B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
-----------------------

TIU LUN CHUYN NGNH

KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C V NG DNG PHT TRIN MT GAME C TH

SINH VIN THC HIN: Trn Ngc Tr ng Trng MSSV: 07110143 - 07110147 GIO VIN HNG DN: Ths. Nguyn Trn Thi Vn

TP. H CH MINH 2011

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. H CH MINH

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN
-----------------------

TIU LUN CHUYN NGNH

KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C V NG DNG PHT TRIN MT GAME C TH

SINH VIN THC HIN: Trn Ngc Tr ng Trng MSSV: 07110143 - 07110147 GIO VIN HNG DN: Ths. Nguyn Trn Thi Vn

TP. H CH MINH 2011

LI CM N
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin, Trng i Hc S Phm K Thut Thnh Ph H Ch Minh to iu kin cho chng em thc hin ti nghin cu ny. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn Trn Thi Vn tn tnh hng dn, ch bo chng em trong sut qu trnh nghin cu. Chng em xin cm n qu thy c trong Khoa tn tnh ging dy, trang b cho chng em nhng kin thc nn tng cn thit trong sut qu trnh hc tp ti trng. Chng em cng xin by t lng bit n su sc n ba, m, ngi thn v bn b ng vin, ng h, gip chng em trong sut thi gian hc cng nh qu trnh nghin cu nhiu kh khn, th thch. Mc d rt c gng hon thnh ti mt cch tt nht da trn n lc ca bn thn, song chc chn bi bo co ny khng trnh khi nhng sai st v hn ch, chng em knh mong nhn c s thng cm, gp ch bo ca thy c v cc bn. Nhm thc hin Trn Ngc Tr v ng Trng Thng 6 nm 2011

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

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Ngy ........thng........ nm ............ Ging vin hng dn

(K v ghi r h tn)

NHN XT CA GING VIN PHN BIN

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Ngy ........thng........ nm ............ Ging vin phn bin

(K v ghi r h tn)

MC LC
CHNG I: TNG QUAN .......................................................................................1 1. Game Engine .....................................................................................................1 1.1. 1.2. Game Engine ..............................................................................................1 Mi quan h gia Game Engine v Game .................................................1

2. Phn loi Game Engine .....................................................................................1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. Isometric Engine ........................................................................................1 3D FPS (First Person Shooter) Engine.......................................................2 MMOG (Massively Multiplayer Online Game) Engine ............................3

3. Tm tt ..............................................................................................................3 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C............................5 1. CryEngine 3: .....................................................................................................5 2. jMonkey Engine: ...............................................................................................8 3. Orge Engine: ...................................................................................................13 4. Panda3D: .........................................................................................................15 5. Source Engine: ................................................................................................18 6. Unreal Engine: ................................................................................................28 7. Bng so snh mt s Game Engine: ...............................................................31 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE ........................................................................37 1. Gii thiu ........................................................................................................37 2. L do chn Unity 3D Engine ..........................................................................38 3. Cc tnh nng tiu biu ca Unity 3D Engine ................................................39 4. Tm tt: ...........................................................................................................44 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO ...........................................................46 1. Gii thiu chung ..............................................................................................46 2. Ni dung ct truyn ........................................................................................46 3. Mi trng pht trin ng dng ......................................................................47 4. Quy trnh thit k ............................................................................................47 5. Kt qu t c .............................................................................................53

6. Hng dn s dng .........................................................................................54 7. Tm tt ............................................................................................................55 CHNG V: TNG KT........................................................................................57 1. Kt qu t c .............................................................................................57 2. u im v hn ch ........................................................................................57 3. Hng pht trin v m rng ..........................................................................58 TI LIU THAM KHO .........................................................................................59

PHN M U
Ngy nay, vi s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc cng ngh thc y nhu cu v th trng gii tr cng ngh cao tng nhanh. Cc sn phm gii tr m c bit l Video Game mang li mt ngun li khng l cho ngnh cng nghip my tnh. S cnh tranh khc lit t ra yu cu cc sn phm Game phi ngy cng c cht lng cao hn, a dng hn v thi gian hon thnh ngn hn. Do , Game Engine ra i vi mc ch rt ngn thi gian v gim thiu chi ph trong vic pht trin Game. Cc Game vi quy m va v ln hin nay d a dng v ni dung v chng loi nhng c mt im chung l u c xy dng nh cc Game Engine. Cht lng ca Game ph thuc vo cht lng ca Game Engine m n s dng. Game Engine l thnh phn ct li Game hin nay, c bit l Game 3D. Vic s dng Game Engine xy dng Game l bt buc nu mun to ra mt Game cht lng cao trong mt thi gian ngn v gim thiu chi ph. Mc d ngnh cng nghip Game s dng Game Engine v ang rt thnh cng vi nhiu sn phm tuyt vi, tuy nhin vic xy dng Game cng nh ng dng Game Engine nc ta cn kh mi m. Chnh v vy, chng em thc hin ti Kho st mt s Game Engine hin c v ng dng pht trin mt Game c th vi mong mun gp phn to tin tch cc thc y s pht trin ca nn cng nghip Game nc nh trong tng lai. Vi mc tiu l kho st mt s Game Engine hin c, chng em ng vai tr l nhng ngi thu thp thng tin v nhng thnh tu ca nn cng nghip Game trn th gii, gii thiu v nu ra nhng c im chnh v mt s Game Engine hin c. Bn cnh chng em cng pht trin mt Game demo da trn Unity Engine ca nh pht trin Unity Technologies. Sn phm m chng em t c l mt Game 3D n gin, ch yu dng ni ln rng vic ng dng Game Engine to ra mt Game 3D cho chnh mnh l iu hon ton c th lm c.

Ni dung ca bi tiu lun c chia thnh 4 phn, trong phn u tp trung gii thiu v Game Engine ni chung v mt s Game Engine ang c s dng trn th gii; phn 2 dng ni v Engine m chng em s dng cho pht trin Game demo l Unity Engine; phn 3 chng em s gii thiu v sn phm Game m chng em t c; phn 4 l phn tm tt kt qu t c v ra hng pht trin trong tng lai.

MT S THUT NG CHUYN MN
BSD license: vit tt ca cm t Berkeley Software Distribution, l tn gi ca mt loi giy php s dng phn mm trong nhm min ph vi c im l c t yu cu v vic phn phi li phn mm, tri ngc vi loi giy php copyleft. Bullet: l mt engine vt l ngun m chuyn dng cho vic x l cc tng tc trong khng gian 3 chiu, thng dng trong game v to hiu ng cho phim. CEGUI: vit tt ca cm t Crazy Eddie's GUI, l mt h thng th vin giao din ha ngi dng vit bng C++. N c thit k ring cho cc nhu cu lm game video nhng cc th vin vn c th dng c cho nhng mc ch khc. Cg: vit tt ca cm t C for Graphics, l mt ngn ng ha cp cao c pht trin t s hp tc gia NVIDIA v Microsoft vi mc ch h tr lp trnh vertex v pixel shader. N cng tng t nh cng ngh HLSL ca Microsoft. FMOD: l mt b th vin m thanh c to ra bi Firelight Technologies nhm h tr pht nhiu nh dng m thanh khc nhau trn nhiu nn tng, c dng trong vic pht trin game v cc ng dng c s dng cc chc nng v m thanh. GLSL: vit tt ca cm t OpenGL Shading Language, l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng cp cao da trn C, do OpenGL ARB to ra nhm h tr lp trnh vin iu khin trc tip n phn cng m khng cn phi vit m hp ng hoc cc ngn ng lp trnh cp thp. Google Summer of Code: mt chng trnh din ra t thng 5 n thng 8 hng nm do Google t chc (bt u vo nm 2005) nhm mc ch to ra sn chi cho cc lp trnh vin th hin ti nng ca mnh trong vic xy dng cc d n phn mm ngun m hoc min ph vi gii thng ln n 5000 USD vo nm 2010 HDRR: vit tt ca cm t high dynamic range rendering, l cng ngh dng hnh ha khung cnh bng cc thut ton chiu sng thc hin trn mt vng rng ln. HLSL: vit tt ca cm t High Level Shader Language, l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng do Microsoft pht trin nhm khai thc cc API Direct3D. LOD: vit tt ca cm t Level of detail, l mt k thut lm tng hiu qu dng hnh.

 Navigation mesh: l mt cu trc d liu tru tng dng cho cc ng dng tr tu nhn to nhm h tr vic tm ng i trong mt khng gian rng ln. Octree: l mt cu trc d liu m mi nt s c ng 8 nt con, dng chia khng gian 3 chiu thnh 8 phn nh. Particle system: l mt k thut ha my tnh dng m phng chnh xc cc hin tng m o m nu dng cc k thut dng hnh thng thng s kh thc hin c, v d nh m phng m la, cc v n, khi, nc chy, l ri, tuyt, sng m, bi, ui sao chi, Per-pixel lighting: m ch mt tp hp cc phng thc tnh ton s chiu sng ti tng im nh khi dng hnh. Phong Lighting: l mt m hnh chiu sng cc b ti nhng im trn b mt i tng. Ragdoll physics: l mt loi phng thc chuyn ng m phng thc t c kt hp vi cc khp ni mang li trung thc cao. Ray-Tracing: l mt k thut to nh bng cch theo du ng i ca tia sng qua cc im trong mt phng ca nh v m phng hiu ng phn chiu. Screen Space Ambient Occlusion: l mt k thut dng hnh khai thc hiu qu ca k thut sinh hiu ng Ambient Occlusion theo thi gian thc. Shader: l mt tp hp cc cu lnh dng tnh ton cc hiu ng dng hnh trn phn cng ha mc linh hot cao. Subsurface scattering: l k thut chiu sng xuyn qua b mt ca nhng i tng trong sut, b tn x khi tng tc vi vt cht v thot ra khi b mt ti nhng im khc nhau. VMPI: vit tt ca cm t Valve Message Passing Interface, l mt cng c c Valve pht trin v tch hp vo Source Engine. WYSIWYG: vit tt ca cm t What You See Is What You Get, l mt cm t m t nhng h thng c kh nng hin th ni dung khi son tho ging nh nhng g s c xut ra mn hnh khi hon tt

1 CHNG I: TNG QUAN

CHNG I: TNG QUAN

1. Game Engine 1.1. Game Engine
Game Engine l mt phn mm c thit k c bit xy dng v pht trin video game. Hin nay c rt nhiu loi Game Engine dng pht trin game cho c h my console v my tnh c nhn (PC). Cc thnh phn ct li ca 1 game engine bao gm: H thng dng hnh (kt xut) ha 2D v 3D (Render System). H thng tnh ton tng tc vt l v pht hin va chm (Physics System). H thng tr tu nhn to (Artificial Intelligence System). H thng phn lung, qun l b nh v to dng x l d liu. H thng din hot (Animation System). H thng h tr mng (Network System). H thng to hiu ng m thanh, hnh nh,
1.2.Mi quan h gia Game Engine v Game

Game Engine l thnh phn ct li to nn nn mng pht trin Game. Cng ging nh ng c v xe: chng ta c th sn xut ra nhiu mu m xe khc nhau dng cng mt loi ng c, sc mnh ca chic xe ph thuc kh nhiu vo ng c m n s dng. Do cht lng Game ph thuc kh nhiu n cht lng Game Engine m n s dng.

2. Phn loi Game Engine 1.1. Isometric Engine

y l Game Engine c s dng nhiu trong cc Game 2D. Hu ht cc Game Engine thuc loi ny hin nay c 1 s phn h tr 3D v trong tng lai s chuyn hn sang 3D nhm to ra nhng Game c mc chn

2 CHNG I: TNG QUAN

thc cao v tn dng c nhng tnh nng v chiu sng cng nh bng ln cc i tng trong Game. Cc Isometric Engine c dng pht trin Game th loi chin lc (strategy) v th loi nhp vai (RPG Role Game Play Genre). Mt s ta Game c pht trin da trn cc Isometric Engine c th k n nh: Age of Empires, Diablo, Hellfire, Baldurs Gate, Warlords Battle Cry,

1.2.

3D FPS (First Person Shooter) Engine

3D FPS Engine l mt loi Game Engine c bit chuyn dng m

phng mi trng 3D trong cc Game th loi bn sng gc nhn th nht (FPS video game). First-Person c ngha l gc nhn trong game s thay i theo chuyn ng ca mt nhn vt trung tm, cn Shooter i din cho cc ta game c cch chi ch yu xoay quanh vic iu khin nhn vt chnh git cc nhn vt khc trong game. Mt c trng c bn ca cc FPS Engine l kh nng h tr rt nhiu cc chc nng trong khng gian 3 chiu nh dng hnh 3 chiu, t bng (shader), din hot (animation), m phng tng tc vt l v pht hin va chm, m phng chuyn ng vt th, m phng cht lng, o qun, b mt a hnh v nhiu hiu ng phc tp khc. Cng vi s pht trin mang tnh t ph ca cng ngh trong nhng nm gn y, ha trong cc FPS Engine c nhng bc tin vt bc, mang li cho ngi dng nhng ta Game khng ch c ni dung li cun m hnh nh ngy cng sng ng nh i tht. Cc ta Game c xy dng da trn cc 3D FPS Engine c th k n nh: Doom, Half-life, Counter Strike, Unreal Tournament, Call of Duty, Halo, Hitman, Far Cry, Crysis, Hu ht cc FPS Engine u c km theo cng c h tr dng hnh v x l tng tc vt l. Bn cnh chng ta cng c th np cc i tng

3 CHNG I: TNG QUAN

m hnh 3D c ng gi t cc phn mm chuyn dng khc nh 3DS Max, Maya, Blender,

1.3.

MMOG (Massively Multiplayer Online Game) Engine

MMOG Engine l loi Game Engine c thit k chuyn dng pht

trin cc game nhiu ngi chi. Do c im ny m vic x l v truyn ti d liu qua mng cc k quan trng i vi MMOG Engine. Cc Game a ngi chi thng cha mt lng d liu kh ln v phn tn trn thit b ca mi ngi chi, ng thi cc d liu ny phi c x l v truyn ti n tt c ngi chi cng 1 lc. Chnh v vy m kh nng s dng hp l bng thng mng cc k quan trng v l yu t sng cn ca MMOG Engine. Mt MMOG Engine tt l phi c kh nng ti u lng d liu truyn i mt cch trit . a s cc MMOG Engine hin nay u tng thch v c tch hp vi mt FPS Engine. Nh vy m ngoi kh nng cho php nhiu ngi chi tham gia cng lc th cc MMOG Engine cng xy dng c nhng Game c kh nng tha mn ngi chi nh m phng th gii thc kh tt v tnh ngh thut cng c m bo. Mt s Game ni ting c pht trin t cc MMOG Engine hin nay l: World of Warcraft, Final Fantasy XI, Star Wars Galaxies, The Matrix Online, World War II Online, Need for Speed: World,

3. Tm tt
Trong bi cnh cng ngh pht trin vt bc hin nay, hu ht cc Game u c pht trin da trn mt Game Engine c th. Nhu cu ngy cng cao t pha ngi dng thc y cc nh pht trin Game phi cho ra mt cc Game ngy cng hp dn hn, hnh nh sng ng v thc t hn, ng thi chi ph thp hn v thi gian pht trin ngn hn. Do vic ng dng Game Engine tr thnh tt yu. Cht lng ca Game Engine nh hng rt ln n cht lng ca Game c to ra t n.

4 CHNG I: TNG QUAN

Cc Game Engine c chia thnh 3 loi da vo th loi game m n to ra, l Isometric Engine, FPS Engine v MMOG Engine. Tuy nhin vic phn chia ny ch mang tnh tng i do cng ngy cc Game Engine cng hon thin v c tch hp nhng chc nng t cc loi khc nhm to ra nhng sn phm tha mn c yu cu ngi dng v c tnh cnh tranh. Vic tm hiu v cc Game Engine s gip chng ta c nhng kin thc c bn v tng Game Engine, t chng ta c th nh gi c u l mt Game Engine ph hp vi nhu cu v ti tin chng ta u t pht trin mt Game cho ring mnh.

5 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

1. CryEngine 3:
CryEngine 3 l Game Engine c Crytek pht trin v pht hnh vo 4 thng 10 nm 2009, l mt bc pht trin tip ni theo phin bn CryEngine 2 kh thnh cng ca hng. Theo Crytek, CryEngine 3 c to ra vi tham vng tr thnh cng c pht trin game tt c trong mt, ng dng trn c Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 v Xbox 360. Ring i vi nn PC, CryEngine 3 s h tr tt c DirctX 9, 10, 11. im ni tri so vi cc engine ng thi l tp trung vo mt x l hnh nh, ngoi ra hiu ng m thanh v chuyn ng cng c m phng xut sc. Nhng ta game nh Far Cry, Crysis, Crysis Warhead, Crysis 2 v Aion: Tower of Eternity l nhng ci tn tiu biu s dng Cry Engine. Cc c im chnh ca CryEngine 3: Nng cp ch WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) cho mi nn tng trong b son tho Sandbox. B sung cc bn cp nht cho mi nn tng trong b son tho Sandbox. th lung. H thng pht sinh a hnh v cy c tnh hp. B son tho FX tch hp v particle system thi gian thc. B cng c h tr Road & River. B to hnh xe c gii. H tr CPU a nhn. H thng chiu sng ton b linh hot theo thi gian thc. Deferred lighting H thng chiu sng v bng ng.

6 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Ci thin kh nng hin th vt th xa H thng bn game. H thng h tr to khng gian chi Cng ngh "Uber Shader". H thng m phng mt nhn v chiu sng HDR. H thng nhe nh khi chuyn ng v hiu ng ly nt vt th. H thng din hot nhn vt. H thng c tnh ha nhn vt. H thng din hot da trn khung xng K thut chuyn ng cong v chuyn ng ngc. B chnh sa din hot b mt. Subsurface scattering H thng tr tu nhn to. H thng tm ng i linh hot. B pht sinh navigation mesh t ng. H thng hiu ng t nhin. H thng nng cao cht lng hnh nh theo thi gian thc. H thng dng hnh nc cht lng cao. H thng hiu ng nh sng ng. H thng vt l tch hp h tr a lung. B cng c phn tch hin th. H thng dng hnh cht lng cao Offline Rendering B bin dch m ngun H thng m thanh hng d liu. H thng tng tc m nhc v ting ng. H thng dng hnh tc cao. Sound moods K thut Ray-Tracing.

7 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Mt s game c pht trin bng CryEngine 3: Ta Game ASTA Ngy pht hnh Nh pht trin Nh pht hnh Cha bit Polygon Games ArcheAge Cabal 2 Ryse 2012 Cha bit Cha bit Thng 3 nm 2011 Cha bit Cha bit XL Games ESTsoft Crytek GmbH Microsoft Game Studios Crysis 2 Crytek GmbH Electronics Arts Windows, PS 3, Xbox 360 Forge by Chaos Lichdom Xaviant Windows, PS 3, Xbox 360 Nexuiz H nm 2011 IIIFonic Windows, PS 3, Xbox 360 Sniper:Ghost Warrior 2 Tour Golf Online Warface Cha bit Cha bit Cha bit City Interactive OnNet, OnNet USA Crytek Seoul Tencent Holdings Windows OnNet Windows, Xbox 360 Windows Panzar Studio Windows XL Games Windows Windows Xbox 360 NHN Nn tng Windows

8 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

2. jMonkey Engine:
.jMonkey Engine (jME) l c to ra nhm dnh ring cho vic pht trin ha 3 chiu theo hng hin i. Ton b d n jMonkey Engine c da trn ngn ng Java cho kh nng tip cn cao. H thng ha tin tin h tr OpenGL 2 thng qua Lightweight Java Game Library (LWJGL) mt b th vin Java ngun m chuyn dng pht trin game. jME c xem nh l mt cng c pht trin game cp thp. V l mt tp hp cc th vin, jME hu nh khng t ra mt gii hn no cho lp trnh vin. Nn tng jMonkey cho php ty chn cc b th vin nn. jME l mt d n ngun m mang tnh cng ng cao, c pht hnh theo giy php BSD v c s dng trong mt s xng lm game thng mi hoc cc c quan gio dc. Nhng c im ng ch trong jMonkey Engine: Shaders: jME3 mang li s d dng khi s dng cc shader, chng ta c th va hc cng ngh GLSL trong lc p dng n ln cc m hnh ca chng ta. Kin trc da trn shader cho php jME tng thch hon ton vi cc chun ha hin ti v tng lai. Cc cng ngh shader m jME c gm: o GLSL. o Cc th vin Shader. o Cc b hon v Shader. Lighting: h thng m phng nh sng ca jME s dng nhiu cng ngh tin tin: o Per-pixel lighting o Multi-pass lighting o Phong Lighting Diffuse Map

9 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Alpha Map GlowMap Bump Map Specular Map Parallax Map o Tangent shading o Reflection Physics: h thng vt l trong jME s dng b th vin jBullet mt phin bn Java ca th vin Bullet Physics c nhiu nh pht trin game s dng. Vic ng gi Bullet vo cc i tng jME m bo s tng tc d dng v nhng bn cp nht sau ny c th h tr tt th vin Bullet c cng nh phn cng tng tc x l ha. Nhng c tnh khc ca h thng vt l: o JBullet binding Physical characters Physical joints and hinges Ray-cast vehicle o Ragdoll physics o Multi-threaded physics o Mesh-accurate collision shapes Special Effects: h thng to hiu ng c bit bao gm: o Particles: Smoke, fire, explosions, etc o Post processing / 2D Filter Effects Reflective Water Shadow mapping High Dynamic Range rendering Screen Space Ambient Occlusion Light Scattering

10 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Cartoon Effect Fog Bloom Depth of Field Blur Asset System: h thng qun l ti sn s dng cc tp tin m t cho cc vt cht, m hnh, giao din ngi dng, h tr ngi thit k v lp trnh vin c th lm vic c lp vi nhau. Cc tnh nng m Asset System cung cp: o Asset importing Animation Meshes Textures Scenes Materials Shaders o Multi-threaded asset loading via HTTP o Loading scenes from .ZIP files o Sharable AssetPacks Texturing: h thng ha tit s dng cc cng ngh: o Texturing o Multi-texturing through shaders o Splat textures Terrain: h thng i tng a hnh: o Geomipmapped hightmap terrain o Import Ogre3D dotScene format o SkyBox and SkyDome o Terrain lighting Graphical User Interface: giao din ha ngi dng cha cc iu khin:

11 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

o Orthogonal (Billboard) node o Nifty GUI integration Text fields List boxes Drop-downs Sliders & scrollbars Scrollpanel Networking: h thng mng cho php to ch a ngi chi thng qua cng c SpiderMonkey h tr cc c im: o UDP o TCP o Compression o Thread safe Cc nh dng c jME h tr gm: o i tng m hnh c xy dng t Ogre Mesh XML, Ogre DotScene, Wavefront OBJ, MTL o i tng ha tit: DDS, HDR, PFM, TGA, JPG, PNG, GIF o Font: Bitmap fonts o m thanh: WAV and OGG (OpenAL, Ogg Vorbis) o Video: OGV (Ogg Vorbis) o nh dng tp tin nh phn jME3 (i tng v khung cnh): j3o o nh dng tp tin i tng vt cht jME3: j3m o nh dng tp tin nh ngha vt cht jME3: j3md Mt s d n c pht trin t jME:

12 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Ta Game Nord (game web trn facebook) Open Wonderland (b cng c ngun m chuyn dng to ra th gii o 3 chiu c kh nng tng tc cao)

Ngy pht hnh Cha bit

Nh pht trin
SkyGoblin

Nh pht hnh
SkyGoblin

Nn tng

Thng 5/2010

Windows, Mac OS X, Linux Open Wonderland Open Wonderland Windows, Foundation, Sun Foundation, Sun Mac OS X, Microsystems Microsystems Linux

13 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

3. Orge Engine:
OGRE (Object-Oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) l mt Engine dng hnh 3D linh hot v tp trung vo khung cnh (hn l mt cng c to game) c vit bng C++, c thit k mang li s n gin v trc quan hn cho nh pht trin trong vic to ra nhng ng dng c khai thc phn cng tng tc ha 3D. B th vin ca OGRE tru tng ha cc cc th vin mc h thng nh Direct3D v OpenGL cung cp mt giao din lp trnh da trn cc i tng th gii thc v cc lp cp cao. Nh ni trn, ci tn OGRE cng ni ln c chc nng chnh ca Engine ny l dng hnh, do mc ch ban u ca nh pht trin l cung cp mt gii php chung h tr cho cng vic kt xut hnh nh. Mc d OGRE cng c trang b nhiu tnh nng khc (nh cc lp chuyn v ma trn v vector, cng c qun l b nh,) nhng ch l nhng tnh nng ph thm. V th, OGRE khng phi l mt la chn hon ho cho cng vic pht trin game do n khng cung cp cc h tr v m thanh, h thng vt l,Mc d c v nh y l mt hn ch ln ca OGRE, song cng l mt c im kh hay. Vic la chn OGRE nh l mt Engine chuyn v ha cho php nhng nh pht trin Game t do s dng bt c h thng vt l, nhp xut, m thanh hay b th vin no m h mun, ng thi cng gip cho nhm pht trin OGRE tp trung vo mng ha thay v phi phn tn cng sc cho nhng cng vic khc. OGRE hon ton h tr cc b th vin OIS, SDL v CEGUI v c b cng c Cg. Mt s c im ng ch ca OGRE: Thit k hng i tng, c kh nng nng cp bng plugin, do tng tnh m-un. L mt Engine thin v ha, h tr nhiu cng c qun l hnh nh nh octree, BSP v Paging Landscape. L mt Engine a nn tng, h tr tt OpenGL v Direct3D. OGRE c kh nng kt xut nhng ni dung ging nhau trn nhng nn tng khc nhau m khng cn bn tm nhiu n c im ca nn tng , do lm gim tnh phc tp trong vic pht trin Game a nn tng. OGRE hin ti h tr cho c Linux, Mac OS X v tt c cc phin bn Windows.

14 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

H tr lp trnh Vertex v Fragment cng nh b to bng truyn thng c vit bng GLSL, HLSL, Cg v assembler. B qun l khung cnh h tr k thut tin tin LOD (Progressive Level of Details). H thng din hot (animation) cung cp y cc tnh nng cho vic x l chuyn ng khung xng da trn trng lng, cho php th hin c nhiu t th khc nhau. OGRE cn c cng c qun l nh a lp c h tr ngn ng kch bn v cng ngh to tng hiu ng hnh nh (Video postprocessing) nh HDR (High Dynamic Range rendering), blooming, saturation, brightness, blurring v noise. H tr g li b nh v np ti nguyn. H tr nhiu cng c kt xut ni dung cho hu ht cc phn mm to m hnh 3 chiu nh 3ds Max, Maya, Blender, LightWave, Milkshape, Sketchup, Trong vi nm tr li y, rt nhiu d n tham gia chng trnh Google Summer of Code c thc hin dnh cho OGRE Engine. Mt s Game in hnh c pht trin bng OGRE Engine:
Ta Game Pacific Storm Ngy pht hnh 28/12/2006 Nh pht trin Lesta Studio Nh pht hnh Buka Entertainment, CDV Exor Studios NimbleBit BHV Software Nn tng Windows

Zombie Driver Zero Gear Ankh: Heart of Osiris Earth Eternal

04/12/2009 12/01/2010 Nm 2006 Cha bit

Exor Studios NimbleBit Deck13 Interactive Turnout Ventures Limited Dead Mage Inc.

Garshasp: The Monster Slayer

Thng 5, 2011

Turnout Ventures Limited, Sankando Corporation Just A Game

Windows Windows Windows, Linux, Mac OS X Windows

Windows, Linux

15 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

4. Panda3D:
Panda3D l mt Game Engine bao gm cc chc nng v ha, m thanh, qun l nhp xut, h thng pht hin va chm v nhng chc nng khc ph hp vi nhim v pht trin Game 3 chiu. Panda3D l Engine m ngun m theo giy php s dng BSD c cp vo ngy 28 thng 5 nm 2008. Thc t th nhng phin bn c pht hnh trc ngy 28 thng 5 nm 2008 khng c xem l min ph v mt s sai st trong giy php c ca Panda3D. Mc d vy th nhng phin bn Panda3D pht hnh sau ny u c th c s dng pht trin game min ph hoc mang tnh thng mi m khng phi tr ph. Ngn ng kch bn dng trong Panda3D l Python. Bn thn Engine c vit bng C++ v s dng mt b sinh m t ng to thnh cc chc nng hon chnh cho Engine thng qua giao din ca Python. Cch tip cn ny gip ngi pht trin game tn dng c nhng u im ca vic lp trnh Python, nh l h tr lp trnh nhanh v qun l b nh tt hn, nhng vn gi li c u im v kh nng bin dch ca C++ bn trong nhn ca Engine. C th, Engine ny tch hp b dn rc t ng ca Python v cng c qun l cu trc t ng. Ngi pht trin game dng Panda3D thng thng phi vit m bng ngn ng Python, nhng Engine cng cho php lp trnh trc tip bng C++. Panda3D thng c dng cho nhng game thng mi c ln, mt s d n m ngun m v vi kha hc trng i hc. Mc d cng ng s dng Panda3D kh nh nhng li rt nng ng, nhng vn gp phi trn cc din n hu nh u c tr li nhanh chng. V mt thit k, Panda3D l mt Engine chuyn v ha khng gian, ngha l n s to ra mt th gii o theo thuyt -cc cc nh pht trin game thm cc m hnh 3 chiu vo. Panda3D khng phn bit r rng gia nhng m hnh 3 chiu ln nh mt hn o vi nhng m hnh 3 chiu

16 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

nh nh ci bn hay thanh kim. C 2 loi m hnh 3 chiu trn u c to ra nh nhng phn mm m hnh chun nh Blender, 3ds Max hoc Maya sau c np vo Panda3D v thm vo trong khng gian -cc. Panda3D s dng nhng chc nng ca OpenGL v DirectX dng hnh. V d, c OpenGL v DirectX u c kh nng to i tng sng m, to sng m trong Panda3D ta ch cn lu tham s sng m tng ng vi cc API s c gi bn di vo mt nt trong th khng gian. Theo , chng ta khng cn phi thao tc vi cc API cp thp na. Ngoi ra Panda3D cng cung cp nhng phng thc cp cao hn nh np m hnh, thc thi chuyn ng, pht hin va chm, Panda3D c to ra trc khi c s xut hin ca cc khi nim vertex shader v pixel shader. V th n ch c h tr vit m to bng bng tay trong nm 2005. iu cn tr lp trnh vin dng Panda3D tip cn n nhng k thut chiu sng tng im nh hin i trong cc game m h to ra, bi v vic lp trnh bng bng tay kh kh khn v phc tp nn nhng ngi pht trin game mong mun Panda3D Engine c th thc hin vic mt cch t ng. khc phc hn ch ny, nhng ngi pht trin Panda3D Engine thm vo kh nng tng hp cc hiu ng bng mt cch t ng. B tng hp ny s c thc thi khi lp trnh vin nh du mt m hnh vi kh nng chiu sng tng im nh, hoc khi lp trnh vin p dng vo mt bn thng, bn ch thch, bn t chiu sng hoc nhng chc nng dng n cc ng dn lnh chc nng sn c. Mc ch ca b tng hp ny nhm dng ln cc m hnh c cht lng cao m ngi lp trnh khng cn phi tc ng g thm. Panda3D cn cung cp nhng chc nng khc ngoi nhng chc nng h tr dng hnh 3D, c bit l:

17 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

B cng c phn tch kh nng trnh din. B cng c kho st th khng gian. B cng c pht hin v sa li. ng lnh h tr nhp/xut i tng ngh thut. H thng m thanh 3 chiu s dng FMOD, OpenAL v Miles Sound System. H thng pht hin va chm. H thng vt l tch hp y Engine Open Dynamics, PhysX v Bullet. H tr chut v bn phm. H tr cc thit b nhp xut. H thng trng thi hu hn. GUI. H tr mng.
H thng tr tu nhn to.

Mt s game ni ting c pht trin t Panda3D:

Ta Game Ngy pht hnh Disney's Toontown Online 02/6/2003 Walt Disney Internet Group Pirates of the Caribbean Online 31/10/2007 Disney Interactive Media Group The Walt Disney Company Disney Interactive Studios Windows, Mac OS X Windows, Mac OS X Nh pht trin Nh pht hnh Nn tng

18 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

5. Source Engine:
Source Engine c pht trin bi Valve Corporation, c gii thiu ln u vo nm 2004 cng vi game Counter-Strike: Source v khng lu sau l game Half-life 2. Source Engine l mt trong nhng thnh cng ln v mt cng ngh ca Valve, v l nn tng cho nhng ta game xut sc nh Half-Life 2, Garry's Mod, Team Fortress v Left 4 Dead. Cho n nay, cng ng lm game t do vn bit n Source nh mt trong nhng engine chc chn v hiu qu nht cho cc nhm nh v va. V H thng dng hnh: Source cung cp nhng cng ngh tin tin h tr xy dng mi trng game nhanh chng, linh hot v c tnh chn thc cao. B dng hnh hiu nng cao h tr nh pht trin game to ra nhng cnh game phc tp mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu. Bn cnh , Source cng s dng nhng cng ngh x l mi nht trn CPU nh h tr a nhn v SIMD (Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream) cng nh trn GPU thng qua DirectX, mang li cho chng ta mt ci nhn chn thc trong th gii o. C th: Cng ngh to bng tin tin: o H tr cc b to bng HLSL. o S dng th vin h tr to bng cao cp. o S dng cng ngh LOD (Level of Detail) cho cc m hnh v th gii o. o Cng ngh Alpha-to-Coverage cho php kh rng ca trn cc i tng nh cy c, hng ro, o Cng ngh Infinite Resolution Masking H thng chiu sng v to bng ng: o Radiosity Lightning cho hiu ng chiu sng chn thc trn cc i tng hnh hc khi kt hp vi bn nh sng.

19 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

o Cng ngh HDR lightning tnh ton d liu t bn nh sng, bn mi trng v cc ngun sng ng cho ra hiu ng chiu sng t nhin, h tr cho c DirectX 9. o Cng ngh Radian Transfer/Indirect Lightning tnh ton nh sng phn x, to hiu ng nh sng trung thc trn cc nhn vt v i tng ng trong game. o Cng ngh High Performance Dynamic Shadows pht sinh bng ti cho cc i tng trong th gii game. o Cng ngh Shadow Depth Mapping to hiu ng bng c chiu su v sc nt. o Cng ngh Rim Lighting c dng to im nhn cho nhng nhn vt chnh trong game. o Cng ngh Advanced Material Rendering dng to ra cc hiu ng nh sng nh khuch tn, phn chiu, pht sng, lp lnh, H thng to hiu ng: o Full Range of Special Effects: to ra cc hiu ng mi trng nh sng m, ma, v cc hiu ng nh mu, tia la, khi, tia sng, o Particle Effects: h thng ht ca Source c kh nng to ra hiu ng la, v n, tuyt ri, ng thi kh nng ti u phn cng ha a nhn lm tng hiu nng trnh din. o Particle Editor: b chnh sa v to mi h thng ht c th xem trc v kh nng chnh sa h thng trc tip trong game. o Soft Particle: h tr kh giao im th cho h thng dng hnh.

20 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

o Motion Blur: to hiu ng chuyn ng ton mn hnh theo thi gian thc. o Water: to ra b mt nc phn chiu nh snh nh tht bng hiu ng khc x v hiu ng Fresnel. H thng vt cht: o Source nh ngha mt tp cc vt cht v ha tit cho tng i tng ring l. o Self-shadowed Bump Maps: h thng to bng khuch tn h tr cho c phn cng c. o Wrinkle Maps: chuyn dng cho b mt v np gp ca vi. o Detail Textures: t hp cc ha tit tn s cao v thp vi nhau nhm bo m duy tr mc s dng b nh ha m khng lm gim sc nt ca cc ha tit. o Versatile Multi-Texture Blending: nh ngha cc mt n pha trn vi cc cnh sc bin thin, t hp cc ha tit theo nhiu kiu khc nhau v p dng b cn chnh mu sc b mt. o Dynamic Color Correction: b cn chnh mu sc ng cho php chnh sa sc thi mu v tng phn theo ng phong cch ngh thut. H thng m hnh v din hot: tng thch vi hu ht cc phn mm to m hnh ha 3 chiu hin c, cho php chng ta m hnh ha cc nhn vt, v kh, xe c v khung cnh mt cch trung thc bn trong mi trng pht trin ca Source. B cng c mnh m cho php chng ta dn dng v nh ngha nhng tng tc vt l sng ng cho mi i tng v nhn vt trong game.

21 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

H thng m hnh li nhn vt cao cp: to ra nhng nhn vt theo ng nhng c im ngoi i thc o H thng m phng c bp din t cm xc, cch ni chuyn v ngn ng c th ca cc nhn vt. o M hnh mt dng cu phn chiu nh sng mt cch trung thc v tp trung vo ngi chi/i tng, khc vi cch nhn song song. o Tnh nng Language independent speech cho php m phng chuyn ng mi nhn vt khi ni chuyn bng bt k ngn ng no. o Nng cp sc thi da nhn vt theo nhng thut ton chuyn dng. o H tr nhp cc m hnh t cc phn mm to m hnh ha chuyn nghip nh Autodesk Maya, 3ds Max, and Gmax; SOFTIMAGE | XSI, Blender, LightWave 3D, Maxon CINEMA 4D, Milkshape 3D, FragMOTION. o B bin dch m hnh v vt cht vi cc cng c Vtex v Studiomdl. o Cho php xem trc m hnh vi ch xem wireframe, shaded hay textured. B cng c din hot cao cp: o H thng Skeleton Animation: ni khp cc m hnh vi nhau cho cc chuyn ng phc tp. o H thng Facial Animation: m phng cc trng thi cm xc trn khun mt vi s phi hp ca hn 40 c ring bit. o B cng c Procedural Animation cao cp: iu khin chuyn ng theo m hnh khung xng.

22 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

o Animation Blending: phi hp ng tc mt cch lin mch nhm to ra nhng chuyn ng ni tip hoc thm chiu su vo cc v tr ca nhn vt. o Layered Animation Blending: tng hp chuyn ng t nhiu phn li vi nhau: o Faceposer: cng c h tr to xc cm trn khun mt. H thng mi trng game: cng c to bn Valve Hammer Editor l mt mi trng thit k trc quan cho vic to dng cc kin trc (hnh hc, ha tit, nh sng); xy dng v vit m cho cc m hnh, thc th v cc nhn vt t ng, bin dch v thc thi cc cp game. Ngoi ra cn c cng c VMPI gip gim ng k thi gian to bn bng cch phn phi ti nguyn cho nhiu nn tng khc nhau. Mt s c im khc: Displacement Surfaces: t do to v iu khc cc ngn i t nhin, cc thung lng, rnh su, cc con dc v nhng ng hm; ng thi c th bin i v ct xn nhng i tng trn bng cc cng c sn c. Brush Entities: nh ngha cch m cc i tng tng tc vi mi trng xung quanh. Skyboxes: bn mi trng khi lp phng (skyboxing) m rng ra chiu ngang v thm th sai vo cc i tng xa. Lighting Preview: d dng xem trc cc hiu ng ca cc ngun sng. Model Browser: tch hp bn trong Valve Hammer Editor, gip chng ta tm kim, xem trc v sp t cc m hnh. H thng vt l (Physics): H thng vt l h tr mng v c kh nng tng thch cao ca Source lm vic tt vi c vi x l v bng thng mng. Vic to dng th gii game linh hot v nhy cm, ni m cc nhn vt c tr tu nhn to tng tc vi cc i tng m phng khc, tng tc m

23 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

thanh v ha u do h thng vt l m nhn. Cc c tnh ca h thng vt l c th c kim sot mc thit k. Machinery: to dng cc chi tit my mc vi nhng chc nng c hc, b bnh rng, dy curoa v rng rc. Vehicles: h thng m phng trung thc chuyn ng ca xe vi cc l xo trn mi bnh xe, cc bnh xe ln v trt ph thuc vo cht liu mt ng. Nhng tham s bin thin ring bit nh cng sut (m lc), Individually tunable parameters include horsepower, h thng sang s, tc ti a, cht liu v ma st lp, co gin l xo, nghing trong qu trnh tng tc, gim tc v i hng s mang li nhng tri nghim chn thc khi li xe. Deformable Objects: h thng din hot da trn cc lut vt l m phng cc chuyn ng phc tp ca tc, qun o v phi hp cc c ng c th. Cc i tng dy thng v cp c th rung lc hoc t gy mt cch linh ng. H thng qun l cc rng buc h thng: nh ngha chuyn ng khung xng bn trong h thng vt l bng mt lot cc rng buc cung cp nhng chuyn ng phc tp khng gii hn. Inverse Kinematics: m bo chn tay ca nhn vt phn ng chnh xc vi mi trng xung quanh, nh chuyn ng xung quanh vt cn v a hnh gp ghnh. H thng tr tu nhn to: sc mnh ca nhng game c xy dng t Source Engine c ng gp t kh nng tng tc sng ng gia ngi chi v cc nhn vt thng minh (NPC non-player character) khc. H thng tr tu nhn to iu khin cc NPC i theo ngi chi, tham gia

24 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

vo trn nh hoc nh nhau vi ngi chi trong cc trn chin ngu nhin. Cc nhn vt thng minh c th chy, bay, n n, leo cu thang v o hm. H thng Pathfinding and Navigation tinh vi cho php cc NPC vt qua c nhng vt cn, tm ng i tt nht. H thng cn nhn bit c kch thc ca cc vt th, bit c ni no chng c th i qua v ni no khng, v tnh ton cho cc cch thc chuyn ng bit. H thng AI Sensory m phng cc gic quan ca ngi nh th gic, thnh gic v thm ch l c khu gic xc nh v ln theo du vt i tng. AI Relationships: thit lp mi quan h gia nhng ngi chi v cc NPC to ra tc ng n nhng hnh vi nh ght, thch hay s hi. Battle AI: cc nhm nhng nhn vt thng minh c th hp tc v chia s kin thc v k th. Cc thnh vin trong nhm thng xuyn theo di trng thi ca nhau, trong lc mt thnh vin bn ym tr th cc thnh vin khc c th tm cch duy chuyn hoc np li bng n. I/O System: H thng nhp xut linh hot cho php nh thit k cp chi iu khin AI m khng cn phi vit m. H thng h tr lp trnh: do c thit k ton b bng C++ nn Source Engine c cu trc linh ng c th m rng. Nhng ngi s hu cng ngh Source c quyn truy cp n tt c m ngun m Valve s dng pht trin Source Engine cng nh cc game m hng ny pht trin. iu ny cho php i ng pht trin tit kim thi gian rt nhiu so vi vic lm li t u. Cc c im h tr lp trnh:

25 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Multi-platform: c th s dng Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 vit m cho c PC v Xbox 360. Multi-core: nhng game c pht trin t Source Engine c kh nng tn dng cc vi x l a nhn ca c PC v Xbox 360 mang li nhng tri nghim game hiu nng cao. Code Reuse: h tr to mi lut chi, cc hnh vi ca AI, cc i tng trong game, d dng v nhanh chng nh kh nng ti s dng cc on m c Valve cung cp. Complete Control: cho php to ra cc bn ci tin theo mun cho game ca chng ta. Efficiency: tn dng c u im ca cc k thut ti u hiu nng v b nh m Valve pht trin cho cc game ca h. Profiling : s dng cc cng c sn c ca Valve theo di video, kt ni mng v hiu nng game.. Presentation: b th vin giao din ha ngi dng h tr a nn tng ca Valve ging nh hu ht cc control ca Windows nhng c ti u ha cho game v giao din ngi dng. H thng m thanh (Audio): Source Engine cha mt b cc cng ngh m thanh s cht lng cao phc v cho hiu ng m thanh trong th gii game. Nhng hiu ng pha trn m ni tip, nhng cuc hi thoi v m nhc sng ng mang li mt tri nghim chi game trung thc. Threaded Sound Engine. Lung x l trn m c chy trn 1 nhn ring bit trong nhng h thng a nhn. Memory Management: m thanh c th c np mt cch bt ng b, c to lung v lu gi trong b m c kch thc c nh.

26 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Surround Sound: h tr m thanh ni, tai nghe, cc b hp m 4 knh v dn loa 5.1. DSP: cung cp cc b lc DSP (digital signal processing) bao gm b ha m, phi kh, b cn chnh bin , b dao ng tn s thp (ADSR) v cc b lc low-pass, high-pass v bandpass. Cc hiu ng t nhng b lc DSP ny c th c sinh ra da trn hnh dng ca mi trng game. Compressed Audio Formats: h tr cc nh dng ADPCM, MP3*, and XMA. Advanced Pre-processing Effects: ngi thit k m thanh c th to ra nhng hiu ng a knh bng cng c to hiu ng tin x l. H tr chun m thanh ni 16-bit 44KHz. Real-time Wave File Stitching: cho php ngi thit k m thanh phi hp nhiu hiu ng vi nhau thay v tng hiu ng tun t. Overall Mix Control: h tr s dng m kch bn ha m. Scripting System for Environmental Sounds: cho php to hiu ng m da vo v tr ca ngi chi trong khng gian. Material-based Effects: cho php s dng m kch bn thit t cc hiu ng m thanh khi va chm, c xt hay ting bc chn, Yu cu phi c giy php bn quyn ca Miles Sound System. H thng mng (Networking): cung cp b phn tch d bo v b tr pha my ch nhm lm gim tr trong kt ni mng. Ngoi ra h thng mng cn c chc nng lp danh sch my ch hin c cho ngi chi la chn. Mt chc nng ni bt khc l h thng gi thng ip tc thi cho php ngi chi trao i thng tin vi nhau.

27 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Mt s game ni ting c xy dng t Source Engine:

Ta Game Ngy pht hnh Counter-Strike: Source 01/11/2004 (Windows) 23/6/2010 (Mac) Half-Life 2 T 16/11/2004 n 26/5/2010 ty vo nn tng Day of Defeat: Source Left 4 Dead 17/11/2008 26/9/2005 Valve Corporation Valve Corporation
Valve Corporation Valve Corporation

Nh pht trin

Nh pht hnh

Nn tng

Valve Corporation, Hidden Path Entertainment Valve Corporation

Valve Corporation

Windows, Mac OS X

Valve Corporation, Sierra Entertainment

Windows, Xbox, Xbox 360, PS 3, Mac OS X

Windows, Mac OS X Windows, Mac OS X, Xbox 360

Team Fortress 2

09/10/2007

Valve Corporation

Valve Corporation

Windows, Mac OS X, Xbox 360, PS 3

28 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

6. Unreal Engine:
Unreal Engine l Game Engine c pht trin bi Epic Games. T ln ra mt u tin vo nm 1998 vi game Unreal, n t nn mng cho nhng game sau ny nh Unreal Tournament, Deus Ex, Turok, Tom Clancys Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield, Tom Clancys Rainbow Six: Vegas, Americas Army, Red Steel, Gears of War, BioShock, BioShock 2, Star Wars Republic Commando, Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror, Borderlands, Destroy All Humans! Path of the Furon, Batman: Arkham Asylum, Section 8, Stranded, Mc d Engine ny c nhm n th loi FPS nhng n cng t ra kh thnh cng khi dng cho nhiu th loi game khc nh stealth (trong game Tom Clancys Splinter Cell), MMORPG (trong game Vanguard: Saga of Heroes) cng nh RPG vi cc game Mass Effect, The Last Remmant, Killing Floor v Harry Porter and the Philosophers Stone. Cng ngh ca Epic Games c coi l i th cnh tranh trc tip ca Cry Engine v cng c p dng ph bin nht trong cc tr chi hin nay. Khi u khng thun li do gp mt s vn v tng thch vi nn my PS3, Unreal Engine chng kin s chuyn mnh mnh m, c bit l hnh nh u ra, mang n cho game th hng lot tri nghim th v. Nhiu kin chuyn mn d bo Unreal Engine 4, ra i vo 2012, c kh nng s thng tr trn th trng Do c vit bng C++ nn Unreal Engine c tnh c ng cao v ng thi l mt cng c c rt nhiu nh pht trin game ngy nay s dng trn hu ht cc nn tng hin c nh Microsoft Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, Mac OS v Mac OS X trn my tnh c nhn cng nh trn rt nhiu cc thit b chi game chuyn dng nh Dreamcast, Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2 v PlayStation 3. Mt iu tuyt vi na l m gameplay c th c vit bng UnrealScript mt ngn ng kch bn c ph v do nhiu phn trong gameplay c th c chnh sa m khng phi can thip

29 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

su v bn trong Engine. Thm vo , vi gi phn mm trung gian, Unreal Engine cng cung cp rt nhiu cng c tr gip cho vic thit k ni dung game. Phin bn mi nht c pht hnh l Unreal Engine 3 c thit k da trn: cng ngh Microsoft DirectX 9 tng thch vi cc nn tng Windows XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7 32/64bit v Xbox 360; s dng cng ngh DirectX 10 v DirectX 11 dnh cho Windows XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7, v OpenGL for cc h thng Linux, Mac OS X 32/64bit v PlayStation 3. Unreal Engine 3 (UE3) c thit k dnh cho DirectX 9/10/11 trn PC, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 v cc h iu hnh da trn OpenGL (nh Mac OS X, iOS). B dng hnh ca UE3 h tr rt nhiu cng ngh tin tin bao gm HDRR, per-pixel lightning, bng ng, ng thi km theo cc cng c c cc phin bn trc. Epic dng UE3 to ra nhng a con cng ca mnh mang tn Unreal Tournament 3, Gears of War, v sau ny s l Gears of War 2. Mt s tnh nng ni bt c Epic cp nht trong UE3 l: H thng chiu sng tnh cao cp vi nhng hiu ng tin tin nh bng ng chnh xc vng na ti, khuch tn nh sng, Tng kh nng to hiu ng gy i vi cc i tng tnh m phng thc t hn cc v ph hy. H thng to c th mm mi. Kh nng m phng nhng m ng ln. Bn cnh vic s dng cho ngnh cng nghip game, UE3 cn c dng cho nhiu d n thuc cc lnh vc khc nh thit k v m phng m

30 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

hnh xy dng, m phng hnh ng li xe, h tr vic mua sm trong th gii thc o,

Ta Game

Ngy pht hnh

Nh pht trin

Nh pht hnh

Nn tng

Unreal Tournament 3 (UT3)

Trong khong Epic Games 2007 2008 ty nn tng

Midway Games

Windows, PS 3, Xbox 360, Mac OS X

31 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

7. Bng so snh mt s Game Engine:

Engine CryEngine 3 c im Author Crytek

Source Engine Valve Corporation OpenGL, DirectX C++

Unreal Engine 3 Epic Games Inc

jMonkey Engine jME core Team

OGRE Steve Streeting

Panda3D The Panda Development Group OpenGL, DirectX C/C++, Python Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Sun OS Thit k hng i tng H tr Artoolkit H tr web Python Scripting Interface

Graphics APIs Programming Language OS

OpenGL, DirectX C++

OpenGL, DirectX C++

OpenGL Java Windows, Mac OS, Linux Thit k hng i tng. C kh nng m rng thng qua plugin H tr a lung, a nn tng

OpenGL, DirectX C++ Windows, Mac OS, Linux Thit k hng i tng. C kh nng m rng thng qua plugin H thng Save/Load Scripted material language Scriptable

General Features

Scripting

Windows, Windows, Mac Windows, Xbox Xbox, OS, Xbox, 360, PS 3 PlayStation, Xbox 360, PS 3 GameCube Thit k Thit k Thit k hng hng i hng i i tng. tng. tng. C kh nng C kh nng C kh nng m rng thng m rng thng m rng thng qua plugin qua plugin qua plugin H tr a nn tng H thng H thng Save/Load Save/Load UnrealScript. Visual AI Script Tool.

32 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

multipass rendering Built-in Editors CryEngine Sandbox Graphics performance measurement tools Faceposer tool Valve Hammer Editor Half-life model viewer Studiomdl Vbsp, Vrad, Vvis VMPI Basic Physics Collision Detection Rigid Body Visual physics modeling tool. AI paths. UnrealMatinee. Visual Sound Tool. MonkeyWorld3D Direct tools for GUI-based scene Particle effects API and GUIbased particle panel

Physics

Basic Physics Collision Detection Rigid Body Vehicle Physics

Basic Physics Collision Detection Rigid Body Vehicle Physics

Basic Physics Collision Detection JBullet binding Ragdoll physics Multi-threaded physics Mesh-accurate collision shapes Per-vertex Lightmapping

Basic Physics Collision Detection Rigid Body

Basic Physics Collision Detection Rigid Body Vehicle Physics

Lightning

Per-vertex Per-pixel

Per-vertex Per-pixel

Per-vertex Per-pixel

Per-vertex Per-pixel

Per-vertex Per-pixel

33 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Lightmapping Gloss maps Anisotropic

Lightmapping Radiosity Gloss maps HDR Lighting Rim Lighting Shadow mapping

Volumetric Lightmapping Gloss maps Anisotropic

Per-pixel Multi-pass lighting Phong Lighting Tangent shading Reflection Shadow mapping

Lightmapping

Volumetric

Shadows

Shadow Volume

Texturing

Shadow mapping Projected planar Shadow Volume Basic Basic Basic texturing texturing texturing Multi-texturing Multi Multi Bumpmapping texturing texturing Mipmapping Bumpmapping Bumpmapping Volumetric Mipmapping Mipmapping Projected Procedural Vertex Shader Pixel Shader High Level Shader Vertex Shader Pixel Shader High Level Shader Alpha-toCoverage Vertex Shader Pixel Shader High Level Shader

Shadow mapping Shadow Volume Basic texturing Multitexturing Bumpmapping Mipmapping Volumetric Projected Vertex Shader Pixel Shader High Level Shader

Basic texturing Multi-texturing Mipmapping Procedural Splat textures

Shaders

Vertex Shader Pixel Shader High Level Shader H tr GLSL

Basic: Animated textures Video textures Pointer textures 3D textures High Level: H tr Cg H tr GLSL Shader generator

34 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Scene Management

General LOD Occlusion Culling

Portals LOD BSP Occlusion Culling Skeletal Animation Morphing Facial Animation Animation Blending Inverse Kinematics Mesh Loading Skinning Progressive Deformation Patches

General BSP Portals LOD Inverse Kinematics Keyframe Animation Skeletal Animation Facial Animation Animation Blending Mesh Loading Skinning Progressive Tessellation Deformation Spinnes Patches Enviroment Mapping Lens Flares Billboarding

General Octrees LOD

Animation

Inverse Kinematics Skeletal Animation Animation Blending

Keyframe Animation Skeletal Animation

General Octrees LOD BSP Occlusion Culling Keyframe Animation Skeletal Animation Animation Blending

Skeletal Animation

Meshes

Mesh Loading Skinning Progressive

Mesh Loading Skinning

Mesh Loading Skinning Progressive Spinnes Enviroment Mapping Lens Flares Billboarding

Mesh Loading Skinning

Surfaces and Curves Special Effects

Spinnes Enviroment Mapping Lens Flares Billboarding

Enviroment Mapping Lens Flares Billboarding

Environment Mapping Billboarding Particle

Particle System Motion Blur Fog

35 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Particle System Sky Water Decals Fog Mirror

Terrain

Networking System Sound and Video

AI

Rendering

Particle System Depth of Field Motion Blur Sky Water Fire Explosion Decals Fog Weather Mirror Rendering Rendering Rendering CLOD CLOD CLOD Splatting Client-Server Client-Server Client-Server Peer-to-Peer 2D Sound 2D Sound 2D Sound 3D Sound 3D Sound 3D Sound Streaming Sound Pathfinding Pathfinding Pathfinding Decision Decision Decision Making Making Making Scripted Finite State Finite State Machines Machines Scripted Scripted Fixed-function Fixed-function Fixed-function System

Particle System Sky Water Fire Explosion Fog

Particle System Motion Blur Sky Water Fog

Rendering CLOD Splat textures 3D Sound

Rendering Client-Server 2D Sound 3D Sound Streaming Sound Finite State Machines

Fixed-function

Fixed-function Fixed-

36 CHNG II: KHO ST MT S GAME ENGINE HIN C

Render-toTexture

Render-toTexture

Render-toTexture

Render-toTexture Fonts GUI

Render-toTexture Fonts GUI

function Stereo Rendering GUI

37 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

1. Gii thiu
Unity Engine c pht trin bi Unity Technologies l mt gi cng c tch hp dng xy dng Game 3D hoc cc ni dung c tnh tng tc khc nh m hnh kin trc hay hot hnh 3D thi gian thc. Unity Engine c th chy c trn h iu hnh Windows v Mac OS X. Sn phm to ra t Unity Engine c th chy c trn cc nn Windows, Mac, Linux (ang trong gian on th nghim), Wii, iPad, iPhone cng nh Android. Bn cnh , Unity Engine cn c kh nng pht trin Game nn Web h tr c Mac v Windows. Trong tng lai, Unity s h tr cho cc h my Xbox 360 v Play Staytion 3. Mt s game c pht trin t Unity Engine: Ta Game Cartoon Network Universe: FusionFall Dead Frontier Ngy pht hnh 14/1/2009 Nh pht trin Cartoon Network, Grigon Entertainment Neil Yates Grimoire Assembly Forge Nh pht hnh Nn tng Cartoon Network Windows, Mac

21/4/2008

Dudebro: My Shit 2011 is Fucked Up So I Got To Shoot/Slice You II Global Conflicts: 05/7/2007 Palestine

Creaky Corpse Ltd Grimoire Assembly Forge

Web Windows, Mac

GooBall The Graveyard

3/2005 2009

Off-Road Cha bit Velociraptor Safari

Serious Games Gamers Gate, Interactive Manifesto Games & Macgamestore Over The Edge Ambrosia Entertainment Software Tale of Tales Valve Corporation, Apple Dozycow

Windows, Mac

Mac Windows, Mac, iOS Windows, Mac, iOS

38 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

Targa Tasmania WolfQuest

Cha bit 21/12/2007

Dozycow Minnesota Zoo, Eduweb

Eduweb

Windows, Mac, iOS Windows, Mac

2. L do chn Unity 3D Engine

Hin nay chng ta c cc engine nh: Cry Engine, Unreal Engine, Source Engine, Id Tech Engine, Unity engine v nhng ci tn khc nh RenderWare Engine, Game Bryo engine. Cc Engine m ngun m bao gm: Orge Engine, Panda3D Engine, jMonkey Engine Trong Id Tech engine v Source Engine l cc lo lng trong ngnh cng nghip Game, Cry Engine v Unreal Engine l hai tn binh ng ch nht do nhng thnh cng ng k ca h trong nhng nm gn y. V mt ha Cry Engine c nh gi cao v hu nh khng c i th, hnh nh 3D ca Cry Engine cho cht lng chn thc minh chng qua cc ta game nh Far Cry hay Crysis Tuy nhin Cry Engine rt kn chn v ch nhng my cu hnh tht cao mi c th p ng c. Bn cnh , Unreal Engine cng cho cht lng ho khng km, m khng i hi cu hnh qu cao. Cc h my laptop mua cch y 2-3 nm tr li a s l xi c. Cc engine khc c k tn trn thay nhau v tr top 10 sau Cry Engine v Unreal Engine. Nu bn c tin, c nhiu kinh nghim, c mt nhm lm vic chuyn nghip, lc bn mi nn ngh n Unreal Engine hay Cry Engine Nu bn mun xi m ngun m cho tit kim th bn phi b li nhiu thi gian v sc lc hn tm hiu Orge Engine, hay Panda Engine, La chn sng gi nht cho cc tn binh trong lnh vc 3D, c t kinh nghim, t tin, nhng khng mun phi b qu nhiu cng sc tm hiu li nhng g ngi ta lm l Unity engine. V khon ha, Unity khng so snh c vi Cry Engine nhng lm hi lng nhng ngi dng ph thng. Unity khng i hi my cu hnh cao, thm

39 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

na Unity c bit ch n s tin dng. Vic lm game, lm phim 3D s dng Unity Engine so vi cc Engine cn li d dng hn rt nhiu v i tng m Unity Engine hng ti ch yu l nhng ngi dng khng chuyn. Chng ta c th ko th, k tha, vit scripts, t chc cc thnh phn, import export cc ti nguyn (model, texture, mesh, ) ng gi cc i tng hon chnh v chia s n mt cch d dng vi Unity Engine. V d, bn c th ng gi chic xe hi theo nh phn h tr trn trang ch ca Unity v dng n cho cc game, hoc phim 3D ca ring mnh. Cui cng l v vn thng mi. Unity cung cp bn min ph cho cc ngi dng c nhn v cc cng ty c thu nhp di 100.000 USD. Chng ta c th to cc ng dng, cc m hnh, cc game 3D cho ring mnh hoc bn n trn Unity Store m khng lo v vn vi phm bn quyn. Nu mun bn sn phm mnh trn Unity Store th chng ta phi tr 30% hoa hng. Nu c nhu cu cao hn, s dng bn Pro, chng ta s phi tr 1.500 USD, tng ng khong 32 triu VN vi rt nhiu tnh nng cao cp v tin dng. Cc bn c th tham kho bng so snh chc nng gia Unity free vi Unity Pro ti lin kt sau: http://unity3d.com/unity/licenses. V c bn da trn nhng tin ch m Unity mang li cng nh so snh vi cc Engine khc th 32 triu VN cho Unity Pro l hp l v va ti tin.

3. Cc tnh nng tiu biu ca Unity 3D Engine

c vit da trn ngn ng C# v JavaScript; thit k theo hng i tng, cu trc c kh nng m rng cao, h tr cc API ha l OpenGL v DirectX L mt mi trng pht trin tch hp mnh m, c kh nng xem trc kt qu, sn phm c th trin khai trn nhiu nn tng: a. ng dng trn Windows v Mac OS X.

40 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

b. ng dng chy trn nn web (thng qua plugin Unity Web Player) trn Windows and Mac OS X. c. Chc nng Dashboard widget trn Mac OS X d. ng dng chy trn Nintendo Wii, iPhone/iPad, Android, Xbox 360 v PlayStation 3 (i vi phin bn c ph). Unity cho php np cc thit k t 3ds Max, Maya, Blender, Modo, Zbrush, Cinema 4D v Cheetah3D. Engine ha s dng Direct3D (Windows), OpenGL (Mac, Windows), OpenGL ES (iOS) v proprietary APIs (Wii). V mt dng hnh, Unity Engine c nhng c im ni bt sau: a. Deferred Lightning: cho kh nng th hin nh sng vo bng cc k trung thc, mi i tng u th hin c hiu ng nh sng cng nh bng ti, mc tc ng cp tng im nh. b. 100 kiu to bng tch hp: t n gin (Diffuse, Glossy,) n phc tp (Self Illuminated Bumped Specular,). c. Surface Shaders: b pht sinh m t ng nhm em li s n gin trong vic lp trnh Vertex Shader v Pixel Shader. Chng ta n gin ch cn vit m Cg v Unity s bin dch n thnh m dng hnh, thm ch cng c th bin dch sang GLSL chy trn cc thit b di ng. d. Scalability: m rng kh nng tng thch vi phn cng. Unity s phn tch phn cng hin c bo m ngi dng c th tri nghim c nhng hiu ng ha tt nht. e. Full Screen Post-Processing Effects: Unity tch hp rt nhiu hiu ng hu x l hnh nh ton mn hnh nh: Sun shaft, high quality depthof-field, lens effects, chromatic abberation, curve-driven color correction,

41 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

Nhm tng hiu nng, Unity p dng mt s k thut nh sau: a. Batching: nhm hn ch s lnh gi hm v, Unity t ng kt hp cc i tng hnh hc li thnh cc t hp, cch lm ny s gip gim ng k chi ph nhng ng thi vn gi li c ton b hiu ng hnh nh. b. Rewritten Rendering Engine: tng sc mnh v tinh linh ng ca b kt xut hnh nh ln n 50% so vi cc phin bn trc. c. Occlusion Culling: gii php gip gii chi ph cho cc sn phm chy trn nn console, di ng v Web bng cch gim s lng i tng cn kt xut xung mc ti thiu. d. GLSL Optimizer: mc d OpenGL ES cho php s dng hiu ng bng trn nn di ng song n vn t ra qu nng so vi kh nng ca thit b. V vy, Unity c trang b b ti u GLSL Shader vi kh nng tng hiu nng ln 2-3 ln. V kha cnh chiu sng, Unity 3 c nhng c im kh u vit: a. Deferred Renderer: k thut chiu sng hin i cho kh nng bao ph ton bn , mi ngun sng u to ra hiu ng chiu sng, thm ch l tia sng pht ra t mt v n. b. Realtime Shadows: H thng to bng tin tin c kh nng to bng t mi ngun sng, ng thi s dng t ti nguyn phn cng. c. Screen Space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO): Unity Pro s dng cng ngh SSAO nh l mt cng c to hiu ng nh chun. n gin ch cn thm thnh phn ny vo bt k gc nhn no v chng ta s t c hiu qu tuyt vi. d. Sun Shafts & Lens Effects: Unity 3 Pro cng h tr thm hiu ng tia sng mt tri, ng thi m phng hiu ng phn chiu thu knh ni

42 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

v hiu ng le sng nhm mang li mt tri nghim mang tnh ngh thut cao. e. Lightmapping: l cng ngh duy nht cho php chng ta iu khin khng gian ton b game mt cch chnh xc. Unity 3 tch hp cng c lightmapper tt nht hin nay l Beast, gip to ra khng gian game hon ho nht. H thng i tng a hnh gm: a. Sculpt Like a Master: Unity cung cp cc cng c tinh vi h tr vic to, nng cao, h thp cong ca cc m hnh i ni. b. Trees, Bushes, Rocks, Grass: h tr vic v phong cnh nn cho game. c. Detail Texture Painting: cho kh nng to ra nhng i tng a dng v hp dn cho a hnh. d. Lightmaps Integrated: Unity tch hp y cng ngh Beast lightmapper, cho php kt hp nhiu thnh phn ha bn trong a hnh game. e. Blazing Speeds: Unity c kh nng to ra hng ngn i tng cy, hng triu mnh v v hng t l c m vn gi c hiu nng ng kinh ngc, khng ngn qu nhiu ti nguyn phn cng. H thng Physics gm nhng c im: a. NVIDIA PhysX: H tr cng ngh tng tc vt l mnh m t NVIDIA. b. Cloth: Unity h tr 2 loi cht liu vi l Interactive Cloth (chuyn dng m phng tng tc vi mi trng nh mn che, khn tri bn,) v Skinned Cloth (c ti u ha dng lm trang phc cho nhn vt, i kh nng chuyn ng phc tp v chnh xc).

43 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

c. Soft Bodies: nhng i tng mm vi kh nng tng tc mt cch chn thc vi mi trng (v d nh qu bng). d. Rigidbodies: l nhng i tng trong game tng tc di s iu khin ca cc thut ton vt l, to ra nhng chuyn ng chn thc m khng cn phi vit thm m. e. Ragdolls: h tr to ragdoll t nhng nhn vt ng trong game nhanh chng, ng thi cho php lp trnh vin c th ty chnh ph hp vi nhu cu. f. Joints: h tr nhiu loi khp ni cho php to ra nhng i tng c kh nng ph v, mang li cho game tnh chn thc cao hn. g. Cars: cho kh nng to ra game ua xe nhanh chng v d dng hn bao gi ht. Bn cnh , cng ngh Wheel Collider m phng mt cch chnh xc nhng lp xe thc. S dng ngn ng ShaderLab cho cc x l to bng, h tr c cc ng lnh chc nng sn c v lp trnh to bng vit bng ngn ng Cg hay GLSL. Mt b to bng gm nhiu tham s v kh nng nhn bit cho php Unity chn c tham s ph hp nht vi phn cng ha hin c, hoc gim bt chc nng tng tng thch. H thng lun l trong Unity da trn nn tng dotNET ngun m c tn l Mono vit m game. y c xem l mt mi trng pht trin game hng u th gii, mang li cho nh pht trin game y sc mnh, tc v s linh hot. Lp trnh vin cng c th s dng JavaScript, C# hoc Boo (c cu trc tng t Python) vit m kch bn cho game. C 3 ngn ng ny u c th s dng cc th vin dotNET thao tc vi c s d liu, thao tc vi tp tin XML, lp trnh mng, Cung cp Unity Asset Server nh l mt cng c qun l phin bn sn phm ton din.

44 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

H thng m thanh da trn th vin FMOD, cho kh nng pht c nh dng m thanh nn Ogg Vorbis. Bn cnh b lc m DSP cn cho kh nng to ra c nhng tri nghim tht s th v. B pht video s dng b gii m Theora. H tr pht trin game nhiu ngi chi thng qua kt ni mng mt cch ti a, lp trnh vin khng cn qu nhiu sc lc cng nh kin thc chuyn i t ch chi n sang ch a ngi chi qua mng.

4. Tm tt:
Ngnh cng nghip game hin nay v ang c nhng bc pht trin t ph v mt cng ngh, cc Game Engine vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau ln lt xut hin, h tr vic pht trin game v mang li cho ngi dng nhng tri nghim ngy cng chn thc v sng ng hn v th gii game. Ngoi vic tn hng sc mnh cng ngh qua nhng ta game c pht hnh trn th trng, ngi dng cng c th t to cho mnh mt game theo mun bng cch s dng mt Game Engine ph hp. Cc Game Engine hin c ht sc a dng v mc ch s dng, tnh nng cung cp, mc yu cu phn cng, giy php bn quyn, Trong s c th k n cc ng ln trong lng game th gii nh Source Engine ca Valve Corporation, CryEngine ca Crytek, Unreal Engine ca Epic Games, hay cc Engine ngun m nhng cng kh n tng nh jMonkey Engine ca The jME core Team, OGRE ca The OGRE Team, Panda3D Engine ca The Panda3D Development Team, Mi Engine u c th mnh ring ca n, v d nh Source l mt Engine ni ting t lu vi vic to ra hiu ng ha kh n tng nhng i hi cu hnh trung bnh, CryEngine th dn u trong kha cnh to ra hiu ng ha sng ng n kinh ngc ng thi i hi cu hnh phn cng kh cao, hay i vi OGRE v Panda3D ni bt v d l d n ngun m nhng vn c kh nng dng hnh 3 chiu tng i mnh v cng ng pht trin kh nng ng ph hp vi nhng ngi am m tm hiu cng ngh. Tuy nhin, nu nh bn l mt ngi

45 CHNG III: UNITY 3D ENGINE

khng chuyn, khng c mt nhm pht trin game ng ngha, khng c iu kin trang b mt h thng phn cng mnh m, ch mun lm game tha mn tnh t m v yu cng ngh th Unity 3D Engine c l l mt la chn ph hp. Unity 3D l mt cng c pht trin game ha 3 chiu mnh m m khng i hi cu hnh cao, h tr ti a cng vic xy dng khng gian game bng thao tc ko th, vit m kch bn, cho php ng gi cc i tng m hnh, Vi Unity 3D Engine, chng ta hon ton c th to ra c nhng game theo mun vi hiu ng hp dn, ct truyn li cun m khng phi tn qu nhiu thi gian, cng sc v chi ph.

46 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

1. Gii thiu chung
Game demo Gic m ca ch su con (The Worms Dream) c vit bng Unity3D vi mc ch minh ha cho mt vi tnh nng cng nh cch to ra mt tr chi bng Unity3D.

2. Ni dung ct truyn
Chuyn k rng ngy xa ngy xa mt ngi lng cn trng n, rt su trong rng xanh, c mt ch su con b b ri. Cu b su hng ngy phi vt v tm thc n t nui sng bn thn mnh. Cu ch c mt c m, l mt ngy no cu s tr thnh bm, vi i cnh p v to, cu c th bay ln bu tri cao kia. V m nay, cng nh bao m khc, cu li m v iu cho n lc ng thip i. Thi gian tri qua, cc bn ng trang la ca cu gi ai cng c i cnh xinh p trn lng, tung tng bay nhy, ch cn mi mnh cu sao mi vn ch l mt ch su xanh nh b. Cu bun lm. Mi ngi trong lng ai cng ly lm tic cho cu... V ri, chuyn ca cu n tai thn rng. Tr chuyn vi cu, thn rng thy rt thng cho hon cnh ng thng ca cu, nhng sao lt mi cun sch php thut ca mnh, thn rng vn khng tm ra php thut no gip cu ha thnh bm. Thn rng khuyn: "Ta rt thng cho ni bt hnh ca con, nhng hin ti sc ta khng thc hin c m ca con. Gi ch cn mt cch thi, c th rt kh khn, l chnh bn thn con hy ra i thc hin c m ca mnh, pha tri ng xa xi kia...". V thn rng bt u k cho cu nghe cu chuyn v o mt tri, ni c trng rt nhiu loi cy c k diu, pha xa xi ngoi bin ng. Nhng n c v ly c loi l cy k diu c th gip cu ha bm, qu tht khng

47 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

d cht no, thm ch cn c th b mng, v c v s mi nguy him rnh rp cng nh ngn cn cu trn ng... Nhng cha kp khuyn cu t b, cu b su ng pht dy xin quyt tm ra i, khin thn rng rt cm ng. Thn rng bn ch cho cu hnh dng loi l cy k diu m cu cn phi ly n, cng nh v nhng mi nguy him v nhng iu cu cn phi hc trong chuyn hnh trnh ca mnh v pha tri ng... V hm nay, mt bui sng p tri, dn lng t hp trc nh cu chc cu thng l bnh an. Cu tm bit mi ngi, v th l, chuyn hnh trnh ca cu bt u. Con ng m cu phi i kh khn th no? Cu phi i mt vi nhng nguy him ang ch n cu ra sao? Liu cu c th thc hin c c m ca mnh hay khng? Ch c bn mi c th tr li c!!!

3. Mi trng pht trin ng dng

Engine: Unity 3 phin bn min ph, cp nht thng 4 nm 2011 (m phin bn: 3.3.0.63135) ca Unity Technologies. H iu hnh: Windows Cc cng c h tr khc: Adobe Photoshop CS4

4. Quy trnh thit k

6.1. tng: Ly tng t mt cu chuyn v mt cuc hnh trnh i tm chic l k diu gip mnh nhanh chng tr thnh bm, thc hin gic m, nhm thc hin tin hnh xy dng mt tr chi dnh cho tui thiu nhi vi nhn vt chnh l ch su con v hnh trnh y kh khn ca cu, vt qua cc him nguy trn ng n c o Mt tri, ni trng loi cy k diu, gip cu ha bm. 6.2. Thit k hnh dng nhn vt

48 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

STT 1

NHN VT

CU TO

C th gm u, mnh, ui c xy dng t cc hnh khi cu. Trn u c 2 mt cng c xy dng t hnh khi cu.

Gm 3 phn: phn c xy dng bng hnh khi hp, phn thn bng khi cu v phn ng sng bng hnh khi tr.

6.3. Thit k hnh ng nhn vt STT NHN VT 1 Su con HNH NG 1, Di chuyn: Di chuyn sang tri, sang phi, tin v trc, li v sau. 2, Nhy: Nhy ln thun ty hoc nhy v cc hng. 3, Tn cng: Bn ra n tiu dit k th.

49 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

Pho bo v

1, Pht hin ra mc tiu trong phm vi tm kim. 2, Xoay nng sng v pha mc tiu (khi tm kim thnh cng). 3, Bn n v pha mc tiu trong phm vi tn cng

6.4. Thit k bn

i 4: Thc hin gic m

50 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

6.5. Thit k mn hnh giao din Mn hnh bt u:

STT TN CHC NNG 1 Bt u 2 Gii Thiu 3 Thot

NGHA Vo mn hnh tr chi Vo mn hnh gii thiu tr chi, hng dn chi, tc gi, vv Tt tr chi Mn hnh chi chnh:

51 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

Mn hnh thua:

52 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

SST 1 2

TN CHC NNG Chi Li Thot

NGHA Bt u li tr chi Thot khi tr chi

Mn hnh thng:

53 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

SST TN CHC NNG 1 Chi Li 2 Thot

NGHA Bt u li tr chi Thot khi tr chi

5. Kt qu t c
Tr chi gm 5 i chi khc nhau tng ng vi 5 bi cnh khc nhau theo th t ca cuc hnh trnh: 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. i 1: Mi nguy him ca rng rm i 2: Bin ng l lm i 3: Tm kim o Mt tri i 4: Thc hin gic m i 5: Tr v qu hng

54 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

Do thi gian c hn nn nhm thc hin ch hin thc i th 4 (thc hin gic m) ca tr chi.

6. Hng dn s dng
6.1. Hng dn chung: chin thng, ngi chi s phi iu khin nhn vt su ca mnh vt qua cc kh khn ca ln lt 5 i chi. mi i, ngi chi s bt u t im xut pht, nhim v l phi vt qua cc tr ngi trn bn n c im kt thc ca i . Ty vo ct truyn ca mi i m nhim v ca nhn vt s khc nhau, chng hn nh: tm ng i, n trnh k th, tiu dit k th, ly vt phm, vv. Nhn vt su c c th gm 3 phn: phn u, phn thn v phn ui. Mi ln b trng thng ca k th, ty mc nng nh m nhn vt s khng b mt hoc mt 1 hoc nhiu phn ca thn th. Khi mt ht 3 phn ca thn th, coi nh nhn vt mt 1 mng, v nhn vt phi bt u chi li t im xut pht vi mt mng mi. Lu khi nhn vt rt xung vc, ri vo by th s phi mt lun mt mng sng. Ngi chi xut pht vi 3 mng sng, s lng mng sng s c lu gi qua tt c cc i chi. V qua mi i, ngi chi s c tng thm 1 mng sng. 6.2. Hng dn ring cho mn th 4 (thc hin gic m): Ngi chi xut pht t 1 tm l lng trn mt bin, nhim v l phi b qua mt con ng rt hp ln c khu n trng loi l cy k diu m ch su cn phi n. Ngi chi cn cn thn v nu rt xung bin s mt 1 mng sng.

55 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

Khi gn n khu o ni ca khu n, nhn vt s b tn cng bi cc khu pho lin tc bn ra nhng git nc c v pha mnh. Mi ln b dnh nhng git nc c y, nhn vt su s chong vng quay cung, ng thi mt i 1 phn thn th. Cng n gn cy k diu, cng c nhiu cc khu pho canh. Ngi chi phi mu tr n trnh cc git nc c, hoc c th dng php thut hc c cc mn trc bn ph cc khu pho y, mc ch l n c ch cy k diu trong n th. 6.3. Hng dn bm phm: Di chuyn: s dng cc phm mi tn tng ng vi 4 chc nng: i ti trc, i li v sau, quo tri v quo phi. Ngi chi c th kt hp cc phm c th di chuyn nhn vt theo mnh. Ngoi ra ngi chi cng c th s dng 4 phm ch: A, D, W, S thay th c 4 phm mi tn vi chc nng tng t. Nhy: ngi chi s dng phm Space iu khin cho nhn vt ca mnh nhy ln cao c th leo ln nhng vt cn cao hoc nn trnh s tn cng ca k th. Tn cng: sau khi nhn vt vt qua c mn th nht v hc c php thut bn n la do c Kin dy, th ngi chi c th s dng phm Ctrl thc hin php thut ny, tn cng li k th ca mnh.

7. Tm tt
Game demo Gic m ca ch su con (The Worms Dream) ch l mt game 3D n gin dnh cho tr em, c vit vi mc ch minh ha cho vic s dng game engine Unity 3 xy dng, vit m v ng gi mt tr chi 3D dng ng dng chy c lp trn my tnh hoc trn mt trang web, do sn phm cha th th hin ht kh nng m engine Unity 3 em li c. Nhng n cng th hin

56 CHNG IV: GII THIU GAME DEMO

rt nhiu im u vit ca Unity 3, cng nh cho thy quy trnh to ra mt tr chi l rt trc quan, t phc tp.

57 CHNG V: TNG KT

CHNG V: TNG KT
1. Kt qu t c
Trn c s nhng g tm hiu v c im ca Game Engine cng nh tnh nng ca mt s Game Engine tiu biu hin nay, chng em c mt ci nhn tng quan v mt s cng ngh pht trin Game ni bt trn th gii. T chng em i su nghin cu v mt s cng ngh Game Engine tiu biu hin nay, rt trch nhng c im chnh v nhng thng tin c tnh so snh gia chng lm c s cho vic chn la mt Engine ph hp dng pht trin game demo cho ti. Da vo nhng g thu thp c, chng em quyt nh chn Unity3D Engine l cng c pht trin game demo. Game demo Gic m ca ch su con (The Worms Dream) c pht trin t Unity3D Engine phin bn min ph trn h iu hnh Windows. The Worms Dream c xy dng nh cc cng c h tr m Unity3D Engine cung cp. Game c cht lng ha mc kh, chng em c gng tn dng ti a nhng g m Engine h tr nh to hnh, chuyn ng, AI, hiu ng nh sng, hiu ng la chy, hiu ng m thanh,

2. u im v hn ch
2.1. u im: Nm c nhng c im c bn ca mt s Game Engine hin c. Tn dng c nhng chc nng dng hnh, hiu ng nh sng, khi la, m thanh tr tu nhn to c trong Unity 3D Engine khi xy dng game demo. Xy dng c game demo c tnh thc t v trc quan. 2.2. Hn ch:

58 CHNG V: TNG KT

Hiu ng ha trong game ch mc trung bnh, cc m hnh cha tht s sng ng, mn chi b tr n gin. H thng nhn vt cn hn ch, ct truyn ngn. Cha tn dng c ht sc nhng sc mnh ca Unity 3D Engine khi lm game. Cha khai thc tt phn cng ha nn cht lng game khng cao.

3. Hng pht trin v m rng

Game Gic m ca ch su con hin ti ch mang mc ch chnh l demo cho kh nng ng dng Game Engine pht trin game do cn thiu rt nhiu chi tit c th tr thnh mt game hon chnh c ct truyn v hiu ng thu ht ngi chi. Trong tng lai, chng em s tp trung nghin cu su hn v Unity3D Engine nhm to ra mt sn phm thc s c kh nng thuyt phc ngi chi. ng thi vi nhng g t c sau qu trnh thc hin ti ny, chng em tin tng rng khng ch p dng Game Engine pht trin game m chng ta hon ton c th nghin cu cc cng ngh ph bin c s dng trong cc Game Engine t to ra mt Game Engine cho chnh chng ta, gp phn vo vic pht trin nn cng nghip game ca nc nh.

59 TI LIU THAM KHO

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Ng Thi An, Nguyn nh Ton Nghin cu v xy dng th nghim 3D Engine [2]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_engine [3]. http://www.devmaster.net/ [4]. http://www.panda3d.org/features.php [5]. http://www.crytek.com/cryengine [6]. http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Source_Engine_Features [7]. http://www.unrealengine.com/features [8]. http://jmonkeyengine.com/engine/ [9]. http://www.ogre3d.org/about/features [10]. http://unity3d.com/