PHNG PHP PHN TCH MT S CH TIU VI SINH C BN CA THC PHM

1.

NH LNG VSV BNG PHNG PHP M i vi vsv n bo, ta c th xem mi khun lc l kt u im: nh lng c t bo sng Nhc im: tn nhiu thi gian, nhn lc

S KHUN LC TRN MI TRNG C qu ca s pht trin t mt t bo ban u -

Pha long: tin hnh pha long mu vi cc pha long khc nhau: 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 ...

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Tnh kt qu: v Ch : chn tt c cc hp petri c s khun lc dao ng trong khong 25-250. Trng hp 1: ch c 1 hp petri c s khun lc dao ng trong khong 25-250 (tt c cc hp petri cn li c s khun lc dao ng nm ngoi khong trn)

Cng thc tnh: Trong : u

C1 + C2 N= 2d

N s khun lc c trong 1mL mu huyn ph ban C1,C2 s khun lc m c trn 2 hp petri pha long chn d h s pha long mu V d: tnh s khun lc c trong 1mL mu ban u, bit s liu th nghim nh sau:
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H s pha long 10-1 10-2

S khun lc m c Hp petri 1 40 6 Hp petri 2 20 3

p s: 3.102 khun lc/mL Trng hp 2: ch c 1 pha long vi 2 hp petri c s khun lc dao ng t 25-250 (tt c cc hp petri khc c s khun lc nm ngoi khong trn) Cng thc tnh: tng t nh trn V d: tnh s khun lc c trong 1mL mu ban u, bit s liu th nghim nh sau: H s pha long 10-3 10-4 10-5 S khun lc m c Hp petri 1 > 250 150 15 Hp petri 2 > 250 120 10

p s: ~1,4.106 khun lc/mL Trng hp 3: hai pha long lin tip, cc hp petri c s khun lc dao ng t 25-250. Khi , ta phi tnh kt qu cho tng pha long. 3.1 Nu kt qu thu c 2 pha long lin tip chnh lch nhau 2 ln hoc nh hn, ta tnh nh sau:
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N=
Trong :

( n1 + 0,1.n2 ) d

N s khun lc c trong 1mL mu huyn ph ban u C s khun lc m c trn cc hp petri chn n1,n2 s hp petri hai pha long lin tip chn d h s pha long mu V d: pha long 10-2, s khun lc m c trn 2 hp

petri l 151 v 215. Suy ra, s khun lc trong 1mL mu ban u l:

151 + 215 = 1,8.104 2.102

-

khun lc/mL

pha long 10-3, s khun lc m c trn 2 hp

petri l 25 v 31. Suy ra, s khun lc trong 1mL mu ban u l:

25 + 31 = 2,8.104 2.103
ln, nn kt qu cui cng nh sau:

khun lc/mL

V chnh lch gia 1,8.104 v 2,8.104 khng ln hn hai

N=

151 + 215 + 25 + 31 = 1,9.104 khun lc/mL (2 + 0,1.2).102

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3.2 Nu kt qu thu c 2 pha long lin tip chnh lch nhau ln hn 2 ln: s dng pha long nh hn tnh kt qu: V d: pha long 10-2, s khun lc m c trn 2 hp

petri l 180 v 250. Suy ra, s khun lc trong 1mL mu ban u l:

180 + 250 = 2, 2.104 2.102

-

khun lc/mL

pha long 10-3, s khun lc m c trn 2 hp

petri l 60 v 75. Suy ra, s khun lc trong 1mL mu ban u l:

60 + 75 = 6,8.10 4 khun lc/mL 3 2.10

V chnh lch gia 2,2.104 v 6,8.104 ln hn 2 ln, nn ta s s dng pha long nh hn 10-2 tnh kt qu. S khun lc c trong 1mL mu ban u s l 2,2.104 Trng hp 4: tt c cc hp petri u c s khun lc nh hn 25. Khi , ta s chn h s pha long thp nht tnh kt qu: V d: kt qu th nghim thu c nh sau:

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H s pha long 10-1 10-2

S khun lc m c Hp petri 1 20 3 Hp petri 2 15 2

Chn h s pha long thp nht l 10-1. S khun lc c trong 1mL mu ban u l:

N=

20 + 15 ; 1,8.102 khun lc/mL 2.101

Trng hp 5: tt c cc hp petri u c s khun lc ln hn 250. Khi , ta s chn h s pha long cao nht tnh kt qu: H s pha long 10-4 10-5 S khun lc m c Hp petri 1 2550 260 Hp petri 2 2800 300

Chn h s pha long thp nht l 10-5. S khun lc c trong 1mL mu ban u l:

N=

260 + 300 = 2,8.107 khun lc/mL 2.105

Trng hp 6: khng c khun lc no mc trn tt c cc hp petri. Khi , ta s ghi kt qu l c t hn (1x 1 )

d

khun lc. Trong , d l h s pha long thp nht.

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V d: h s pha long mu ln lt l 10-3, 10-5 v 10-7. Sau khi nui cy khng thy c khun lc no pht trin trn tt c cc hp petri. Ta ghi kt qu nh sau: < 1.10-3 khun lc trong 1mL mu ban u.

2. -

TNG S VI KHUN HIU KH TRONG TP nh gi khi qut v tnh trng v sinh ca thc

phm, d on thi gian bo qun ca sn phm. Tng s VK hiu kh cho php c mt trong sn phm c th thay i, cao nht l 5.104 khun lc/g sn phm. S dng mi trng thch tryptone glucose: Tryptone Cht chit nm men Glucose Thch Nc ct (nh mc) pH cui : : : : : : 5g 2,5g 1g 15-20g 1L 7,0 0,2

Tit trng mi trng 1210C trong thi gian 15 pht Cch thc hin: Chun b mu: ly 25g mu ri cho vo bnh xay

v khun. Cho tip vo bnh xay 225mL nc peptone v xay nhuyn mu. Ta s thu c dd huyn ph c pha

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long l 10-1. S dng nc peptone tip tc pha long mu vi cc h s pha long l 10-2, 10-3 long. Nui cy: mu c gi trong iu kin hiu kh nhit 300C-350C trong thi gian t 48-72g. Tnh kt qu: tng t nh phng php nh lng vi sinh vt trn mi trng c. 3. TNG S NM MEN V NM SI TRONG TP Tin hnh tng t nh phng php xc nh tng vi Cy mu: mu thc phm c nui cy vi ba pha long khc nhau, s dng 2 hp petri cho mi pha

khun hiu kh trong thc phm. S dng mi trng thch nm men v nm si (Yeast

and mould agar). Thnh phn nh sau: Cht chit nm men Cht chit malt Peptone Dextrose Thch Nc ct pH cui : : : : : : : 3g 3g 5g 10g 20g 1L 6,2 0,2

Tit trng mi trng 1210C trong thi gian 15 pht

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4. -

S BO T TRONG GIA V THC PHM C 2 ging bo t thng gp trong cng ngh thc

phm l Bacillus v Clostridium. Cc loi thuc ging Bacillus thuc nhm hiu kh bt buc hoc k kh ty tin; cn cc loi thuc ging Clostridium thuc nhm k kh bt buc. Chng ta xc nh s bo t trong gia v thc phm, v d nh tiu en. Phng php thc hin: Chun b mu: cn 1g tiu en cho vo erlen cha

99mL peptone. t erlen vo b iu nhit 800C trong thi gian 30 pht. Trn tht u mu v tin hnh pha long. Cy mu: dng phng php cy mu trn mi Nui cy: t cc hp petri vo t m, nui k kh.

trng thch trong hp petri. Nui 350C trong 48-72g. Tnh kt qu: tng t nh phng php nh lng vi sinh vt trn mi trng c.

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V SINH CNG NGHIP

1. -

KIM TRA VI SINH NGUN NC SN XUT Trong thc t sn xut, nh my thng da vo 2 ch

tiu c bn sau y: Tng s vi khun hiu kh Tng s Coliform v Coliform phn Dng E. coli lm vi sinh vt ch th Coliform l trn gi chung ch mt nhm vi

Mt s khi nim c bn:

khun G(-) thuc h Enterobacteriaceae. C nhng vi khun thuc nhm Coliform khng c im khc bit gia nhm Coliform c ngun gc

ngun gc t phn t phn l chng c th sinh trng nhit 440C. Mi trng s dng: Desoxycholate, Mac Conkey,

Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA) Ch : kim tra E. coli bng cc th nghim sinh ha (kim tra Indol-dng tnh, Methyl red-dng tnh, Voges-Proskauer-m tnh, citrate-m tnh)

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2.

XC NH MC NHIM VI SINH VT CA S dng phng php m khun lc trn hp petri

KHNG KH TRONG PHN XNG SN XUT -

cha mi trng thch Ly mu khng kh: Phng php truyn thng: t cc hp petri trn

ti mt vi v tr trong phn xng. Ti mi v tr trong phn xng, s dng 2 hp petri cha mi trng thch tryptone glucose v 2 hp petri cha mi trng thch nm men, nm mc. Thi gian m np hp cy vsv c th ko di n 1g. Dng membrane vi lc khng

kh: lc khng kh bng membrane; sau , t membrane vo hp petri v khun. Tin hnh tng t nh phng php truyn thng. Nui cy: i vi cc hp petri cha mi trng thch tryptone glucose, nui 370C trong thi gian 24g; hp petri cha mi trng thch nm men nm mc c nui 300C trong 48g.

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3. -

XC NH MC NHIM VSV CA THIT B Kim tra: cc thit b ch bin, thit b cha nguyn

liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm (nguyn liu hoc sn phm b nhim vi sinh vt). Quy trnh v sinh: ra thit b bng nc

ra bng

ha cht (soude)

ra bng nc

ra bng dung dch

c cha cht dit khun -

ra li bng nc sch

Thng kim tra ch tiu: tng s vi khun hiu kh Ly mu: S dng nc ra thit b gieo cy S dng ming gt ly mu b mt

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