PHN CNG MY TNH

THNH PHN CA MY TNH

-------------------------I. THIT B NI VI 1. V my - Case Cng dng: Thng my l gi gn cc b phn khc ca my v bo v cc thit b khi b tc ng bi mi trng.

Case cha s dng 2. B ngun - Power

Case ang s dng

Case ht s dng

Cng dng: l thit b chuyn in xoay chiu thnh in 1 chiu cung cp cho cc b phn phn cng vi nhiu hiu in th khc nhau. B ngun thng i km vi v my.

3. Bng mch ch (Mainboard, Motherboard)

Cng dng: L thit b trung gian gn kt tt c cc thit b phn cng khc ca my. Nhn dng: l bng mch to nht gn trong thng my.

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3.1 Bn trong mainboard 3.1.1 Chipset Cng dng: L thit b iu hnh mi hot ng ca mainboard. Nhn dng: L con chp ln nhn trn main v thng c 1 gch vng mt gc, mt trn c ghi tn nh sn xut. Nh sn xut: Intel, SIS, ATA, VIA... 3.1.2 Giao tip vi CPU. Cng dng: Gip b vi x l gn kt vi mainboard. Nhn dng: Giao tip vi CPU c 2 dng khe cm (slot) v chn cm (socket). + Dng khe cm l mt rnh di nm khu vc gia mainboard dng cho PII, PIII i c. Hin nay hu nh ngi ta khng s dng dng khe cm. + Dng chn cm (socket) l mt khi hnh vung gm nhiu chn. Hin nay ang s dng socket 370, 478, 775 tng ng vi s chn ca CPU.

3.1.3 AGP Slot Khe cm card mn hnh AGP vit tt t Array Graphic Adapter.

Cng dng: Dng cm card ha. Nhn dng: L khe cm mu nu hoc mu en nm gia socket v khe PCI mu trng sa trn mainboard. Lu : i vi nhng mainboard c card mn hnh tch hp th c th c hoc khng c khe AGP. Khi khe AGP ch c tc nng cp card mn hnh bng card ri nu cn thit thay th card tch hp trn mainboard.

3.1.4 RAM slot

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Cng dng: Dng cm RAM v main. Nhn dng: Khe cm RAM lun c cn gt 2 u. Lu : Ty vo loi RAM (SDRAM, DDRAM, RDRAM) m giao din khe cm khc nhau. 3.1.5 PCI Slot PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect - khe cm m rng

Cng dng: Dng cm cc loi card nh card mng, card m thanh, ... Nhn dng: khe mu trng s nm pha ra mainboard.

3.1.6 ISA Slot Khe cm m rng ISA - Vit Industry Standard Architecture. tt

Cng dng: Dng cm cc loi card m rng nh card mng, card m thanh... Nhn dng: khe mu en di hn PCI nm ra mainboard (nu c). Lu : V tc truyn d liu chm, chim khng gian trong mainboard nn hu ht cc mainboard hin nay khng s dng khe ISA. 3.1.7 IDE Header

Vit tt Intergrated Drive Electronics - l u cm 40 chn, c inh trn mainboard cm cc loi cng, CD Mi mainboard thng c 2 IDE trn mainboard: IDE1: chn cm chnh, cm dy cp ni vi cng chnh IDE2: chn cm ph, cm dy cp ni vi cng th 2 hoc cc CD, DVD... Lu : Dy cp cm cng dng c cho c CD, DVD v 2 IDE hon ton ging nhau. 3.1.8 FDD Header L chn cm dy cm a mm trn mainboard. u cm FDD thng nm gn IDE trn main v c tit din nh hn IDE. Lu khi cm dy cm mm: u b nh tro cm vo , u khng tro cm vo u FDD trn mainboard. 3.1.9 ROM BIOS

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L b nh s cp ca my tnh. ROM cha h thng lnh nhp xut c bn (BIOS - Basic Input Output System) kim tra phn cng, np h iu hnh nn cn gi l ROM BIOS.

3.1.10 PIN CMOS

L vin pin 3V nui nhng thit lp ring ca ngi dng nh ngy gi h thng, mt khu bo v ...

3.1.11 Jumper Jumper l mt ming Plastic nh trong c cht dn in dng cm vo nhng mch h to thnh mch kn trn mainboard thc hin mt nhim v no nh lu mt khu CMOS. Jumper l mt thnh phn khng th thiu thit lp chnh, ph khi bn gn 2 cng, 2 CD, hoc cng v CD trn mt dy cp.

3.1.12 Power Connector. Bn phi xc nh c cc loi u cm cp ngun trn main: u ln nht cp dy cp ngun ln nht t b ngun. i vi main dnh cho PIV tr ln c mt u cp ngun vung 4 dy cm vo main. 3.1.13 FAN Connector L chn cm 3 inh c k hiu FAN nm khu vc gia mainboard cung cp ngun cho qut gii nhit ca CPU. Trong trng hp Case ca bn c gn qut gii nhit, nu khng tm thy mt chn cm qut no d trn mainboard th ly ngun trc tip t cc u dy ca b ngun. 3.1.14 Dy ni vi Case Mt trc thng my thng thng chng ta c cc thit b sau:

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Nt Power: dng khi ng my. Nt Reset: khi ng li my trong trng hp cn thit. n ngun: mu xanh bo my ang hot ng. n cng: mu bo cng ang truy xut d liu. Cc thit b ny c ni vi mainboard thng qua cc dy in nh i km Case. Trn mainboard s c nhng chn cm vi cc k hiu gip bn gn ng dy cho tng thit b. 3.2 Bn ngoi mainboard:

3.2.1 PS/2 Port

Cng dng: Cng gn chut v bn phm. Nhn dng: 2 cng trn nm st nhau. Mu xanh m cm dy bn phm, mu xanh lt dy chut. 3.2.2 USB Port

Cng vn nng - USB vit tt t Universal Serial Bus Cng dng: Dng cm cc thit b ngoi vi nh my in, my qut, webcame ...; cng USB ang thay th vai tr ca cc cng COM, LPT. Nhn dng: cng USB dp v thng c t nht 2 cng nm gn nhau v c k hiu m neo i km. Lu !: i vi mt s thng my (case) c cng USB pha trc, mun dng c cng USB ny bn phi ni dy ni t Case vo chn cm dnh cho n c k hiu USB trn mainboard. 3.2.3 COM Port Cng tun t - COM vit tt t Communications.

Cng dng: Cm cc loi thit b ngoi vi nh my in, my quyt,... Nhng hin nay rt t thit b dng cng COM.

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Nhn dng: l cng c chn cm nh ra, thng c 2 cng COM trn mi mainboard v c k hiu COM1, COM2 3.2.4 LPT Port Cng song song, cng ci, cng my in - LPT vit tt t Line Printer Terminal Cng dng: thng dnh ring cho cm my in. Tuy nhin i vi nhng my in th h mi hu ht cm vo cng USB thay v cng COM hay LPT. Nhn dng: L cng di nht trn mainboard. Trn y l 4 loi cng mc nh phi c trn mi mainboard. Cn cc loi cng khc l nhng loi card c tch hp trn main, s lng l ty vo loi main, ty nh sn xut. 4. VGA Card Card mn hnh - VGA vit tt t Video Graphic Adapter. Cng dng: l thit b giao tip gia mn hnh v mainboard. c trng: Dung lng, biu th kh nng x l hnh nh tnh bng MB (4MB, 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 64MB, 128MB, 256MB, 512MB, 1.2 GB...) Nhn dng: card mn hnh ty loi c th c nhiu cng vi nhiu chc nng, nhng bt k card mn hnh no cng c mt cng mu xanh c trng nh hnh trn cm dy d liu ca mn hnh. Nhn dng: Dng card ri: cm khe AGP, hoc PCI Dng tch hp trn mch (onboard) Lu !: Nu mainboard c VGA onboard th c th c hoc khng khe AGP. Nu c khe AGP th bn c th nng cp card mn hnh bng khe AGP khi cn.

Card mn hnh Onboard l cng mu xanh c trng

VGA cm khe PCI

VGA cm khe AGP

5. HDD

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a cng HDD vit tt t Hard Disk Drive Cu to: gm nhiu a trn xp chng ln nhau vi mt motor quay gia v mt u c quay quanh cc l a c v ghi d liu (xem hnh bn). Cng dng: a cng l b nh ngoi quan trng nht ca my tnh. N c nhim v lu tr h iu hnh, cc phn mm ng dng v cc d liu ca ngi s dng. c trng: Dung lng nh tnh bng MB, v tc quay tnh bng s vng trn mt pht rounds per minute (rpm) Mch bn: HDD hin nay trn th trng c 2 tc 5400rpm, 7200 rpm S dng: HDD ni vo cng IDE1 trn mainboard bng cp (hnh trn), v mt dy ngun 4 chn t b ngun vo pha sau . Lu : Dy cp d liu ca HDD cng c th dng cm cho cc CD, DVD. Trn mt IDE bn c th gn c nhiu cng, CD ty vo s u ca dy cp d liu. Dy cp d liu ca cng khc cp d liu ca mm. 6. RAM B nh truy xut ngu nhin - RAM vit tt t Random Access Memory. Cng dng: Lu tr nhng ch lnh ca CPU, nhng ng dng ang hot ng, nhng d liu m CPU cn ... c trng: Dung lng tnh bng MB. Tc truyn d liu (Bus) tnh bng Mhz. Phn loi: Giao din SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module. Giao din DIMM - Double Inline Memory Module. 6.1 Giao din SIMM Giao din SIMM l nhng loi RAM dng cho nhng mainboard v CPU i c. Hin nay loi Ram giao din SIMM ny khng cn s dng. 6.2 Giao din DIMM

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L loi RAM hin nay ang s dng vi cc loi RAM sau: 6.2.1 SDRAM Nhn dng: SDRAM c 168 chn, 2 khe ct phn chn cm. Tc (Bus): 100Mhz, 133Mhz. Dung lng: 32MB, 64MB, 128MB.

Lu !: SDRAM s dng tng thch vi cc mainboard socket 370 (Mainboard socket 370 s dng CPU PII, Celeron, PIII). 6.2.2 DDRAM Nhn dng: SDRAM c 184 chn, ch c 1 khe ct gia phn chn cm. Tc (Bus): 266 Mhz, 333Mhz, 400Mhz Dung lng: 128MB, 256MB, 512MB.

Lu !: DDRAM s dng tng thch vi cc mainboard socket 478, 775 ( s dng cng vi cc loi CPU Celeron Socket 478, P IV) 6.2.3 DDRAM2 Vit tt l DDR2 - l th h tip theo ca DDRAM Nhn dng: Tc gp i DDRAM, cng c 1 khe ct ging DDRAM nhng DDR2 ct v tr khc nn khng dng chung c khe DDRAM trn mainboard. Tc (Bus): 400 Mhz Dung lng: 256MB, 512MB

6.2.4 RDRAM Nhn dng: C 184 chn, c 2 khe ct gn nhau phn chn cm. Bn ngoi RDRAM c bc tn gii nhit v n hot ng rt mnh. Tc (Bus): 800Mhz.

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Dung lng: 512MB Lu !: RDRAM s dng tng thch vi mainboard socket 478, 775 (cc main s dng PIV, Pentium D) 7. CPU B vi x l, n v x l trung tm - CPU vit tt t Center Processor Unit. c trng: Tc ng h (tc x l) tnh bng MHz, GHz Tc truyn d liu vi mainboard Bus: Mhz B m - L2 Cache. Nh sn xut: Hin nay trn th gi c 2 hng sn xut CPU ln nht l AMD v Intel. Ring th trng VN ch yu s dng CPU Intel. Phn loi: Dng khe cm Slot, dng chn cm Socket. Dng khe cm (Slot) Slot1: dng cho nhng CPU PII, PIII c 242 chn dng khe cm ca hng Intel. Slot A Athlon: dng cho nhng CPU 242 chn dng khe cm ca hng AMD.

Dng chn cm (Socket) Socket 370: Pentium II, Celeron, Pentitum III Socket 478: Celeron, Pentium IV Socket 775: Pentium D. Lu !: Socket i km vi 1 s l s chn ca CPU, v phi xc nh mainboard c socket bao nhiu dng ng loi CPU tng ng.

Socket 370

Socket 478

Socket 775

Tm tt: Thit b ni vi l nhng thit b khng th thiu trong cu hnh ca mt my tnh. Phi m bo s tng thch ca cc thit b khi lp rp.

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II. Thit b ngoi vi: 1. Monitor - mn hnh

Cng dng: L thit b hin th thng tin ca my tnh gip ngi s dng giao tip vi my. c trng: rng tnh bng Inch. Phn loi: Mn hnh ng phng in t CRT (li, phng), mn hnh tinh th lng LCD, mn hnh Plasma. 2. Keyboard - Bn phm Cng dng: Bn phm l thit b nhp. Ngoi nhng chc nng c bn, bn c th tm thy nhng loi bn phm c nhiu chc nng m rng nghe nhc, truy cp internet, hoc chi game. Phn loi: Bn phm cm cng PS/2. Bn phm cm cng USB Bn phm khng dy. 3. Mouse - chut. Cng dng: Chut cng l mt thit b nhp, c bit hu ch i vi cc ng dng ha. Phn loi: - Chut c: dng bi ln xc nh v tr. - Chut quang: dng phn ng nh sng (khng c bi ln) S dng: Ty loi chut c th cm cng PS/2, cng USB, hoc khng dy. 4. FDD a mm - FDD vit tt t Floopy Disk Drive S dng: mm lp t bn trong thng my. u cp b nh tro gn vo , u thng gn vo u cm FDD trn main. Lu !: Cp mm nh hn cp cng, cp mm b nh tro mt u, u ny gn vo mm.

5. CD, CD-RW, DVD, Combo-DVD Cng dng: L nhng loi c ghi d liu t CD,

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VCD, DVD. V dng tia lazer c v ghi d liu nn cc loi ny cn gi l quang hc. c trng: Tc c ghi d liu (24X, 32X, 48X, 52X) Phn loi:

CD-ROM: ch c a CD, VCD. CD-RW: c v ghi a CD, VCD. DVD-ROM: ch c tt c cc loi a CD, VCD, DVD. Combo-DVD: c c tt c cc loi a, ghi a CD, VCD. 6. NIC Card mng - NIC vit tt t Network Interface Card Cng dng: Dng ni mng ni b. Nhn dng: C 1 u cm ln hn u cm dy in thoi, thng c 2 n tn hiu i km. Phn loi: NIC tch hp trn mch - onboard NIC dng card ri cm khe PCI.
NIC gn khe PCI

NIC onboard

7. Sound Card Cng dng: Card m thanh l thit b xut v nhp d liu audio ca my tnh. c trng: Kh nng x l Mhz. Nhn dng: l thit b c t nht 3 chn cm trn nm lin tip nhau. Phn loi: Card tch hp trn mch - Sound onboard. Card ri - gn khe PCI S dng: Da vo cc k hiu bng ch hoc bng mu trn sound card chng ta cm cc thit b nh sau: Line Out (xanh nht): cm dy audio ca loa hoc tai nghe. Line In (xanh m): cm dy d liu audio vo t cc thit b cn a m thanh vo my nh n in t ... Mic (mu ): cm dy ca micro.

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Game (cng ln nht): cm cn chi game Joystick. 8. Modem

Cng dng: Chuyn i qua li gia tn hiu in thoi v tn hiu my tnh gip my tnh ni vi mng Internet thng qua dy in thoi. c trng: Tc truyn d liu Kbps, Mbps... Nhn dng: C u cm dy in thoi. Phn loi: Onboard: thng c trn my xch tay. External: gn ngoi nh hnh 1. Internet: gn trong, cm vo khe PCI trn main nh hnh 2. Lu : i vi modem gn trong bn d nhm vi card mng, card mng c u cm to hn cm dy cp mng v c n tn hiu i km. 9. USB Hard Disk Cng dng: cng USB dng lu tr d liu vi dung lng ln . cng USB cn dng nghe nhc MP3, xem phim MP4.

c trng: Dung lng nh MB, GB v lun cm vo cng USB trn mainboard.

S dng: m bo an ton d liu v ko di tui th ca a cng USB bn phi thc hin thao tc rt a an ton ra khi h thng: Khi khng dng a na th kch chut phi trn biu tng c trng ca a di khay h thng, chn Safe to remove (i vi Windows XP tr ln) hoc Unplug or Eject hardware (i vi Windows 200 tr xung). Chn tn a trong danh sch. Nhn nt Stop. 10. USB TV Cng dng: Thit b thu sng truyn hnh vo my tnh. S dng: Cm USB TV vo cng USB trn mainboard v ci cc phn mm i km theo hng dn ca nh sn xut Lu !: Khi s dng USB TV my bn cn phi c card mn hnh dung lng ln m bo cht lng hnh nh.

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11. Printer Cng dng: Dng in n ti liu t my tnh. c trng: phn gii dpi (*), tc in (s trang trn 1 pht), b nh (MB) Phn loi: In kim, In phun, Lazer 12. Scanner Cng dng: My qut nhp d liu hnh nh, ch vit, m vch, m t vo my tnh. c trng: phn gii - dpi (*) Phn loi: My quyt nh: dng quyt hnh nh, film ca nh chp, ch vit... (h1) My quyt m vch: dng quyt m vch dng trong siu th c gi tin ca hng ha, trong th vin c m s SV t th SV... (h2) My quyt t: c th t, ng dng trong h thng ca thng minh, h thng chm cng nhn vin...(h3)
(*) dpi vit tt t dots per inch - s im nh trn mi inch vung. S lng im nh cng nhiu th phn gii cng ln v hnh nh cng r nt, cht lng. dpi l gi tr xc nh phn gii ca cc thit b x l hnh nh nh mn hnh, my in, my quyt, my nh k thut s, webcame ...

13. Projector Cng dng: n chiu thit b hin th hnh nh vi mn hnh rng thay th mn hnh phc v hi tho, hc tp... c trng: phn gii. S dng: cm dy d liu vo cng VGA thay th dy d liu ca mn hnh. 14. Memory card Cng dng: th nh l thit b lu tr di ng, l b nh c kh nng tng thch vi nhiu thit b khc nhau nh my nh k thut s, my in thoi di ng... c trng: Dung lng MB, GB. S dng: i vi my tnh khng c khe cm th nh nn bn phi s dng mt u c th nh gn vo

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cng USB nh hnh bn.

15. Speaker. Cng dng: loa pht m. c trng: cng sut W S dng: cm dy audio ca loa vi u c k hiu Line Out (mu xanh nht) trn card m thanh.

16. Microheadphone. Cng dng: Microheadphone c 2 chc nng xut v nhp d liu audio. S dng: Mi Microheadphone c 2 u dy, cm dy c k hiu tai nghe vo chn cm Line Out (mu xanh nht), dy c k hiu Micro vo chn cm Mic (mu , hoc hng trn card m thanh.

17. Joystick Cng dng: Dng chi game trn my tnh vi nhiu chc nng c bit thay th chut, bn phm. S dng: Cm dy cp ca Joystick 18. Webcame Cng dng: thit b thu hnh vo my tnh, Webcame s dng trong vic gii tr, bo v an ninh, hi tho t xa, khm bnh t xa ... c trng: phn gii dpi S dng: ni dy d liu vo cng USB pha sau mainboard. Ci cc phn mm h tr i km. 19. UPS

B lu in - UPS vit tt t Uninterruptible Power Supply

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Cng dng: n p dng in v cung cp in cho my trong mt khong thi gian ngn (5 - 10 pht) trong trng hp c s c mt in gip ngi s dng lu ti liu, tt my an ton.

c trng: Cng sut KW S dng: Cm dy ngun ca UPS vo ngun in, cm ngun ca case, mn hnh, my in vo UPS. 20. USB Bluetooth. Cng dng: l thit b giao tip vi my tnh vi cc thit b khc nh in thoi di ng dng cng ngh truyn d liu khng dy bluetooth. S dng: Cm USB Bluetooth vo cng USB.

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