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M hnh OSI
Xem cc ngha khc ti OSI
M hnh OSI 7 Tng ng dng 6 Tng trnh din 5 Tng phin 4 Tng giao vn 3 Tng mng 2 Tng lin kt d liu Tng con LLC Tng con MAC 1 Tng vt l
M hnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, vit ngn l OSI Model hoc OSI Reference Model) - tm dch l M hnh tham chiu kt ni cc h thng m - l mt thit k da vo nguyn l tng cp, l gii mt cch tru tng k thut kt ni truyn thng gia cc my vi tnh v thit k giao thc mng gia chng. M hnh ny c pht trin thnh mt phn trong k hoch Kt ni cc h thng m (Open Systems Interconnection) do ISO v IUT-T khi xng. N cn c gi l M hnh by tng ca OSI.
Mc ch
M hnh OSI phn chia chc nng ca mt giao thc ra thnh mt chui cc tng cp. Mi mt tng cp c mt c tnh l n ch s dng chc nng ca tng di n, ng thi ch cho php tng trn s dng cc chc nng ca mnh. Mt h thng ci t cc giao thc bao gm mt chui cc tng ni trn c gi l "chng giao thc" (protocol stack). Chng giao thc c th c ci t trn phn cng, hoc phn mm, hoc l t hp ca c hai. Thng thng th ch c nhng tng thp hn l c ci t trong phn cng, cn nhng tng khc c ci t trong phn mm. M hnh OSI ny ch c ngnh cng nghip mng v cng ngh thng tin tn trng mt cch tng i. Tnh nng chnh ca n l quy nh v giao din gia cc tng cp, tc qui nh c t v phng php cc tng lin lc vi nhau. iu ny c ngha l cho d cc tng cp c son tho v thit k bi cc nh sn xut, hoc cng ty, khc nhau nhng khi c lp rp li, chng s lm vic mt cch dung ha (vi gi thit l cc c t c thu o mt cch ng n). Trong cng ng TCP/IP, cc c t ny thng c bit n vi ci tn RFC (Requests for Comments, dch st l " ngh duyt tho v bnh lun"). Trong cng ng OSI, chng l cc tiu chun ISO (ISO standards). Thng th nhng phn thc thi ca giao thc s c sp xp theo tng cp, tng t nh c t ca giao thc ra, song bn cnh , c nhng trng hp ngoi l, cn c gi l "ng ct ngn" (fast path). Trong kin to "ng ct ngn", cc giao dch thng dng nht, m h thng cho php, c ci t nh mt thnh phn n, trong tnh nng ca nhiu tng c gp li lm mt. Vic phn chia hp l cc chc nng ca giao thc khin vic suy xt v chc nng v hot ng ca cc chng giao thc d dng hn, t to iu kin cho vic thit k cc chng giao thc t m, chi tit, song c tin cy cao. Mi tng cp thi hnh v cung cp cc dch v cho tng ngay trn n, ng thi i hi dch v ca tng ngay di n. Nh ni trn, mt thc thi bao gm nhiu tng cp trong m hnh OSI, thng c gi l mt "chng giao thc" (v d nh chng giao thc TCP/IP).
M hnh OSI M hnh tham chiu OSI l mt cu trc ph h c 7 tng, n xc nh cc yu cu cho s giao tip gia hai my tnh. M hnh ny c nh ngha bi T chc tiu chun ho quc t (International Organization for Standardization) trong tiu chun s 7498-1 [1] ( ISO standard 7498-1 [1]). Mc ch ca m hnh l cho php s tng giao (interoperability) gia cc h my (platform) a dng c cung cp bi cc nh sn xut khc nhau. M hnh cho php tt c cc thnh phn ca mng hot ng ha ng, bt k thnh phn y do ai to dng. Vo nhng nm cui thp nin 1980, ISO tin c vic thc thi m hnh OSI nh mt tiu chun mng. Ti thi im , TCP/IP c s dng ph bin trong nhiu nm. TCP/IP l nn tng ca ARPANET, v cc mng khc - l nhng ci c tin ha v tr thnh Internet. (Xin xem thm RFC 871 [2] bit c s khc bit ch yu gia TCP/IP v ARPANET.) Hin nay ch c mt phn ca m hnh OSI c s dng. Nhiu ngi tin rng i b phn cc c t ca OSI qu phc tp v vic ci t y cc chc nng ca n s i hi mt lng thi gian qu di, cho d c nhiu ngi nhit tnh ng h m hnh OSI i chng na. Mt khc, c nhiu ngi li cho rng, u im ng k nht trong ton b c gng ca cng trnh mng truyn thng ca ISO l n tht bi trc khi gy ra qu nhiu tn tht.
M hnh OSI
M hnh OSI
Cc giao din
Ngoi cc tiu chun i vi tng giao thc v truyn ti d liu, cn c cc tiu chun giao din cho cc tng cp khc nhau hi thoi vi tng cp trn hoc di n (thng phc thuc vo h iu hnh c th ang c s dng). V d, Winsock ca Microsoft Windows, Berkeley sockets ca Unix v Giao din tng chuyn ti (Transport Layer Interface) ca System V l nhng giao din gia cc trnh ng dng (tng 5 tr ln) v tng giao vn (tng 4). NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification - c t Giao din iu vn Mng) v ODI (Open Data-Link Interface - Giao din Lin kt D liu M) l cc giao din gia phng tin truyn (media) (tng 2) v giao thc mng (tng 3). thong tin nay co chinh xac hay khong vay
Bng lit k cc th d
Tng Tn # Cc th d khc nhau B TCP/IP SS7 B AppleTalk B OSI B IPX SNA UMTS
7 ng dng
AFP
APPC
TDI, ASCII, EBCDIC, MIDI, MPEG Named Pipes, NetBIOS, SAP, SDP
AFP
Session establishment for TCP TCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP IP, ICMP, IPsec, ARP, RIP, BGP MTP-3, SCCP
NWLink
DLC?
NetBEUI
ATP, NBP, AEP, TP0, TP1, TP2, RTMP TP3, TP4, OSPF DDP
SPX, RIP
NetBEUI, Q.931
2 Lin
Ethernet, 802.11 (WiFi), Token Ring, FDDI, PPP, HDLC, Q.921, Frame Relay, ATM, Fibre Channel
MTP-2
LocalTalk, TokenTalk, EtherTalk, AppleTalk Remote Access, PPP Localtalk on shielded, Localtalk on unshielded (PhoneNet)
1 Vt l
RS-232, V.35, V.34, Q.911, T1, E1, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, ISDN, POTS, SONET, DSL, 802.11b, 802.11g
MTP-1
M hnh OSI
This is parallel of OSI and standard letter communication between two company managers
Hi hc
M hnh by tng cp trn thng c m rng thm di mt hnh thc hi hc, m ch n nhng nhan thng thng, khng c tnh k thut. Mt trong nhng tr a l m hnh 10 tng cp, trong tng 8 l tng "ngi dng", tng 9 l "ti chnh" v tng 10 l "chnh tr". K thut vin mng truyn thng thng m ch n nhng nhan ca ca tng th 8, ni tng ngi dng l tng c nhan , ch khng phi l mng. M hnh OSI cn c gi mt cch diu ct l "m hnh Taco Bell" (ca hng bn thc n Mexico), v ca hng n ny tng ni ting vi nhng ci bnh gi 7 lp burrito. Dick Lewis dng mt cu chuyn din t ip vin [[James Bond [3]] (007) phn pht mt thng ip mt] minh ha m hnh by tng.
M hnh OSI
Nhng cu d nh (Menmonics)
Tn ca by tng trong giao thc m hnh ca OSI (Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation v Application) c th c ghi nh nhanh chng bng cc cch vit tt sau: Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away [4] All People Seem To Need Data Processing[4] APS Transports Network Data Physically (separates upper and lower layer groups)[4] APS Turds Never Develop Pubes Please Do Not Tell Secret Passwords Anytime[4] A Perfect Student Needs To Drink Port Anh Phi Sng Ti Ngy ng Phng
Tham chiu
[1] [2] [3] [4] http:/ / standards. iso. org/ ittf/ PubliclyAvailableStandards/ s020269_ISO_IEC_7498-1_1994(E). zip http:/ / tools. ietf. org/ html/ 871 http:/ / www. lewistech. com/ rlewis/ Resources/ james. aspx http:/ / www. dummies. com/ WileyCDA/ DummiesArticle/ id-2264. html
Lin kt ngoi
ISO standard 7498-1:1994 (http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ s020269_ISO_IEC_7498-1_1994(E).zip) Cybertelecom :: Layered Model of Regulation (http://www.cybertelecom.org/broadband/layers.htm) OSI Model Tutorial (http://www.pcsupportadvisor.com/OSI_7_layer_model_page1.htm) OSI Model Tutorial In Flash (http://www.semsim.com/ccna/tutorial/osi/osi.html) ' OSI Reference ModelThe ISO Model of Architecture for Open Systems Interconnection (http://www. comsoc.org/livepubs/50_journals/pdf/RightsManagement_eid=136833.pdf), Hubert Zimmermann, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 28, no. 4, thng 4 nm 1980, pp. 425 - 432.
Ngun v ngi ng gp vo bi
Ngun v ngi ng gp vo bi
M hnh OSI Ngun: http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=4861771 Ngi ng gp: Apple, Avia, Bongdentoiac, Ctmt, Daubac402, Future ahead, Hai Dang Quang, Hoangvu 701, Mekong Bluesman, Ndp1007, Nguyn Thanh Quang, Quanghieuhcm, Sideduck, Thaibinhtt, Truong Manh An, Tttrung, Vietchau dn, Vinhtantran, 49 sa i v danh
Giy php
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