Do An Nam in

TRNG HSP K THUT VINH N TT NGHIP
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V MY TIN REN VT VN NNG 1K62
1.1 Phn tch mt s my tin ren vt vn nng.
1.1.1 B cc chung ca my tin ren vt vn nng.
B phn c nh:
trc ca hp tc
Hp vi sai
Hp chy dao
Thn my.
B phn di ng:
Hp xe dao
Bn dao
Tr sau.
B phn iu khin:
T in
Mm cp
Trc vtme
Trc trn
Trc khi ng.
a. trc:
trc ca my tin c ch to bng gang, bn trong c hp tc v
hp trc chnh. u phi ca hp c lp mm cp (hoc g) kp
cht chi tit gia cng. Trc chnh nhn chuyn ng quay t ng c in b
tri ca my, thng qua chuyn ng ai v cc bnh rng bn trong hp tc
v c dng thay i vng quay trc chnh.
b. Hp tc .
L mt b phn rt quan trng i vi my tin, lm nhim v to ra tc
ct ph hp vi mi chi tit.
GVHD: NGUYN TRNG PHC SV:NGUYN GIA NAM HCTMA-K2
1
c. Hp vi sai.
Hp vi sai c dng iu chnh my khi gia cng mt ct ren vi cc
bc khc nhau.
d. Hp chy dao.
Hp chy dao l mt c cu truyn chuyn ng quay t trc chnh ca
thn my ti trc vt me. Ngoi ra chng cn c nhim v thay i tc chy
dao ca bn dao, t c nng sut v bng yu cu.
e. Thn my.
Thn my c ch to bng gang, trn c lp cc b phn ch yu
ca my. Phn trn ca thn my c hai mt dn hng (phng v lng tr)
di bn dao v sau. Thn my c g trn hai b my.
f. Hp xe dao.
Bn trong hp xe dao c c cu bin chuyn ng quay ca trc vt me
thnh chuyn ng tnh tin ca dao.
g. Bn xe dao.
Bn kp dao v thc hin chuyn ng chy dao, c ngha dch chuyn
ca dao theo cc hng dc trc v hng knh ca chi tit gia cng. Chuyn
ng chy dao c th thc hin bng tay hoc bng chuyn ng c kh. Chy
dao c kh c thc hin nh trc vtme ca my.
h. sau.
sau c dng chng tm (hoc ) mt u ca trc ditong qu
trnh gia cng v kp cht cc loi dao c cn hnh tr (dao khoan, khot).
C nhim v lm tng cng vng khi gia cng cc chi tit di dng
khoan, khot, doa
i. T in ca my.
Tt c cc thit b ca my c t trong t in ca my. M v ng
ng c, m my v dng my, iu khin hp tc , hp xe dao c thc
hin bng cc c cu iu khin tng ng (c th l cn gt nt bm hoc tay
2
quay). kim kch thc gia cng trn my tin ngi ta dng cc loi dng
c nh: thc cp, panme, calip
j. Trc vtme.
tin ren
k. Trc trn.
Dng tin trn.
1.1.2 Phn loi my tin.
My tin c phn da vo cc yu t khi lng, chnh xc, cng dng,
c tnh ca my: ng knh v chiu di ln nht ca phi c th gia cng
c trn my D
max
, L
max
, )
a. Theo khi lng my m c cc loi my sau:
- Loi nh nh: ( m< 0.5 tn), ng knh phi
(100 200)
- Loi trung bnh: ( m = 0.5 4 tn), ng knh phi
(200 500)
- Loi ln: ( m = 4 15 tn), ng knh phi
(630 1200)
- Loi nng: ( m = 15 50 tn), ng knh phi
(1600 4000)
b. Theo cng dng:
- My tin ren vt vn nng c vt me tin ren (dng ph bin)
- My tin khng c vt me ( khng tin ren c)
- My tin rvnve c bn trt thay th ng, trn bn c lp u rvnve
lp b dao. u rvnve c loi quay theo trc thng ng, hoc nm
ngang.
- Cc loi my tin khc nh my tin chuyn dng, my tin nhiu dao, my
tin chphnh, my tin t ng, my tin bn t ng,my tin iu khin
theo chng trnh ( PLC, CNC) my tin ng, my tin ct
c. Theo chnh xc ca my chia lm 5 cp:
- Cp chnh xc tiu chun H
- Cp chnh xc nng cao
- Cp chnh xc cao B
- Cp chnh xc c bit cao A
3
- Cp c bit chnh xc C.
1.1.3 K hiu my tin.
d dng phn bit cc nhm my khc nhau, ngi ta t k hiu cho cc
my. Cc nc c k hiu khc nhau. Theo tiu chun Vit Nam.
Ch u tin ch nhm my: T- tin; KD- khoan doa; M- mi; TH- t hp;
P- phay; BX- bo xoc; C- ct t.
Ch s tip theo biu th kiu my, c trng cho mt trong nhng kch
thc quan trng ca chi tit hay dng c gia cng.
Cc ch ci ch r chc nng mc t ng ha, chnh xc v ci
tin my.
V d: T620: Ch T my tin; S 6 kiu vn nng; S 20 chiu cao tm
my 200 mm, tng ng ng knh ln nht l 400 mm, ch A ci tin t
my T620.
My ct gt kim loi c s dng rng ri nc ta hin nay ch yu do
Lin X c vin tr c k hiu bng cc ch s v ch ci.
Ch s u tin ch nhm my, v d: 1-my tin; 2- my khoan; 3-my
mi; 4-my chuyn dng; 5-my gia cng rng; 6-my phay; 7-my bo xoc.
Ch s th 2 ch kiu (dng) my, v d: my tin s 6 ch my tin ren
vt. Ch s th ba v th t ch mt trong nhnh c tnh c bn ca my. i
vi my tin th y l chiu cao ca trc chnh so vi bng my; my
rvnve l ng knh ln nht ca chi tit gia cng; my tin ng l
ng knh ca bn my.
1.1.4 Cng dng ca my tin.
My tin l my ct kim loi c s dng rng ri nht trong ngnh c kh
ct gt. My tin chim t l khong (30-50)% lng my cng c, v chim
khong (20-30)% ca nn kinh t quc dn. Cng vic ch yu c thc hin
trn my tin ren vt vn nng l gia cng c hng trm cc b mt khc
nhau: mt phng, mt trn xoay t n gin n phc tp nh tin cc mt tr,
4
mt cn, mt cu, mt lch tm, cam, mt khng trn xoay, mt nh hnh, ren,
rnh, l, mt phng, mt bc.
Trn my tin c th thc hin cc nguyn cng khoan, khot, dao, tar,
mi, nghin, ln, kha, p vt, cun l xo, cun tm, hn phun hi, phun p
Vic ng dng ca my c hin i ha.
chnh xc gia cng khi tin c th t cp 3 cp8, nhn cp 4cp 6
(R
z
= 2.5- 40, trng hp c bit c th t cp 8)
1.1.5 So snh tnh u vit mt s hp chy dao my tin ren vt vn nng.
Cc my tin ren vt vn nng c s dng ph bin nc ta hin nay
ch yu do Lin X c vin tr gm cc my: 1616, 1A616, 1A62, 1K62,
16K20nh my c kh trung quy m H Ni do Lin X c gip xy
dng, hin nay i thnh cng ty c kh H Ni sn xut c cc loi my
tin: T616, T620, T630 trn c s cc my cng loi ca Lin X c, c ci
tin cho n gin hn cho ph hp vi iu kin c kh Vit Nam.
My 1K62(T620) l my c s dng rng ri nht trong cc my tin
hin nay Vit Nam.
Ch tiu so snh 1K62 T620 1A62 1A616
Cng sut ng c 10 10 7 4,5
Chiu cao tm my 200 200 200 200
Khang cch ln nht giu
2 mi tm
2000 1400 1500 1000
S cp tc 23 23 21 21
S vng quay nh nht
N
min
(vng/pht)
12,5 12,5 11,5 11,2
S vng quay ln nht
N
max
(vng/pht)
2000 2000 1200 2240
Lng chy dao dc nh
nht S
dmin
(mm/vng)
0,67 0,07 0,082 0,080
Lng chy dao dc ln
nht S
dmax
(mm/vng)
4,16 4,16 1,59 1,36
5
Lng chy dao ngang nh
nht S
min
(mm/vng)
0,035 0,035 0,027 0,08
Lng chy dao ngang ln
nht S
max
(mm/vng)
2,08 2,08 0,52 1,36
Cc loi ren tin c Modun;
Anh;Pitch;
Inch
Modun;
Anh;Pitch;
Inch
Modun;
Anh;Pitch
Modun;
Anh;Pitch
So snh su v hp chy dao.
Hp chy dao my tin 1K62:
- Trong hp chy dao my tin 1K62 s dng c cu Norton, chng c
nhng u, nhc im sau:
u im.
V dng bnh rng trung gian Z
0
nn tng s rng ca bnh rng ch ng v
bnh rng b ng khng cn l mt hng s nn vic la chn s rng c
d dng hn trng hp khong cch gia hai trc khng i.
Kch thc hp tng i nh v cc bnh rng t kht nhau
Khng c nhng bnh rng chy khng n khp vi nhau, nn tn ph cng
sut t.
Nhc im
cng vng tng i km v dng bnh rng trung gian
Khng dng c cc bnh rng nghing to ra cc t s truyn chnh xc
Bnh rng ca khi bnh rng hnh thp cn mng hn ch chiu di .Do
khng th dng bnh rng c ng knh ln.
- Trong hp cn s dng ly hp siu vit, chc iu chnh
- Hp chy dao c cc c cu iu chnh ct c 4 loi ren
Hp chy dao my T616:
- Trong hp chy dao my T616 s dng c cu Man, chng c nhng u,
nhc m sau:
6
u im:
Kch thc chiu trc nh
Phm vi iu chnh ln
Ch to tng i n gin v cc bnh rng u ging nhau.
Nhc im:
C cu m an gin tip v c bnh rng m km cng vng nn khng truyn
c cng sut v tc ln,cn c cu man trc tip th vn c cng vng
m bo.
B tn tht cng sut v cc bnh rng u phi quay k c bnh rng khng
truyn m men xon.
- Hp chy dao c cc c cu iu chnh ct c 3 loi ren
1.1.6 S lc v cu trc cc loi my tin ren vt vn nng.
My 1A62.
C nhiu c im ging my 1K62 chuyn ng to hnh trn my c hai
xch truyn ng c bn l xch tc v xch chy dao. Nhng khng dng
c cu an ton ai c m i m dng c cu an ton trc vt ri.
My T616.
Chuyn ng to hnh ca my 1616 c hai xch truyn ng c bn l xch
tc v xch chy dao. Hp trc chnh s dng c cu Hacne gim tc
xch chy dao ca my dng bnh rng di trt cho nhm c s v c cu
mean cho nhm gp bi. Hp xe dao dng ly hp ma st nhng d b trt v
cng sut chy dao khng ln.
My 1A616.
Chuyn ng to hnh ca my gm hai xch truyn c bn l xch tc v
xch chy dao. My 1A616 c ci tin t my 1616 nhng trc chnh l c
cu Hacne. Hp tc , hp chy dao gm i
cs
v i
gb
u dng bnh rng di
trt nh hp tc v i
gb
ca my 1K62.
1.1.7 Chuyn ng to hnh.
7
1.1.7.1 B mt gia cng
Cc b mt ca chi tit gia cng thng gp trong ngnh ch to my rt a
dng v kch thc v phong ph v hnh dng. Nhng phn ln chng u
thuc cc dng b mt c bn nh sau: dng cc b mt c ng chun l
ng trn, cc b mt c ng chun l ng thng, dng cc b mt c
bit.
a. Dng cc b mt c ng chun l ng trn.
B mt c ng chun l ng trn l cc b mt c to thnh khi cho
ng sinh chuyn ng tng i xung quanh ng chun trn ( Hnh 1.1)
vi c trng c bn l c trc chun i xng hoc tm i xng.
u o n g c h u a n C
u o n g s i n h S
C 1
C 2
S
a ) H i n h t ru b ) H i n h c n
Hnh 1.1: Cc b mt gia cng trn xoay ng sinh thng
B mt tr l b mt trn xoay c ng sinh thng song song vi ng
tm khi tr v ng chun l ng trn (hnh 1.1a)
B mt cn cng l b mt trn xoay c ng sinh thng giao vi ng
tm khi cn v ng chun l cc ng trn (hnh 1.1b)
Nu ng sinh l ng cong (hnh 1.2a) s to thnh b mt trn xoay c
hnh tang trng. B mt hnh dng ren l b mt c th ca ngnh ch to
8
my c ng sinh l ng gp khc, ng chun l ng trn v ng
thng song song vi ng tm khi ren (hnh 1.2b)
C S
S
a ) Hi n h ta ng tr ng b ) Hi n h da n g re n
Hnh 1.2: Cc b mt gia cng ng sinh cong hoc gp khc
b. Dng b mt c bit.
Cc dng b mt c bit l cc b mt khng gian phc tp c ng
chun l ng cong hoc ng thng, ng sinh l cc ng thng hoc
ng thn khaiTy thuc vo phc tp ca b mt gia cng, la chn
ng sinh v ng chun s a n s ng ca my c phc tp
khc nhau. Cc b mt c bit ny c trnh by trn hnh 1.3.
C
S
a) Dangbemat cam
9
Hnh 1.3: Dng b mt c bit
hnh thnh cc dng b mt khc nhau ca chi tit gia cng trong ngnh
ch to my cn thit phi to ra cc ng sinh v ng chun tng ng.
Nu cc b mt gia cng c to thnh t ng sinh l ng thng,
ng trn,ng acsimet hoc ng thn khaith my ct kim loi ch cn
phi hp 2 chuyn ng n gin l : thng v quay trn u.
1.1.7.2 Chuyn ng to hnh
Chuyn ng to hnh ca my ct kim loi l cc chuyn ng tng i
ca dao v phi nhm to ra ng sinh v ng chun, hnh thnh trc tip
b mt gia cng trn my.
Chuyn ng to hnh c hai loi: chuyn ng to hnh n gin v
chuyn ng to hnh phc tp.
a. Chuyn ng to hnh n gin.
L chuyn ng to hnh do cc chuyn ng thnh phn thc hin, khng
ph thuc vo chuyn ng khc theo bt c quy lut no.
V d: hnh 1.4a- Khi dao II chuyn ng tnh tin th phi I quay, hai
chuyn ng ny khng ph thuc vo nhau. Hnh 1.4b- Dao II chuyn ng
quay phi I khng chuyn ng.
a )
b )
Q
Q
II
I
I
II
Hnh 1.4: Cc chuyn ng to hnh n gin
b. Chuyn ng to hnh phc tp
10
L chuyn ng to hnh do nhiu chuyn ng thnh phn c s ph thuc
vo nhau theo mt quy lut nht nh to nn nh khi tin ren tin cn.
1.1.7.3 Cc phng php to hnh
hnh thnh cc dng b mt khc nhau ca chi tit bng kim loi, c rt
nhiu phng php ch to nh: c, cn, p, ct gt,
My ct kim loi to hnh cc chi tit gia cng bng cch ct gt c phoi
theo nhng phng php sau: phng php chp hnh, phng php bao hnh,
phng php theo vt.
a. Phng php chp hnh.
Phng php chp hnh l phng php cho li dao ct trng vi ng
sinh ca b mt chi tit gia cng (hnh v), b mt gia cng c hnh thnh
do ng sinh chuyn ng dc theo ng chun.
- Nu ng chun l ng thng s c b mt gia cng l mt nh hnh.
My ct kim loi thc hin phng php ny l my bo nh hnh hay my
phay chp hnh.
- Nu ng chun l ng trn s cho b mt trn xoay nh hnh.
- Nu ng chun l ng cong phng , b mt gia cng c dng cam.
Cc ng chun ny c th c hnh thnh bng mu chp hnh, bng cam
hoc iu chnh v phi hp cc xch truyn ng ca my.
Phng php chp hnh c nng sut cao nhng kh ch to dao.
b. Phng php theo vt
B mt gia cng c hnh thnh do tng hp cc vt chuyn ng ca li
ct to nn. Ni mt cch khc: qu tch cc vt chuyn ng ca mi dao ct
l ng sinh ca b mt gia cng. My ct kim loi thc hin phng php
ny l my tin, my khoan, my phay
c. Phng php bao hnh
Phng php bao hnh l phng php to hnh khi cho li ct chuyn
ng, n lun lun to thnh nhiu ng, nhiu b mt tip tuyn lin tc vi
b mt gia cng. Qy tch ca nhng tip im ny chnh l ng sinh ca b
11
mt gia cng (hay cn gi l hnh bao ca li ct). B mt to hnh khi s
khng ph thuc vo hnh dng ca li ct.
1.2 Tng quan v my tin ren vt vn nng
1.2.1 B cc chung
My tin ren vt vn nng 1K62 (Hnh 1.5)
Hnh 1.5 My tin 1K62
1-Tay gt iu chnh tr s bc tin hoc bc ren.
2-Tay gt iu chnh bc tin v bc ren.
3,20- Tay iu khin khp li hp.
4,7- Tat iu chnh tc quay trc chnh.
5- Tay t ren tiu chun hoc ren bc tng.
6- Tay t ren tri hoc ren phi.
8- Tay ngt bnh rng ra khi thanh rng khi ct ren.
9- V lng quay bn trt ngang.
10- Tay quay quay v hm c nh dao.
11- Tay dich chuyn bn trt dc.
12
12- Cng tc cho chy dao nhanh.
13- Tay gt cho xe dao t ng chy dao dc v ngang.
14- Tay hm nng sau.
15- Tay hm sau trn bng my.
16- V lng nng sau xe dao.
17- Cng tc chiu sng cc b
18- Cng tc chiu sng chung
19- Cng tc bm nc lm ngui
21- Trc kt vtme
22- ng v m ng c chnh
23- Vlng bn xe dao.
1.2.2 Tnh nng k thut ca my 1K62
Tnh nng k thut T620 1K62
ng knh gia cng ln nht trn my 400 400
ng knh gia cng ln nht di bn dao 220 220
ng knh ln nht l trc chnh (mm) 36 45
Khong cch giu 2 mi tm (mm) 710, 1000,
1400, 2000
7101000
S cp tc trc chnh 23 23
Gii hn vng quay trc chnh (vng/pht) 12,5 2000 12,5 2000
Lng chy dao dc (mm/vng) 0,07 4,16 0,07 4,16
Lng chy dao ngang (mm/vng) 0,035 2,08 0,035
2,08
Ct cc loi ren
Quc t (mm)
Anh (1")
M un (mm)
Pt
1 192
24 2
(0,5 48)
1 96
1 192
24 2
(0,5 48)
1 96
Chy dao nhanh (mm/pht)
Dc
Ngang
3,4
1,7
3,4
1,7
13
Cng sut ng c chnh (KW)
S vng quay (vng/pht)
10
1450
10
1450
Cng sut ng c chy nhanh (KW)
S vng quay (vng/pht)
1
1410
1
1410
Kch thc my (mm)
Rng
Cao
Di
1166
1324
25222812
Khi lng (kg) 2161 3000
CHNG 2
PHN TCH NG HC MY 1K62
2.1 S kt cu ng hc my 1K62
14
C
iv
ikd
idc
itt
ics igb
ixd
ntc
tp
s
tx1 =12
tx2 =5
10x3
Thi?t k? Nguy?n Gia Nam
Hu?ng d?n Nguy?n Tr?ng Phc
Tru?ng HSP k? thu?t Vinh
L?p:HCTMA-K2
MY TI?N RENVT V?N NANG
1K62
SO? K?T C?U
? NGH? C
Hnh 2.1 S kt cu ng hc my 1K62
- Phng trnh xch tc :
n
c
.i
v
= n
tc
(vng/pht)
- Phng trnh ct ren thng:
1 vng/tc.i
c
.i
tt
.i
cs
.i
gb
.t
x1
= t
p
(mm)
- Phng trnh ct ren khuych i ngang (ren mm cp):
1 vng/tc.i
c
.i
tt
.i
cs
.i
gb
.i
xd
.t
x2
= t
p1
(mm)
- Phng trnh xch tin trn n dao dc:
1 vng/tc.i
c
.i
tt
.i
cs
.i
gb
.i
xd
.thanh rn bnh rng 10x3 = s
dc
(mm/vng)
- Phng trnh xch tin trn n dao ngang:
1 vng/tc.i
c
.i
tt
.i
cs
.i
gb
.i
xd
.t
x2
= s
ngang
(mm/vng)
15
40 37
45
20
60 37
14
48
37
40 37
20
28
27
20
66
N = 10KW
n = 1450vng/pht
N = 1KW
n = 1410vng/pht
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
L?p:HCTMA-K2
MY TI? NRENVT V? NNANG
1K62
SO ? K? T C? U
? NG H? C
Hnh 2.2 S ng my 1K62
2.1.1 Phng trnh xch tc
ng truyn t ng c in c cng sut 10 KW n trc chnh c th
hin trn hnh 2.3:
Phng trnh xch tc c th hin:
16
N d c 1 ( 1 4 5 0 )
1 4 2
2 5 4
( I )
5 6
3 4
5 1
3 9
( I I )
2 1
5 5
2 9
4 7
3 8
3 8
( I I I )
2 2
8 8
4 5
4 5
( I V )
2 2
8 8
4 5
4 5
( V )
2 7
5 4
( V I ) = n 1 n 1 8 = n 1 9 n 2 3
( C 1 )
5 0
2 4
3 6
3 8
5 0
2 4
( V I )
ungquay
thun
ungquay nghch
Ly h p ma st
ungtruyn tc thp
ungtruyn tc cao
I
II
III
VI
IV
V
T ng c
L?p:HCTMA-K2
MY TI?NREN VT V?N NANG
1K62
SO ? K?T C?U
? NG H? C
Hnh 2.3 Cc ng truyn ca hp tc
17
ng truyn thun cho trc VI
1 x 2 x 3 x 1 = 6 tc cao
Trn thc t ta thy trong nhm truyn t trc III sang trc IV n trc V.
22/88 . 22/88 = 1/16
60/60 . 22/88 = 1/4
22/88 . 49/49 = 1/4
60/60 . 49/49 = 1
C t s truyn 1/4 trng nhau, nn trn thc t nhm ny ch c 3 t s
truyn. S cp tc thp l: 1 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 1 = 18
Chui tc trc chnh:
n
1
, n
2,
n
3,
...........,n
18
, n
19
, .............,n
23
- C: n
1
, n
2,
n
3,
...........,n
18
tc thp
- c: n
19
, .............,n
23
tc cao
V yu t ng lc ngi ta thit k tc thp nht ca ng truyn cao ,
n
19
gn trng vi tc cao nht ca ng truyn thp n
19
= n
18
. Vy thc t
c 23 tc trc chnh. L do lm trng t s truyn 1/4 l ct ren khuych
i. ng truyn quay ngc trc chnh
1 x 1 x 3 x 1 = 3 tc cao
1 x 1 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 1 = 12 tc thp l thuyt
1 x 1 x 3 x 3 = 9 tc thp thc t
Vy trc chnh c 12 cp tc chy ngc.
2.1.2 Phng trnh xch ct ren thng
Xch ct ren trn my tin xut pht t 1 vng quay trc chnh v kt thc
bng dch chuyn 1 bc ren T
p
ca dao ct (hnh 2.4)
18
idc
itt
ics igb
1 vng trc chnh
tp
tx =12
tp
L?p:HCTMA-K2
MY TI? N REN VT V? N NANG
1K62
SO ? K?T C? U
? NG H? C
Hnh 2.4 S kt cu ng hc xch ct ren
Phng trnh tng qut xch ct ren:
1 Vng TC . ic . itt
ics
1
ics
igb.tx
tp
25,4
n
Dp
25,4.p
m.p
Trong :
i
tt
= 42/95 . 95/50 (t s truyn ca cp bnh rng thay th 1) c dng ct
ren quc t v ren Anh).
19
i
tt
= 64/95 . 95/97 (t s truyn ca cp bnh rng thay th 2) c dng ct
ren mun v ren Pitch.
ct c nhiu bc ren khc nhau trong cng mt h ren trong hp chy
dao dng c cu Norton (khi bnh rng hnh thp c 7 bnh rng) c 7 t s
truyn ct c 7 bc ren, 7 t s truyn ny c gi l i
cs
.
- Khi c cu norton l ch ng, k hiu t s truyn ch ng l:
i
cs
= z
n
/36
- Khi c cu norton l b ng th k hiu l:
i
csb
= 1/i
cs
= 36/z
n
Trong Z
n
= 26, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48.
- Khi ct ren quc t v m un th b norton l ch ng. ng ly hp M2
bnh rng Z
35
khng n khp vi bnh rng Z
28
(ng truyn IX - ly hp C
2
-
XI - X ly hp C
3
) => i
cs
= z
n
/36
i
cs
=
36
48
,
36
44
,
36
40
,
36
36
,
36
32
,
36
28
,
36
26
36

n
Z
- Khi ct ren anh v ren pitch th norton l b ng m ly hp C
2
, Z
28
khng n
khp vi Z
35
(ng truyn t trc IX khng qua C
2
-> X -> XI khng qua
C
3
...)
i
csb
= 36/z
n
i
csb
=
48
36
,
44
36
,
40
36
,
36
36
,
32
36
,
28
36
,
26
36 36
n
Z
Tt c cc trng hp ct ren u phi truyn qua nhm gp bi c cc t s
truyn sau (hnh 2.5)
20
XIV
XIII
XII
Tru?ng HSP k?thu?t Vinh
L?p:HCTMA-K2
MY TI?N REN VT V?N NANG
1K62
SO ? K?T C?U
? NG H? C
Hnh 2.5 Nhm truyn ng gp bi
igb
18
45
15
48
1
8
4
1
48
15
35
28
18
45
35
28
1
2
1
1
28
35
35
28
Nh vy v nguyn tc khi ct mi h ren thng qua hp chy dao c
7 x 4 = 28 bc ren khc nhau.
Khi ct ren tri trc chnh quay khng i, cn hng chy dao phi ra xa
mm cp tc l trc vt me quay theo chiu ngc li nh c cu o chiu
bng bnh rng m c s rng l 28:
21
i
c
=
35
28
.
28
35
a. Trng hp ct ren quc t dng cho cc mi ghp bulng, cu, c vtc
phng trnh xch ng nh sau:
1vg/Tc(VI)
60
60
(VII)
42
42
28
35
35
28
(VIII)
95
42
50
95
(IX) Ly hop C2(XI)
36
36
32
36
28
36
26
36
36
40
36
44
36
48
(X) Ly hop C4 (XII)
18
45
28
(XIII)
15
45
35
(XIV) Ly hop C5 tx1=tp(mm)
Suy ra cng thc iu chnh: t
p
= K
QT
.Z
n
.i
gb
b. Trng hp ct ren modun: dng cho truyn ng trc vt,,dn v o loi
ren ny l mun k hiu l , trong bc ren t
p
=.m:
i
TT
=
97
95
.
95
64
Phng trnh ct ren:
22
1vg/Tc(VI)
60
60
(VII)
42
42
28
35
35
28
(VIII)
95
64
97
95
(IX) Ly hop C2 Z26 (XI)
36
36
32
36
28
36
26
36
36
40
36
44
36
48
(X) Ly hop C4 (XII)
18
45
35
28
(XIII)
15
45
28
35
(XIV) Ly hop C5 tx1=m.p
K
1
.Z
n
.i
gb
= m.
t K
m
=
1
K
suy ra cng thc iu chnh: m= K
m
.Z
n
.i
gb
Ren quc t v ren m un thuc ren h mt. Ren h Anh gm ren Anh v ren
Pitch. Tuy nhin vic ct ren Anh vn thc hin c trn my 1K62.
c. Trng hp ct ren Anh : dng trong mi ghp bu lng, cutng t nh
ren h mt.
Trong ren h mt thng s c trng l bc ren t
p
. Trong ren h Anh thng s
c trng l K: s vng ren trn mt Inch ( 1 Inch = 25,4mm)
K=
K
mm
t
t
mm
p
p
4 , 25 4 , 25

Bnh rng thay th: i
TT
=
50
95
.
95
42
; c cu Norton:
n cs
Z i
36 1
(B ng).
Phng trnh xch ct ren:
23
1 v g / T c ( V I )
6 0
6 0
( V I I )
4 2
4 2
2 8
3 5
3 5
2 8
( V I I I )
9 5
4 2
5 0
9 5
( X I )
3 6
3 6
3 6
3 2
3 6
2 8
3 6
2 6
4 0
3 6
4 4
3 6
4 8
3 6
3 7
3 5
3 5
3 7
2 5
2 8
2 8
3 5
3 5
2 8
. ig b . t x =
K
2 5 , 4
Do t
p
=
K
mm 4 , 25
suy ra cng thc iu chnh: K=K
A
.Z
n
.
gb
i
1
d, Trng hp ct ren pitch: dng cho truyn ng trc vt trong h Anh. Thng
s c trng l D
p
-s mun trong 1 Inch:
D
p
=
m
4 , 25
V m =
p
p
p
t
D
t

. 4 , 25

Bnh rng thay th: i
TT
=
97
95
.
95
64
; c cu Norton:
n cs
Z i
36 1
(b ng).
Phng trnh xch ct ren:
24
1 v g / T c ( V I )
6 0
6 0
( V I I )
4 2
4 2
2 8
3 5
3 5
2 8
( V I I I )
9 5
6 4
9 7
9 5
( X I )
3 6
3 6
3 6
3 2
3 6
2 8
3 6
2 6
4 0
3 6
4 4
3 6
4 8
3 6
3 7
3 5
3 5
3 7
2 5
2 8
2 8
3 5
3 5
2 8
. i g b . t x =
D p
2 5 , 4 . p
Ta c cng thc iu chnh D
p
= K
p
.Z
n
.
gb
i
1
2.1.3 Phng trnh xch xt ren khuych i
Xch ct ren khuych i dng gia cng ren nhiu u mi, rnh xon
dn du.... trn c s khuych i bc ren tiu chun ln 2, 8, 32 ln. Mun
tng bc ren cn ct ln 2, 8 hay 32 ln. Ngi ta dng nhng t s truyn
khuych i gia trc V v trc IV, gia trc V v trc III. Khi bnh rng z
54
trn trc chnh n khp vi z
27
trn trc V, bnh rng z
45
trn trc III n khp
vi z
45
trn trc VII, s c cc t s truyn khuych i nh sau:
ik2
54
27
45
45
2
8
22
88
27
54
54
27
88
22
32
ik1
ik3
45
45
22
88
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
25
ng Ct ren thng: VI -> VII -> VIII -> IX
ng ct ren khuych i: VI -> V -> IV -> III -> VIII -> IX
Trong c mt xch trng l:
ik2 = 8
22
88
27
54 45
45
45
45
ik4 = =
2.1.4 Phng trnh ct ren chnh xc
Khi ct ren chnh xc ng truyn phi l ngn nht (TC -> VI -> VII)
1 vng/tc. i
c
. i
tt
. C
2 rng
(z
26
vo khp) C
3 rng
(z
25
vo khp) C
5 rng
(z
28
vo
khp). t
x1
= t
p
Mun thay i bc ren phi tnh li t s truyn ca khi bnh rng thay
th.
i
tt
=
12
.
1
.
p
p
x
t
t
t d
c
b
a

2.1.5 Ct ren mt u
Ren mt u c s dng gia cng ng xon acsimet trn mm cp 3
vu... khi dao tin chy hng knh nn khng dng c vt me dc,
khng qua ly hp siu vit vo trc trn => vo hp xe dao ri ti vt me
ngang c t
x
= 5mm.
2.1.6 Tin trn
y l nguyn cng chim nhiu thi gian nht trong thi gian phc v ca
my tin, phng trnh xch truyn ng ca n nh xch ct ren nhng khng
qua trc vt me m i qua ly hp siu vit ri n hp xe dao. Lng chy dao
dc: = 0,7 4,16 mm/vng.
Trn my 1K62 c tin trn chy dao dc v tin trn chy dao ngang(dng
kha mt u, ct t)
26
Xch tin trn truyn ng theo con ng ren quc t qua i
dc
=
56
25
, nhng
n trc XV (khng qua li hp C
5
vi trc vt me) truyn qua cp bnh rng
56
28
(bnh rng 56 bn trong c li hp siu vit) xung trc XVI (trc trn),
qua
28
20
.
20
27
n trc vt K=4, bnh vt 20 rng lm trc bnh vt quay trn.
Truyn ng bt u chia lm 2 ng: theo na bn tri trc bnh vt 20 dng
tin chy dao dc, na bn phi tin chy dao ngang.
XVIII
XIX
K=4
Z=20
Z=45
Z=37 Z=37
Z=40
XIX XX
lng khng
Z=45
Z=37 Z=37
Z=40
XX XXII
XIX
Hnh 2.6 Chy dao dc thun v li dao qua bnh rng m Z45
27
Chy dao dc: T trc bnh vt Z20(XVIII) qua cp bnh rng
37
40
(bnh
rng 37b lng khng) ng li hp truyn chuyn ng vo trc XX, qua cp
bnh rng
66
14
ti bnh rng Z10, thanh rng m=3, bn xe dao chy dc
hng vo mm cp( chy thun).
Mun chy dao dc li v, ng truyn qua bnh rng m 45 theo hnh
v. T bnh rng 40 (pha sau) trn trc XIX truyn qua bnh rng m 45 ti
bnh rng 37 trn trc XX, ng li hp chuyn ng quay truyn qua cp bnh
rng
66
14
ti bnh rng Z10, thanh rng m=3, bn xe dao li.
Chy dao ngang: ng truyn ging nh chy dao dc truyn theo na bn
phi hp xe dao ti cc cp bnh rng
20
61
.
61
40
ri n vt me ngang t
x
=5mm.
Chy dao nhanh: My c ng c chy dao nhang N = 1kw, n = 1410
vng/pht, trc tip lm quay nhanh trc trn XVI.
2.1.7 Ct ren khng tiu chun
Khi yu cu ct mt bc ren m trong tiu chun khng c, v d, cn ct ren
quc t vi bc ren phi tiu chun 3,25mm.
Dng b bnh rng thay th
50
95
.
95
42
ct bc ren 3,5mm. ct bc ren
3,25mm cn phi dng i
tt
mi.
Do : i
tt
=
50
42
.
42
39
14
13
.
50
42
5 , 3
25 , 3
.
50
95
.
95
42

,
_
Vy mun ct c bc ren khng tiu chun 3,25mm phi ch to thm

bnh rng Z39 c t s truyn
42
39
, khi gi thnh s cao hn so vi ct
cc bc ren tiu chun.
2.1.8 Cc t s gn ng khi tnh ton iu chnh my tin
28
Khi tnh ton iu chnh my tin ct cc bc ren quy i khng ph hp vi
tiu chun theo h mt, phi lm trn cc t s truyn thun tin cho vic
lu chnbnh rng thay th. C 2 tr s phi quy i v lm trnthng gp l:
Tr s v tr s 25,4.
a. Tr s : y l tr s thng gp khi ct ren Modun. Nn ly cc t s truyn nh
sau:

'
50
157
17
47
.
22
25
127
21 . 19
5 . 97
127 . 12
95
127
.
20
47
5
127
.
380
47
b. Tr s 25,4: aay l tr s phi tnh khi ct ren Anh v ren Pitch. N tng
ng vi cc t s gn ng nh sau:
25,4 =
'
) 0 , 0 (
5
127
61 , 0 (
13
11 . 30
13
330
) 45 , 0 (
17
24 . 18
17
432
) 2 , 0 (
9 . 7
40 . 40
63
1600
Bng 2.1 cho cc t s gn ngtgng c s dng khi iu chnh ct ren
my tin.
Bng 2.1 Cc t s gn ng thng c s dng khi iu chnh ct ren my
tin
25,4
4 , 25
n
) 0 , 0 (
5
127
) 4 , 0 (
7
22
) 01 , 0 (
95 , 4
47
) 0 , 0 (
5
127
) 45 , 0 (
17
24 . 18
) 07 , 0 (
21 . 25
27 . 33
) 1 , 0 (
24 . 32
19 . 5
) 05 , 0 (
5
19 . 21
) 12 , 0 (
9 . 7
40 . 40
) 04 , 0 (
127
21 . 19
) 21 , 0 (
97
12
) 01 , 0 (
7 . 7
23 . 17 . 10
) 61 , 0 (
13
30 . 11
) 03 , 0 (
19 . 13
97 . 8
) 4 , 0 (
127 . 7
5 . 22
) 3 , 0 (
11 . 2
65 . 27
) 02 , 0 (
30 . 4
29 . 13
) 23 , 0 (
31 . 6
23
) 11 , 0 (
47
125 . 30
29
) 0006 , 0 (
113
71 . 5
2.2 Cc c cu c bit trong hp chy dao my 1K62
2.2.1 C cu Norton
C cu Norton bao gm mt s bnh rng lp k tip nhau theo dng hnh
thp trn trc I. Truyn ng a ti trc II qua bnh rng m Z36. Bnh
rng trung gian Z25 n khp vi bnh rng di trt Z28 c lp trn khung
1. Khung ny c th dch chuyn quanh trc v dc trc II.
Khi cn cho bnh rng Z36 n khp vi mt bnh rng no ca khi
Norton th xoay khung 1 mt gc, dch chuyn dc trc n v tr cn thit v
a bnh rng Z36 vo n khp vi bnh rng trn khi Norton. Trc I c th
l trc ch ng hoc b ng. Khi bnh rng hnh thp trn my 1K62 lp 7
bnh rng ( Z
1
=26, Z
2
=28, Z
3
=32, Z
4
=36, Z
5
=40, Z
6
=44, Z
7
=48).
Kch thc ca c cu Norton nh gn, tuy thc hin nhiu t s truyn
nhng cng vng khng cao.
I
N
=
28
25
.
36
n
Z
Z7 Z6
Z5
Z4
Z3
Z2
Z1
(I)
Z=25
Z=36
khung (1)
Z=28
(II)
Z=28
Z=36
Z=25
Z1 Z7
Z4
2.2.2 Ly hp siu vit
30
C cu ly hp siu vit bao gm: V (1) c ch to lin vi bnh rng
Z56 nhn truyn ng t hp chy dao. Li (2) quay bn trong v (1) c x
4 rnh v trong tng rnh c t con ln hnh tr (3). Mi con ln u c cht
y (4) v l xo (5), y n lun tip xc vi v (1) v li (2). Li (2) c lp
trn trc XV bng mi ghp then hoa.
Khi chy dao, khi bnh rng c 2 t s truyn 28/56 lm v (1) quay theo
chiu ngc kim ng h. Do ma st v lc tc dng ca l xo, con ln s b
kt ch hp gia v (1) v li (2). Do li (2) s nhn chuyn ng chy
dao truyn cho trc XV, trc then hoa ny s quay cng chiu v cng vn tc
vi v (1).
Khi v (1) chuyn ng theo chiu kim ng h con ln (3) s chy n ch
rng gia v (1) v li (2) => xch chy dao b ngt.
=> Mun cho trc then hoa quay theo chiu ny phi c khi bnh rng Z28 -
Z28 trn trc XVI vo khp vi bnh rng Z56 lp c nh trn trc XV.
Ngoi ly hp siu vit truyn ng ny cn dng ct ren mt u.
Khi chy dao nhanh, trc XV nhn chuyn ng t ng c (C
2
N =
1KW, n = 1410 vng/pht) lm li (2) quay nhanh theo chiu ngc kim ng
h. Lc ny v (1) vn nhn chuyn ng chy dao theo chiu kim ng h
nhng vn tc chm hn li (2). Do cc con ln (3) u chy n v tr rng
gia v (1) v li (2) => xch chy dao b ct t v trc trn chuyn ng vi
tc nhanh.
31
Tu d/c chinh
Z=28
XIV
Z=56
ly hop
sieu viet
XV XVII
Truc tron
Tu d/c chay
nhanh
N=1kw
n=1410 vg/ph
1(Z=56)
2
3
4
5
6
CHNG 3
TNH TON NG HC HP CHY DAO MY TIN 1K62
3.1 B thng s tnh nng k thut hp chy dao my 1K62.
- ti thit k hp chy dao my tin 1K62. Thng s k thut nh sau.
- Z= 23; = 1,26; n
max
= 2000v/p; n
min
= 12,5 v/p
- Ct c 4 loi ren sau:
- Ren Quc t : t
p
= 1 192 mm
- Ren Modun: m = 0,5 48
- Ren Anh: n = 24 2
- Ren Pitch: Dp = 96 4
3.1.1 c im ca hp chy dao
So vi hp tc , hp chy dao c c im sau y.
- Cng sut truyn b, thng ch bng 510% cng sut truyn ng chnh.
- Tc lm vic chm hn nhiu so vi hp tc , do hai nguyn nhn
trn trong hp chay dao c th dng cc c cu gim tc nhiu v hiu sut
thp.
- Phm vi iu chnh t s truyn ng
i
s
2,8
32
R
smax
= i
smax
/ i
smin
= 2,8/ =14
- i vi cc my cng c hp chy dao phi p ng c mt s yu cu c
th nh chnh xc, mc lm vic m, chuyn ng phc tp
- i vi cc my tin ren vt vn nng, c trng nht l tin c cc loi
ren chnh xc theo tiu chun. Do nu t s truyn trong hp chy dao c
sai s s nh hng trc tip n bc ren tin c.
- Hp chy dao ca my tin tuy c hai cng dng tin ren v tin trn nhng
thit k ta ch n tin ren. Sau khi thit k xong nu tnh cc bc tin trn
thy chng c th trng nhau, st nhau, hoc chng c th cch qung. Vn
khng quan trng lm v trn thc t cc bc tin ni chung kh dy c
nn ch cch qung hu nh t gy ra tn tht nng sut gia cng.
3.1.2 Yu cu i vi hp chy dao
Hp chy dao phai tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- S cp chy dao phi
- Phm vi iu chnh ca s lng chy dao (s
min
, s
max
)
- Quy lut phn b ca cc lng chy dao thng thng theo cp s
nhn, my tin ren vt theo cp s cng.
- Tnh cht ca lng chy dao (lin tc hay dn on).
- chnh xc ca chy dao.
- cng vng ca xch truyn ng.
3.1.3 iu kin k thut
Khc vi hp tc trong a s cc my, hp chay dao khng c mt
chun xc nh v tr tng i gia phi v dao. V vy sai s ch to v
lp rp khng phn nh trc tip ti sai s gia cng, nh cn, van,
nghingm sai s truyn ng hp chy dao thng phn nh vo bng
gia cng, v n to ra tc chy dao khng u.
V y l hp chy dao ca my tin ren vt, nn cn m bo lng di ng
chnh xc, v vy chnh xc truyn ng ca cc chi tit trong hp chy
33
dao yu cu cao v sai s s lm cho vt me quay khng u, dn n bn
dao chuyn ng vi tc khng u .
3.2 Sp xp bc ren
3.2.1 C s l lun
Theo yu cu cn thit k cn tin cc loi ren khc nhau (4 loi)
V cc bc ren c tiu chun ha nn c th hp chy dao i hi phi ct
c cc bc ren sau:
a. Ren quc t: t = 1 192 (mm)
t
p
= 1; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75; 2; 2,25; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5; 5,5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12;
14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 28; 32; 36; 40; 44; 48; 56; 64; 72; 80; 88; 96; 112; 128;
144; 160; 176; 192.
b. Ren Anh: S vng ren trn mt tc anh(inch) - t =
n = 24; 20; 19; 18; 16; 14; 12; 11; 10; 9; 8; 7; 6; 5; 4,5 4; 3,5; 3; 2,5; 2.
c. Ren Modun: t = .m
m = 0,5; 1; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75; 2; 2,25; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5; 5; 5,5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 12;
14; 16; 18; 20; 24; 28; 32; 36; 40; 48.
d. Ren Pitch: S modun trn mt tc Anh t =
D = 48; 44; 40; 36; 32; 28; 24; 22; 20; 18; 16; 14; 12; 10; 9; 8; 7; 3,5; 2,75; 2;
1,75; 1,5; 1.
- Vi nhiu bc ren trn , nu khng c phng php hp l s dn n s
bnh rng qu ln.
VD: ct c 19 bc ren quc t cn c 38 bnh rng nn dn n s
bnh rng qu ln.
3.2.2 L lun chn c cu trong hp chy dao
- Do vy cn phi sp xp bng ren c phng php thit k sao cho bnh
rng khng qu ln m vn tin c cc bc ren. Mun vy ta sp xp
cc bc ren thnh nhm c s v nhm gp bi.
34
- Du theo my chun phn tch, trong hp chy dao my tin mi ta cng
dng c cu Norton tin cc bc ren c s. Nh c cc nhm bnh rng di
trt...thc hin cc t s truyn gp bi...
- m bo cng vng ca c cu Norton, s bnh rng trong khi bnh
rng hnh thp phi nh nht c th.
- Vi loi ren Anh, nu s vng ren trn 1 inch cng t th bc ren cng ln
nn ta phi sp xp bc ren ln, tc K nh v pha phi ca bng xp ren.
- Ti liu thit k vit:
+) Khi ct ren Anh v renn Pitch, s rng Z
i
ca b Norton t l so v s vng
ren trong 1 inch.
+) Khi ct ren quc t, s rng Z
i
ca b Norton t l vi bc ren quc t.
3.3.3 Sp xp bng ren
- T nhng c s l lun trn, ta tin hnh sp xp bng ren theo nguyn tc:
+) Cc hng ngang tun theo quy lut cp s nhn (quan h giu cc ct).
+) Cc gi tr trong cc ct tun theo quy lut cp s cng.
Sp xp sao cho s hng ngang l nh nht v nh vy mi lm cho s bnh
rng ca c cu Norton l nh nht
3.3.3.1 Bng ren quc t: t = 1 192 (mm)
T s truyn
Norton
Tiu chun Khuych i
1 - 1,75 3,5 7 14 28 56 112
2 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
3 - - 4,5 9 18 36 72 148
4 1,25 2,5 5 10 20 40 80 160
5 - - 5,5 11 22 44 88 176
6 1,5 3 6 12 24 48 96 192
T s gp bi 1/8 1/4 1/2 1/1 2/1 4/1 8/1 16/1
3.3.3.2 Bng ren Modun: m = 0,5 48
T s truyn Tiu chun Khuych i
35
Norton
1 - - - 1,75 3,5 7 14 28
2 - 0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32
3 - - - 2,25 4,5 9 18 36
4 - - 1,25 2,5 5 10 20 40
5 - - - - 5,5 11 22 44
6 - - 1,5 3 6 12 24 48
T s gp bi 1/8 1/4 1/2 1/1 2/1 4/1 8/1 16/1
3.3.3.3 Bng xp ren Anh: n =24 2

p
t
n
4 , 25
1 3 6,5 3,25 -
2 14 7 3,5 -
3 16 8 4 2
4 18 9 4,5 2,25
5 19 - - -
6 20 10 5 2,5
7 22 11 5,5 -
8 24 12 6 3
2/1 1/1 1/2 1/4
3.3.3.4 Bng xp ren Pitch: D = 48 1

p
t
n
4 , 25
1 - - - - - -
2 28 14 7 3,5 - -
3 32 16 8 4 2 1
4 36 18 9 4,5 2,25 -
5 38 - - - - -
6 40 20 10 5 2,5 1,25
7 44 22 11 5,5 - -
8 48 24 12 6 3 1,5
36
4/1 2/1 1/1 1/2 1/4 1/8

3.4 Thit k nhm c s
Ta thy bng xp ren c 7 hng nn ta chn c cu Norton gim chiu di
ca trc. tnh ton c cu Norton ta ly nhm c i =1, chn s rng cc
bnh rng trong c cu Norton tt nht trong khong :
25 Z 60.
Cch thit k nh sau: gi s gi Z, Z .... Z
n
l s rng ca cc bnh rng thuc
c cu Norton ta c:
- ct ren quc t th:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 3,5 : 4 : 4,5 : 5 : 5,5 : 6
Hoc 7 : 8 : 9: 10: 11 : 12
S rng Z, Z .... Z
n
khng th qu ln v s lm tng kch thc nhm truyn
nn ngi ta hn ch trong gii hn: 25 Z 60.
Do : Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
=28: 32: 36: 40: 44: 48
= 35: 40: 45: 50: 55: 60
Ta dng c cu Norton cho nhm ren quc t v ly lm chun cho 4 loi ren.
- ct ren mdun th:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
= 1,75 : 2 : 2,25 : 2,5 : 3
Do s rng: Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
= 28: 32: 36: 40: 48
= 35 : 40 : 45 : 50 : 60
- ct ren Anh:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z : Z
8
= 13 : 14 : 16 : 18 :19 : 20 : 22 : 24
Hoc = 6,5 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 9,5 : 10 : 11 : 12
Do s rng l: Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z : Z
8
= 26: 28: 32: 36: 38: 40: 44:
48
- ct ren Pitch :
- Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 56 : 64:72 :80 :88 : 96
37
Do s rng Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 28 : 32: 36 :40 :44 : 48
Hoc = 35 : 40 : 45 : 50 : 55 : 60
Vy ct c 4 loi ren trn th s rng ca c cu Norton l:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7
: Z
8
= 26 : 28 : 32 : 36 : 38 : 40 : 44 : 48
trnh cho b Norton tr nn km cng vng do 2 gi t xa nhau, s
bnh rng ca b Norton phi nh hn 8 bnh rng.
Nhn xt: Ch v ct loi ren Anh c n=19 ren/pitch nn b Norton phi thm
bnh rng X
5
=38 bnh rng ny khng dng ct 3 loi ren cn li nn ta b
bnh rng Z
5
=38. Nh vy b Norton ch cn li 7 bnh rng
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7
= 26 : 28 : 32 : 36 : 40 : 44 :48
3.5 Tnh ton thit k nhm gp bi
Nhm gp bi phi to ra 4 t s truyn vi = 2. Tr s bao nhiu cn ph
thuc vo ct no lm nhm c s trong bng xp ren. Tham kho theo my
mu th nhm gp bi c dng khi bnh rng di trt (c mt bnh rng
dng chung). Chn ct 7 12 trong bng xp ren quc t lm nhm c s th
cc t s truyn nhm gp bi l:
1
1
:
2
1
:
4
1
:
8
1
3.5.1 Chn phng n khng gian
Ta c Z = 4 = 4 x 1 = 2 x 2
Ta c bng so snh phng n khng gian nh sau:
PA
Yu t
4 x1 2 x 2
- Tng s bnh rng 10 8
- Tng s trc 3 3
- Chiu di trc 8b+7f 8b+7f
- S bnh rng chu
mmen xon ln nht.
1 2
38
Nhn xt: do phng n khng gian 4 x 1 c s bnh rng trn trc qu nhiu
s lm tng chiu di trc, ng thi lm gim cng vng ca trc nn ta
chn PAKG hp l l: Z = 2 x 2.
3.5.2 Chn phng n th t
Vi PAKG Z = 2 x 2 c hai phng n th t, ta c bng so snh cc phng
n th t sau:
STT PATT Li kt cu nhm
Lng m
cc i
Xmax
1
2 x 2
I II
[1] [2]
1 2
2
2
2 4
2
2 x 2
II I
[2] [1]
2 1
2
2
2 4
- Vi mi phng n trn ta c li kt cu nh sau
PA1 PA2

Z 2 x 2
I II
[1] [2]

Z 2 x 2
II I
[2] [1]

39
i 1 i 2
i 4 i 3
I
I I
I I I
2 [ 1 ]
2 [ 2 ]
i 1 i 2
i 4 i 3
I
I I
I I I
2 [ 2 ]
2 [ 1 ]
Ta c th vng quay nh sau:

Z 2 x 2
I II
[1] [2]

Z 2 x 2
II I
[2] [1]
2[2]
n1 n2 n3 n4
i1=1
i4=2
2[1]
2[2]
n1 n2 n3 n4 n2
i1=1
i2=1/2
i3=1/4
i4=1
2[1]
2[2]
n1 n2 n3 n4
i1=1
i2=1/2
i3=1/4
i4=1
2[1]
40
Nhn xt:
Phng n hnh v b trn vn cho ta 4 t s truyn v c cng bi = 2 v
cho ta 4 s truyn
4
1
,
2
1
,
1
1
,
1
2
nh vy khng ng vi my mu 1K62.
Phngn n hnh v a cng nh vy cho ta 4 t s truyn
8
1
,
4
1
,
2
1
,
1
1

ph hp vi my mu.
Dng bnh rng di trt v chn hp c s l 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: 12
n gin v ph hp vi bng sp ren ta chn theo phng n Ha.
-
1
1
28
35
.
35
28
1

gb
i
-
2
1
28
35
.
46
18
2

gb
i
-
4
1
48
15
.
35
28
3

gb
i
-
8
1
48
15
.
45
18
4

gb
i
nng cao
tnh cng
ngh (d gia
cng) hp
chy dao, tm
cc trc
nhm gp bi
ly trng vi
tm cc trc
nhm c s,
nn khi chn
41
n1 n2 n3 n4 n2
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
8
28
35
18
45
18
45
35
28
s bnh rng v Modun cho nhm gp bi cn m bo sao cho khong cch
tm A (ph thuc vo m, z) ph hp vi nhm c s.
3.6 Tnh cc t s truyn cn li i b
T s truyn cn li bao gm cc bnh rng ph, bnh rng thay th ca hp
chy dao.
Phng trnh cn bng xch ng nh sau:
- 1 vng tc. i
b
. i
cs
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p

- V i
b
= i
tthe
.i
c nh
phng trnh xch l:
- 1 vng tc. i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p

- Trong :
- i
b
: t s truyn cn li b vo xch truyn ng.
- i
t the
: t s truyn b bnh rng thay th
- i
c nh
: t s truyn 1 b bnh rng c nh cn li nm trn xch truyn.
- i
c s
: t s truyn ca nhm c s.
- i
gb
: t s truyn ca nhm gp bi.
- t
v
: bc vt me
- t
p
: bc ren ct c.
tnh c i
b
ta cn cho my ct mt bc ren no :
VD: cho ct th ren quc t: t
p
= 5 mm.
V nhm gp bi c 4 t s truyn :
8
1
,
4
1
,
2
1
,
1
1
Qua bng xp ren Quc t ta c i
gbi
=
2
1
Da theo my mu ta chn t
v
= 12(mm); Z
0
= 28(rng) th.
- i
c s
=
36
25
;
28
40
0
4

cd
i
Z
Z
- 12
7
28
40
.
2
1
. 12
5
. .

cs gb v
b
b
i i t
t
i
42
M i
b
= i
tth
. i
c

i
tth
= i
b
/ i
c
=
50
42
25
21
25
36
.
12
7

B bnh rng thay th c dng chung ct ren Anh (bnh rng thay th
42/50 con ng 2).
VD: Cho ct th ren Anh vi n = 8 vng/pht
-
8
4 , 25 4 , 25

n
t
p
- Da vo bng xp ren ta c:
32
28
3
0

Z
Z
i
cs ; i
gb
=
2
1
; i
tth
=
50
42
-
25
36
100
42
.
32
28
.
4
1
. 12
8
4 , 25
. . .

tthe cs gb v
p
cd
i i i t
t
i
T s truyn c nh 36/25 cng c dng ct ren pit v ren Anh v ren pit
u dng chung con ng 2 khi ct ren vi b bnh rng thay th khc nhau.
Vy ta tm b bnh rng thay th khi ct ren pit v ren m uyn (hai loi ny
dng chung 1 b bnh rng thay th).
- VD: cho ct th ren Pitch D
p
= 8
- Da vo bng xp ren ta c:
-
25
36
;
1
2
;
48
28
7
0

cd gb cs
i i
Z
Z
i
-
( )
8 . 97 . 5
12 . 127
8
. 4 , 25
2
2

p
t
-
97
32
25
36
.
28
28
.
1
2
. 12
97 . 8
12
.
5
127
. . .
2
,
_

cd cs gb v
p
tthepit
i i i t
t
i
- Bng I-4 v I-5 sch TK my c:
-
97 . 5
12 . 127
;
5
127
4 , 25
- VD: Ct ren Modun m = 2
t
p
=2.
43
Da vo bnng ren Modun ta c.
97
64
; 12 ;
25
36
; 1 ;
28
32

tthe v cd gb cs
i t i i i
- Phng trnh xch: 1 vng tc. i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p

i
c
= 36
25
97
64
.
28
32
. 1 . 12
14 , 3 . 2
. . .

tt cs gb x
p
i i i t
t
Th li phng trnh xch ng:
VD1: Cn tin ren quc t t
p
= 6. Du vo bng ren quc t ta c
i
gb
=
2
1
; i
c
=
36
25
; i
tt
=
50
42
; i
cs
=
28
48
Theo phng trnh ct ren: 1 vng tc. i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p
1 vng tc.
50
42
.
36
25
.
28
48
.
2
1
. 12 = 6= t
p
(ng)
VD2: Ct ren Anh c n= 4
t
p
=
4
4 , 25 4 , 25
n
Du vo bng xp ren: i
cs
=
32
28
n
o
Z
Z
; i
gb
= 1; i
c
=
50
42
; i
tt
=
50
42
Theo phng trnh ct ren: 1 vng tc. i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p
1 vng tc.
50
42
.
25
36
.
32
28
.
2
1
. 12 = 6,35 = t
p
(ng)
- VD3: Ct ren Modun m = 2
t
p
=2.
97
64
; 12 ;
36
25
;
1
1
;
28
32

tthe v cd gb cs
i t i i i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p

1 vng tc.
97
64
.
36
25
.
28
32
.
1
1
. 12 = 2. 3,14 = 2. = t
p
(ng)
VD4 : Ct ren Pitch D
p
= 9
t
p
=
9
. 4 . 25
97
64
;
25
36
;
1
1
;
36
28
0

tt cd gb
n
cs
i i i
Z
Z
i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
. t
v
= t
p

1 vng tc.
97
64
.
25
36
.
36
28
.
1
1
. 12 = 8,86 = t
p
(ng)
44
Kt lun: Hp chy dao thit k m nhn ct ren chnh xc vi b Norton:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7
= 26 : 28 : 32 : 36 : 40 : 44 :48
Khi ct ren khuch i: Khi ct ren khuch i th xch truyn khng c g
thay i so vi cc xch trn m ch thm vo t s truyn khuch i phngn
trnh ct ren khuch i.
Khi tin trn
Z
c
= 28 ; S
dmin
= 0,07(mm/vng) ; S
nmin
= 0,035 (mm/vg)
Theo u bi lng chy dao :
S
nmin
= 2.S
dmin
= 0,07 (mm/vg)
Du vo mychun ta ly cc t s truyn nh my chun, khi ta c cc
phng trnh cn bng nh sau :
1vg/tc. i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
.
10 . 3 . .
16
14
.
60
38
.
30
60
.
28
6
.
26
37
.
37
30
.
56
28
= S
d
1vg/tc. i
tthe
.i
c nh
. i
c s
. i
gb
.
5 .
42
64
.
64
42
.
60
38
.
30
60
.
28
6
.
26
37
.
37
30
.
56
28
= S
n
Tin trn theo con ngct ren h mt, ta c th vit li phng trnh cn
bng sau:
i qua: i
tt
=
50
42
, c cu Norton ch ng
S
d
= 1vg/tc.
10 . 3 . .
66
14
.
60
44
.
28
6
. .
56
28
. .
36
.
28
25
.
50
42
b gb
n
i i
Z
= 0,0327. Z
n
. i
gb
. i
b
S
n
= 1vg/tc. 5 .
21
64
.
64
42
.
60
44
.
28
6
. .
56
28
. .
36
.
28
25
.
50
42
b gb
n
i i
Z
= 0,164. Z
n
. i
gb
. i
b
i qua i
tt
=
97
64
S
d
= 1vg/tc. 10 . 3 . .
66
14
.
60
44
.
28
6
. .
56
28
. .
36
.
28
25
.
97
64
b gb
n
i i
Z
= 0,025. Z
n
. i
gb
. i
b
S
n
= 1vg/tc. 5 .
21
64
.
64
42
.
60
44
.
28
6
. .
56
28
. .
36
.
28
25
.
97
64
b gb
n
i i
Z
= 0,0128. Z
n
. i
gb
. i
b
t c S
dmin
= 1/2S
nmin
ta chn ng truyn c i
tt
=
50
42
, s cho ta nh
hn S
dmin
, S
n min

45
i
tt
=
97
64
t c lng chy dao nh mong mun ta cho ct th
S
dmin
= 0,07(mm/vg)
S
n min
= 0,035 (mm/vg). T cc phng trnh trn ta thy khi c cu Norton ch
ng ct c S
dmin
= 1/2S
nmin
ta chn ct theo s tng nh nht trong c cu
Norton Z=28; i
gb
=
8
1
Vy ta c phng trnh:
S
dmin
= 0,0327. Z
n
. i
b
.
8
1
. 28
i
b
=
5 , 3 . 0327 , 0
07 . 0
= 0,6=
46
28
Nh vy ta c lng chy dao S
dmin
t c
S
d
= 1vg/tc.
10 . 3 . .
66
14
.
60
44
.
28
6
.
46
37
.
37
28
.
56
28
.
8
1
.
36
28
.
28
25
.
50
42
= 0,69
dmin
=
100 .
07 , 0
69 , 0 07 , 0
% = 1,4%. Nh vy sai s nh khng ng k khi ct
ren S
nmin
Ta cng dng s truyn
28
37
.
37
28
do ta c phng trnh:
S
n
= 1vg/tc.
5 .
21
64
.
26
42
.
60
44
.
28
6
.
28
37
.
37
28
.
56
28
.
8
1
.
36
28
.
28
25
.
50
42
= 0,0348
n min
=
100 .
035 , 0
0348 , 0 035 , 0
% = 0,571%. Nh vy sai s nh khng ng k
Nh vy ta dng nhm truyn bnh rng
28
37
.
37
28
tn trn vn m bo
khong cch trc. Nh vy my chun ta phi gi nguyn cont Z
Kt lun: Ton b ng tin trn s i theo ng tin ren qua cp bnh rng
28/56 vo hp xe dao. Do ng tin trn l h qu ca ng tin ren,
bc tin trn dy hn nhiu so vi bc tin trn tiu chun.
46
47

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TRNG HSP K THUT VINH N TT NGHIP

Vy mun ct c bc ren khng tiu chun 3,25mm phi ch to thm

GVHD: NGUYN TRNG PHC SV:NGUYN GIA NAM HCTMA-K2

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