- 1 -

1. N TP LNG GIC

1. Cng thc cng

sin( ) sin cos sin cos
cos( ) cos cos sin sin
t an t an
t an( )
1 t an t an
a b a b b a
a b a b a b
a b
a b
a b
=
=

2. Cng thc nhn
=
= = =
2 2 2 2
sin2 2si n cos
cos2 cos sin 1 2sin 2cos 1
a a b
a a a a

3. Cng thc h bc
2
2
1 cos2
si n
2
1 cos2
cos
2
a
a
a
a

=

4. Cng thc nhn 3

2
2
sin 3 3si n 4sin
cos3 4cos 3cos
a a a
a a a
=
=

5. Bin i tch thnh tng

1
cos cos cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin si n cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin cos si n( ) sin( )
2
1
cos sin si n( ) sin( )
2
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
l
=
l
l
l
=
l
l
l
=
l
l
l
=
l
l


- 2 -

6. Bin i tng thnh tch

cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
cos cos 2sin sin
2 2
sin si n 2sin cos
2 2
sin si n 2cos sin
2 2
si n( )
t an t an
cos cos
cos si n 2 sin 2 cos
4 4
a b a b
a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b
a b
a b
a b
a b
a b a a


=

=

=

=

=
1 1

= =



( ) ( )

7. M rng

1
sin si n sin sin 3
3 3 4
1
cos cos cos cos3
3 3 4
t an t an t an t an 3
3 3
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x



1 1

=



( ) ( )
1 1

=



( ) ( )
1 1

=




( ) ( )

8. Mt s php bin i c bn

( )
2
2
2
4 4 2
1 sin2 cos sin
1 cos2 2cos
1 cos2 2sin
1
sin cos 1 sin (2 )
2
1
1 t an t an
2 cos
a a a
a a
a a
a a a
a
a
a
=
=
=
=
=

9. Bi tp
1) sin 3 3cos3 2sin2 x x x =
HD: PT sin 3 sin2
3
x x

1

= =

( )


- 3 -

2)
( )
2 si n 1 sin2
4
1 t an
cos
x x
x
x

( )
=
HD: PT
2
(cos sin )(cos sin ) cos sin x x x x x x = =
3)
2
3 4
2cos 1 3cos
5 5
x x
=
HD: PT
3 2
6 4
cos 3cos 2 0
5 5
2 3 2
4cos 6cos 3cos 5 0
5 5 5
x x
x x x
= =
= =

ng thc lng gic trong tam gic
Trong ABC ^ ta c:

sin( ) sin
cos( ) cos
sin cos
2 2
cos si n
2 2
A B C
A C B
A B C
B C A
=
=

=

1) CM: sin sin si n 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
A B C =
HD: VT 2si n cos si n 2cos cos si n
2 2 2 2 2
A B A B C A B C
C
1


= =

( )

2) CM: sin2 sin2 si n2 4si n sin sin A B C A B C =

3) CM: cos cos cos 1 4sin sin si n
2 2 2
A B C
A B C =
HD: VT
2
2cos cos cos 2si n cos 1 2si n
2 2 2 2 2
A B A B C A B C
C

= =
4) CM:
2 2 2
cos cos cos 1 2cos cos cos A B C A B C =
HD: Dng cng thc h bc





- 4 -

Trong ABC ^ khng vung ta c:

t an t an t an t an t an t an
t an t an t an t an t an t an 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
cot cot cot cot cot cot 1
cot cot cot cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
A B B C C A
A B B C C A
A B C A B C
=
=
=
=


Nhn dng tam gic
1) CMR nu
2 2 2
si n sin si n 2 A B c = th ABC ^
vung.

HD:
GT

2 2 2
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 2
2cos cos cos 0
A B c
A B C
= =
= =

2) CMR nu : sin sin sin 1 cos cos cos A B C A B C = th ABC ^

vung.

HD:
) sin sin sin 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
)1 cos cos cos 4si n cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
A B C
A B C
A B C
=
=

3)
Nu ( )
sin sin 1
t an t an
cos cos 2
A B
A B
A B

th ABC ^
cn.

HD:


2
2si n cos
1 si n( )
2 2
2 cos cos
2cos cos
2 2
cos cos si n
2
cos( ) 1
A B A B
A B
GT
A B A B A B
C
A B
A B

= =

= =
= =





- 5 -

2. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
I. nh ngha: L mt trong cc phng trnh sau:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
sin
cos
t an
cot
x m
x m
x m
x m
=
=
=
=

x l n, m l s thc cho trc.
II. Cng thc nghim ca PT (1) x m sin
+ Nu _1 m th (1) v nghim
+ Nu 1 m _ th (1) c nghim
2
sin
2
x k
x m
x k

= =

Trong l mt s thc sao cho sin m =
V d:
2
3
3
sin si n si n
2 2 3
2
3
x k
x x
x k

= = = =

Lu :

2
sin sin
2
x k
x
x k

= =

( ) ( ) 2
sin ( ) sin ( )
( ) ( ) 2
f x g x k
f x g x
f x g x k

= =

Nu o bng n v th
0 0
0 0 0
.360
sin
180 .360
x a k
x m
x a k

= =

- 6 -

Vi 1 m _ trn ;
2 2

l
l

l
l
th si nx m = c duy nht mt nghim. Nghim ny gi l
arcsinm
Khi 0; 1; 1 m m m = = = th ta c cng thc nghim c bit
si n 0
si n 1 2
2
si n 1 2
2
x x k
x x k
x x k

= = =
= = =
= = =

LUYN TP
Gii cc phng trnh sau






1
1.1) sin2
2
1.2) si n2 sin
1.3) cos2 sin2
1.4) cos si n 2 0
3 2
1.5) cos3 sin 3 1
1.6) cos 3 cos 3 1
3 3
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x

=
=
=
1 1

=




( ) ( )
=
1 1
t t

=



( ) ( )








2 2 2 2
2 2
0 0 0
1.7) sin sin 3 cos cos 3
cos2 3
1.8) cos
si n cos 2
1
1.9) 3 si n cos
cos
1.10) sin 3 cos2 1 2sin2 cos2
1.11) sin 2 cos 3 1
2
1.12) sin(2 15 ) ( 120 120 )
2
x x x x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x x x x
x x
x x
=
=

=
=
=
= < <
III. Cng thc nghim ca PT (2) cosx m
+ Nu _1 m th (1) v nghim
+ Nu 1 m _ th (1) c nghim
cos 2 x m x k = = = t
Trong l mt s thc sao cho cos m =

V d:
1 2 2
cos cos cos 2
2 3 3
x x x k
t t
= = = = = t



- 7 -

Lu :

cos cos 2 x x k = = = t


cos ( ) cos ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 f x g x f x g x k = = = t

Nu
x
o bng th :
0 0
cos 360 x m x a k = = =
Vi 1 m _ trn 0;
l
t
l
l
th cosx m = c duy nht mt nghim. Nghim ny gi l
arccosm
Khi 0; 1; 1 m m m = = = th ta c cng thc nghim c bit
cos 0
2
cos 1 2
cos 1 2
x x k
x x k
x x k
t
= = = t
= = = t
= = = t t

IV. Cng thc nghim ca pt = t an x m
+ TX:
2
x k
t
= t
+ PT t an x m = c nghim m \
t anx m x k = = = t
V. Cng thc nghim ca pt = cot x m
+ TX: x k = t
+ PT cot x m = c nghim m \
cot x m x k = = = t
LUYN TP
1. Gii cc phng trnh sau
( )







=
=
=
=
=
1
t

t =

( )
=
2 2 2
3 3
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1.1) 2 sin2 2sin 0
1.2) sin si n t an 3
1.3) cos sin si n 0
1.4) 1 sin2 cos3 sin 3
1.5) cos2 3cos 4 0
7
1.6) sin ( 5 ) sin cos si n 1
2
1.7) cos cos 2 cos 3 cos 4 2
x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x


- 8 -

2. Gii cc pt sau







6 6 4 4 2
2
3 3
2 2
2.1) 4(sin cos ) 2(sin cos ) 8 4cos
2.2) 3 4cos sin (1 2si n )
2.3) sin cos 1 cos2
2.4) cos5 sin 4 cos3 sin2
2.5) cos5 sin 4 cos3 si n2
2.6) t an t an2 t an 3
17
2.7) sin 2 cos 8 si n 10
2
x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
(



3 3
5 7
2.8) sin 2 3cos 1 2sin
2 2
2.9) cos cos3 sin sin 3 3
2.10) t an t an 2 1
3 3
x x x
x x x x
x x
1

)
1 1
t t

=




( ) ( )
=
1 1
t t

=




( ) ( )














- 9 -

3. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC N GIN
I) Phng trnh bc nht i vi mt hm s lng gic
Dng:


= =
= =
=
sin 0 ( 0)
cos 0 ( 0)
t an 0
a x b a
a x b a
a x b

Cch gii: chuyn v a v phng trnh lng gic c bn

II) Phng trnh bc hai vi mt hm s lng gic
Dng:


2
2
si n si n 0 ( 0)
t an t an 0 ( 0)
a x b x c a
a x b x c a
= =
= =

Cch gii: t n ph ( k n ph nu c)
LUYN TP
Gii cc phng trnh sau







2
4
2
4 4 2
4 4
6 6 4
1) 3sin 2 7cos2 3 0
2) cos2 5sin 3 0
3) cos2 cos 2 0
4) cos4 2sin 2 0
1
5) sin cos cos2 sin 2 2
4
3
6)( .05) cos sin cos sin 3 0
2 4 2
7) cos si n cos 4
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
D x x x x
x x x
=
=
=
=
=
1 1
t t

=




( ) ( )
=

6 6
2(cos sin ) sin cos
8) 0
2 2sin
x x x x
x

=

- 10 -

III) Phng trnh bc nht i vi sin x v cosx
Dng:

2 2
sin cos ( 0) a x b x c a b = =
Cch gii: Chia hai v pt cho
2 2
a b :
2 2 2 2 2 2
si n cos
a b c
PT x x
a b a b a b
= =


V
2 2
2 2 2 2
1
a b
a b a b
1 1


=




( ) ( )
nn ta t
2 2 2 2
cos ; sin
a b
a b a b
= =

:

2 2
2 2
si n cos cos sin
sin( )
c
PT x x
a b
c
x
a b

= =

= =

Ch : Ta c th t cos
2 2 2 2
sin ;
a b
a b a b
= =

:
LUYN TP
Gii cc phng trnh sau








5 4
2 2
6 6
2
4
1) 3 cos2 sin2 2
2) 3sin2 4cos2 1
3) 4sin 5 cos 4cos sin cos 1
cos sin
4) 4cot 2
cos sin
1 1 2
5)
cos sin2 sin 4
sin (si n cos ) 1
6) 0
cos sin 1
1
7) 2t an cot 2 2si n2
si n2
sin
8)
x x
x x
x x x x x
x x
x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x
x
=
=
=

=

=

=


4
2
2 2 2
cos 1 1
cot 2
5sin2 2 8sin2
9) 2sin sin 3 3cos 2 2 0
10) sin cos 2 cos 3
x
x
x x
x x x
x x x

=
=
=


- 11 -

Dng Phng trnh bc nht i vi
sin x
v
cosx
tm min , max

2 2
: si n cos sin( )
c
PT a x b x c x
a b
= = =

Phng trnh c nghim
2 2 2
2 2
1
c
a b c
a b
= _ = _

p dng: Tm min, max ca cc hm sau
1) cos sin
cos
2)
si n cos 2
y x x
x
y
x x
=
=


Bi tp 1: Cho
. sin 1
cos 2
k x
y
x

a) Tm min, max khi 1 k =
b) Tm k min 1 y <
c) Tm k max ca y l nh nht
Bi tp 2: Cho
2 cos 1
cos sin 2
k x k
y
x x

=


a) Tm min, max khi 1 k =
b) Tm k min ca hm s 2
c) Tm k max ca hm s l ln nht

IV) Phng trnh ng cp bc 2 i vi sin x v cosx
Dng:

2 2 2 2 2
sin si n cos cos 0 ( 0) (4) a x b x x c x a b c = =
Cch gii:
+ Xt cos 0 x =
+ Vi cos 0 x = ,
2
(4) t an t an 0 a x b x c = =
Lu :

- 12 -

1) Nu thay:
2 2
1 cos2 1 cos2 1
sin ; cos ; sin cos si n2
2 2 2
x x
x x x x x

= = = th pt
(4) tr thnh bc nht i vi si n2x v cos2x
2) Xt pt
2 2 2 2 2
sin sin cos cos ( 0; 0) (4 ) a x b x x c x d a b c d a = = =
Thay
2 2
(sin cos ) d d x x = th (4 ) (4) a =
Hoc chia 2 v ca (4 ) a cho
2
cos 0 x = v dng cng thc
( )
2
2
1 t an
cos
d
d x
x
=
3) Mt cch tng qut: vi pt ng cp bc n i vi sin x v cosx
ta thng chia 2 v
cho
cos
n
x
Ta thng gp pt ng cp bc 3 dng sau:
3 2 2 3
sin sin cos sin cos cos 0 a x b x x c x x d x =

LUYN TP:
1. Gii cc phng trnh sau





2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1.1) sin 2si n cos 3cos 3 0
1.2) si n 3sin cos 1 0
5
1.3) 4 3 sin cos 4cos 2si n
2
5 3
1.4) 3sin (3 ) 2si n cos 5sin 0
2 2 2
1.5) cos 3sin cos 2sin
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
=
=
=
1 1 1
t t t

t =



( ) ( ) ( )






2 2
2 2
2
3 2 2
3 2 2
1 0
1.6) si n 2si n cos 3cos
1.7) sin sin2 3cos 0
1.8) cos 2 sin2 1 0
1.9) si n 6si n2 3cos 2. 66 0
1.10) 7si n 2sin2 3cos 3 15 0
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x x
=
=
=
=
=
=

2. Gii cc phng trnh sau


3 3 2
3 3 2
2.1) 4sin 3cos 3sin sin cos 0
2.2) cos 4sin 3cos sin si n 0
x x x x x
x x x x x
=
=


- 13 -









3 2
3 3
3 3
3
3
2
2.3) cos si n 3sin cos 0
2.4) cos sin sin cos
2.5) 4cos 2sin 3sin 0
2.6) sin sin2 si n 3 6cos
2.7) si n cos 4si n 0
2.8) 1 3sin2 2t an
2.9) sin (t an 1) 3sin (cos sin ) 3
2.10) 2
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x x x x
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3 1
si n 2 3 cos
cos sin
x x
x x
=

V) Phng trnh i xng vi sin x v cosx
Dng:
= =
2 2
(cos sin ) sin cos 0 ( 0) a x x b x x c a b
Cch gii: t sin cos 2 2
4
t x x x t
1
t

= = = _

( )

Khi
2
1
sin cos
2
t
x x

=
2
1
. . 0
2
t
PT at b c

= =
LUYN TP
Gii cc phng trnh sau








3 3
3 3
1) 2(sin cos ) sin cos 1
2
2) (1 sin cos )(sin cos )
2
1 1 10
3) cos sin
cos sin 3
2
4) sin cos
2
3
5) 1 sin cos si n2
2
6) 2sin2 2(sin cos ) 1 0
7) sin cos 2sin 2cos 2
8) 1 t an 2 2 si n
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x
=
=
=
=

=
=
=


- 14 -



9) si n cos 7sin2 1
10) si n2 2 si n 1
4
x x x
x x
=
1
t

=

( )

VI) Phng trnh i xng vi t an x v cot x
Dng:
2 2
(t an cot ) (t an cot ) 0 a x x b x x c =
Cch gii:
+ TX:
2
x k
t
=
+ t
2 2 2
2
t an cot
t an cot 2
t
t x x
x x t
'
1
_
1
1
= =
!
1
=
1
1+


BI TP TNG HP
1. Gii cc phng trnh sau
1)
2 2
sin 4 cos 6 sin(10, 5 10 ) x x x = t
(H Dc HN nm 1999)
2)
4 4
7
sin cos cot cot
8 3 6
x x x x
1 1
t t

=




( ) ( )

(H GTVT nm 1999)
3)
3
8cos cos3
3
x x
1
t

=

( )

(H QGHN-Khi A, nm 1999)
4)
2 3
cos 2 2(sin cos ) 3sin2 3 0 x x x x =
(H QGTP.HCM-Khi A,1999)
5)
1
3sin 2cos 3(1 t an )
cos
x x x
x
=
(C SPHN nm 1999)

- 15 -

6) 4(sin 3 cos2 ) 5(sin 1) x x x =
(H Lut H Ni, nm 1999)
7) 5 cos2 2(2 cos )(sin cos ) x x x x =
(H Hng Hi Tp.HCM nm 1999)
8)
3
sin 4sin cos 0 x x x =
(H Y Dc H Ni nm 1999)
9)
2
1 cos2
1 cot 2
si n 2
x
x
x

=
(H S Phm Vinh nm 1999)
10)
2
cos 2sin cos
3
2cos sin 1
x x x
x x

=


(H Nng nghip I Khi B 1998)
11)
2 2
cot t an
16(1 cos4 )
cos2
x x
x
x

=
(H GTVT nm 1998)
12)
sin cot 5
1
cos9
x x
x
=
(H Hu - Khi A nm 1999)
13)
2
2t an cot 3
sin2
x x
x
=
(H Ngoi Thng nm 1997)
14) sin cos sin cos 2 x x x x =
(H QGHN-Khi D, nm 1999)
15) 2cos si n 1 x x =
(H Dn Lp Hng Bng nm 1999)

16) cos2 1 sin2 2 si n cos x x x x =

- 16 -

(H DL Phng ng nm 1999)
2. Tm m pt sau c nghim
2
cos2 2(2 3) cos 2 2 0 m x m x m =
(H Lt nm 1998)
3. Cho phng trnh:
4 6
sin cos2 cos 0 x x m x =
a) Gii pt khi 2 m =
b) Tm cc gi tr m pt c nghim trn khong 0;
4
1
t

( )

4. Cho phng trnh:
2
(cos 1)(cos2 cos ) sin x x m x m x =
a) Gii pt khi 2 m =
b) Tm cc gi tr m pt c nghim thuc on
2
0;
3
l
t
l
l
l