt s mu nc thi ca cc x nghip, nh my thuc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh. TI LIU THAM KHO L Lan Anh, L Quc Hng, T Vng Nghi, Tp ch ha hc, T.31, s 3, 1993. Trn Hng Cn, ng Kim Loan, Chu Th Thu Hin, Kim loi nng trong mi trng nc. Mt s kt qu phn tch v nh gi ti khu vc H Ni, Hi ngh khoa hc phn tch ha l v sinh hc Vit Nam ln th nht, 2000. Trn c H, Kim loi nng trong nc thi cng nghip khu vc pha Bc v cc bin php x l. Tuyn tp cng trnh khoa hc - i hc Xy dng H Ni, trang 15-26, 2000. L Vn Khoa, Phng php phn tch t nc, phn bn, cy trng. NXB Gio dc - H Ni, 2000. Trn Th Thu Nguyt, Trn Thu Qunh - T Vng Nghi, Nghin cu xc nh mt s kim loi nng trong nc bng phng php Vn-ampe ha tan dng bnh in ha dng chy. Tp ch phn tch ha l v sinh hc, Tp 4, s 3, 1999. TCVN 4556-88 (1989), Nc thi, phng php ly mu, vn chuyn v bo qun mu.

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