Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity

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MT S BI TON NGUYN HM_TCH PHN

A. NGUYN HM:

I. Dng 1:
Tnh nguyn hm sau:
I=

+ + c bx ax
dx
2

Phng php :

t t = b ax + 2 adx dt 2 = khi ta c :
) 4 ( (
4
1
2 2 2
ac b t c bx ax + = + +
Do ta c:
I=

+ + c bx ax
dx
2

=
) 4 (
4
1
2
1
2
ac t
a
dt
a

i vi dng J= dx c bx ax .
2

+ + ta cng lm tng t.
II. Mt s dng khc :

A = dx
c bx ax
n mx

+ +
+
2


B =

+ + + dx c bx ax n mx
2
) (

Ta bin i ) ( 2 x f b ax n mx + + = +

C =

+ + + c bx ax n mx
dx
2
) (

t
n mx
t
+
=
1


III. Dng 2:Tnh nguyn hm bng php th le :
dx c bx ax x R

+ +
2
, (
Nu a > 0 : t t a x c bx ax = + +
2
. Sau bnh phng hai v suy ra x
theo t.
Nu c > 0 : t c xt c bx ax = + +
2

Nu tam thc ( )( )
2 1
2
x x x x a c bx ax = + + :
t
2
1
x x
x x
t

=

Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity
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IV. Dng 3 : Tnh tch phn vi phn nh thc :

Dng dx bx a x
p n m
) ( +

m, n, p l cc s hu t.

Trong mt trong 3 s :
p
n
m
p
n
m
+
+ + 1
; ;
1



Th ta dng php i a tch phn vi phn nh thc v dng tch phn hm hu t theo
bng sau:
n
m +1

p p
n
m
+
+1
Dng php bin i
Nguyn
s
r

s n
t bx a = +
s
r
Nguyn
s n
t x =

s
r
Nguyn
s
t
x
bx a
n
n
=
+


V. Dng 4 : Tnh nguyn hm :I =

+ +
n m
b x a x
dx
) ( ) (

t
b x
a x
t
+
+
= dx
b x
a b
dt
2
) ( +

=
Ta c :
a b
t
b x
a x
a b b x
a x b x
a b b x

= |

\
|
+
+

=
+
+ +

=
+
1
1
1 ) ( ) ( 1 1

Do :

+ +
n m
b x a x
dx
) ( ) (
= dx
b x
a b
b x
b x
a x
dx
a b
n m
m 2
) (
) (
1
2
+

+ |

\
|
+
+

+

= dt
t
t
a b
m
n m
n m

+
+

2
2
) 1 (
) (
1

VI. Dng 5:
Tnh tch phn dng dx
d cx
b ax
x R
m

|
|

\
|
+
+
,

Trong a, b, c, d l cc hng s thc , ad bc 0 , m l s t nhin :
t
d cx
b ax
t
d cx
b ax
t
m
m
+
+
=
+
+
= do
a ct
dt b
x
m
m

=



Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity
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VII. Dng 6 : Tnh tch phn dng
I=
( ) ( )

+ +
2 2
b x a x
dx

S dng ng nht thc :
( ) ( )
1
2
=
(

+
b a
b x a x

VIII. Dng 7: Tnh tch phn dng :
I=
( )( )

+ + b x a x
dx


Nu x + a > 0, x + b >0 t b x a x t + + + =

Nu x + a < 0, x + b <0 t b x a x t + =

IX. Dng 8: Tnh tch phn bt nh cc hm hu t i vi x v ( )( ) x b a x c dng:

( )( ) ( )

dx x b a x x R ,

Thc hin php i bin : ( ) t a b a x
2
sin + =

X. Dng 9: Tnh Nguyn hm dng:
C=
( ) ( )
dx
b x a x
dx

+ + sin sin

Ta s dng ng nht thc:
( )
( )
( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) b a
b x a x
b a
b a

+ +
=

=
sin
sin
sin
sin
1
Ch : Phng php trn cng c p dng cho cc dng nh:

D =
( ) ( )

+ + b x a x
dx
cos cos
S dng
( )
( ) b a
b a

=
sin
sin
1
E =
( ) ( )

+ + b x a x
dx
cos sin
S dng
( )
( ) b a
b a

=
cos
cos
1

XI. Dng 10: Tnh Nguyn hm dng :
I = dx
a x
dx

+ sin sin

Bin i I v dng :
I =

|

\
|
|

\
| +
=
+
2
cos
2
sin
2
1
sin sin a x a x
dx
a x
dx

S dng bi ton Dng 9


Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity
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Ch : Phng php trn cng c p dng cho cc dng sau:

A =

+ m x
dx
sin
vi 1 m

C =

+ a x
dx
cos cos
v D =

+ m x
dx
cos
vi 1 m

XII. Dng 11: Tnh Nguyn hm dng :
I = ( )

+ dx a x tg tgx . .
Ta bin i :
I = ( )
( )
( )

+
+
= + dx
a x x
a x x
dx a x tg tgx
cos . cos
sin . sin
.
( ) ( )
( )
|
|

\
|

+
+ + +
= dx
a x x
a x x a x x
1
cos . cos
sin . sin cos . cos

( )

+
+ =
a x x
dx
a x
cos . cos
cos
S dng bi ton Dng 9

Ch : Phng php trn cng c p dng cho cc dng sau:
A = ( ) ( )dx b x g a x tg

+ + cot
B = ( ) ( )dx b x g a x g

+ + cot cot

XIII. Dng 12:Tnh Nguyn hm dng :
I =

+ x b x a
dx
cos sin

Cch 1: Ta c :
I
( )

|

\
|
|

\
| +
+
=
+
+
=
2
cos
2
sin . 2
1
sin
1
2 2 2 2
x x
dx
b a
x
dx
b a

\
| +
|
|

\
|
|

\
| +
+
=
2
2 1
2 2
a x
tg
a x
tg d
b a

Cch 2: Ta c:
I =
( )
( ) [ ]
( )

+
+
+
=
+
+
1 cos
cos 1
sin
1
2
2 2 2 2
a x
a x d
b a
x
dx
b a



Ch : Ta cng c th thc hin bng : phng php i s ho bng cch t
|

\
|
=
2
x
tg t


Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity
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XIV. Dng 13 : Tnh Nguyn hm dng :
I = dx
x b x a
x b x a

+
+
cos . sin .
cos . sin .
2 2
1 1


Ta bin i : ( ) ( ) x b x a B x b x a A x b x a sin cos cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 1 1
+ + = +

Ch : i vi dng I =
( )
dx
x b x a
x b x a

+
+
2
2 2
1 1
cos . sin .
cos . sin .
ta cng lm tng t trn.

i vi dng : I = dx
c x b x a
c x b x a

+ +
+ +
2 2 2
1 1 1
cos . sin .
cos . sin .
ta bin i :

( ) ( ) C x b x a B c x b x a A c x b x a + + + + = + + sin cos cos sin cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1


i vi dng : I = dx
x b x a
x c x x b x a

+
+ +
cos . sin .
cos sin . cos . sin .
2 2
2
1 1
2
1
ta bin i :

x c x x b x a
2
1 1
2
1
cos sin cos sin + +
=( )( ) ( ) x x C x b x a x B x A
2 2
2 2
cos sin cos sin cos sin + + + +

XV. Dng 14 : Tnh Nguyn hm dng ;
I =

+ + x c x x b x a
dx
2 2
cos cos sin sin

Bin i v dng : I =
( )

+ + x c btgx x atg
dx
2 2
cos


XVI. Dng 15 : Tnh Nguyn hm dng :
I =
( )
dx
x b x a
x x

+

2 2 2 2
cos sin
cos sin

Ta c :
I =
( )
( )
( )

+
+

x b x a
x b x a d
b a
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
cos sin
cos sin
2
1











Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity
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B. TCH PHN:


CC LP TCH PHN C BIT:

1. Lp 1: Nu hm ( ) x f lin tc v l hm l trn [ ] a a, th : I = ( )

=
a
a
dx x f 0
Chng minh : Bin i I v dng :
I = ( ) ( ) ( )

+ =

a a
a a
dx x f dx x f dx x f
0
0

Xt tch phn : I = ( )

0
a
dx x f . Bng cch t t x = v kt hp vi tnh cht hm l ta c c
iu phi chng minh.

2. Lp 2: Nu hm ( ) x f lin tc v l hm l trn [ ] a a, th : I = ( ) ( )

=
a
a
a
dx x f dx x f
0
2
Chng minh : Lm tng t nh Lp 1.

3. Lp 3: Nu ( ) x f lin tc v chn trn R th : I =
( )
( )dx x f
a
dx x f
a
x

=
+

0
1
Vi
+
R v
0 > a .
Chng minh : Lm tng t nh Lp 1.

4. Lp 4: Nu ( ) x f lin tc trn
(

2
, 0

th : ( ) ( )dx x f dx x f

=
2
0
2
0
cos sin


Chng minh : t t x =
2

ta c iu phi chng minh.

5. Lp 5: Nu ( ) x f lin tc v ( ) ( ) x f x b a f = + th : ( ) ( )dx x f
b a
dx x f x
b
a
b
a

=
2
.
Chng minh : t t b a x + = pcm

H qu : Nu ( ) x f lin tc trn [ ] 1 , 0 th : I = ( ) ( )dx x f dx x f x


=

sin
2
sin .



Phng php gii ton Su tm:L Ngc Sn_SP Ton K07_TayNguyenUniversity
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6. Lp 6: Nu ( ) x f lin tc v ( ) ( ) x f x b a f = + th : ( )

=
b
a
dx x f 0
Chng minh : t t b a x + = pcm
7. Lp 7: Nu ( ) x f lin tc trn R v tun hon vi chu k T th : ( ) ( )dx x f dx x f
T T a
a

=
+
0

Chng minh : Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )dx x f dx x f dx x f
A T
T
T
a
T a
a

+ +
+ =
Xt tch phn : I = ( )dx x f
A T
T

+
. Bng cch t t T x + = pcm.