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L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen

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CHUYN HNH GII TCH TRONG
KHNG GIAN

Phng trnh mt phng
Bi 1 Lp phng trnh tham s ca mt phng (P) i qua im M(2,3,2) v cp VTCP l
(2,1, 2); (3, 2, 1)

a b
Bi 2: Lp phng trnh tham s ca mt phng (P) i qua M(1,1,1) v
1) Song song vi cc trc 0x v 0y.
2) Song song vi cc trc 0x,0z.
3) Song song vi cc trc 0y, 0z.
Bi 3: Lp phng trnh tham s ca mt phng i qua 2 im M(1,-1,1) v B(2,1,1) v :
1) Cng phng vi trc 0x.
2) Cng phng vi trc 0y.
3) Cng phng vi trc 0z.
Bi 4: Xc nh to ca vc t

n vung gc vi hai vc t (6, 1, 3); (3, 2, 1)



a b .
Bi 5: Tm mt VTPT ca mt phng (P) ,bit (P) c cp VTCP l (2, 7, 2); (3, 2, 4)

a b
Bi 6: Lp phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) bit :
1) (P) i qua im A(-1,3,-2) v nhn (2, 3, 4);

n lm VTPT.
2) (P) i qua im M(-1,3,-2) v song song vi (Q): x+2y+z+4=0.
Bi7: Lp phng trnh tng qut ca cc mt phng i qua I(2,6,-3) v song song vi cc
mt phng to .
Bi 8: (HL-99) :Trong khng gian 0xyz cho im A(-1,2,3) v hai mt phng (P): x-2=0 ,
(Q) : y-z-1=0 .Vit phng trnh mt phng (R) i qua im A v vung gc vi hai mt
phng (P),(Q).
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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Chuyn dng phng trnh mt phng
Bi1: Tm mt cp VTCP ca cc mt phng sau:
1) (P) : x-2y-1=0
2)
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
1
( ) : 2 ( ; )
1 3
x t t
P y t t t t R
z t t

3) (P) : x+4y+7z+16=0
Bi 2: Tm mt cp VTPT ca cc mt phng sau:
1)
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
1
( ) : 2 ( ; )
1 3
x t t
P y t t t t R
z t t

2) (P): x-2y-1=0.
3) (P) :x+4y+7z+16=0.
Bi 3: Chuyn dng phng trnh tng qut ca (P) sang dng tham, s trong cc trng
hp sau:
1) (P): x+2y+3z-12=0.
2) (P): 3x+2y+z-6=0.
3) (P): x+2y-4=0.
4) (P): 2y+3z-6=0.
Bi 4: Chuyn dng phng trnh tham s ca (P) sang dng tng qut trong cc trng
hp sau:
1)
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 1 2
2
1
( ) : 2 ( ; )
2
x t t
P y t t t R
z t

L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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2)
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
1
( ) : 2 ( ; )
1 3
x t t
P y t t t t R
z t t

Bi 5: Cho mt phng (P) phng trnh tham s:

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1 2
1
1
( ) : 2 ( ; )
3
x t
P y t t t R
z t

1) Lp phng trnh tng qut ca (P).
2) Lp phng trnh tng qut ca (Q) i qua im A(1,2,3) v song song vi (P).
Bi 6: Lp phng trnh tham s v phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) trong cc
trng hp sau:
1) i qua hai im A(0,-1,4) v c cp VTCP l
( )
3, 2,1

a v
( )
3, 0,1

b
2) i qua hai im B(4,-1,1) v C(3,1,-1) v cng phng vi trc vi 0x.
Bi 7: Cho t din ABCD c A(5,1,3) B(1,6,2) C(5,0,4) D(4,0,6) .
1) Vit phng trnh tham s v phng trnh tng qut cc mt phng (ABC) (ACD)
(ABD) (BCD).
2) Vit phng trnh tham s v phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua cnh AB
v song song vp cnh CD.
Bi 8: Vit phng trnh tham s v tng qut ca (P)
1) i qua ba im A(1,0,0), B(0,2,0) , C(0,03) .
2) i qua A(1,2,3) ,B(2,2,3) v vung gc vi mt phng (Q) : x+2y+3z+4=0
3) Cha 0x v i qua A(4,-1,2) ,
4) Cha 0y v i qua B(1,4,-3)
Bi 9: Cho hai im A(3,2,3) B(3,4,1) trong khng gian 0xyz
1) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) l trung trc ca AB.
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) qua A vung gc vi (P) v vung gc vi mt phng
y0z
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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3) Vit phng trnh mt phng (R) qua A v song song vi mt phng (P).

V tr tng i ca hai mt phng
Bi 1: Xt v tr tng i cia cc cp mt phng sau:
1) (P
1
): y-z+4=0, v
( ) ( )
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1 2 1 2
1 2
3 2
: 1 4 , ,
5 4
x t
P y t t t t R
z t t

2) (P
1
): 9x+10y-7z+9=0
( ) ( )
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
2 1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 3
: 7 2 , ,
3 4
x t t
P y t t t t R
z t t

3) (P
1
): x+y-z-4=0v
( ) ( )
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
2 1 2 1 2
1 2
1
: 2 2 , ,
1
x t t
P y t t t t R
z t t


Chm mt phng
Bi 1: Lp phng trnh mt phng qua M(2,1,3) v cha (d) , bit :
1)
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 3 5 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y z

2)
( )
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
: 2 2
1 2
x t
d y t
z t

Bi 2:Lp phng trnh mt phng i qua im M(2,1,-1) v qua hai giao tuyn ca hai mt
phng (P
1
) v (P
2
) c phng trnh :
(P
1
): x-y+z-4=0 v (P
2
) 3x-y+z-1=0
Bi 3: Lp phng trnh mt phng cha ng thng
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 3 0
:
2 0
x y z
d
x z
v song
song vi mt phng (Q) c phng trnh :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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(Q): 11x-2y-15z-6=0.
Bi 4: Lp phng trnh mt phng qua giao tuyn ca (P
1
): y+2z-4=0 v (P
2
) : x+y-z-3=0
v song song vi mt phng (Q):x+y+z-2=0.
Bi 5: Lp phng trnh mt phng cha ng thng
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 3 0
:
2 0
x y z
d
x z
v vung
gc vi (Q) c phng trnh ;
1) (HNNI-95): (Q): x-2y+z+5=0.
2)
( ) ( )
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
4 3
: 4 2 , ,
5
x t t
Q y t t t t R
z t t

Bi 6: Lp phng trnh ca mt phng qua hai giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P
1
): 3x-y+z-
2=0 v (P
2
): x+4y-5=0 v vung gc vi mt phng : 2x-z+7=0.
Bi 7: Lp phng trnh cha mt phng ng thng :
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 3 0
:
2 0
x y z
d
x z
v song
song vi ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
1)
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 7 0
:
3 2 3 0
x y z
d
x y z

2)
( )

= =

2 3 5
:
2 4 5
x y z
d
Bi 8:Lp phng trnh cha mt phng ng thng :
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 0
:
3 2 3 0
x y
d
x y z
v vung
gc ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
1)
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 7 0
:
3 2 3 0
x y z
d
x y z

2)
( )

= =

2 3 5
:
2 4 5
x y z
d

L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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Bi 9: Lp phng trnh cha mt phng ng thng v vi mt phng (Q) mt gc 60
bit:

( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 3 0
:
2 0
x y z
d
x z
v (Q):3x+4y-6=0
Bi 10: Lp phng trnh mt phng cha ng thng
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 0
:
5 1 0
x z
d
y z
v c khong
cch n im A(1,-1,0) bng 1.
Bi 11: Cho ng thng (d) v hai mt phng

( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 0
:
1 0
x z
d
y z
v (P
1
): 5x+5y-3z-2=0 v (P
2
):2x-y+z-6=0. Lp phng trnh mt
phng (P) cha ng thng (d) sao cho:
( ) ( )

1
P P v
( ) ( )

2
P P l hai ng trc giao.
Bi 12: (HKT-93): cho hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
) c phng trnh :

( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
8 23 0
: ,
4 1 0
x z
d
y z
,
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 3 0
:
2 2 0
x z
d
y z
.
1) Vit phng trnh cc mt phng
( )
1
P ,
( )
2
P song song vi nhau v ln lt cha
( )
1
d
( )
2
d
2) Tnh khong cch gia
( )
1
d ,
( )
2
d
3) Lp phng trnh ng thng (D) song song vi trc Oz v ct c 2 ng
thng
( )
1
d ,
( )
2
d





L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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Khong cch t mt im ti mt phng
Bi1:Tnh khong cch t im M(2,2,1) n mt phng (P) trong cc trng hp sau:
1) (P): 2x+y-3z+3=0
2)
( )
1
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2 2
1 2
4 3
: 4 2 ,
5
x t t
P y t t t R
z t t

Bi2:Trong khng gian vi h to trc chun Oxyz , cho t din c 4 nh A(5,1,3);
B(1,6,2); C(5,0,4); D(4,0,6)
1) Lp phng trnh tng qut mt phng (ABC)
2) Tnh chiu di ng thng cao h t nh D ca t din, t suy ra th tch ca t
din
3) Vit phng trnh mt phng phn gic ca gc nh din (A,BC,D)
B3:Trong khng gian vi h to trc chun Oxyz , cho t din c 4 nh A(1,1,1);
B(-2,0,2); C(0,1,-3; ) D(4,-1,0)
1) (H Lut 1996) Tnh chiu di ng thng cao h t nh D ca t din
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng phn gic ca gc nh din (A,BC,D)










L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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NG THNG TRONG KHNG GIAN

Phng trnh ng thng
Bi 1:Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) trong cc trng hp sau :
1) (d) i qua im M(1,0,1) v nhn (3, 2, 3)

a lm VTCP
2) (d) i qua 2 im A(1,0,-1) v B(2,-1,3)
Bi 2: Trong khng gian Oxyz lp phng trnh tng qut ca cc giao tuyn ca mt phng
(P) : x-3y+2z-6=0 v cc mt phng to
Bi 3: Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng i qua im M(2,3,-5) v song song vi
ng thng (d) c phng trnh
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 2 7 0
:
3 2 3 0
x y z
d
x y z

Bi 4: Cho ng thng (D) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh l :
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 4 1 0
:
2 3 7 0
x y z
d
x y z
v (P): x+y+z+1=0
Tm phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng (t) i qua A(1,1,1) song song vi mt phng
(P) v vung gc vi ng thng (D)
Bi 5: Cho mt phng (P) i qua 3 im A(3,0,0), B(0,6,0), C(0,0,9). Vit phng trnh
tham s ca ng thng (d) i qua trng tm tam gic ABC v vung gc vi mt phng
cha tam gic




L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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Chuyn dng phng trnh ng thng
Bi 1: Tm vc t ch phng ca cc ng thng sau
1)

= =
1 2 1
( ) :
3 4 3
x y z
d
2)
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 10 0
:
2 4 6 0
x y z
d
x y z

Bi 2: Cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 10 0
:
2 4 6 0
x y z
d
x y z
. Hy vit phng
trnh tham s ca ng thng
Bi3: Cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 10 0
:
2 4 6 0
x y z
d
x y z
. Hy vit phng
trnh chnh tc ca ng thng
Bi4 :Cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )
, t R
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
: 2 2
1 2
x t
d y t
z t
. Hy vit phng
trnh tng qut ca ng thng
Bi5: Lp phng trnh tham s, chnh tc v tng qut ca ng thng (d) i qua im
A(2,1,3) v vung gc vi mt phng (P) trong cc trng hp sau:
1) (P): x+2y+3z-4=0
2)
( )
1
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2 2
1 2
4 3
: 4 2 ,
5
x t t
P y t t t R
z t t
.
3)
( )
1
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 2
2
1
: 2 ,
3
x t
P y t t R
z t

Bi 6:Lp phng trnh tham s, chnh tc v tng qut ca ng thng (d) i qua im
A(1,2,3) v song song vi ng thng (D) cho bi :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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1)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2 2
: 3
3
x t
D y t R
z t
.
2)
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1 0
:
4 1 0
x y
D
x z

Bi 7: Lp phng trnh tham s, chnh tc v tng qut ca ng thng (d) i qua im
A(1,2,3) v vung gc vi 2 ng thng :

( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
2 2 0
:
2 3 0
x y
d
x z
,
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
4 10 0
:
2 4 6 0
x y z
d
x y z

Bi8: Trong khng gian Oxyz, lp phng trnh tham s, chnh tc v tng qut ca ng
thng (d) i qua im A(3,2,1), song song vi mt phng (P) v vung gc vi ng thng

Bit mt phng (P): x+y+z-2=0 v
'
1 =
1
^
!
1 =
1
+
1 0
( ) :
4 1 0
x y
y z



V tr tng i ca ng thng v mt phng
Bi1: Xt v tr tng i ca ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) ,bit:
1)
( )
, t R
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
: 3
2
x t
d y t
z t
(P): x-y+z+3=0
2)
( )
, t R
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
12 4
: 9
1
x t
d y t
z t
(P): y+4z+17=0
3)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 3 6 10 0
:
5 0
x y z
d
x y z
(P): y+4z+17=0
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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4)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
y
(P): x+y-2=0
Bi 2: Hy tnh s o gc to bi ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) cho bi :
1)
( )
(t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
12 4
: 9 3 )
1
x t
d y t R
z t
.v
( )
1
( t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 2
2
1
: 2 , )
3
x t
P y t t R
z t
.
2)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 3 6 10 0
:
5 0
x y z
d
x y z

( )
1
( t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
2 2
1
2
: 1 2 , )
x t t
P y t t R
z t

3)
( )
, t R
'
1
= 1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
=
1
1+
1 2
: 2
2 2
x t
d y t
z t
(P): x-2y+2z+3=0.
Bi 3: (HNN_TH-98): Cho mt phng (P) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh (P)
:2x+y+z=0 v
( )

= =

1 2
:
2 1 3
x y z
d .
1) Tm to giao im A ca (d) v (P) .
2) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d
1
) qua A vung gc vi (d) v nm trong mt phng (P)
.
Bi 4: (H Khi A-2002): Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho mt phng (P) v ng thng (d
m
)
c phng trnh : (P) :2x-y+2=0 ,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
(2 1) (1 ) 1 0
:
(2 1) 4 2 0
m
m x m y m
d
mx m z m
xc nh m
(d
m
)//(P)



L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
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V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Bi 1: S dng tch hn tp xc nh v tr tng i ca hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
) c
phng trnh cho bi:
1)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
3 2
: 2 3
6 4
x t
d y t R
z t
,
( )
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
4 19 0
:
15 0
x y
d
x z

2)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1 2
: 2
3 3
x t
d y t R
z t
,
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
2
: 3 2
3 1
x u
d y u
z u

3)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
2 1 0
:
1 0
x y
d
x y z
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 3 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y

Bi 2: Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
5 2
: 1
5
x t
d y t
z t
,
( ) ( )
1
t,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1
1
3 2
: 3
1
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) song song vi nhau .
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song ,cch u (d
1
),(d
2
) v thuc mt phng
cha (d
1
),(d
2
) .


Bi 3: Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

= =

1
7 5 9
:
3 1 4
x y z
d ,
( )

= =

2
4 18
:
3 1 4
x y z
d
1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) song song vi nhau .
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song ,cch u (d
1
),(d
2
) v thuc mt phng
cha (d
1
),(d
2
).
Bi 4: Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
13
( )
t R
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
3 2
: 2
6 4
x t
d y t
z t
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
4 19 0
:
15 0
x y
d
x z

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ct nhau .
2) Vit phng trnh ng phn gic ca (d
1
),(d
2
)
Bi5: Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

= =

1
1 2 4
:
2 1 3
x y z
d
( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
1
:
2 3
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ct nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng phn gic ca (d
1
),(d
2
)
Bi 6: Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1
:
1
x t
d y t
z
,
( ) ( )
1
t,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1
1
2
: 1
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng(P) song song ,cch u (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 7: Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )
1
x 8z 23 0
d :
y-4z 10 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 3 0
:
2 2 0
x z
d
y z

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng(P) song song, cch u (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi8: Trong khng gian 0xyz ,cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

= =
1
1 2 3
:
1 2 3
x y z
d
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 0
:
2 3 5 0
x y z
d
x y z

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng(P) song song, cch u (d
1
),(d
2
) .
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
14
Hai ng thng ng phng v bi tp lin quan
Bi 1: (HBK-TPHCM-93): Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit:
( )

= =

1
1 1 3
:
3 2 2
x y z
d
( )

= =
2
1 3
:
1 1 2
x y z
d
Bi 2: (HSPII-2000): Cho im A(1,-1,1) v hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh
cho bi :
( )
1
3x-y-z 3 0
d :
2x-y 1 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
: 1 2
3
x t
d y t R
z t

CMR (d
1
),(d
2
) v im A cng thuc mt phng.
Bi 3: Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )
1
2x y 0
d :
x-y 1 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
z
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 3 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y

1) CMR hai ng thng ct nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) cha (d
1
),(d
2
).
3) Vit phng trnh ng phn gic ca(d
1
),(d
2
)


Bi 4: Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

= =
1
2 1 1
:
1 2 1
x y z
d
( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
1 2
: 2
1 3
x t
d y t R
z t

1) CMR hai ng thng ct nhau.Xc nh to giao im ca n.
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) cha (d
1
),(d
2
).
3) Vit phng trnh ng phn gic ca(d
1
),(d
2
)
Bi5: cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
15
( )

= =
1
3 1 2
:
1 4 3
x y z
d ,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
4 2 0
:
3 0
x y
d
x z

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) song song vi nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) cha (d
1
),(d
2
).
3) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) trong (P) song song cch u (d
1
),(d
2
) .

Hai ng thng cho nhau v bi tp lin quan
Bi 1: (HNN-96): cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
7 3
: 4 2
4 3
x t
d y t
z t

( ) ( )
1
t,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1
1
1
: 9 2
12
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc chung ca (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 2: (HTCKT-96): Trong khng gian 0xyz , cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng
trnh cho bi : (d
1
): x=-y+1=z-1, (d
2
): -x+1=y-1=z
Tm to im A
1
thuc (d
1
) v to im A
2
thuc (d
2
) ng thng A
1
A
2
vung
gc vi (d
1
) v vung gc vi (d
2
) .

Bi 3: (H L 1996) Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1
:
1
x t
d y t
z
,
( ) ( )
1
t,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1
1
2
: 1
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.Vit phng trnh mt phng (P),(Q)
song song vi nhau v ln lt cha (d
1
),(d
2
)
2) Tnh khong cch gia (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 4: (HTS-96): Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
16
( ) ( )
t R
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1 3
: 3 2
2 1
x t
d y t
z

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 2 8 0
:
5 2 12 0
x y
d
x z

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau. Tnh khong cch gia (d
1
),(d
2
)
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc chung ca (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 5: (PVBC 99) Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit:
( )

= =
1
1 1 2
:
2 3 1
x y z
d
( )

= =

2
2 2
:
2 5 2
x y z
d
1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc chung ca (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 6: (HSPQui Nhn-D-96): cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit:
( )
1
x y 0
d :
x-y 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 z

( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
1 3
:
2
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Tnh khong cch gia (d
1
),(d
2
)
Bi 7: cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit:
( )

= =

1
7 3 9
:
1 2 1
x y z
d
( )

= =

2
3 1 1
:
7 2 3
x y z
d
1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc chung ca (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 8: (H Hu 1998) Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1 1
2 2
: 1
1
x t
d y t
z
,
( ) ( )
1 2
t ,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2 2
2
1
: 1
3
x
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha (d
1
) v song song vi (d
2
) .
3) Tnh khong cch gia (d
1
),(d
2
) .
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
17
Bi 9: (HNN-97): Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )
1
x y 2z 0
d :
x-y 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1 z

( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
2 2
: 5
2
x t
d y t R
z t

1) Chng t rng hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Tnh khong cch gia (d
1
),(d
2
) .
3) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M(1,1,1) v ct ng thi (d
1
),(d
2
) .
Bi 10: (HKT-98): Cho t din SABC vi cc nh S(-2,2,4), A(-2,2,0) ,B(-5,2,0) ,C(-
2,1,1). Tnh khong cch gia hai cnh i SA v SB.

IM, NG THNG V MT PHNG

ng thng i qua mt im ct c hai ng thng cho trc.
Bi1: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1,2,3) v ct c hai ng thng
1)
( )
1
x 8z 3 0
d :
y-4z 10 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 3 0
:
2 2 0
x z
d
y z

2)
( )

= =
1
1 2 3
:
1 2 3
x y z
d
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 0
:
2 3 5 0
x y z
d
x y z

Bi 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua gc to v ct c hai ng thng:

( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1 2
: 2
3 3
x t
d y t R
z t
,
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
2
: 3 2
3 1
x u
d y u
z u


Bi 3: Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi ng thng () v ct c hai
ng thng:
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
18
( )

'
1 =
1
^
!
1 =
1
+
2 0
:
1 0
x y z
x y z

( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2
: 1
2
x t
d y t R
z t

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 2 0
:
3 0
x z
d
y

Bi 4: (HDL-97): Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1,-1,0) v ct c hai ng
thng:
( )

= =
1
1 1
:
1 1 2
x y z
d
( )

= =
2
1
:
1 2 1
x y z
d
Bi 5: (HTS-99): Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1,-1,0) v ct c hai ng
thng:
( )
1
3x-2y-8 0
d :
5x 2z-12 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
1 3
: 3 2
2
x t
d y t R
z t

Bi 6: Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi (P) :x+y+z-2=0 v ct c hai
ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
):
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2
: 1
2
x t
d y t R
z t

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 2 0
:
3 0
x z
d
y

Bi 7: Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua gc to v ct c 2 ng thng (d
1
) v
(d
2
):

ng thng i qua mt im vung gc vi c hai ng thng cho trc.
Bi 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1,2,3) v ct c hai ng thng (d
1
) ,(d
2
):
1)
( )
1
x 8z 3 0
d :
y-4z 10 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 3 0
:
2 2 0
x z
d
y z

2)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
3 2 8 0
:
5 2 12 0
x y
d
x z
( ) ( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
1 3
: 3 2
2
x t
d y t R
z t

L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
19
Bi 2: (HTCKT 1999) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua A(1,1,-2) song song vi
mt phng (P) v vung gc vi ng thng (d):
( )
0
1 1 2
: ( ) : - - - 1
2 1 3
x y z
d P x y z

= = =
ng thng i qua mt im vung gc vi mt ng v ct mt ng thng
khc
Bi 1: (HSP TPHCM-95): Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(0,1,1) v vung gc
vi ng thng (d
1
) v ct (d
2
) ,bit :
( )

= =
1
1 2
:
3 1 1
x y z
d
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
x

Bi 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1,1,1) v vung gc vi ng thng (d
1
)
v ct (d
2
) ,bit :
( )
1
x y z-3 0
d :
y z-1 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 2 9 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
y z

Bi 3: Vit phng trnh ng thng ct c ba ng thng (d
1
) (d
2
) , (d
3
)

v vung gc
vi vect
( )
1, 2, 3

u , bit:
( )
1
x-y 0
d :
z 1 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
1 0
:
0
x y
d
z

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3
1 0
:
1
x y
d
z

Bi 4: Tm tt c cc ng thng ct (d
1
), (d
2
) di cng mt gc , bit:
( )
:
1
- 0 mx y
d
z a
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
0
:
mx y
d
z a

Bi 5: (HTL-97):Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(3,-2,-4) song song vi mt
phng (P) :3x-2y-3z-7=0 v ct ng thng (d) bit:
( )

= =

2 4 1
:
3 2 2
x y z
d
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
20
Hnh chiu vung gc ca im ln mt phng
Bi 1: Tm to im i xng ca A(-2,1,3) qua (P) cho bi:
1) (P): 2x+y-z-3=0.
2)
( ) ( )
1 2
t ,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
: 2 2
1
x t t
P y t t R
z t t

Bi 2: (HKTCN-97): Cho im A(1,2,3) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :2x-y+2z-3=0
1) Lp phng trnh mt phng qua A v song song vi (P).
2) Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln
(P). Xc nh to ca H
Bi3: (HGTVTTPHCM-99): Cho ba im A(1,1,2),B(-2,1,-1) ,C(2,-2,-1) .Xc nh to
hnh chiu vung gc ca im O ln mt phng (ABC).
Bi 4: (HTCKT-2000): Cho im A(2,3,5) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :2x+3y+z-
17=0
1) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) qua A v vung gcvi (P).
2) CMR ng thng (d) ct trc 0z , tm giao im M ca chng.
3) Xc nh to im A
1
i xng vi A qua (P).
Bi 5: Cho mt phng (P) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
(P): 2x+5y+z+17=0 v
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 4 27 0
:
6 3 7 0
x y z
d
x y z

1) Xc nh to giao im A ca (d) v (P).
2) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d
1
) i xng vi (d) qua (P)
Bi 6: Cho mt phng (P) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
(P): 2x+y+z+4=0 v
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 3 0
:
3 2 7 0
x y
d
x z

1) Xc nh to giao im A ca (d) v (P).
2) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d
1
) i xng vi (d) qua (P)
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
21
Bi 7: (HQG 1998) Cho cc im A(a,0,0); B(0,b,0); C(0,0,c) (a,b,c dng ) >Dng hnh
hp ch nht nhn O,A,B,C lm 4 nh v gi D l nh i din vi nh O ca hnh hp

1) Tnh khong cch t C n mt phng (ABD)
2) Tnh to hnh chiu vung gc ca C xung mt phng (ABD). Tm iu kin i vi
a,b,c hnh chiu nm trong mt phng (xOy)

Hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng ln mt phng
Bi 1: (HQG TPHCM 1998) Trong khng gian vi h trc to trc chun 0xyz ,cho
ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
(P):x+y+z-3=0 v
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 0
:
2 3 0
x z
d
y z
Lp phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca
ng thng (d) ln (Q).
Bi 2: Lp phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca giao tuyn (d) ca hai mt phng 3x-
y+z-2=0 v x+4y-5=0 ln mt phng 2x-z+7=0.
Bi3: (HMC-98) :Trong khng gian vi h to trc chun 0xyz cho ng thng (d)
v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )

= =

4 1
:
4 3 2
x y z
d v (P): x-y+3z+8=0.
Hy vit phng trnh chnh tc hnh chiu vung gc ca (d) ln (P) .
Bi4: Trong khng gian 0xyz cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (Q) c phng trnh :
( )
3x-2y z-3 0
d :
x-2z 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+

( ) ( )
1 2
t ,t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2
1 2
4 3
: 4 2
5
x t t
Q y t t R
z t t

Lp phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng (d) ln (Q) .
Bi5: Cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (Q) c phng trnh :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
22
( )

2 - 1 0
:
2 - - 3 0
x y z
d
x y z
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
(Q): x-y+z+10=0
Hy vit phng trnh chnh tc hnh chiu vung gc (d
1
) ca (d) ln (P) .
Bi6: (H Cn Th 1998) Trong khng gian vi h to vung gc 0xyz cho ng
thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )

= =
1 2 1
:
1 2 3
x y z
d v (P): x+y+z+1=0.
Hy vit phng trnh chnh tc hnh chiu vung gc (d
1
) ca (d) ln (P) .
Bi7: (HVQY-95): Trong khng gian vi h to vung gc 0xyz cho ng thng (d) v
mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )

= =
1 2 1
:
1 2 3
x y z
d v (P): x+y+z+1=0.
1) Hy vit phng trnh chnh tc hnh chiu vung gc (d
1
) ca (d) ln (Oxy) .
2) CMR khi m thay i ng thng (d
1
) lun tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh trong
mt phng 0xy.

Bi8: (HQG-98): Trong khng gian vi h to vung gc 0xyz cho mt phng (P) v
hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
) c phng trnh :
(P):x+y-z+1=0;
( )
1
2y-z 0
d :
x 2y 0
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 12 0
:
2 0
y z
d
x z

1) Hy vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc (
1
), (
2
) ca (d
1
), (d
2
) ln (P) .Tm to
giao im I ca (d
1
), (d
2
).
2) Vt phng trnh mt phng
( )
1
P cha (d
1
) v vung gc vi (P).



L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
23
Hnh chiu vung gc ca im ln ng thng
Bi 1: cho im A(1,2,3) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 2 9 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
y z

.Xc nh to hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln (d) .T tm to im A
1
i xng
vi A qua (d) .
Bi2: cho im A(1,2,-1) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2 1
: 2
3 3
x t
d y t R
z t

Xc nh to hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln (d) .T tm to im A
1
i xng vi
A qua (d) .
Bi3: cho im A(2,1,-3) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )

= =

1 2 3
:
1 2 1
x y z
d .Xc nh to hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln (d) .T
tm to im A
1
i xng vi A qua (d) .
Bi 4: (Hhu /A,B phn ban 98): Trong khng gian 0xyz cho im A(2,-1,1) v ng
thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 0
:
2 2 0
y z
d
x y z

1) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A v vung gc (d) .
2) Xc nh to im B i xng vi A qua (d) .
Bi 5: ( 60-Va): Lp phng trnh ng thng qua A(3,2,1) v vung gc vi ng
thng
(d)

= =
3
:
2 4 1
x y z
v ct vi ng thng .
Bi 6: (HTM-2000): Lp phng trnh ng thng qua A(2,-1,0) v vung gc vi
ng thng
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
5 2 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y z

v ct vi ng thng .
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
24
Bi7: (HV BCVT-2000): Cho 2 ng thng () v (d) c phng trnh :
( )

^ = =

3 1 1
:
7 2 3
x y z
( )

= =

7 3 9
:
1 2 1
x y z
d
Lp phng trnh ng thng (d1) i xng vi (d) qua ()
Bi 8: (HHH-1999): Trong khng gian cho 2 ng thng (d1),(d2) :
( )
2
(d t R
'
1
=
1
'
1 1 =
1 1
=
! !
1 1 =
1 1
+
= 1
1
+
1
2 1 0
: ) : 1 2
1 0
4 5
x t
x y
d y t
x y z
z t

1) (d1) , (d2) c ct nhau hay khng
2) Gi B,C ln lt l cc im i xng ca A(1,0,0) qua (d1),(d2) . Tnh din tch tam
gic ABC
Bi 9: (HTM-1999): Trong khng gian cho ng thng (d1) v mt phng (P) :
( )
(P
'
1 =
1
=
!
1 =
1
+
1
2 2 3 0
: ) : 2 3 0
2 2 17 0
x y z
d x y z
x y z

1) Tm im i xng ca im A(3,-1,2) qua ng thng (d)
2) Vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng (d) trn mt phng (P)


Bi10: Trong khng gian 0xyz cho bn ng thng (d
1
), (d
2
), (d
3
), (d
4
) c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
0
:
mx y
d
z h
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
0
:
mx y
d
z h
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3
0
:
mx y
d
z h
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4
0
:
mx y
d
z h

CMR cc im i xng A
1,
, A
2,
, A
3
,
A
4
ca A bt k trong khng gian qua (d
1
), (d
2
), (d
3
), (d
4
) l ng phng . Lp phng trnh
mt phng cha chng .

L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
25
im v mt phng
Bi 1: cho hai im A(1,0,2) ;B(2,-1,3) v mt phng (P): x-2y+z-4=0.Tm im M thuc
(P) sao cho AM+BM nh nht.
Bi 2: cho hai im A(1,1,0) ;B(0,-1,1) v mt phng (P): x-2y+z-4=0.Tm im M thuc
(P) sao cho AM+BM nh nht.
Bi 3: (Hhu /A h cha phn ban 97):Trong khng gian vi h to 0xyz cho mt
phng (P): 2x-y+z+1=0 v hai im A(3,1,0), B(-9,4,9) .Tm to im M trn mt phng
(P) sao cho MA MB l ln nht .
Bi 4: (HQG-2000):Cho mt phng
(P):x+y+z-1=0 v hai im A(1,-3,0) ,B(5,-1,-2)
1) Chng t rng ng thng i qua A,B ct mt phng (P) ti mt im I, tm to im
.
2) Tm to im M trn mt phng (P) sao cho MA MB t gi tr ln nht.
Bi 5: (HMC-97):
cho ba im A(1,4,5) B(0,3,1) ,C(2,-1,0) v mt phng (P): 3x-3y-2z-15=0.Gi G l trng
tm ABC .CMR iu kn cn v M nm trn mt phng (P) c tng cc bnh
phng khong cch n cc im A,B,C nh nht l im M phi l hnh chiu vung gc
ca im G trn mt phng (P) .Xc nh to ca im M .
Bi 6: Cho mt phng (P) 3x+3y+mz-6-m=0.
1) CMR (P) lun i qua mt im c nh M, Tm to ca M.
2) Gi s (P) ct 0x,0y,0z theo th t ti A,B,C .
Tnh 0A,0B,0C t din 0ABC t gi tr nh nht .
Tnh 0A,0B,0C 0A+0B+0C l nh nht .




L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
26
im v ng thng
Bi 1: Tm trn ng thng (d) im M(x
M
,y
M
,z
M
) sao cho
2 2 2
M M M
x y z nh nht
,bit:
1)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
: 1 2
3
x t
d y t R
z t

2)
( )

= =

3 1 4
:
2 3 5
x y z
d
3)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 4 1 0
:
2 3 7 0
x y z
d
x y z

Bi 2: Cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 0
:
5 0
x y z
d
x y
.Tm im M thuc
(d) sao cho AM+BM nh nht khi :
1) A(1,2,-1), B(8,1,-2) .
2) A(1,2,-1),B(0,1,2).
Bi 3: (HBK-98):Cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (P)c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
: 2
3
x t
d y t R
z t
,(P):2x-y-2z+1=0
1) Tm to cc im thuc ng thng(d) sao cho khong cch tmi im n mt
phng (P) bng 1.
2) Gi K l im i xng ca im
I(2,-1,3) qua ng thng (d) .Xc nh to K.
Bi 4: (HHng c -2000): Cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
: 1
2
x t
d y t R
z t
v (P): x+2y+z-1=0.
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
27
1) Tm to cc im thuc ng thng(d) sao cho khong cch tmi im n mt
phng (P) bng 6 .
2) Gi K l im i xng ca im I(2,0,-1) qua ng thng (d) .Xc nh to K.
Bi 5: (H nng -2000): Cho im
A(-4,4,0),B(2,0,4),C(1,2,-1),D(7,-2,3).
1) CMR A,B,C,D ng phng .
2) Tnh khong cch t Cn ng thng (AB)

Gc trong khng gian
Bi 1: Xc nh s o gc gia 2 ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh :
1)
( )
2
4x y-19 0
& (d ):
x-z 15 0
'
1
=
1
'
1 1 =
1 1
=
! !
1 1 =
1 1
+
= 1
1
+
1
3 2
: 2 3
6 4
x t
d y t
z t

2)
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2 1
: 2
3 3
x t
d y t
z t
,
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
2
: 3 2
1 3
x u
d y u
z u

3)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
2 1 0
:
1 0
x y
d
x y z
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 3 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y

Bi 2: (HHH-2000): Cho ba ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
), (d
3
) c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1
: 2 4
2 3
x t
d y t R
z t
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
4 3 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y z

( )

= =

3
1 5
:
3 1 1
x y z
d
1) Xc nh cosin gc gia (d
1
),(d
2
).
2) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi (d
3
) ng thi ct c (d
1
),(d
2
).
Bi 3:Xc nh s o gc gia ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh cho bi :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
28
1)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 19 0
:
15 0
x y
d
x z
v (P):x+y-7z-58=0.
2)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 1 0
:
1 0
x y
d
x y z
&
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
: 2
1 3
x t t
P y t t
z t t

Bi 4:(CSP TP.HCM-99): Cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )

= =

3 4 3
:
1 2 1
x y z
d v (P):2x+y+z-1=0
1) Xc nh s o gc gia ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) .
2) Tm to giao im A ca ng thng (d) v mt phng (P).
3) Lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng (d
1
) i qua A vung gc vi (d) v nm
trong mt phng (P).
Bi 5: (HAN-CS-98): Cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )

= =

1 3 1
:
1 2 2
x y z
d v (P): x+z+2=0
1) Xc nh s o gc gia ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) .
2) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d
1
) l hnh chiu vung gc ca (d) ln mt phng (P).

Tam gic trong khng gian
Bi 1: Cho ABC bt A(1,2,5), B(1,4,3), C(5,2,1) v mt phng (P):x-y-z-3=0.
1) Lp phng trnh ng trung tuyn ,ng ca v ng phn gic trong k t nh A.
2) Gi G l trng tm ABC .CMR iu kn cn v im M nm trn mt phng (P)
c tng cc bnh phng khong cch n cc im A,B,C nh nht l im M phi l
hnh chu vung gc ca im G trn mt phng (P) .Xc nh to ca im M .
Bi 2: Cho mt cu
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 4 6 0 S x y z x y z .
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
29
1) Gi A,B,C ln lt l giao im (khc gc to ) ca mt cu (S) vi 0x,0y,0z .Cc
nh to ca A,B,C v lp phng trnh mt phng (ABC).
2) Lp phng trnh cc ng trung tuyn , ng cao v ng phn gic trong k t
nh A ca ABC.
3) Xc nh to tm v tnh bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
Bi 3: Cho mt cu
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 4 4 0 S x y z x z v cc im A(3,1,0), B(2,2,4) ,C(-1,2,1).
1) Lp phng trnh mt phng (ABC).
2) Lp phng trnh cc ng trung tuyn ,ng cao v ng phn gic trong k t
nh A ca ABC.
3) Xc nh to tm v tnh bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
MT CU
Phng trnh mt cu
Bi 1: Trong cc phng trnh sau y ,phng trnh no l phng trnh ca mt cu ,khi
ch r to tm v bn knh ca n ,bit:
1)
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 4 6 2 0 S x y z x y z
2)
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 4 2 9 0 S x y z x y z
3)
( )
=
2 2 2
: 3 3 3 6 3 9 3 0 S x y z x y z
4)
( )
=
2 2 2
: 4 2 5 7 0 S x y z x y z
5)
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 2 0 S x y z x y
Bi 2: Cho h mt cong (S
m
) c phng trnh :
( )
=
2 2 2 2
: 4 2 6 4 0
m
S x y z mx my z m m
1) Tm iu kin ca m (S
m
) l mt h mt cu .
2) CMR tm ca (S
m
) lun nm trn mt ng thng c nh.


L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
30
Bi 3: Cho h mt cong (S
m
) c phng trnh :
( )
=
2 2 2 2 2
: 4 2 8 5 0
m
S x y z mx m y m
1) Tm iu kin ca m (S
m
) l mt h mt cu .
2) Tm qu tch tm ca h (S
m
) khi m thay i.
3) Tm im c nh M m (S
m
) lun i qua.
Bi 4: Cho h mt cong (S
m
) c phng trnh :
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 sin 2 cos 3 0
m
S x y z x m y m
1) Tm iu kin ca m (S
m
) l mt h mt cu .
2) CMR tm ca (S
m
) lun chy trn mt ng trn (C) c nh trong mt phng 0xy khi
m thay i.
3) Trong mt phng 0xy, (C) ct 0y ti A v B. ng thng y=m(-1<m<1 ,m#0) ,ct (C)
ti T, S , ng thng qua A , T ct ng thng qua B ,S ti P .Tm tp hp cc im P
khi m thay i .
Bi 5: Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) ,bit :
1) Tm I(2,1,-1), bn knh R=4.
2) i qua im A(2,1,-3) v tm I(3,-2,-1).
3) i qua im A(1,3,0) ,B(1,1,0) v tm I thuc 0x.
4) Hai u ng knh l A(-1,2,3), B(3,2,-7)
Bi 6: Cho 3 ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
), (d
3
) c phng trnh :
( )

= =
1
2 2 1
:
3 4 1
x y z
d
( )

= =

2
7 3 9
:
1 2 1
x y z
d
( )

= =

3
1 3 2
:
3 2 1
x y z
d
1) Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) ct c hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) v song song vi
ng thng (d
3
).
2) Gi s
( ) ( )
=
1
d d A ,
( ) ( )
=
2
d d B .Lp phng trnh mt cu ng knh AB.
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
31
Bi 7: Cho 2 ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
2
: 1
2
x t
d y t R
z t
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 2 0
:
3 0
x z
d
y

1) CMR (d
1
) v (d
2
) cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca (d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c ng knh l on vung gc chung ca (d
1
) v (d
2
).
4) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng cch u (d
1
) v (d
2
).

Mt cu tip xc vi mt phng
Bi 1: Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) bit :
1) Tm I(1,2,-2) v tip xc vi mt phng (P):6x-3y+2z-11=0.
2) (CGTVT-2000): Tm I(1,4,-7) v tip xc vi mt phng (P) :6x+6y-7z+42=0.
3) Bn knh R=9 v tip xc vi
(P): x+2y+2z+3=0 ti im M(1,1,-3).
Bi 2: Vit phng trnh mt cu c tm I trn ng thng (d) v tip xc vi hai mt
phng (
( )
1
P )v
( )
2
P , bit :
1) (HL-95):
( )

= =

2 1 1
:
3 2 2
x y z
d

( )
1
P :x+2y-2z-2=0. v
( )
2
P :x+2y-2z+4=0.
2)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
4 2 7 0
:
5 4 14 0
x y z
d
x y z
,
( )
1
P :2x+2y-z-12=0. v
( )
2
P :-2x+2y-z+8=0.
3)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
: 3
2
x t
d y t R
z t
,
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
32
( )
1
P :3x4y+2z-10=0
( )
2
P :2x-3y+4z-10=0
Bi 3: (HLN-97):Cho ng thng (d) v hai mt phng
( )
1
P ,
( )
2
P ,bit :
( )

= =
1 1
:
2 3 2
x y z
d ,
( )
1
P :x+y-2z+5=0. v
( )
2
P :2x-y+z+2=0
1) Gi A l giao im ca (d) vi
( )
1
P v
( )
2
P .Tnh di on AB.
2) Vit phng trnh mt cu cod tm I trn ng thng (d) v tip xc vi hai mt phng
( )
1
P v
( )
2
P .
Mt cu ct mt phng
Bi 1: Lp phng trnh mt cu c tm to giao im I ca mt phng (P) v ng thng
(d) sao cho mt phng (Q) ct khi cu theo tht din l hnh trn c din tch 12 ,bit :
1)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
: 3
2
x t
d y t R
z t
,(P):x-y-z+3=0
2)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
3 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
y
, (P):x+y-2=0.
Bi 2: Lp phng trnh mt cu c tm thuc ng thng (d) v ct mt phng (P) theo
thit din l ng trn ln c bn knh bng 18.bit:
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
12 4
: 9 3
1
x t
d y t R
z t
v (P):y+4z+17=0.
Bi 3: Trong khng gian 0xyz , cho hai im A(0,0,-3),B(2,0,-1) ,v mt phng
(P):3x-8y+7z-1=0 .
1) (HVNH-2000): Tm to im C nm trn mt phng (P) sao cho tam gic u .
2) Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) i qua 3 im A,B,C v c tm thuc mt phng
(P):x-y-z-2=0.
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
33
Mt cu tip xc vi ng thng
Bi 1: Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) bit :
1) Tm I(1,2,-1) v tip xc vi ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
:
1
x t
d y t R
z

2) Tm I(3,-1,2) v tip xc vi ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 2 3 0
:
2 2 3 17 0
x y z
d
x y z

Bi 2: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1 2
: 1
2 3
x t
d y t R
z t
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 4 0
:
2 1 0
x y
d
x y z

Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) tip xc vi (d
1
) ti im H(3,1,3) v c tm thuc ng
thng (d
2
).
Bi 3: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
2 1 0
:
1 0
x y
d
x y z
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
3 3 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
x y

1) CMR hai ng thng ct nhau .Xc nh ta giao im I ca chng .
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu tip xc vi (d
1
),(d
2
) v c tm thuc ng thng (d) c
phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
: 2
3 3
x t
d y t R
z t

Bi 4: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
34
( )
(t R)
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
3 2
: 2 3
6 4
x t
d y t
z t
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
4 19 0
:
15 0
x y
d
x z

1) CMR hai ng thng ct nhau .Xc nh ta giao im I ca chng .
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu tip xc vi (d
1
),(d
2
) v c tm thuc ng thng (d) c
phng trnh :
( )

= =

7 5 9
:
3 1 4
x y z
d
Bi 5: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
( )

= =

1
2 1
:
2 3 4
x y z
d ,
( )

= =

2
7 2
:
6 9 12
x y z
d
1) CMR hai ng thng song song vi nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu tip xc vi (d
1
),(d
2
) v c tm thuc ng thng (d) c
phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
:
1
x t
d y t R
z

Bi 6: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
( )

= =

1
7 5 9
:
3 1 4
x y z
d ,
( )

= =

2
4 18
:
3 1 4
x y z
d
1) CMR hai ng thng song song vi nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua hai ng thng (d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu tip xc vi (d
1
),(d
2
) v c tm thuc ng thng (d) c
phng trnh :

( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
3 2
: 3
1
x t
d y t R
z t

Bi 7: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
35
( )
(t R)
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1
1 2
: 2
3 3
x t
d y t
z t
,
( )

'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
2
: 3 2
1 3
x u
d y u
z u

1) CMR hai ng thng cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca(d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Tnh khong cch gia (d
1
) v (d
2
).
4) Lp phng trnh mt cu tip xc vi (d
1
),(d
2
) v c tm thuc mt phng
(P) : xy+z-2=0
Bi 8: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) ,bit :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
1
3 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
x z
,
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2
2 2 9 0
:
1 0
x y z
d
y z

1) CMR hai ng thng cho nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca(d
1
) v (d
2
).
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu tip xc vi (d
1
),(d
2
) v c tm thuc mt phng
(P):2x-y+3z-6=0.
Mt cu ct ng thng
Bi 1: (HQG-96): Cho im I(2,3,-1) v ng thng (d) c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
5 4 3 20 0
:
3 4 8 0
x y z
d
x y z

1) Xc nh VTCP

a ca (d) suy ra phng trnh mt phng (P) qua I v vung gc vi


(d):
2) Tnh khong cch t I n (d) t suy ra phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm sao cho (S)
ct (d) ti hai im phn bit A,B tho mn AB=40.
Bi 2: Cho ng thng (d) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
1 2
: 2
3
x t
d y t R
z t
,
(P):2x-y-2z+1=0.
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
36
1) (HBK-98):Tm to cc im thuc ng thng (d) sao cho khong cch t mi
im n mt phng (P) bng 1.
2) (HBK-98):Gi K l im i xng ca im I(2,-1,3) qua ng thng (d) .Xc nh
to K.
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu tm I ct ng thng (d) ti hai im phn bit A,B sao cho
AB=12.
4) Lp phng trnh mt cu tm I tip xc vi mt phng (P).
5) Lp phng trnh mt cu tm I ct mt phng (P) theo giao tuyn l mt ng trn c
din tch bng
2
16t

Mt cu ngoi tip khi a din
Bi 1: (H Hu-96): Trong khng gian vi h to trc chun 0xyz ,cho bn im
A(1,0,1), B(2,1,2),C(1,-1,1),D(4,5,-5).
1) Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua D v vung gc vi mt phng
(ABC).
2) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Bi 2: Cho bn im 0(0,0,0),A(6,3,0), B(-2,9,1), S(0,5,8)
1) (HKT-99): CMR SB vung gc SA.
2) (HKT-99): CMR hnh chiu ca cnh SB ln mt phng (0AB) vung gc vi cnh
0A. Gi K l giao im ca hnh chiu vi 0A. Hy xc nh to d ca K.
3) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
4) (HKT-99): Gi P,Q ln lt l im gia ca cc cnh S0,AB . Tm to ca im M
trn SB sao cho PQ v KM ct nhau.
Bi 3: Trong khng gian vi h to trc chun 0xyz ,cho bn im A(4,4,4), B(3,3,1),
C(1,5,5), D(1,1,1).
1) (HVKTQS-98): Tm hnh chiu vung gc ca D ln (ABC) v tnh th tch t din
ABCD.
2) (HVKTQS-98): Vit phng trnh tham s ng thng vung gc chung ca AC v
BD.
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
37
3) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
4) Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
Bi 4: cho bn im A(-1,3,2), B(4,0,-3), C(5,-1,4), D(0,6,1).
1) (HVNHTPHCM-99):Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng BC .H AH vung gc
BC .Tm to ca im H.
2) (HVNHTPHCM-99):Vit phng trnh tng qut ca (BCD) .Tm khong cch t A n
mt phng (BCD).
3) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Bi 5: Trong khng gian 0xyz, cho hnh chp .bit to bn nh S(5,5,6), A(1,3,0),
B(-1,1,4), C(1,-1,4), D(3,1,0).
1) Lp phng trnh cc mt ca hnh chp.
2) Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) ngoi tip hnh chp .
3) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD
Bi 6: (HVKTMM-97) Cho bn im A(1,2,2), B(-1,2,-1), C(1,6,-1), D(-1,6,2).
1) CMR t din ABCD c cp cnh i din bng nhau .
2) Xc nh to trng tm G ca t din.

Mt cu ni tip khi a din
Bi 1: Lp phng trnh mt cu ni tip hnh chp SABCD ,bit:
1)
1


( )
4
( , 0, 0)
3
S ,A(0,-4,0), B(0,-4,0),C(3,0,0).
2) S0,A(a,0,0),B(0,b,0), C(0,0,c), vi a,b,c>0.
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp SABCD .nh
1 9
( , , 4)
2 2
S y ABCD l hnh vung c A(-4,5,0)
,ngf cho BD c phng trnh :
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
7 8 0
:
0
x y
d
z

1) Tm to cc nh ca hnh chp .
2) Lp phng trnh nt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
38
3) Lp phng trnh mt cu ni tp hnh chp.
Bi 3: Cho ba im A(2,0,0), B(0,2,0), C(0,0,3).
1) Vit phng trnh tng qut cc mt phng (0AB), (0BC), (0CA), (ABC).
2) Xc nh tm I ca mt cu ni tip t din 0ABC .
3) Tm to im J i xng vi I qua mt phng (ABC).
Bi 4: (HVKTMM-99):Cho bn im A(1,2,2), B(-1,2,-1), C(1,6,-1), D(-1,6,2).
1) CMR t din ABCD c cc cp cnh i din bng nhau.
2) Xc nh to trng tm G ca t din .
3) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
4) Vit phng trnh mt cu ni tip t din ABCD.

V tr tng i ca im v mt cu
Bi 1: Cho mt cu
( )
=
2 2 2
: 4 3 0 S x y z x y z .xt v tr tpng i ca im A
i vi mt cu (S) trong cc trng hp sau:
1) im A(1,3,2).
2) im A(3,1,-4).
3) im A(-3,5,1).
Bi 2: Tm to im M thuc mt cu
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 4 2 3 0 S x y z x y z .Sao
cho khong cch MA t gi tr ln nht ,nh nht,bit:
1) im A(1,-2,0).
2) im A(1,1,-2).
V tr tng i ca ng thng v mt cu
Bi 1: Cho mt cu
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 2 2 6 0 S x y z x y z .Tm to im M thuc
(S) sao cho khong cch t M n (d) t gi tr ln nht, nh nht,bit:
1)
( )
t
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
: 1
1
x t
d y t R
z t

L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
39
2)
( )

'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
2 3 0
:
2 1 0
x y z
d
y z


V tr tng i ca mt phng v mt cu
Bi 1: (HDL-97):Trong khng gian vi h to trc chun 0xyz, cho mt cu (S) v
mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )
=
2 2 2
: 2 2 0 S x y z x ,(P):x+z-1=0.
1) Tnh bn knh v to tm ca mt cu (S).
2) Tnh bn knh v to tm ca ng trn giao ca (S) v (P).
Bi 2: (HSPV-99): Cho im I(1,2,-2) v mt phng 2x+2y+z+5=0 .
1) Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) tm I sao cho giao ca (S) v (P) l ng trn c chu vi
bng 8 .
2) CMR mt cu (S) tip xc vi mt phng 2x-2=y+3=z.
3) Lp phng trnh mt phng cha ng thng (d) v tip xc vi (S).
Bi 3: (HBK-A-2000): Cho hnh chp SABCD vi S(3,2,-1), A(5,3,-1), B(2,3,-4),
C(1,2,0).
1) CMR SABC c y ABC l tam gic u v ba mt bn l cc tam gic vung cn.
2) Tnh to im D i xng vi im C qua ng thng AB. M l im bt k thuc
mt cu tm D, bn knh = 18 R .(im M khng ph thuc mt phng (ABC) ). Xt
tam gic c di cc cnh bng di cc on tjmg MA, MB, MC. Hi tam gic
c c im g ?
Bi 4: (HPCCC-2000): Cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh :
( )
'
1
=
11
!
1 =
1
1+
2 2 2
14
:
0
x y z
C
z

.Lp hng trnh mt cu cha (C) v tip xc vi mt phng: 2x+2y-z-6=0.
Bi 5: (CHQ-96): Cho mt cu (S) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh :
( )
=
2 2 2
: ( 3) ( 2) ( 1) 9 S x y z ,(P):x+2y+2z+11=0. Tm im M sao cho M thuc
(S) sao cho khong cch t M ti mt phng (P) nh nht .
L eN goc Sn_ SP T oan K 07_ H T ay N guyen
40
V tr tng i ca hai mt cu
Bi1:Cho hai mt cu:
( )
=
2 2 2
1
: 2 2 7 0 S x y z x y ,
( )
=
2 2 2
2
: 2 0 S x y z x
1) CMR hai mt cu (S
1
) v (S
2
) ct nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh mt cu qua giao im ca (S
1
) v (S
2
) qua im M(2,0,1).
Bi2: Cho hai mt cu:
( )
=
2 2 2
1
: 9 S x y z ,
( )
=
2 2 2
2
: 2 2 2 6 0 S x y z x y z
1) CMR hai mt cu (S
1
) v (S
2
) ct nhau.
2) Vit phng trnh mt cu qua giao im ca (S
1
) v (S
2
) qua im M(-2,1,-1).

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