Dien Bien EIA Sua

H thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi Thanh ph in Bin Phu Tinh in Bin
MC LC
Trang
MC LC..................................................................................................1
M U....................................................................................................6
1. XUT X CA D N..........................................................................................6
2.C S PHP L LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG 7
2.1. C s ti liu php l.........................................................................................7
2.2 C s ti liu k thut........................................................................................8
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM................................10
* Phng php tham vn cng ng.....................................................................10
* Phng php thng k: ......................................................................................11
* Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim
theo cc quy nh ca TCVN: ...................................................................11
4. T CHC THC HIN TM............................................................................11
4.1. C quan t vn lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.........................11
4.2. T chc thc hin............................................................................................12
CHNG I. M T TM TT D N..............................................14
1.1. TN D N........................................................................................................14
1.2. T CHC QUN L D N...........................................................................14
1.3. V TR A L ..................................................................................................14
1.4. NI DUNG CA D N...................................................................................15
1.4.1. Loi hnh h thng thot nc ....................................................................15
1.4.2. Xy dng h thng thot nc ma............................................................17
1.4.2.1. S t chc thot nc ma..............................................................17
1.4.2.2 Phn chia lu vc thot nc ma.......................................................17
1.4.2.3. Tnh ton mng li nc ma............................................................18
1.4.2.4. Khi lng cc hng mc thot nc ma...........................................19
1.4.3. Xy dng h thng thot nc thi............................................................19
1.4.3.1 S thot nc thi.............................................................................19
1.4.3.2. Lu vc thot nc thi........................................................................20
1.4.3.3. Lu lng nc thi.............................................................................20
1.4.3.4. Cc hng mc u t cho h thng thot nc thi............................23
1.4.4. Cc loi my mc thit b phc v d n....................................................30
LAVIC 2009
Bo co nh gi Tc ng Mi trng
-1-
H thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi thanh ph in Bin Phu Tnh in Bin
1.4.5 K hoch thc hin........................................................................................31

1.4.6. Tng mc u t.........................................................................................32
1.4.7. Mc tiu ca d n......................................................................................32
1.4.8. ngha ca d n........................................................................................33
CHNG II:
...................................................................................................................34
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T- X HI...34
2.1 IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG...................................................34
2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht.........................................................................34
2.1.1.1.V tr a l..............................................................................................34
2.1.1.2. c im a hnh..................................................................................34
2.1.1.3. c im ia cht cng trinh:...............................................................34
2.1.2. Kh tng .....................................................................................................34
2.1.3. a cht thy vn..........................................................................................35
2.1.4. Tai nguyn thin nhin.................................................................................36
2.1.4.1. Tai nguyn nc:...................................................................................36
2.1.4.2. Tai nguyn rng va t rng:................................................................36
2.1.4.3. Tai nguyn khoang san:.........................................................................36
2.1.5. Tai nguyn du lich.........................................................................................37
2.1.5.1. Tai nguyn du lich lich s:....................................................................37
2.1.5.2. Tai nguyn du lich sinh thai t nhin:..................................................37
2.1.5.3. Tai nguyn du lich vn hoa:..................................................................37
2.2. C IM XA HI .........................................................................................37
2.2.1. Tinh hinh phat trin kinh t.........................................................................37
2.2.1.1. Thng mai dich vu - du lich:............................................................38
2.2.1.2. Cng nghip tiu thu cng nghip va xy dng:...............................38
2.2.1.3. Phat trin Nng Lm nghip..............................................................38
2.2.1.4. Giao thng vn tai..................................................................................39
2.2.2 Tinh hinh phat trin xa hi...........................................................................40
2.2.2.1. Dn s....................................................................................................40
2.2.2.2. Cac vn ngheo oi va thu nhp........................................................40
2.2.2.3. Y t..........................................................................................................40
LAVIC - 2009
Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng
- 2-
2.2.2.4. Giao duc.................................................................................................41

2.2.2.5 An ninh trt t........................................................................................41
2.3. HIN TRANG H THNG CP NC.........................................................42
2.4. HIN TRANG H THNG THOAT NC...................................................43
2.4.1. Hin trang h thng thoat nc ma:.........................................................43
2.4.2. Hin trang h thng thoat nc thai:..........................................................44
2.5. HIN TRANG RAC THAI VA V SINH MI TRNG:............................44
2.6. KT QU PHN TCH CHT LNG MI TRNG.............................45
2.6.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n................................46
2.6.2. Hin trng mi trng nc mt...............................................................49
2.6.3 Hin trng mi trng nc ngm..............................................................53
2.6.4 Hin trng mi trng nc thi.................................................................55
2.6.5. Hin trng phn tch thnh phn bn t:................................................56
KT LUN CHUNG.............................................................................................59
CHNG III
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG.............................................61
3.1. NGUN, I TNG, QUY M GY TC NG....................................61
3.1.1. Ngun gy tac ng.....................................................................................61
3.1.1.1. Ngun gy tac ng trong qua trinh giai phong mt bng va thi cng
xy dng .............................................................................................................61
3.1.1.2. Ngun gy tac ng trong qua trinh vn hanh h thng thoat nc...61
3.1.2. i tng gy tc ng................................................................................62
3.1.3. Quy m b tc ng ca d n:....................................................................64
3.2. NH GI TC NG CNG NGH LA CHN ...................................64
3.2.1. H thng thot nc ma v nc thi..................................................64
3.2.2. Trm bm nc thi.................................................................................65
3.2.3. Trm x l nc thi................................................................................65
3.3. NH GI TC NG N CC THNH PHN MI TRNG .....68
3.3.1. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh........................................................75
3.3.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc................................................................84
3.3.3. Tc ng n mi trng t...................................................................88
3.3.4. Tc ng ca cht thi rn- CTR.............................................................90
3.3.5. Tc ng n h sinh thi, cnh quan.....................................................92
3.3.6. Tc ng n i sng kinh t- x hi.....................................................95
LAVIC - 2009
- 3-
3.4. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT , TIN CY CA CC NH

GI...............................................................................................................98
CHNG IV
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V
NG PH S C MI TRNG.....................................................101
4.1. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU GIAI ON GII PHNG MT BNG
...................................................................................................................................101
4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG QU TRNH THI CNG CC
HNG MC CNG TRNH..................................................................................103
4.2.1. Cac bin phap chung .................................................................................103
4.2.1. Cac bin phap giam thiu nhim khng khi va ting n .....................105
4.2.1.1. Cac bin phap ngn nga va gim thiu nhim bui........................105
4.2.1.2. Kim soat va bin phap giam thiu nhim khi sinh ra trong thi cng:
............................................................................................................................106
4.2.1.3. Kim soat va cac bin phap giam thiu nhim ting n va rung sinh
ra trong thi cng: ..............................................................................................107
4.2.3. Cac bin phap gim thiu nhim nc ..................................................107
4.2.4. Cac bin phap gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng t ..................108
4.2.5. Cac bin phap gim thiu nhim cht thai rn ...................................109
4.2.6. Gim thiu cc tc ng n cnh quan ..................................................109
4.2.7. Gim thiu tc ng n giao thng v ngp lt trong qu trnh thi cng
....................................................................................................................109
4.2.8. Gim thiu tc ng n sc kho v i sng kinh t- x hi ............111
4.3. BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM TRONG GIAI ON VN HNH
...................................................................................................................................112
4.3.1. Gim thiu nhim mi trng t h thng thu gom ...........................112
4.3.2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng t khu vc tram x ly nc thai ........113
4.3.2.1. Giam thiu nhim mi trng trong trng hp h thng thoat nc
gp s c ky thut..............................................................................................113
4.3.2.2. Giam thiu nhim mi trng khng khi........................................114
4.3.2.3. Giam thiu nhim mi trng nc.................................................117
4.3.2.4. Cac bin phap giam thiu nhim mi trng t.............................118
4.3.2.4. Cac bin phap giam thiu nhim do bun va cht thai rn..............118
4.3.4. Gim cc tc ng n h sinh thi v kinh t x hi..............................118
4.4. BIN PHP PHNG CHNG CHAY N, PHONG CHNG THIN TAI
...................................................................................................................................119
LAVIC - 2009
- 4-
4.4.1. Bin phap phong chng chay n................................................................119

4.4.2. Bin phap phong chng thin tai...............................................................119
4.5. V SINH, AN TON LAO NG..................................................................120
4.6. BIN PHP TUYN TRUYN GIO DC................................................120
CHNG V
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG......123
5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG.............................................123
5.1.1. Giai oan chun bi......................................................................................123
6.1.2. Giai oan xy dng....................................................................................123
5.1.3. Giai oan vn hanh....................................................................................124
5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG (GSMT)...........................126
5.3. CC CHI TIU GIM ST MI TRNG CU TH ...............................127
5.3.1. Giam sat cht lng khng khi ( CLKK) va ting n ............................127
5.3.2. Giam sat cht lng nc ........................................................................129
5.3.3. Giam sat cht lng rac thai va bun phat sinh .......................................130
CHNG VI
THAM VN KIN CNG NG..................................................133
6.1. TNH CN THIT CA VIC THAM VN CNG NG......................133
6.2. MC TIU CA THAM VN CNG NG .............................................133
6.3. NI DUNG C TH CA THAM VN KIN CNG NG...............135
6.4. PHNG THC V PHNG PHP THAM VN CNG NG.......135
6.5. T CHC THC HIN THAM VN CNG NG.................................137
6.6. KT QU THAM VN CNG NG..........................................................137
6.6.1. Tng hp cac y kin tham vn cng ng.................................................137
6.6.1.1. S cn thit cua d an: .......................................................................137
6.6.1.2. V cac bin phap bao v mi trng cua d an : ...............................138
6.6.1.3. Tom tt kt qua cac cuc hop va phong vn : ...................................138
6.6.2. Kt lun.......................................................................................................138
KT LUN V KIN NGH...............................................................140

I. KT LUN...........................................................................................................141
II. KIN NGH........................................................................................................143
PH LC...............................................................................................144
LAVIC - 2009
- 5-
M U
1. XUT X CA D N
in Bin l mt tnh min ni bin gii nm pha Ty Bc Vit Nam. Tnh mi
c chia tch ngy 01/01/2004 theo Ngh quyt s 22 k hp th IV Quc hi kha
XI. Vi din tch t nhin l: 9.554,107 km2, c ta a l 20 o54 22o33 v
Bc v 102o10 103o36 kinh ng.
in Bin Ph l thnh ph tnh l tnh in Bin Ty Bc Vit Nam. Thnh ph
nm trong khu thung lng Mng Thanh vi chiu di khong 20 km v chiu rng 6
km. Chnh v iu ny m c khi n cn c gi l "lng cho in Bin". in Bin
Ph c xem l mt thnh ph nm bin gii v ch cch bin gii vi Lo khong
35 km. in Bin Ph cch H Ni 474 km theo quc l 6 v 279. Thnh ph in
Bin Ph pha ng nam gip huyn in Bin ng, cc pha cn li gip huyn
in Bin.
Thnh ph in Bin Ph c sng Nm Rm chy qua, Thnh ph cn l u mi
giao thng quan trng ca 2 tuyn quc l :
Quc l 279 ni Thnh ph in Bin vi th trn Tun Gio pha ng v ni vi
nc Lo pha Ty qua Ca khu Ty Trang.
Quc l 12 ni Thnh ph in Bin Ph vi th x Lai Chu ng cp 4 min ni.
Thnh ph in Bin Ph l thnh ph thuc khu vc min ni pha Bc, l trung tm
hnh chnh kinh t ca tnh in Bin. Hin thnh ph ang l th loi III ang
phn u l th loi II trong tng lai.
Theo iu chnh quy hoch chung ca Thnh ph cn p ng cc yu cu pht
trin l th loi II trong tng lai iu hon ton ph hp vi xu hng pht
trin chung ca c nc v chin lc pht trin kinh t chung ca tnh in Bin
Tuy nhin cc cng trnh v thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi hin cha c
u t xy dng gy nh hng n mi trng v cuc sng ca ngi dn trong khu
vc d n.
H thng thot nc chung hin nay c xy dng t nhng
nm 1997 v 2000, khng c no vt thng xuyn nn h thng thot nc
hin khng p ng c kh nng tiu thot nc. Vo ma ma xut hin tnh trng
ngp ng, mt v sinh xy ra trn a bn thnh ph. H thng thot nc chung, nc
ma v nc thi thot chung vo cng mt mng li cng, x trc tip xung sng
Nm Rm. Do khng c h thng tch nc thi, thu gom nc thi x l, kh
trung gy nhim mi trng nghim trong ng thi nc sng Nm Rm b
nhim, gy mi hi thi, kh chu cho khu vc xung quanh c bit l khi khng c
ma hoc khi khng c thau ra t nc ca cc sng nhnh vo.
nhim mi trng do nc thi ti thnh ph in Bin Ph a v ang tr
thnh mt vn nghim trng, nh hng ln n mi trng sng, mi trng t
nhin v nh hng khng nh ti v p cnh quan ca thnh ph vn c coi l
trong lnh, c bit l trong bi cnh hin nay, khi m vn mi trng ang l mi
LAVIC - 2009
- 6-
quan tm ca ton nhn loi.

Trong tng lai thanh ph in Bin Phu c cng nhn la thi loai II,
tng xng vi vi tri chin lc cua minh, thanh ph cn c xy dng h thng thu
gom va x ly nc thai, cai tao, nao vet va ke mi mt s mng thoat nc chinh cua
thanh ph.
Vi cac ly do trn, D an u t xy dng h thng thoat nc, thu gom va x
ly nc thai thanh ph in Bin Phu se ap ng nhu cu va s mong moi cua nhn
dn ia phng cung tt cac cac nghanh cac cp, cac nganh, nhm cai thin cac iu
kin v sinh mi trng, am bao cho s phat trin bn vng cua Thanh ph in
Bin Phu noi ring, va khu vc Ty Bc noi chung.
2.C S PHP L LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
2.1. C s ti liu php l
- Lut bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH 11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc hi,
nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam.
- Ngh nh s 80 /2006/N- CP ngy 09/06/2006 ca Chnh Ph v vic quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh chi tit mt s iu ca lut Bo v mi trng.
- Ngh nh s: 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 v sa i, b sung mt s
iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng.
- Thng t 05/TT/BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn Mi trng v
hng dn chi tit h thng mt s ni dung v nh gi tc ng mi trng chin
lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) v cam kt bo v mi trng ;
- Ch th s 487/TTg ngy 30/6/1996 ca Th tng Chnh Ph: Tng cng
qun l Nh nc i vi ngun nc.
- Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh Ph v qun l cht
lng cng trnh xy dng
- Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP ngy 07 thng 02 nm 2005 ca Chnh Ph v
qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Ngh nh s 112/2006/N-CP ngy 29 thng 09 nm 2006 ca Chnh Ph v
sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 16/2005/N-CP v qun l d n u t
xy dng cng trnh.
- Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28 thng 05 nm 2007 v thot nc th
v khu cng nghip.
- Quyt nh s 13/2007/Q-BXD ngy 18/12/2006 ca B Ti Nguyn Mi
trng v vic bt buc p dng tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi trng.
LAVIC - 2009
- 7-
- Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph: Sa i b sung mt s iu ca

Ngh nh s 67/2003/CP ngy 03/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v ph Bo v Mi trng
i vi nc thi.
- Quyt nh s 1751/2005/BXD- VP ngy 14/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic
ban hnh nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Lut xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26 thng 11 nm 2003 ca Quc hi
nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam.
- Lut Tai nguyn nc c Quc hi nc CHXHCNVN thng qua ngay
20/5/1998 va Chu tich nc ky sc lnh cng b vao ngay 1/6/1998.
- Quyt inh s 18/2007/QDD-UBND ngay 2 thang 10 nm 2007 cua UBND
tinh in Bin v vic Ban hanh quy ch bao v mi trng trn ia ban tinh in
Bin.
- Quyt inh s 19/2007/QDD-UBND ngay 2 thang 10 nm 2007 cua UBND
tinh in Bin v vic Ban hanh Quy ch quan ly s dung tai nguyn nc trn ia
ban tinh in Bin.
- Nghi inh s 148/NDD-CP ngay 27 thang 7 nm 2007 cua Chinh phu v vic
cp phep thm do khai thac, s dung tai nguyn nc va xa nc vao ngun nc.
- Lut t ai nm 2003 co hiu lc thi hanh t ngay 01/7/2004.
- Nghi inh chinh phu s 197/2004/NDD-CP ngay 03/12/2004 v vic Bi
thng, h tr va tai inh c khi nha nc thu hi t.
2.2 C s ti liu k thut
- Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam tp 1, 2, 3 ban hnh theo quyt nh s
682/BXD- CSXD ngy 14/12/1996 ca B trng B xy dng;
- Quy chun Vit Nam QCVN08:2008/BTNMTv cht lng nc,cht lng
nc mt;
- Tiu chun ngnh 20 TCN-51-84: Tiu chun thot nc mng li bn ngoi
cng trnh;
- Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6772- 2000: Cht lng nc- Nc thi sinh
hot- gii hn nhim cho php;
- Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 7222: 2002: Yu cu chung v mi trng i vi
cc trm x l nc thi sinh hot tp trung;
- Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5945- 2005: Nc thi cng nghip v tiu chun
thi;
- Cn c thng bao s 869/TTg-QHQT ngay 02/7/2007 cua TT Chinh Phu v
vic ph duyt danh muc d an s dung vn vay u ai cua Phn Lan.
LAVIC - 2009
- 8-
- Bo co kinh t x hi ca UBND thanh ph in Bin Phu va cac tai liu v

dn s, tnh trng y t, sc kho trong khu vc d n;
- Cc ti liu v iu kin t nhin thanh ph in Bin Phu va khu vc nghin
cu .
- Cac vn ban, tai liu, s liu iu tra hin trang mi nht v: Cp nc, bu
in, in lc va cac vn lin quan do ia phng cung cp.
LAVIC - 2009
- 9-
Bng i. Danh mc cc d n phi lp bo co TM hoc

Bn cam kt bo v mi trng.
STT
Loi d n
Quy m
iu kin bt buc
1.
D n khai thc Cng sut khai thc t 10.000

Lp TM
nc di t
m3 nc/ngy m tr ln
Cng sut khai thc di 10.000 Lp bn cam kt Bo
m3 nc/ngy
v mi trng.
2.
D n khai thc Cng sut khai thc t 50.000 m3

Lp TM
nc mt
nc/ngy m tr ln.
Cng sut khai thc di 50.000 Lp bn cam kt Bo
m3 /ng
v mi trng.
3.
D n xy dng Cng sut thit k 1.000 m3

h thng x l nc/ngy m tr ln
Lp TM.
nc thi sinh
hot tp trung.
Cng sut thit k nh 1.000 m3 Lp bn cam kt Bo
nc/ngy m.
v mi trng.
Cn c Lut bo v mi trng v Thng t 05/TT/BTNMT v vic quy nh chi

tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu lut ca Lut Bo v mi trng v nh gi
tc ng mi trng th d n Xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l
nc thi Thanh ph in Bin Phu Tinh in Bin phi lp bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng (TM) nh gi mt cch tng qut nhng tc ng ca d n ti
mi trng t nhin v i sng x hi ca nhn dn Thanh ph, t c nhng bin
php gim thiu trong tng giai on khi d n c thc thi.
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM
* Phng php tham vn cng ng
Ph bin thng tin:
- Hot ng tham vn cng ng nhm ph bin cc thng tin c
lin quan n d n cho cng ng khu vc thc hin d n. c bit l
nhng ngi b nh hng trc tip bi vic xy dng v trong qu trnh
vn hnh d n sau ny.
Thu thp kin ca cng ng:
- V mc quan tm v s ng h ca cng ng i vi vic
thc hin d n cng nh cc phng n k thut c s dng.
- Lng nghe kin ca ngi dn v nhng tc ng gy ra do d
n: Tc ng n mi trng, kinh t v nhng thi quen sinh hot trong
cuc sng.
LAVIC - 2009
Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -
10-
- Ghi nhn nhng xut t pha cng ng v lnh o a

phng trong vic gii quyt cc vn v mi trng v li ch cho nhn
dn khu vc thc hin d n v nhng ngi b nh hng trc tip.
* Phng php thng k:
- Nhm thu thp ti liu, thng tin k thut v x l s liu v hin
trng khu vc trin khai d n.
- Thu thp ti liu, thng tin v x l s liu c v iu kin t
nhin (kh hu, a cht, thu vn), kinh t x hi khu vc thc hin d n.
* Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th
nghim theo cc quy nh ca TCVN:
- Kho st cht lng nc, thnh phn nc ca khu vc thc
hin d n v mi trng xung quanh;
- Kho st cht lng khng kh ti khu vc thc hin d n v mi
trng xung quanh; Kho st mc n, rung ti khu vc thc hin d n
v mi trng xung quanh.
- Kho st mi trng t ti khu vc thc hin d n;
- Kho st hin trng h sinh thi khu vc thc hin d n v mi
trng xung quanh.
* Phng php iu tra kinh t - x hi
- c s dng trong qu trnh phng vn cc cp Chnh quyn,
cc lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti ni thc hin d n.
* Phng php so snh
- Dng nh gi cc tc ng trn c s cc tiu chun mi
trng Vit Nam (TCVN).
4. T CHC THC HIN TM
4.1. C quan t vn lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
Cng ty C phn u t, Cng ngh Mi trng va Ha tng Ky thut Lac Vit
( LAVIC):
Ngi i din:
ng Nguyn Phan Anh
Chc v:
Gim c
a ch:
S 9 ng Thanh, Qun Hoan Kim, HN
in thoi:
(043) 8288952
Email:
LAVIC@vnn.vn
LAVIC - 2009
11-
4.2. T chc thc hin

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) cho d n u t Xy dng h
thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi thanh ph in Bin Phu, Tnh in
Bin, c thc hin vi s ch tr ca cc cn b Cng ty C phn u t, Cng
ngh Mi trng va Ha tng ky thut Lac Vit ( LAVIC). Trong qu trnh lp Bo co,
c s phi hp ca cc cn b thuc trung tm cng ngh x ly mi trng B Quc
phong. Ni dung ch yu nh sau:
1- Kho st, o c, nh gi cht lng hin trng mi trng khu vc thc hin d
n. y l s liu nn so snh, nh gi tc ng ca d n n mi trng trong cc
qu trnh: chun b thi cng, qu trnh thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n cng
nh trong qu trnh vn hnh d n sau ny.
2- Phn tch, nh gi tc ng mi trng ca D n, d bo nhng tc ng c li
v c hi, trc tip v gin tip, trc mt v lu di do hot ng ca D n i vi mi
trng vt l (khng kh, nc, t, ting n), i vi ti nguyn thin nhin (ti nguyn
nc - ngun nc, ti nguyn t, ti nguyn sinh vt - ng vt v thc vt), i vi mi
trng kinh t - x hi (sc kho cng ng hot ng kinh t, sinh hot...)
3- Nghin cu, xut cc bin php k thut hn ch mc thp nht nhng
nh hng bt li v tm ra phng n ti u, va hn ch tc ng c hi, va pht
huy cao nht cc li ch ca D n khi i vo hot ng.
4- Xy dng chng trnh kim sot v Quan trc cht lng mi trng trong
qu trnh vn hnh D n.
Bng ii. Danh sch cn b trc tip tham gia lp Bo co
TM
STT H v tn
I
Phn cng vic
Ni cng tc
CNG TY C PHN U T, CNG NGH MI TRNG VA HA TNG

KY THUT LAC VIT (LAVIC)
Ths. Nguyn Phan Anh
Giam c d an
LAVIC
Ks. Phan Hoanh Sn
Chu nhim cng trinh
LAVIC
Ths. Thi Kim Xun
Chu tri thc hin Tng hp LAVIC

bao cao cui cung.
Ks. Nguyn Cng Minh
Chuyn gia mi trng nc LAVIC

anh gia cht lng mi
trng nc
Ks. L Anh Tun
Chuyn gia mi trng khng LAVIC

khi anh gia cht lng mi
trng khng khi
LAVIC - 2009
12-
Ks. oan Manh Hung
Chuyn gia phn tich cng LAVIC

ngh cp nc anh gia
cng ngh cp nc
Ks. ao Nh Y
Chuyn gia cht thai rn LAVIC

anh gia hin trang cht thai
rn
Ks. ao Trang Nhung
Ky s cp thoat nc anh LAVIC

gia hin trang h thng cp
thoat nc
Cn. Nguyn Tin Dung
C nhn mi trng Tng LAVIC

hp iu kin t nhin kinh
t xa hi
10
Ths. L Vit Thanh
Chuyn gia phn tich cng LAVIC

ngh thoat nc Phn tich,
anh gia cng ngh x ly nc
11
Ks. Vu Vn Nam
Ky s cp thoat nc Tham LAVIC

vn cng ng
12
Ks. Ha Ngoc Minh
Ky s cp thoat nc Tham LAVIC

vn cng ng
13
Ks. Vu Trng Sn
Ky s cp thoat nc D LAVIC
toan kinh phi mi trng
II
TRUNG TM CNG NGH X LY MI TRNG B QUC PHONG
Ks. Nguyn c Toan
Kim inh vin Ly mu, Trung tm cng ngh x

phn tich cht lng khng khi ly Mi trng 282 Lac
Long Qun Ha Ni
Ks. Nguyn Vn Ha
Kim inh vin - Ly mu, Trung tm cng ngh x

phn tich cht lng khng khi ly Mi trng 282 Lac
Long Qun Ha Ni
Ks. Nguyn Thi Phng
Can b phong thi nghim
Trung tm cng ngh x

ly Mi trng 282 Lac
Long Qun Ha Ni
Nguyn Thi Nu
Can b phong thi nghim
Trung tm cng ngh x

ly Mi trng 282 Lac
Long Qun Ha Ni
LAVIC - 2009
13-
CHNG I. M T TM TT D N
1.1. TN D N
D n u t Xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom va x l nc thi
Thanh ph in Bin Phu Tinh in Bin.
1.2. T CHC QUN L D N
- C quan Ch qun: U Ban Nhn Dn (UBND) Tnh in Bin
- Ch u t: BQL D an Chuyn nghanh xy dng tinh in Bin.
- i din ch u t: ng Nguyn c Trung - Gim c Ban qun l D n
+ a ch lin lc: Phng Him Lam Thanh ph in Bin Phu Tinh in
Bin
+ in thoi: 0913.253223
Fax: 0230.810584
1.3. V TR A L
in Bin Ph c xem l mt thnh ph nm bin gii v ch cch bin gii vi
Lo khong 35 km. in Bin Ph cch H Ni 474 km theo quc l 6 v 279. Thnh
ph in Bin Ph pha ng nam gip huyn in Bin ng, cc pha cn li gip
huyn in Bin.
Thnh ph in Bin Ph c sng Nm Rm chy qua. in Bin l u mi giao
thng quan trng ca 2 tuyn quc l:
Quc l 279 ni thnh ph in Bin vi th trn Tun Gio pha ng v ni vi
nc Lo pha Ty qua Ca khu Ty Trang.
Quc l 12 ni Thnh ph in Bin Ph vi th x Lai Chu ng cp 4 min ni.
Phm vi nghin cu c gii hn nh sau:
Bao cao anh gia tac ng mi trng c nghin cu cho Thanh ph in
Bin Phu cu th theo pham vi thit k hp phn thoat nc thai c gii han trong 6
phng ni thanh cua thanh ph va mt s vung ln cn:
Phng Tn Thanh, Mng Thanh khu trung tm thnh ph, phng Him
Lam, phng Nam Thanh, Noong Bua, Thanh Bnh.
Phm vi nghin cu theo ni dung ca d n s bao gm:
-
Thu gom, vn chuyn lu lng nc thi sinh hot: Xy dng mi cac tuyn
cng thu gom nc thai bng HDPE kich thc t DN200-DN500 doc theo cac
tuyn ng trong thanh ph in Bin Phu.
LAVIC - 2009
14-
K mt s knh mng chnh bao gm: Knh 1 knh chay qua khu trung tm
phng Nam Thanh qua cu Ban Ten ra ca xa s 12, tuyn knh t bnh vin
a khoa n Cu Trng ra ca xa s 9, tuyn knh chay doc phng Thanh
Binh ra ca xa s 13 v cai tao, no vt ton b h thng thot nc ma hin
c bao gm cac tuyn ng Trng Chinh, ng 279, tuyn ng sn vn
ng, tuyn ng Cu Trng.
Tram x l nc thi sinh hot c t tai vi tri ngoai thanh thuc xa Ban Ten
B, di chn cu C4.
1.4. NI DUNG CA D N
1.4.1. Loi hnh h thng thot nc
Cac phng an thoat nc:
Phng an 1: H thng thoat nc ring.
- H thng thoat nc ma va nc thai hoan toan tach ri nhau.
- H thng thoat nc thai: nc thai sinh hoat, nc thai san xut cung chay vao
mt h thng cng sau o c lam sach tram x ly.
- H thng thoat nc ma: nc ma c thu vao h thng cng ring, thng
vao sng sui khng cn x ly.
- u im: am bao v sinh tt nht trong 3 phng an vi toan b nc thai c
lam sach cac tram x ly trc khi xa ra ngun nc.
- Nhc im:
+ Mua kh mang li cng thoat nc ma khng hoat ng nn lang phi.
+ Lu lng nc bn nho ( khoang 0,5 l/s,ha), ng kinh cng nho, dc
t cng ln, su t cng ln, phai co nhiu tram bm chuyn tip.
+ Khng thu c nc ma t u ( 5 10 phut u cua trn ma) x ly.
+ Quan ly phc tap va chi phi cao.
Phng an 2:
- Toan b nc thai sinh hoat, san xut va nc ma chay vao chung mt h
thng cng.
- u im:
+ Ca mua kh va mua ma h thng u c khai thac.
+ Kinh phi nho nht trong 3 phng an. Do lng nc ma rt ln so vi
nc thai nn h thng cng chi cn xy dng nh h thng thoat nc ma nh
phng an thoat nc ring la u. Lu lng nc thoat ln nn ng kinh cng
ln, dc nho, su t cng giam, tuyn cng ngn.
+ Quan ly n gian
LAVIC - 2009
15-
- Nhc im:
+ Mua ma nu thu gom v x ly thi lu lng tram x ly rt ln khng th x
ly c.
+ Mua kh nc thai khng c x ly se xa trc tip ra ngun tip nhn la cac
h, sng sui gy nhim mi trng.
+ Ch lam vic cua cng khng n inh, v mua kh do lu lng nc thai
nho, vn tc nc nho d gy lng cn, tc nghen cng. Cn phai thng xuyn
nao vet.
Phng an 3:
- Toan b nc thai sinh hoat, san xut va nc ma u chay vao chung mt h
thng cng nh phng an 2 nhng tai cac im xa trc khi chay ra h, sng
nc thai c h thng cng bao, ging tach dn v tram x ly con nc co ln
nc thai a c pha loang se chay vao sng sui. i vi cac khu dn c mi,
cac khu co vi tri t ng d dang thi xy dng mang li ng thoat nc thai ring
thu gom v tram x ly.
- u im:
+ V mt v sinh la tng i tt vi toan b n thai bn c lam sach ( mua
kh va khi ma nho) hoc c pha loang vi nc ma ( khi ma ln) trc khi
ra sng, sui.
+ Thu c nc ma t u (5 10 phut u cua trn ma )
+ Tn dung c h thng cng chung hin co
+ Giam chi phi xy dng ban u.
+ Giam chi phi n bu giai toa.
- Nhc im:
+ Cc tuyn cng bao nc bn t cc ging tch n trm x l phi t kh
su, do cui cc tuyn cng chnh nn cng cn trm bm chuyn tip.
+ Cc ca x phi xy dng cc ca chn ng m t ng khng cho nc
chy vo cng thot trong ma kh, khi khng c ma.
+ Qun l h thng cn c chuyn mn.
* La chn h thng thot nc.
Da trn c s phn tch cc u nhc im ca tng phng n d kin s p
dng cho vic xy dng h thng thot nc thnh ph in Bin Ph. c bit l tnh
hnh hin trng h thng thot nc v thi quen vn hnh h thng ca cng ty qun
l a phng. T vn ngh chn phng n 3 h thng thot nc na ring xy
dng HTTN cho th x. Ni dung ca phng n 3 nh sau:
Khu vc ni th- khu t khch sn Mng Thanh n ch trung tm, khu ng
Trng Chinh, sn vn ng hin nay c h thng thot nc chung do , ci to
LAVIC - 2009
16-
no vt cc tuyn cng hin c v xy dng cc ging tch nc ti cc im x tp

trung nc thi bn vo h thng cng bao v dn nc v trm x l nc thi. Cn
cc khu vc khc th xy dng h thng cng thu gom nc thi ring.
1.4.2. Xy dng h thng thot nc ma
1.4.2.1. S t chc thot nc ma
H thng cng thot nc c phn thnh 3 cp, trong mng li ng cng
c phn thnh 2 cp. Vic phn cp cc tuyn cng khng ch ph thuc vo kch
thc cng m cn ph thuc vo v tr v chc nng ca n trong mng h thng
thot nc. nh ngha v cc cp ca h thng cp nc th hin trn bng v hnh v
di y.
H ga thu
nc M
S phn cp h thng cng (xem hnh v)

H ga thu
Cng tiu
nc M
khu
Cng tiu
khu
H ga thu
nc M
Cng tiu
khu
H ga thu
nc M
Cng tiu
khu
Sng, knh thot nc chnh

Cng cp III: Cng thot nc tiu khu, cng ng, cng trn ph
Cng cp II: Cng trc thot nc chnh ca th
Bng 2: Bng phn cp h thng cng thot nc

Phn loi
Cp 1
Cp 2
Cp 3
nh ngha
Sng, mng, knh thot nc chnh t nhin
Tuyn cng trc chnh vn chuyn nc ma/nc thi ti trm x l
hoc x vo mng (mng v cng thot nc ma D>500, cng nc
thi ti trm x l)
Tuyn cng v mng tiu khu tip nhn nc ma v nc thi (Cng
thot nc D500)
1.4.2.2 Phn chia lu vc thot nc ma

in Bin l mt tnh min ni pha Bc c bao bc bi cc dy ni v cc con
sng. Cc dy ni cao pha ng v cc con sng sui pha ty nam. Hng chy
t ng Bc sang Ty Nam, thnh ph in Bin Ph chia thnh 07 lu vc thot
nc nh sau:
Lu vc 1:
Phm vi phc v: khu dn c mi trong phng Him Lam.
LAVIC - 2009
17-
y l khu vc c dn c tha tht, v vy lu lng nc thi l rt t. V vy tiu

thot nc y ch yu l nc ma.
Lu vc 2:
Phm vi phc v: phng TnThanh.
Hng thot nc chnh: nc ma ra sng Nm Rm thng qua ca x s 3
Lu vc 3 ,4,5:
Phm vi phc v: phng Mng Thanh. y l khu vc c a hnh tng i phc
tp chnh v vy vic tiu thot nc y l tng i kh khn.
Mt khc y l khu vc c dn c tp trung ng c, y l khu vc tp trung rt
ln lng nc thi ca thnh ph in Bin Phu.
Lu vc 6:
Phm vi phc v: phng Tn Thanh, Nam Thanh v trm x l.
y khu vc c cc tuyn cng hin trng tng i y vi rt nhiu ca x,
chnh v vy vic tiu thot nc tng i tt
Lu vc 7:
Phm vi phc v: khu vc gn sn bay thuc phng Thanh Bnh.
y l khu vc mi c xy dng nn c h thng thot nc ma tng i tt.
Tuy nhin do cha c h thng thot nc thi sinh hot gy nhim nghim trng.
Khu vc ny nht thit phi xy dng h thng cng thu gom nc bn. Khu vc
phng Thanh Trng hin ang thot nc t do ra knh hin c.
1.4.2.3. Tnh ton mng li nc ma
Tnh ton lu lng thot nc ma da trn cng thc:
Q = q T (l/s)
Trong :
Q: Lu lng nc ma tnh ton (l/s)
q: Cng ma tnh ton (l/s)
: H s mt ph
T: Thi gian nc ma chy t tiu khu n im tip theo trong cng (h)
Cng ma q c tnh ton da trn cc thng s kh hu ti trm quan trc
in Bin Ph, c th nh sau:
q=((20+b)^n*q20*(1+C*lgP))/(t+b)^n
(Cng thc ca Trn Vit Lin)
Trong :
b: Tham s hiu chnh, b=11.64
n: Ch s gim dn cng theo thi gian t, n=0,7446
t: Thi gian ma
C: H s c tnh n c tnh ring ca tng vng, C=0,2186
q20: Cng ma ng vi trn ma c thi gian ma 20 pht, q20= 225.4
LAVIC - 2009
18-
P: Tn xut ma, chu k lp li mt trn ma (chu k trn cng). Vi cc c

th ca mt th loi III nh thanh ph in Bin Ph v cc iu kin v kinh t,
chn P=2 nm cho tnh ton cc cng thot nc cp 2, cp 3. Chn P=5 nm cho tnh
ton cc knh, mng thot nc cp 1.
Tnh ton thu lc mng li tuyn cng thot nc ma (cng thc Manning):
Q =AxV (m 3 /s)
V=
Trong :
1
R
n
2/3
x S1/2 (m/s)
Q - lu lng tnh ton (m3/s)

A - din tch mt ct ngang dng chy (m2)
V - tc trung bnh dng chy (m/s)
n - h s nhm ph thuc tnh cht b mt lng dn
R - Bn knh thu lc (m)
S - dc thu lc/ dc ng nng (m/m)
1.4.2.4. Khi lng cc hng mc thot nc ma

Kch thc ng cng BTCT (mm)
D800
Khi lng thi cng (m)
D1000
D1700
4071
444
1314
1.4.3. Xy dng h thng thot nc thi

1.4.3.1 S thot nc thi
Nc thi sinh
hot, dch v,
cng cng
Cng thot nc chung
Ging tch
nc thi
Nc thi sinh
hot, dch v,
cng cng
H ga thu
gom nc
thi
Cng thot nc thi tiu khu

Cng thot nc thi ng ph
Cng chnh thu gom nc thi
Trm
bm tng
nc thi
Cng thot nc chung

Trm x l
nc thi
LAVIC - 2009
ra ngun tip nhn
19-
1.4.3.2. Lu vc thot nc thi

Trong giai on nghin cu ca d n n 2015, h thng thot nc c la
chn l h thng thot nc na ring. V h thng thot nc thi l h thng t chy,
do nghin cu lu vc thot nc l mt trong cc yu t rt quan trng. V c
bn, lu vc thot nc thi ging nh lu vc thot nc ma vi cc yu t ng
phn thu, tu thu ging nhau, thun tin cho cng tc vch tuyn c th li dng a
hnh nhm gim su chn cng ti a nht.
Phn chia lu vc:
Lu vc 1:
c gii han bi chu yu la phng Him Lam n u ng Trng Chinh
Lu vc 2:
c gii han bi khu dn c phng Him Lam va khu dn c u Knh Ta.
y la khu vc co dn c tha tht, ia hinh lu vc phc tap nn se thu gom trong
giai oan sau.
Lu vc 3:
c gii han bi chu yu la phng Tn Thanh
Lu vc 4,5,6:
c gii han chu yu la phng Mng Thanh va Nam Thanh.
y l khu vc c a hnh tng i phc tp tr khu vc phng Nam Thanh chnh
v vy vic tiu thot nc y l tng i kh khn.
Mt khc y l khu vc c dn c tp trung ng c, y l khu vc tp trung rt
ln lng nc thi ca thnh ph in Bin Phu. Trong lu vc nay co ca khu dn c
mi Noong Bua c inh c t cng trinh thuy in Sn La v se c u ni giai
oan sau.
Lu vc 7:
c gii han chu yu la phng Thanh Bnh, phn khu vc phng Thanh Trng se
c u ni trong giai oan II.
1.4.3.3. Lu lng nc thi
Trong giai on 1 n nm 2015, d n s nghin cu trn phm vi khu vc ni
th gm cc phng: Tn Thanh, Mng Thanh, Nam Thanh, Noong Bua, Thanh
Bnh. Dn s phc v trong giai on 1 l 57.474 ngi (Ngun: iu chnh quy
hoch chung thnh ph in Bin Ph n 2020). y l c s cho vic tnh ton lu
lng nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph giai on 1 (n 2015).
- Tiu chun thot nc thi sinh hot: 108 l/ng.ng.
- Lng nc thi t cc hot ng thng mi, tiu th cng nghip ly bng
20% lng nc thi sinh hot.

- Lng nc thi t cc cng trnh cng cng, dch v ly bng 16% lng
nc thi sinh hot.

- H s khng iu ho ngy max: Kng-max = 1.3
LAVIC - 2009
20-
Bng 1: Bng tnh ton lu lng nc thi phng Him Lam GI n nm 2015
Tiu
Lu lng
Lu lng
S
Nhu cu dng nc
Dn s
chun
TB
max
TT
3
(ngi) (l/ng.ng.) (m /ng.) Kng-max
(m3/ng.)
Tiu chun thi nc
1 sinh hot Qsh
11,162
108
603
1.3
784
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
2 CN Qtm=%Qsh
20%
121
1.3
157
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng cng
3 Qcc=%Qsh
16%
96
1.3
125
Lu lng nc thm
4 Qtc=%Qsh
10%
60
1.3
78
5 TNG CNG :
880
1,144
6 LM TRN
1,140
Bng 2: Bng tnh ton lu lng nc thi phng Tn ThanhGI n nm 2015
Tiu
Lu lng
Lu lng
S
Nhu cu dng nc
Dn s
chun
TB
max
TT
3
(m3/ng.)
Tiu chun thi nc
1 sinh hot Qsh
10,426
108
1,013
1.3
1,317
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
3 CN Qtm=%Qsh
20%
203
1.3
263
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng cng
3 Qcc=%Qsh
16%
162
1.3
211
Lu lng nc thm
4 Qtc=%Qsh
10%
101
1.3
132
5 TNG CNG :
1,480
1,923
6 LM TRN
1,920
Bng 3: Bng tnh ton lu lng nc thi phng Mng Thanh GI n nm 2015
Tiu
Lu lng
Lu lng
S
Nhu cu dng nc
Dn s
chun
TB
max
TT
3
(m3/ng.)
Tiu chun thi nc
1 sinh hot Qsh
12,107
108
1,177
1.3
1,530
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
3 CN Qtm=%Qsh
20%
235
1.3
306
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng cng
3 Qcc=%Qsh
16%
188
1.3
245
Lu lng nc thm
4 Qtc=%Qsh
10%
118
1.3
153
5 TNG CNG :
1,718
2,234
6 LM TRN
2,230
LAVIC - 2009
21-
Bng 4: Bng tnh ton lu lng nc thi phng Noong Bua GI n nm 2015
Tiu
Lu lng
Lu lng
S
Nhu cu dng nc
Dn s
chun
TB
max
TT
3
(m3/ng.)
Tiu chun thi nc
1 sinh hot Qsh
5,214
108
507
1.3
659
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
3 CN Qtm=%Qsh
20%
101
1.3
132
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng cng
3 Qcc=%Qsh
16%
81
1.3
105
Lu lng nc thm
4 Qtc=%Qsh
10%
51
1.3
66
5 TNG CNG :
740
962
6 LM TRN
960
Bng 5: Bng tnh ton lu lng nc thi phng Nam Thanh GI n nm 2015
Tiu
Lu lng
Lu lng
S
Nhu cu dng nc
Dn s
chun
TB
max
TT
3
(m3/ng.)
Tiu chun thi nc
1 sinh hot Qsh
9,605
108
934
1.3
1,214
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
3 CN Qtm=%Qsh
20%
187
1.3
243
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng cng
3 Qcc=%Qsh
16%
149
1.3
194
Lu lng nc thm
4 Qtc=%Qsh
10%
93
1.3
121
5 TNG CNG :
1,363
1,772
1,800
6 LM TRN
Bng 6: Bng tnh ton lu lng nc thi phng Thanh Bnh GI n nm 2015
Tiu
Lu lng
Lu lng
S
Nhu cu dng nc
Dn s
chun
TB
max
TT
3
(m3/ng.)
Tiu chun thi nc
1 sinh hot Qsh
6,579
108
639
1.3
831
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
3 CN Qtm=%Qsh
20%
128
1.3
166
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng cng
3 Qcc=%Qsh
16%
102
1.3
133
Lu lng nc thm
4 Qtc=%Qsh
10%
64
1.3
83
7 TNG CNG :
934
1,214
8 LM TRN
1,200
LAVIC - 2009
22-
Bng 7: Bng tng hp lu lng nc thi giai on I n nm 2015

S
TT
1
3
3
4
5
6
Nhu cu dng nc
Tiu chun thi nc
sinh hot Qsh
Tiu chun thi nc
thng mi, tiu th
CN Qtm=%Qsh
Tiu chun thi nc
cc dch v cng
cng Qcc=%Qsh
Lu lng nc
thmQtc=%Qsh
TNG CNG :
LM TRN
Dn s
(ngi)
Tiu chun
(l/ng.ng.)
Lu lng
TB
3
(m /ng.)
Kngmax
Lu lng
max
(m3/ng.)
55,093
108
5,355
1.3
6,962
20%
1,071
1.3
1,392
16%
857
1.3
1,114
10%
536
7,818
7,800
1.3
696
10,164
10,000
Lu lng nc thi theo tnh ton c chn l Q=10,000 m3/ng. Lu lng ny s

l thng s cho cng tc tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc thi, trm bm v
trm x l.
1.4.3.4. Cc hng mc u t cho h thng thot nc thi
a, Mng li cng thu gom nc thi
Mt h thng thu gom nc thi s c xy dng dc theo cc tuyn ng ph
ca in Bin Phu, c th trong bng sau:
Bng 8: Khi lng cng thot nc thi xut cho giai
on I (2015)
STT
Hng mc cng vic
n v
Khi
lng
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
15.749
3.966
4.382
225
3.257
1009
1750
Tuyn cng thu gom nc thi HDPE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cng DN200
Cng DN250
Cng DN315
Cng DN355
Cng DN400
Cng DN450
Cng DN500
b, Trm bm nc thi
Cc trm bm nc thi c xy dng nhm gim su chn cng thu gom
nc thi, a nc thi v trm x l. S lng trm bm c la chn ph hp vi
iu kin thc t, c th gim ti a s lng trm bm m vn m bo a nc thi
v trm x l vi phng n ti u nht.
LAVIC - 2009
23-
Bng 9: Bng tng hp cc trm bm nc thi

Hng Mc
Cng sut
Din tch
My bm chm
Trm bm
TB1
1.428 m3/ngy
2,0mx2,0m = 4m2
Trm bm
TB2
2.040 m3/ngy
2,5mx2,5m=6.25m2 01 bm lm vic, 1
bm d phng vi
thng s:
Q=85m3/h, H= 11m,
N= 5,5Kw
Trm bm
TB3
1.872 m3/ngy
2,5mx2,5m=6.25m2
01 bm lm vic, 1
bm d phng vi
thng s:
Q=78m3/h, H= 10m,
N= 5Kw
Trm bm
TB4
2.208 m3/ngy
2,5mx2,5m=6.25m2
01 bm lm vic, 1
bm d phng vi
thng s: 6
01 bm lm vic, 1
bm d phng vi
thng s:
Q=52m3/h, H= 10m,
N= 5Kw
Q=92m3/h, H= 10m
N= 6,5Kw
Trm bm
TB5
3.120 m3/ngy
2,5mx2,5m=6.25m2
02 bm lm vic, 1
bm d phng vi
thng s:
Q=65m3/h, H= 10m
N= 5Kw
c) Trm x l nc thi.
* V tr trm x l:
V tr trm x l c chn ti khu t ngoai thanh thuc xa Ban Ten
B
Din tch chim t ca trm x l l 3 ha.
V tr trm x l m bo khong cch vi khu dn c theo tiu chun;
Trm x l nm gn sng Nm Rm; o bo cht lng nc u ra

t tiu chun loi B trc khi x thi ngun tip nhn.
LAVIC - 2009
24-
V tr rt thun li v cui khu dn c, cui hng gi, cch xa khu dn
c, m bo cc tiu chun v quy nh v khong cch ti thiu l

300 m.
* Gii php cng ngh
S dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc thi:
Song chn rc Ngn tip nhn B lng ct B x l sinh hc B lng th
cp trn Clo hot tnh B tip xc Mng o lu lng X ra sng Nm
Rm.
S dy chuyn cng ngh x l bn cn:
Bn hot tnh B lng bn trng lc Bm bn My p cn bng ti Vn
chuyn chn lp hoc lm phn ho hc.
* Thit k tram x ly nc thai:
1. H thu nc v trm bm nc thi u vo.
q max
=
q day,average =
420 m3/h
325m3/h
My bm: 2 bm hot ng + 1 bm d phng. Thng s k thut ca mi bm:
q max = 210 m3/h

H = 9,5 m
Cng sut ng c 13 kW mi my
2. Song chn rc:
Nc thi c bm ln knh dn nc u vo, qua song chn rc gm 1 song chn
rc th cng v mt song chn rc c gii. Cng sut lp t ca song chn rc tinh:
q max = 420 m3/h
Ca file
Ca file c iu khin bng tay, c gi ln thnh ca mng t

song chn rc
Chiu rng
600 mm
Chiu cao
1000 mm
Song chn c gii
Cng sut song chn rc
Khong cch gia cc thanh
Chiu rng
Knh t song chn rc
chiu rng
chiu su
Tn tht qua song chn rc vi lu lng max
Vt liu
Cng sut ng c
LAVIC - 2009
520 m3/h
6 mm
600 mm
700 mm
1000 mm
200 mm
Thp khng r
1.1 kW
25-
Song chn rc th cng

Cng sut song chn rc
Khong cch gia cc thanh
Chiu rng
Vt liu
Knh t song chn rc
Chiu rng
Chiu su
1250 m3/h
30 mm
700 mm
Thp khng r
700 mm
1000 mm
Bng ti
Bng ti chuyn ng quay

Cng sut
Vt liu
Cng sut ng c
1,5 m3/h
Thp khng r
1,5 kW
My p rc
Rc c chuyn ng xoay trn

c ng trong cc bao ti
Cng sut
Vt liu
Cng sut ng c
My tch ct
My tch ct thit b vn chuyn ct
Cng sut
Vt liu
Cng sut ng c
Thng cha rc, 1 m3
3. B lng ct thu hi cht ni
1,5 m3/h
Thp khng r
1,5 kW
10 l/s
Thp khng r
0,55 kW
325 m3/h
420 m3/h
qh, average
qh,max
B lng ct
Dung tch
Kch thc
Thi gian lu nc
Chiu di
Chiu rng
Chiu cao
qh,trung bnh
qh, max
Cu cng tc phc v cho qu trnh vn hnh.

Kt cu cng m bo ti trng bm ct
Vt liu
Cp treo m bo cp in t pha trn b
Cng sut ng c
My bm ct
Kiu
Cng sut
LAVIC - 2009
80 m3
10,0 m
2,0 m
4,0 m
11 pht
8 pht
thp Carbon
0,37 kW
Bm nc thi chm
10l/s x 6.5 ml
26-
Cng sut ng c
2.9kW
Thng cha rc, 1 m3

Tch cht ni
Cung cp kh cho b aroten
qa
h
Cng sut ng c
4. B phn ng sinh hc
150 m3/h 2,5 m3/min

350 mbar
3 kW
qh, trung bnh

qh,max
BOD5-Ti trng bn, vi lu lng lm vic
BOD5-Ti trng bn, vi lu lng max
Ti trng b
Nhit nh nht
Ti trng bn
Bn hot tnh
Lng bn sinh ra
Sn xut bn hot tnh, trung bnh
Dao ng trong khong
Lng bn hot tnh
Tng lng bn hot tnh d
Tui bn
HRT
qave
qmax.biol
325 m3/h
420 m3/h
890 kg/d
1101 kg/d
0,86 kg BOD/m3xd
15 C
0,21kg BOD/kgMLSS
4,0 kg/m3
1,0 kg TS / kgBOD5
3000 kg TS / d
20004000 kg TS / d
0,8 % TS
250500 m3/d
3,57 d
11,9 h
8h
AOR
SOTR
7080 kgO2/d
596 kgO2/h
max
max
Chiu su b
Cng sut my nn kh
ng knh a
Dung tch b
qair
d=300 mm
2 x 3276 m3
6.3 m
2x 3425 m3/h
= 6850 m3/h
2088 a
= 6552 m3
My nn kh
3 my
Cng sut
Cng sut ng c
2 lm vic, 1 d phng
4300 m3/h x 600 bar
50kw mi my
My trn c hc
Kch thc h thu
S my trn
Cng sut my trn
Tc
bxh =5x3m
2 x 4 pcs
4 kW
1450v/pht
Ca file
LAVIC - 2009
27-
Nm ca file iu khin bng tay

o Hai ca cha knh dn nc vo
o Ba ca cn li phn phi nc trc b lng ln hai
Chiu rng
400 mm
Chiu cao
600 mm
5. B lng
2 x 350 m2
Din tch b mt
ng knh
Chiu su
Th tch
Ti trng b mt
Ti lng bn,
Cnh tng
Trung bnh
2 x 1400 m3
700 m2
21 m
3.7 m
4m
2800 m3
qave
qmax, biol.
0,60 m/h
0,89 m/h
2,4 kgSS/m2h
3,6 kgSS/m2h
qave
qmax, biol
Liu lng bn , SVI

Ti trng bn
120 ml/g
0,29 m3MLSS/m2h
0,43 m3MLSS/m2h
6,7 h
50200 %
2101250 m3/h
qave
qmax
Thi gian lu bn, qave
T l bn tun hon
Lu lng bn tun hon
Thanh gt cn
Cu trc bng thp cacbon cng

Thanh gt nm di y
Cng sut ng c
2.2 kW
Bm bn tun hon
3 my bm
(2+1)
Cng sut
180 m3/h, h = 5 m
Cng sut ng c
14.3 kW
Bn hot tnh s c bm t b lng t 2 n b aroten. Hai bm lm vic ng thi
v mt bm d phng
Bm bn d
2 my bm
Cng sut
40 m3/h, h = 24 m
Cng sut ng c
7.5kW
Bn hot tnh d s c bm t b lng t 2 n b nn bn. Mi my bm cho mi
b. duy tr hot ng bm c lin khi c mt my bm ngng hot ng, s c
mt my bm hot ng v bm cho c hai b.
6. B nn bn
B nn bn ng trng lc
d = 13 m
h = 3.5 m
Thanh quay
LAVIC - 2009
A = 133m2
28-
Lm bng thp cacbon cng

Thanh gt nm di y b
Trung tm hnh trn
Cng sut ng c
Ti trng bn
max
Cng sut
0.75 kW
30 kg DS/ m2/d
4000 kg DS/d
Knh o lu lng:
l = 5000 mm
b = 500 mm
h = 800 mm
7. Nh lm kh bn
Bng ti quay trong b nn bn s hot ng trong 8h mt ngy mi ngy mt ln
Cc thng s kch thc
Cng sut: ti trng thu lc trung bnh
12.5 m3/h
max
25 m3/h
Cng sut: sinh khi
trung bnh
375 kg/h
max
500 kg/h
Lng bn kh
23 % DS
Lng nc tch khi bn kh
1720 % DS
Qa trnh lm kh bn tu thuc vo ti trng trung bnh
Lng bn p trung bnh
18 m3/d
Bng ti
Thit b trn tnh polyme v bn u vo

Tang trng tin kh nc
Bng ti i
rng
2300 mm
Cng sut ng c
1,1 kW
My bm bn ly tm
Cng sut
Cng sut ng c
My bm bn
10-40 m3/h, h = 20m
5,5 kW
Thng cha bnh bn sau khi p.

2 my vi cc thng s sau
ng knh
Chiu di
Cng sut
Cng sut ng c
300 mm
4m
3 m3/h
2,2 kW
Trm polymer
Bnh cha dung dch polymer (delivered by the polymer supplier)

Qu trnh ho trn c iu khin (dng phao)
Xy ra s ho trn tnh gia dung dch polymer v nc mi
Bm nh lng polymer
LAVIC - 2009
29-
My bm ly tm
Cng sut
vic)
Cng sut ng c
1-8 l/h, 20m (2 my lm

0.75 kW
Thng cha bn
2 x 10 m3
Dung tch
Trm kh trng
Cht kh trng
Liu lng
kh clo
5.20 g/m3
50.200 kg/d
2.10 kg/h
B tip xc
Dung tch
Thi gian tip xc
Lu lng trung bnh
Lu lng max
Lu lng max n nm 2010
nh lng v cung cp clo
Cng sut
Th tch b d phng
nh cung cp)
Cng sut ng c
70 m3
10 pht
6,7 pht
3,4 pht
2...10 kg/h
2 m3 (Tu thuc vo
1kW
* Cc cng trnh ph tr
Thot nc
Sn ng ni b
Cng tng ro
Nh qun l v iu hnh
1.4.4. Cc loi my mc thit b phc v d n

Do c th cc hng mc ca cng trnh nn cc thit b, my
mc s tham gia thi cng ch yu l:
Bng 1. Danh mc cc thit b thi cng chnh
ST
T
M t thit b
S lng
Nm
sn
sut
Cng sut hot

ng
My p cc YZJ 120
2005
Lc p ln nht 120
tn
My p cc YZJ 120
1998
Lc p ln nht 120
tn
My cu phc v
2008
Sc nng 10 tn.
LAVIC - 2009
30-
ST
T
M t thit b
S lng
Nm
sn
sut
Cng sut hot

ng
My cu phc v
SUMITOMO
Sc nng 10 tn.
Gu o
2005
Cp rng 600
Gu o
2005
Cp rng 1000
My trn b tng
2006
50 m3/h
My m di
2008
280 W
My m bn
10
2004
Lc dp 1,63 tn/ln
git
My m b tng
2006
Lc p 9,8kN
t ch vt liu
2005
Dung tch 6-9 m3
My bm nc
2007
30 m3/h
V mt s thit b ph
tr khc
1.4.5 K hoch thc hin
Tin thc hin d n c trnh by bng sau:
2009
2010
Nm /Quy
III
IV
II
III-IV
2011
I
II
III-IV
2012
I
II
III
Ph duyt va thm inh

d an
u thu va ky kt hp
ng
Khao sat, thit k ban ve
thi cng
Mua sm va xy lp
Chay th, nghim thu
+ Hoan thanh bc d an trong thang 07 nm 2009 va ph duyt quy IV nm 2009
+ Hoan thanh bc n bu giai phong mt bng trc thang 12 nm 2009
+ T chc u thu thang 10 /2009 n thang 02 /2010
+ Thi gian thit k va thi cng tt ca cac hang muc cng trinh d tinh bt u t
thang 06/2009 va hoan thanh toan b trc 31/12/2012.
+ Tng thi gian chun bi u t, thc hin u t va kt thuc xy dng la 48 thang.
LAVIC - 2009
31-
IV
1.4.6. Tng mc u t
+ Tng mc u t cua d an la: 274.335.000.000 VN
+ Tng ng: 11.673.800 EURO
+ Ty l phn b ngun vn nh sau:
235.235.000.000 VN
Vn vay tin dung u ai cua chinh
Tng ng: 10.010.000 EURO
phu Phn Lan
Ty l
: 85,75%
39.100.000.000 VN
Vn i ng cua Chinh phu Vit
Tng ng : 1.663.800 EURO
Nam
Ty l
: 14,25%
Ngun vn u t c phn chia nh sau:
1. Mang li thoat nc thai:
63.389.930.000 ng
2. Tram bm tng ap:
4.213.112.000 ng
3. Tram x ly nc thai:
101.383.175.000 ng
4. Phn thoat nc ma:
13.875.662.000 ng
5. Chi phi ban quan ly:
2.413.777.000 ng
6. Chi phi n bu, giai phong mt bng:
3.000.000.000 ng
7. Chi phi khac:
50.276.626.000 ng
8. D phong phi:
35.782.843.000 ng
1.4.7. Mc tiu ca d n
Trn c s c s chp thun ca Chnh ph v cc B ngnh, Thanh ph in Bin
Phu ng k s dng vn tn dng u i (ngun vn ODA) ca Chnh ph Phn
Lan u t cho cc cng tc xy dng h thng thot nc ma, thu gom v x l
nc thi Thanh ph in Bin Phu nhm gim thiu nhim mi trng, nhim
ngun nc, nng cao cht lng sng ca nhn dn, ci thin mi trng u t gp
phn thu ht u t, c bit l u t nc ngoi vi cc mc tiu nh sau:
Mc tiu lu di ca d n nhm ng gp cho cc qu trnh:
Ci thin cht lng cuc sng cho ngi dn ti thnh ph;
Thc y s pht trin kinh t;
Gim di c lao ng ra cc thnh ph ln.
Cc mc tiu c th ca d n:
Ci thin iu kin mi trng ti thnh ph in Bin Ph, thng qua

xy dng cc cng trnh thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi thng qua cc
hot ng gio dc v quan h cng ng;
LAVIC - 2009
32-
Tng cng tnh lu bn ca c s h tng v cc dch v thnh ph

in Bin Ph bng vic h tr n v qun l v vn hnh h thng thot
nc v v sinh thnh ph in Bin Ph, a ra c ch hot ng cho cng ty
cng nh gip v mt k thut trong cng tc qun l vn hnh h thng
thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi.
1.4.8. ngha ca d n
- Gp phn vo vic hon thin c s h tng, thc y qu trnh pht trin kinh
t- x hi cho Thanh ph in Bin Phu, tinh in Bin hin ti v trong tng lai
gn;
- Bo v v s dng hp l, bn vng ngun ti nguyn nc ca quc gia;
- Gii quyt c bn tnh trng ngp ng cc b v ma ma cho Thanh ph, thu
gom v x l ton b nc thi sinh hot trn a bn, gim thiu nhim mi trng
do nc thi bi ong va khng c x ly, gp phn ci thin iu kin v sinh mi
trng, nng cao iu kin sng cho ngi dn thanh ph;
- Gp phn nng cao thc ca nhn dn trong vic bo v, gi gn, s dng
hp l ngun ti nguyn ca quc gia, bo v mi trng sng cn kh trong lnh.
Tao iu kin thu hut cac nha u t san xut kinh doanh, va c bit la u t
vao nghanh cng nghip khng khoi du lich sinh thai, th manh cua Thanh ph in
Bin Phu
LAVIC - 2009
33-
CHNG II:
IU KIN T NHIN,MI TRNG V KINH T- X HI
2.1 IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht
2.1.1.1.V tr a l
Thanh ph in Bin Phu co vi tri chin lc v Quc phong an ninh cua vung
Ty Bc; co sn bay quc t va qun th di tich lich s in Bin Phu; canh quan thin
nhin ti ep va giu ban sc vn hoa cac dn tc. Thanh ph in Bin Phu a va
ang tr thanh mt trung tm du lich cua khu vc Ty bc, la u mi giao thng quan
trong vi cac nc ASEAN va tinh Vn Nam Trung Quc.
Thnh ph in Bin Ph pha ng nam gip huyn in Bin ng, cc
pha cn li gip huyn in Bin.
2.1.1.2. c im a hnh
Thnh ph in Bin Ph nm trong lng cho in Bin, c cao bin thin
t +473 m n +563m
- Khu vc in Bin Ph c cao nn t nhin trung bnh khong 483m
- Cao nn trung bnh quanh cc chn i khong +490m
- Cao nh cc i A1, C1, C2, in Bin Ph trong khong 5%-536m
Nhn chung vng th trn c v cnh ng Mng Thanh c nn a hnh bng phng
( dc <1%). Ring cc chn i c dc trung bnh t 10-20%
a hnh thm i pha Bc nn sng Nm Rm c cao nn t 410 n 450m, c
nh cao ti 537m.
2.1.1.3. c im ia cht cng trinh:
c im ch yu trong lp t t c thnh to chu vi chim u th. V b dy
v b rng c thnh phn ch yu l st pha ln cui si, st pha ln dm sn.
2.1.2. Kh tng
Trm kh tng in Bin i din cho iu kin kh tng-kh hu ca thnh ph.
c im ti nguyn nc ca sng Nm Rm c nh hng n kh nng cp, thot
nc ca thnh ph.
Ch gi:
Hng gi ch yu l Bc Nam
Gi Bc thnh hnh t thng 11 n thng 4
Gi Nam thnh hnh t thng 5 n thng 10
Tc gi trung bnh
LAVIC - 2009
0,9 m/s
34-
Tc gi ln nht
40 m/s
Ch nhit:
Do tc ng ca bc x mt tri vi cn cn bc x lun dng dn n nn
nhit kh cao trong thnh ph, th hin r nt ch nhit ca vng nhit i.
Ch m:
m tng i trung bnh l
83%
m thp nht tuyt i trung bnh l :
56%
Ch ma:
Lng ma trung bnh nm
Lng ma ngy ln nht
:
:
1583.1 mm
229.3mm (1/9/1975)
Ma ma in Bin ko di trong 5 thng t thng V n thng IX nhng c

tng lng ma chim gn 80% tng lng ma nm.
Cc hin tng thi tit khc:
Nng: S gi nng trung bnh nm
2002 gi
Bc hi: Lng bc hi trung bnh nm :
889.6 m
Sng mui: Thng thng c 2- 4 nm c 1 trn sng mui nh, 20-30 nm c mt

trn sng mui nng. Nm 1974 xut hin 1 trn sng mui rt nng.
Ging: thng xut hin t thng 3 n thng 9, tng s ngy c ging trong nm l
110 ngy. Ging thng xut hin nhiu nht vo thng 5 km theo gi xoy.
Sng m: trung bnh nm c 103 ngy, thng l thng 10,11,12 nhiu nht l thng
12
2.1.3. a cht thy vn
a cht thu vn:
* H Hui Ph
H Hui Ph c xy dng xong nm 1959 ti cho 60 ha rung, t nm 19982004 h c s dng lm ngun cp cho nh my nc in Bin Ph giai on I
cng sut 8.000m3/ng. Lu lng nc n nh cha b thiu. H c cc s liu :
- F lu vc = 15km2
- W hu ch = 2,4 triu m3
- W cht
= 0,5 triu m3
H c ngun b cp l sui Tc P v Thm My vi lu lng Qmin = 5l/s.

* Sui Nm Khu Hu
- Ngun nc sui Nm Khu Hu c dn v cp nc cho ti rung khu vc in
Bin Ph qua knh chnh thu li Thanh Minh
- Sui Nm Khu Hu c cc thng s sau :Din tch lu vc F = 66,5 km2, Qo= 1,73
m3/s, Q85%= 1,29 m3/s,Q90%= 1,17 m3/ s, Q95%= 1,01 m3/ s, dng chy cc thng kit
trong nm Qmin= 0,7- 0,8m3/s, lu lng o c ngy 05/04/2002 l 1,1 m3/s.
* H Nm Khu Hu
LAVIC - 2009
35-
Theo bo co CNTKT do Cng ty t vn thu li I- B NN&PTNT thc hin 2/2002

(hin nay ang lp d n u t thi cng cng trnh vo cui nm 2005)
Nhim v ca cng trnh cn t :
+
Cp nc ti cho 333 ha la (trong x Thanh Na 298 ha, x Thanh

Minh 35 ha)
W = 6.186.000 m3
Cp nc ti cho 500 ha cy cng nghip, cy mu W = 877.400 m3
Cp nc sinh hot cho thnh ph in Bin Ph
W = 10.210.700 m3
Tng lng nc yu cu
W = 17.274.100 m3
Kt hp pht in vi cng sut 1500kw/h
2.1.4. Tai nguyn thin nhin

2.1.4.1. Tai nguyn nc:
Tai nguyn nc mt:
La ngun nc c ly t cac con sui phuc vu cho san xut va sinh hoat
cua nhn dn. Ngun nc mt tuy di dao nhng phn b khng u theo thi gian
va khng gian, chu yu tp trung v mua ma va nhng vung trung thp.
Thi gian gn y, nc mt ang dn bi nhim bi nc thai t cac nha may
ch bin nng san, thc phm, t cac khu dn c tp trung. Vn nay se c cp
tr lai trong chng anh gia tac ng mi trng.
Tai nguyn nc ngm:
Nhn dn ia phng ang s dung ca nc mt va nc ngm vao muc ich
san xut va sinh hoat. Tuy nhin, nhng nm gn y, ngun nc ngm bi giam ang
k , mt s gings ao bi can v mua kh, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn la do rng
ang bi giam dn che phu
2.1.4.2. Tai nguyn rng va t rng:
L tnh min ni nn in Bin c tim nng rng v t rng rt ln. Ton
tnh c ti 757.937ha rng v t rng, chim 79,3% tng din tch t nhin ca tnh.
Nm 2004, tng din tch t c rng ca in Bin ch c 367.398 ha, chim 48,5%
tim nng t rng v t t l che ph 38,5%, trong rng t nhin l 356.225 ha,
chim 96,9% t c rng; rng trng l 11.225 ha chim 3,1%. Hu ht rng in
Bin hin nay l rng phng h. Trong s hn 466 ngn ha t cha s dng th din
tch t quy hoch cho pht trin lm nghip ca tnh l 397.989 ha
2.1.4.3. Tai nguyn khoang san:
Ti nguyn khong sn in Bin cha c thm d nh gi k. Qua tra
cu cc ti liu lch s lin quan cho thy, in Bin c ngun ti nguyn khong sn
a dng v chng loi, gm cc loi chnh nh: nc khong, than m, vi, en,
granit, qung st v kim loi mu,... nhng tr lng thp v nm ri rc trong tnh.
n nay trn a bn tnh xc nh c 32 im qung st v kim loi, 14 im m
than, trong c 2 im c nh gi tr lng cp C1 v nhiu im khong sn
VLXD, nc khong... nhng cha c thm d nh gi su v tr lng v cht
lng. S b cho thy, cc khong sn chnh in Bin gm c:
* V khong sn kim loi: c st, ch, ch - km, nhm, ng, thy ngn...
- St c phn b ri rc cc huyn in Bin, Tun Gio v Mng Ch vi quy m
nh, ch mc im qung v cha xc nh c tr lng.
LAVIC - 2009
36-
- Ch - km phn b tp trung quanh huyn in Bin, in Bin ng, Ta Cha v

thnh ph in Bin Ph. hin nay c im qung ch km khu vc Tun Gio ang
hot ng.
- ng qua kho st s b pht hin m ng khu vc Ch T huyn Mng Ch
vi tr lng kh ln nhng cha c thm d nh gi c th.
- Nhm v nhm - st c trin vng x Phnh Sng huyn Tun Gio vi tr lng
cp P khong 40 - 50 triu tn.
2.1.5. Tai nguyn du lich
2.1.5.1. Tai nguyn du lich lich s:
in Bin c v tr chin lc rt quan trng, qua nhiu thi k lch s cn li
nhng di tch c gi tr nhn vn, trong ni bt nht l h thng di tch lch s chin
thng in Bin Ph gm: S ch huy chin dch in Bin Ph - Mng Phng; cc
c im Him Lam, Bn ko, c lp; Cc i A1, C1, D1, E1 v khu trung tm tp
on c im ca Php (Khu hm ct)
Qun th di tch ny l ngun ti nguyn v cng qu gi pht trin du lch khng
nhng ca tnh in Bin, ca Ty Bc m cn ca c nc.
2.1.5.2. Tai nguyn du lich sinh thai t nhin:
in Bin l tnh c nhiu hang ng, nhiu ngun nc khong, nhiu h nc ln...
hp thnh ngun ti nguyn du lch thin nhin phong ph, trong phi k n: Rng
nguyn sinh Mng Nh; cc hang ng ti Pa Thm (in Bin), Thm Pa (Tun
Gio); cc sui khong nng Hua Pe, U Va; cc h P Khoang (600 ha), Pe Lung (25
ha), Hui Ph (30ha)...
y l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin qu gi khng nhng c gi tr trong pht trin du
lch m cn rt thun li trong vic xy dng cc khu ngh dng v cha bnh.
2.1.5.3. Tai nguyn du lich vn hoa:
Bn cnh cc loi hnh vn ha vt th, in Bin cn c tim nng phong ph v vn
ha phi vt th, vi 21 dn tc anh em chung sng, mi dn tc c sc thi vn ha
ring rt a dng, trong in hnh l dn tc Thi, dn tc H' Mng.
V vn ha dn gian c kho tng ca dao dn ca, truyn c tch ca cc dn tc, cc l
hi truyn thng, cc di ch kho c... Tt c hp thnh sc thi vn ha ring ca cc
dn tc vng Ty Bc Vit Nam. cng l ti nguyn du lch phong ph pht
trin cc loi hnh du lch, vn ha thu ht khch du lch.
2.2. C IM XA HI
2.2.1. Tinh hinh phat trin kinh t
Thnh ph in Bin Ph hm nay c bc pht trin vt bc: Kinh t pht
trin nhanh, nm sau cao hn nm trc, c cu kinh t c s iu chnh hp l
chuyn dch ng hng xc nh. Kt cu h tng kinh t - x hi c u t
xy dng v pht huy hiu qu; b mt th i thay nhanh chng. Vn ha x
hi c nhiu tin b, i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca nhn dn c nng ln. An
ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi lun c gi vng n nh, tim lc quc
phng - an ninh c tng cng. H thng chnh tr t thnh ph n c s
LAVIC - 2009
37-
thng xuyn c cng c, kin ton, pht huy hiu qu; vai tro lnh o v sc
chin u ca cc t chc ng c nng ln.
ng b in Bin Ph xc nh c cu kinh t l: Cng nghip - nng, lm
nghip v dch v; nn kinh t ca th x n thun l sn xut la, chn nui gia
sc v sn xut gch ngi, ct si. i hi ln th IX ng b Thnh ph nhim k
2005 - 2010 khng nh c cu kinh t ca Thnh ph l: Thng mi, du lch,
dch v - cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip, xy dng c bn - nng, lm nghip.
Vi vic xc nh ng v kp thi iu chnh c cu kinh t ph hp trong tng
giai on nn pht huy c tim nng th mnh ca thnh ph, ng thi tp
trung u t pht trin, do kinh t thnh ph pht trin nhanh. Tc tng
trng GDP hang nm cua thanh ph u tng. Nm 2006 at 15,7%, nm 2007
at 16%, nm 2008 at 19,1%. GDP binh qun u ngi tng nhanh, nm 2006
at 790 USD, n nm 2008 thi GDP binh qun u ngi cua thanh ph a at
1.389 USD.
2.2.1.1. Thng mai dich vu - du lich:
Trong nhng nm qua, thanh ph a thc hin kha tt vic thu hut vn u t,
khuyn khich va tao iu kin thun li cho cac thanh phn kinh t tham gia kinh
doanh thng mai dich vu du lich. n ht nm 2008, toan thanh ph co 13
doanh nghip nha nc, 89 doanh nghip t nhn, 2.510 h ca th kinh doanh trn
ia ban. Tng gia tri lu chuyn hang hoa va dich vu nm 2008 at 993 ty ng,
chim 56,3% ty trong GDP.
Dich vu phat trin a dang, quy m c m rng, cht lng dich vu c nng
ln, tc tng trng hang nm 18%. Mt s loai hinh dich vu phat trin nhanh
v s lng, cht lng ngay cang tt hn nh : Dich vu bu in, vin thng ; n
ung ; dich vu vn tai ; dich vu tai chinh, tin dung, ngn hang, bao him c
m rng, ap ng tt hn nhu cu san xut va i sng nhn dn va khach du lich.
Hoat ng du lich chuyn bin tich cc, lng khach n tham quan du lich hang
nm u tng, doanh thu nm sau cao hn nm trc. Nm 2008 co 148,5 ngay
lt khach n ia ban tham qua du lich, tng 7,5 ngan lt so vi nm 2007.
Doanh thu t du lich va dich vu nm 2008 c at 81,5 ty ng.
2.2.1.2. Cng nghip tiu thu cng nghip va xy dng:
San xut Cng nghip - tiu thu cng nghip va xy dng trn ia ban Thanh ph phat
trin n inh, nm sau cao hn nm trc; gia tri san xut CN TTCN nm 2006 at
247 ty ng, nm 2007 at 282 ty ng , nm 2008 at 327,5 ty ng ; giai quyt vic
lam cho gn 3000 lao ng .
2.2.1.3. Phat trin Nng Lm nghip
y manh chuyn dich c cu kinh t nng nghip bng cac giai phap tich cc
LAVIC - 2009
38-
nh u t h thng knh mng thuy li, trin khai d an khai hoang rung nc
va nng c inh , xy dng thi im va nhn rng m hinh cy trng, vt nui co
nng sut, cht lng cao va y manh vic ap dung cac tin b khoa hoc, ky thut
vao san xut, thm canh tng vu, khc phuc kip thi va lam tt cng tac phong
chng dich bnh, san xut nng nghip tip tuc phat trin kha. Gia tri san xut nng
nghip tng binh qun 10%/nm. Cng tac quan ly , chm soc va bao v rng kinh
t vi cac d an trng tre ly mng va m hinh vn rng trng cy n qua, m
hinh kinh t trang trai theo hng san xut nng lm kt hp.
2.2.1.4. Giao thng vn tai
Giao thng i ngoi
-ng b: Thnh ph in Bin Ph quan h giao lu vi quc t v cc tnh trong
c nc ch yu bng ng b. Thnh ph in Bin Ph l u mi giao thng ca
2 tuyn quc l:
Quc l 279 ni thnh ph in Bin Ph vi th trn Tun Gio pha ng v ni
vi nc Lo pha Ty qua ca khu Ty Trang.
on thnh ph di 8.6 km c ci to m rng on qua trung tm di gn 5 km.
Mt ng nha rng 10.5x2 = 21 m
Di phn cch trung tm l 1m
L h ng (3-5)x2 = (6-10) (m)
Quc l 12 ni Thnh ph in Bin Ph vi th x Lai Chu ng cp 4 min ni,
mt ng 5.5m nn 7.5 m
on t i c Lp qua sn bay ni ng ba trung tm ch mi c ci to xy dng
li mt ng b tng nha rng 10,5 15 m.
Tuyn Hui Ph i in Bin ng mi c xy dng dc trin ni pha ng thnh
ph, b rng t ng cp V-IV, nn 6,5 7,5 m.
Bn xe lin tnh ni tnh nm gn khu vc i Him Lam cch ch trung tm 200m.
- ng hng khng: Cang hang khng in Bin nm pha Ty thnh ph cch trung
tm 1,2 km va mi c ci to xy dng li ng bng b tng rng 40 m di
1800m. Cang hang khng c ci to nng cp, tip nhn loi my bay thn nh
tm bay trung bnh 500-700 km. Cang hang khng phuc vu nhu cu giao thng t 2
3 chuyn/ ngay.
Giao thng ni th:
Mng li ng ni th c ci to xy dng li tng i hon chnh c bit
khu vc trung tm.
Cc tuyn khc c ci to m rng mt ng rng trung bnh 7-10,5m
Tng chiu di 34,1 km, trong c 22 km ng nha chim 64%. Cn li 12,1km l
ng cp phi, chim 36%.
Nhn xt:
Thnh ph min ni mi c u t xy dng li h thng ng tng i hon
chnh p ng nhu cu giao lu ca nhn dn.
LAVIC - 2009
39-
Khu vc trung tm cc tuyn v ang c u t xy dng hon chnh. Cn li cc

khu vc khc ng cn hp, h thng h ng thot nc cha c xy dng.
2.2.2 Tinh hinh phat trin xa hi
2.2.2.1. Dn s
Tnh n cui thng 11/2007 dn s ca TP in Bin Ph gm :
1- Phng Him Lam
8035 ngi; Mt : 76 ngi/ha.
2- Phng Tn Thanh
7305 ngi; Mt : 242 ngi/ha.
3- Phng Mng Thanh :
8765 ngi; Mt : 230ngi/ha.
4- Phng Noong Bua
3653 ngi; Mt : 230 ngi/ha.
5- Phng Nam Thanh
6944 ngi; Mt : 217 ngi/ha.
6- Phng Thanh Bnh
4696 ngi; Mt : 216 ngi/ha.
7- Phng Thanh Trng :
4775 ngi ; Mt : 213 ngi/ha.
8- X Thanh Minh :
1789 ngi ; Mt : 42 ngi/ha.
Phng Noong Bua mt tng do tnh n khong 400 h ti nh c t thu in

Sn La v.
Tnh in Bin l mt trong nhng tnh c rt nhiu ng bo dn tc sinh sng, c ti
21 dn tc.
Ngi Thi
TP in Bin Ph
11.18%
tnh in Bin
40.4%
1.79%
28.8%
81.64%
19.7%
5.39%
11.1%
Ngi H'Mng
Ngi Kinh
Dn tc khc
2.2.2.2. Cac vn ngheo oi va thu nhp
Cng tac xoa oi giam ngheo at kt qua tich cc; ty l h ngheo lin tuc giam:
Nm 2005 la 3,88%, nm 2006 giam xung con 1,79%, nm 2007 con 147 h ngheo
chim 1,25%, nm 2008 chi con 188 h chim 0,99%.
Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi
(n v: 1.000VND)
Nm
Lng
San xut nng lm
thuy san
Cng nghip va xy
dng
Dich vu
Nghanh khac
Tng cng
2003
44.48
121
2.8
7.3
25.02
201
2004
2005
49.04
56.7
135.0
2 156.11
2006
68.04
2007
87.09
185.77
228.50
3.3
8.48
23.16
224
4.57
11.67
38.72
308.21
5.62
14.36
47.63
379.10
3.84
9.81
32.54
259
2.2.2.3. Y t
Thanh ph trin khai thc hin tt cac chng trinh y t quc gia, chng trinh phong
LAVIC - 2009
40-
chng dich bnh, kham cha bnh, chm soc sc khoe cng ng. a thanh toan xong
bnh phong, bai lit, phong chng st ret, loai tr un van s sinh. % s tre em di 6
tui c tim chung y u. C s vt cht va trang thit bi y t c tng cng.
Dch v y t cng ng
Hang muc
Bnh vin a khoa
Tram y t phng
Khu phu thut
Bac si
Y ta
Bac si chuyn mn
Trung cp dc
Dc ta
Dc si
S lng
1 Bnh vin vi 300 ging
8 tram vi 24 ging
2 vi 35 ging
188
171
92
17
41
5
S ngi mc bnh lin quan n nc v mi trng

1. Phng Him Lam
2006
61
2007
75
2. Phng Tn Thanh
79
93
3. Phng Mng Thanh
85
102
4. Phng Noong Bua
38
40
5. Phng Nam Thanh
47
53
6. Phng Thanh Binh
29
21
7. Phng Thanh Trng
52
61
8. Xa Thanh Minh
12
14
2.2.2.4. Giao duc

UBND Thanh ph a ban hanh an phat trin giao duc va ao tao giai oan
2006 2010 va ang tich cc trin khai thc hin. S nghip giao duc cua Thanh
ph phat trin, quy m giao duc dn i vao n inh, gi vng c kt qua ph cp
giao duc tiu hoc ung tui va ph cp trung hoc c s, hin nay ang thc hin
ph cp bc trung hoc. Tinh n ht nm 2008, thanh ph a xy dng c 14
trng at chun quc gia.
2.2.2.5 An ninh trt t
Ngi dn thnh ph in Bin Ph hin lnh, on kt tng tr
ln nhau, rt him khi xy ra nh nhau, hoc cp ot ti sn. Tuy
vy, mt hin tng c bit ni y l ma tu, t nn nghin
ht y vn cha c kim sot, ngi nghin li l tng lp thanh
nin tui 20 -40.
LAVIC - 2009
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2.3. HIN TRANG H THNG CP NC

Thnh ph in Bin Ph hin nay c mt h thng cp nc tp trung cng sut
8.000m3/ng, ngun nc s dng nc mt sui Nm Khu Hu t nm 2004 ( thi
gian u mi xy dng l h Hui Ph). Nh my nc in Bin Ph t trn i cao
c cao san nn 529m v 525m so vi mc nc bin. y l cng trnh s dng
ngun vn ODA ca chnh ph Php v vn ngn sch ca chnh ph Vit Nam cp,
thc hin giai on 1 v hon thnh vo nm 1998. Cng ngh x l s dng cng
ngh Php bao gm:
Cng trnh thu v trm bm I t h Hui Ph hin khng s dng.
B trn c kh s dng phn nhm v cht tr keo t,
B phn ng to bng c kh ,
B lng lamen, B lc ct thch anh,
B cha v kh trng bng clo lng ti b cha,
Nc c cp vo mng phn phi bng ng ng t chy. H thng ng truyn
dn v phn phi bng gang do v gang xm.
Tng chiu di mng phn phi: 31.863m, trong c 7.980m ng DN100-250mm:
+ ng gang xm DN 100 - L= 1.290,0 m
+ ng gang xm DN 150 - L= 1.508,5 m
+ ng thp en
DN 150 -L=
397,5m
+ ng gang xm DN 200 -L=
854,5m
+ ng gang xm DN 250 - L= 2.371,5m

+ ng thp en
DN 250 - L= 1.558,0m
= 7.980,0m
V 23.883,0m ng gang do DN100-400mm ca d n ODA cng ho Php, tng cc

loi ng nh sau :
+ ng gang do DN 150 - L= 6.185m
+ ng gang do DN 200 - L= 4.533m
+ ng gang do DN 250 - L=
581m
+ ng gang do DN 300 - L= 1.216m

+ ng gang do DN 400 - L= 3.697m
= 23.883m
Mng li ng ng c bng gang xm v thp en, do thi cng mang tnh cht tm,
do lp t bng phng php th cng n nay b h hng nng gy tht thot
nghim trng. c bit sau ng t nm 2001 mng ng c ny cng hng hc
nghim trng hn.
Mng li ng ng bng gang do ODA Php mi c lp, dng mi ni
mm nn ng t vi cng mnh cng t b h hng, nhng mng ng phn phi
chnh cha bao trm ht cc khu dn c hin c trong thnh ph, th trn nn t l
c cp nc cn thp ch t trn 66,4% dn s thnh ph c s dng nc sch,
vi 8.415/12.130 h thu bao qua ng h (tnh n thng 11/2007), ngoi ra c 267
LAVIC - 2009
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c quan v cc h s dng nc cng cng c cp nc. S h cn li s dng

nc ging khi mch nng, ging khoan nh, nc ma, nc sng, sui, cc h ny
ang s dng nc cha qua x l nn khng m bo tiu chun v sinh cho nc n
ung v sinh hot.
2.4. HIN TRANG H THNG THOAT NC
2.4.1. Hin trang h thng thoat nc ma:
* Hin trng h thng mng, cng thot nc.
H thng thot nc ca in Bin Ph l h thng thot nc chung. Ton
thnh ph in Bin Ph c khong 15km ng cng v mng xy h cng tit
din t D600- D1700, mng c tit din BxH = 600x600; BxH 800x800
Thnh ph in Bin Ph nm trong khu vc lng cho, xung quanh l ni bao
bc. Pha Ty c sng Nm Rm chy qua v l ni tiu thot chnh ca thnh ph.
Thnh ph c h thng thot nc, nhng ch yu tp trung cc tuyn ph chnh
gm h thng cng ngm, mng np an c kch thc D500-D1000 mm, BxH =
600x600 mm; 800x800mm. H thng ny thot chung cho c nc bn v nc ma.
Nc ma c thu gom bng h thng h ga thu nc mt ng, vo
mng thot nc chung vi nc thi hoc chy trn trn mt ng ri vo cc
rung, ao v sng thot nc xung quanh. Nh vy nc ma v nc thi c thu
gom vo chung mt h thng cc mng thot nc t hai bn va h ri vo cc
nhnh sng sui ti cc v tr c ca x. Khi c ma, lng nc thi c pha long
bi nc ma ri ra sng gim ng k s nhim cho cc con sng v cho mi
trng xung quanh. Tuy nhin khi khng c ma, mc nc trong cc sng xung
thp, lng nc thi ra sng gy nhim nghim trng cho mi trng, gy mi
hi thi kh chu, nh hng rt ln n cuc sng ngi dn xung quanh.
Tm li, h thng thot nc thnh ph in Bin Ph c t chc di dng
thot nc chung, nc ma v nc thi x chung vo mng thot nc ri ra
sng. y l mt vn ln tn ti cho mi trng thnh ph v cn phi gii quyt.
H thng thot nc do khng c no vt nn khi ma hin tng ngp ng dc cc
va h v nc chy t nhin trn lng ng. c bit l hai khu vc chnh l khu
ch trung tm v khuc vc quanh sn vn ng.
Mt s tuyn ng trong thnh ph c t cng l: ng Trng Chinh,
ng 279. do vy khu vc ny c kh nng tiu thot nc l kh tt, c bit l khi
c ma to. Ngoi ra trn hu ht cc tuyn ng u t cc tuyn cng thot
nc ma, c bit l trn cc tuyn ph mi nn kh nng tiu thot nc ca cc
tuyn ng ny l kh tt. Mt s tuyn ph khng c h thng thot nc hoc c
nhng b h hng khng c kh nng phc v vic tiu thot nc cng cn c
ci to li bng cch thay th mi hoc tu sa, no vt.
Lu vc thot nc ch yu tp trung ra sng Nm Rm, nhn chung vic tiu thot
nc kh tt, sng Nm Rm c dc ln, su, v lng sng rng c kh nng vn
chuyn ln, kh nng t lm sch cao.
Cc tuyn knh sui nh chy trong a bn thnh ph l nhng tuyn chnh thu nc
trong a bn thnh ph, v vy khi xy dng h thng thu gom nc thi, vic ci
to, no vt v k mi cc tuyn knh ny nhm tng cng sut v nng lc vn
chuyn ca cc tuyn knh ny l ht sc cn thit
LAVIC - 2009
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* Hin trng ngp lt.

Tnh trng ngp lt thnh thong xy ra khu vc ch trung tm v khu vc quanh sn
vn ng. Khu vc ny c cao kh thp, cng thu gom v vn chuyn thu gom c
nc ma v nc thi, hin ang b ct lm co hp din tch do khng c no vt
khng m bo kh nng vn chuyn, tiu thot nc. Nng lc vn chuyn ca cc
tuyn cng ny khng p ng nhu cu tiu thot nc v thng xy ra ngp lt
nht l khu c ma ln xy ra. Vi tt c nhng l do , nn hng nm khu vc ny
thnh thong b ngp ng, ngi dn cng gp kh khn trong sinh hot hng
ngy.Nhn chung, trong khu vc thnh ph do c a hnh dc nn kh nng tiu thot
nc tt.
2.4.2. Hin trang h thng thoat nc thai:
* Hin trng mng li tuyn cng thot nc thi.
Nc thi t cc h gia nh ra cng thot nc tiu khu, ri chy vo mng
li cng cp 2, cp 1. Khng loi tr cc h gia nh sng dc hai bn ng chnh
x nc thi trc tip xung mng li cng cp 1, cp 2. Mng li thot nc c
cu to bi cc tuyn cng ngn, trc tip ra sng thot nc qua cc ca x. Do
, nc thi sau khi t h gia nh vo cng c dn ngay x ra sng.
Nc thai c thai xa thng ra sui hoc ng rung khng qua mt qua trinh
x ly nao gy anh hng n cht lng nc. iu nay co th lam nhim thm
khng khi va ngun nc sinh hoat. Mt vn khac v nc thai thanh ph in
Bin Phu cn cp n: Tt ca cac nha may, c s san xut, khach san, nha hang trn
ia ban u cha co h thng x ly nc thai. Nc thai hin ang c chay tran
hoc t thm ra xung quanh. y la vn ma chu d an cn quan tm khi a hp
phn thoat nc vao hoat ng.
* Hin trng trm bm, trm x l nc thi.
Hin nay, in Bin Ph khng c trm bm nc thi. H thng sng thot nc kh
dy c v bn thn cc v tr trong thnh ph khng c im no c cao qu thp
cn phi dng trm bm tiu ng. Ngoi ra, cc trm bm phc v cho mc ch nng
nghip, ti tiu u c xy dng t lu v ang hot ng c hiu qu.
2.5. HIN TRANG RAC THAI VA V SINH MI TRNG:
n vi quan ly, vn hanh h thng thu gom va x ly rac thai
Hin tai, cng ty Mi trng thi thanh ph in Bin Phu chiu trach nhim v rac
thai va v sinh mi trng tai ia phng.
Ni tip nhn rac thai
Cht thai rn hin ang c chuyn v khu rac phia cui thanh ph.
Phng thc thu gom, vn chuyn:
- Doc theo quc l va cac tuyn ph, cac thung rac c t sn( xy dng bng
gach hoc cac thung st), nhn dn em rac n bt c gi nao trong ngay.
-
Hai ln trong ngay ( 8-9 gi sang va 3-5 gio chiu) xe rac i thu gom ( xe ben
t do, 4-4,6m3) va vn chuyn n bai rac.
X ly:
Toan b rac thai a thu gom c vao bai rac t phia cui thanh ph.
LAVIC - 2009
44-
Khng co bt c mt bin phap nao c ap dung nh phn loai rac hay phun thuc
dit chut cung nh khng co bai rac c thit k hp v sinh.
Khi lng rac c thu gom
Khi lng rac c thu gom mi ngay c khoang 25m3/ng ( khoang
60% lng rac toan thanh ph). Ngoai lng rac thu gom c, mi h gia inh x ly
rac cua minh bng cach chn lp ; hoc vt ra nhng khu t trng, xung ao, knh
hoc sng.
S Y t am nhn vic thu gom va x ly cht thai rn mang mm bnh d ly
nhim do tt ca cac co s chm soc y t thai ra. Chat thai nay c thiu huy bng h
thng thiu huy cht thai rn hai ngn nhit cao c lp t tai bnh vin thanh
ph
Y thc cua cng ng v bao v mi trng
Du a co s c gng rt nhiu cua Cng ty Mi trng thi thanh ph in
Bin Phu nhng kt qua cha c nh mong mun. Do phng tin con thiu nn
lng cht thai rn con tn ong nhiu hoc co rt nhiu thung rac c t tai ni rt
thun tin nhng ba con thng ra ngoai.
Hin tai thanh ph in Bin Phu cha co mt bai x ly cht thai rn hp v
sinh do o gy ra nhim tai cac khu vc cht rn tam thi.
Vic nay lin quan n nhn thc va khng phai mt sm mt chiu co th thay
i c. Cn phai co s vao cuc cua nhiu c quan hu quan.
2.6. KT QU PHN TCH CHT LNG MI TRNG
anh gia tac ng mi trng cua d an, cn co cac s liu ac va kt
qua phn tich cac thanh phn mi trng thi im hin tai t o a ra cac anh
gia v cht lng mi trng hin nay cung nh a ra cac anh gia tac ng cua d
an n mi trng trong tng lai. Cac s liu o ac phn tich c coi la nn
mi trng trc khi thc hin d an.
Cac thanh phn mi trng cn nghin cu bao gm
Mi trng khng khi
Mi trng nc:
- Nc mt
- Nc ngm
- Nc thai
Cac mu c ly trn thc ia va phn tich theo tiu chun Vit Nam hin
hanh tai phong thi nghim chun quc gia cua TRUNG TM CNG NGH X LY
MI TRNG B T LNH HOA HOC.
LAVIC - 2009
45-
2.6.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n

Hin trng mi trng khng kh trong khu vc d n tin hnh o c
xc nh mt s ch tiu c bn v cht lng hin trng mi trng khng kh. y l
nhng s liu nh gi cht lng khng kh nn ti thi im o. Cc kt qu ny
c s dng lm cn c trong vic nh gi cc nh hng ca d n n mi
trng trong giai on gii phng mt bng, thi cng v khi d n i vo vn hnh.
Trong nhng nm gn y, mi trng khng kh b nh hng bi cc ngun
kh thi t cc hot ng dn c, kh thi do sn xut cng nghip, xy dng, giao
thng... Cc tc nhn ch yu l hm lng bi l lng, nht l bi PM10, kh thi t
hot ng xy dng, giao thng vn ti v mt s khu vc tp trung dn c ng c;
Cc cht kh t cc khu cng nghip (CO, SO 2, NO2, H2S, THC, bi Pb). Cc ngun
nhim ny gy ra nhng tc ng i vi i sng kinh t, x hi v cc tc ng xu
n sc khe con ngi cng nh h sinh thi khu vc.
Cc thng s mi trng c tin hnh o c ti cc v tr ng t, ni tp
trung dn c ng c, khu cng nghip, khu bnh vin. y l nhng v tr in hnh
cho vic nh gi cht lng khng kh nn v phn nh tng i chnh xc hin
trng khu vc chun b thi cng d n. Cc mu c tin hnh ly trong 1h lin tc.
My o c t v tr 1,2 - 1,5m v t cc v tr cch v tr xc nh l 1; 7,5; 15;
30; 60m sao cho m bo tnh c trng ca v tr v ly gi tr trung bnh.
Kt qu o ac c th hin bng 2..1 va 2..2:
Bng 2.1. Kt qu phn tch hm lng thnh phn khng kh
xung quanh
TT
1
2
3
CH
TIU
n v
KK1
KK2
KK3
KK4
KK5
KK6
KK7
TCVN
5937-2005
5938-1995
mg/m3
0,28
0,26
0,25
0,29
0,26
0,22
0,26
0,2
mg/m3
0,06
0,05
0,04
0,04
0,03
0,06
0,04
0,15
g/m3
0,09
0,04
0,03
0,07
0,06
0,05
0,04
0,15
Bi l
lng TSP
Bi
PM10
Bi Ch
(TB 24h)
CO
mg/m3
1,95
1,45
1,45
1,75
1,15
0,95
0,75
40
NO2
mg/m3
0,12
0,10
0,16
0,18
0,08
0,10
0,08
0,4
SO2
mg/m3
0,14
0,12
0,15
0,12
0,12
0,14
0,06
0,125
Tng
Hydro
cacbon
mg/m3
1,376 0,947 0,892 1,463 1,129 1,145 0,947
Ting n
LAVIC - 2009
dBA
62
57
60
66
57
70
54
1,5
75
46-
Ghi ch 2.1.
STT
K hiu
V tr ly mu khng kh
KK1
Vi tri ca xa s 3, u cu Thanh Binh, Km 194+312, QL12
KK2
Vi tri i din Chi cuc thu TP in Bin Phu, oan cui ng sn bay
KK3
Ph 10, P. Thanh Trng, li vao Cty XD va QL ng b tinh in Bin
KK4
Cang hang khng quc t in Bin, i din KS Asean & bu in
KK5
ng Nguyn Hu Tho ( i din nha s 120, t dn ph 04)
KK6
Nga ba, i din KS in Bin Phu Ha Ni, t dn ph 08
KK7
Chn cu A1, phia Ca xa
KK8
Vi tri ca xa s 5, s nha 262 ng Nguyn Chi Thanh
Bng 2.2. Kt qu phn tch hm lng thnh phn khng kh

xung quanh
T
T
1
2
3
CH
TIU
Bi l
lng
Bi
PM10
Bi
Ch
(TB
24h)
KK12
KK13
KK14
TCVN
5937-2005
5938-1995
0,27
0,16
0,18
0,24
0,2
0,01
0,09
0,02
0,04
0,07
0,15
0,09
0,01
0,07
0,02
0,02
0,05
0,15
1,15
1,95
0,45
1,75
0,45
1,15
1,45
40
mg/m3
0,10
0,16
0,04
0,18
0,08
0,09
0,14
0,4
mg/m3
0,08
0,18
0,03
0,16
0,06
0,12
0,16
0,125
0,838 1,597
0,184
1,962
0,674
0,936
1,044
1,5
54
70
68
62
65
75
n v
KK8
KK9
mg/m3
0,23
0,29
0,12
mg/m3
0,44
0,08
g/m3
0,04
mg/m3
CO
NO2
SO2
Tng
Hydro
cacbon
mg/m3
Ting
n
dBA
60
54
KK10 KK11
Ghi ch 2.2.
STT
8
9
10
11
K hiu
V tr ly mu khng kh
KK8
KK9
Cu trng Km 81+117.9 QL 279, khu vc t dn ph s 1, P. Mng

Thanh
KK10
Vi tri t tram x ly WWTP
KK11
i din phong kham ni tng hp t nhn, s 72 t dn ph s 9, P.

Nam Thanh
LAVIC - 2009
47-
12
KK12
Bnh vin a khoa thanh ph in Bin Phu
13
KK13
S 277 ph 6, phng Noong Bua
14
KK14
Vi tri khach san Mng thanh, s 514 Him Lam
Tiu chun so snh cc thng s o c mi trng khng kh:

TCVN 5937- 2005: Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng khng kh
xung quanh (trung bnh 1 gi).

TCVN 5938- 2005: Cht lng khng kh Nng ti a cho php
ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh.

Quyt nh ca B Y T 3733/2002/BYT- Q v cc yu t vi kh
hu v cc cht kh c hi.
TCVN 5949- 1998: m hc- ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c
mc n ti a cho php.
TCVN 5962- 2001: Rung ng v chn ng- Rung ng do cc
hot ng xy dng v sn xut cng nghip Mc n ti a cho php

i vi mi trng khu cng cng v dn c;
TCVN 7378- 2004: Rung ng- chn ng- rung ng i vi cng
trnh- mc rung gii hn v phng php nh gi.

Gi tr cui cng c nh gi theo gi tr trung bnh sau 24h. Theo tiu chun
cht lng khng kh xung quanh TCVN 5937: 2005 vi cc thng s c bn SO2,
CO2, NOx, bi l lng, bi PM10 (hm lng bi c kch thc 10 m), bi Pb
trong thnh phn ca khng kh xung quanh. Da vo gi tr cc thng s ny nh
gi cht lng khng kh xung quanh v gim st tnh trng bin ng hm lng cc
thng s khng kh trong qu trnh quan trc v gim st.
T bng kt qu trn cho thy, mc n theo tiu chun v gii hn ti a v
n cho php i vi khu vc xung quanh TCVN 5949- 1998. Cc thng s o c v
ting n v rung c o c vi cc v tr tng ng vi 14 v tr trn m bo
cc kt qu phn nh tng th v cc tc ng ca ting n v rung chn trong khu vc
nghin cu v khu dn c. Cc ch tiu ny hu ht nm trong gii hn cho php v
n ti cc khu dn c, hnh chnh, khch sn, thng mi, dch v xen k trong
khong thi gian 6h - 18h.
Hm lng bi l lng (TPS) dao ng trong khong 0,16- 0,29 mg/m 3 cao hn
so vi tiu chun (0,2 mg/m3) hu ht cc mu o c, nng bi PM10 c gi tr
dao ng trong khong 0,01- 0,09 mg/m3 khng kh, nh hn nhiu so vi gi tr cho
php trong tiu chun (0,15mg/m3). Nh vy, hm lng bi trong thnh phn khng
kh ti cc v tr c du hiu nhim. Lng bi TPS cao hn so vi tiu chun do mt
i li v giao thng vn ti ca ngi dn xung quanh. m thp cng l tc nhn
tch hp lm bi pht tn i xa. Nu xem xt v mt mi trng th y li l du hiu
LAVIC - 2009
48-
tt. Hm lng bi c pht tn i xa lm cho nng bi cc b gim. T , gim

nh cc nh hng do bi. Cn c nhng k hoch gim thiu cn thit ngay khi cha
bt u d n hm lng bi nn trong gii hn cho php.
Nng bi Pb dao ng trong khong 0,01- 0,09 g/m3, nng cc v tr
kho st ny thp hn so vi tiu chun (0,15g/m3) trong khong 1,6- 15 ln. Nng
NO2 trong khong 0,1 0,18mg/m3 thp hn hn so vi tiu chun cho php 1,5 - 5
ln. Lng CO tt c cc mu o c u thp hn so vi tiu chun cho php. Nng
SO2 nm trong khong 0,03- 0,18mg/m3 cho thy mt s v tr o c cao hn so
vi tiu chun t 1,12 1,44 ln, c bit l cc mu KK1, KK3, KK6, KK9, KK11,
KK14, cao hn so vi tiu chun (0,125mg/m3) thuc khu vc ng t ng c giao
thng nhn nhp hoc dn c tp trung ng.
Nhn xt chung:
Ti tt c cc im o, nng cc kh c trong khng kh
xung quanh (CO, NO2) u nh hn tiu chun cho php (TCCP):
- Nng CO nh hn TCCP hng chc ln (20 n 88 ln).
- Nng SO2 cao hn TCCP t 1,12 n 1,44 ln.
- Nng NO2 nh hn t 1.5 n 5 ln.
iu o chng to rng, thanh ph in Bin Phu cha bi nhim bi cac khi thai
cng nghip hoc khi thai t xe may. Thc t khao sat cung cho thy, mt xe c
trn cac tuyn ph khng ln.
2.6.2. Hin trng mi trng nc mt
Hin trng mi trng nc mt- mi trng nc mt ban u, c nh gi thng
qua cc mu c ly ti cc v tr khc nhau trn h thng sng Nm Rm, vi tri ca xa. Kt
qu th hin bng sau:
Bng 2.3. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt khu vc nghin
cu
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
CH TIU
Nhit
pH
dn in
c
Cht rn l lng
Oxy ho (COD)
Tng P
BOD5
Zn
Pb
Tng Fe
LAVIC - 2009
N V
o
C
-
NTU
mg/l
mg/l 02
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
NM1
NM2
NM3
NM4
26
6,6
238
14
102
54
2,237
35
1,835
0,024
2,739
28
6,2
342
16
115
62
2,966
40
1,782
0,045
2,443
27
6,5
316
16
123
64
2,713
45
1,749
0,0061
2,151
27
6,4
222
12
108
72
3,469
40
1,706
0,082
2,812
TCVN
5942:1995- B
5,5 n 9
10- 50
80
<35
< 25
2
0,1
2
49-
TT
CH TIU
N V
NM1
NM2
NM3
NM4
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Clorua (Cl-)
Tng cht rn hoa tan
DO
NH4
NO2
NO3
D lng Clo hu c
Du, m
Coliform
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100
ml
422,56
412
2,2
1,141
0,092
15,126
0,1198
0,105
2.400
481,34
396
1,8
1,377
0,087
13,408
0,1267
0,087
1.500
427,41
287
1,9
1,156
0,083
12,964
0,1182
0,093
1.200
443,52
440
1,6
1,966
0,082
19,482
0,0646
0,122
2.460
TCVN
5942:1995- B
>2
1
0,05
15
0,05
0,3
10.000
Ghi ch 2.3.
STT
K hiu
V tr ly mu
NM1
Sng Nm Rm, vi tri chay qua cu Thanh Binh
NM2
Nc rung oan cui ng sn bay
NM3
Nc rung oan u ng Nguyn Hu Tho, i din nha s 118, t dn

ph 04, phng Thanh Binh
NM4
Sng Nm Rm, vi tri chay qua cu A1, phia ca xa 6
3
4
Bng 2.4. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt khu vc nghin

cu
TT
CH TIU
N
V
NM5
NM6
NM7
NM8
TCVN
5942:1995- B
27
26
27
27
Nhit
pH
6,7
6,4
6,6
6,5
5,5 n 9
dn in
216
287
335
329
NTU
10
12
10
10
10- 50
Cht rn l lng
mg/l
98
91
125
117
80
Oxy ho (COD)
mg/l 02
48
50
44
42
<35
Tng P
mg/l
2,174
2,617
2,126
2,168
BOD5
mg/l
32
34
37
39
< 25
Zn
mg/l
1,759
1,814
1,894
1,906
10
Pb
mg/l
0,025
0,028
0,031
0,032
0,1
11
Tng Fe
mg/l
2,309
2,238
1,952
1,897
12
Clorua (Cl-)
mg/l
398,66
434,46
404,13
403,72
13
Tng cht rn hoa tan
mg/l
395
378
279
302
LAVIC - 2009
50-
TT
CH TIU
N
V
NM5
NM6
NM7
NM8
TCVN
5942:1995- B
14
DO
mg/l
1,8
2,1
1,9
1,8
>2
15
NH4
mg/l
1,122
1,105
1,166
1,154
16
NO2
mg/l
0,076
0,072
0,067
0,062
0,05
17
NO3
mg/l
15,235
13,823
12,447
12,463
15
18
D lng Clo hu c
mg/l
0,0864
0,0757
0,0325
0,0367
0,05
19
Du, m
mg/l
0,113
0,172
0,132
0,124
0,3
20
Coliform
MPN/1
00ml
1.700
1.950
1.400
1.650
10.000
Ghi ch 2.4.
STT
K hiu
V tr ly mu
NM5
NM6
Nc mt, oan chay qua cu Trng Km81+117,9 QL279
NM7
Sng Nm Rm, oan chay qua vi tri ca xa 11, gn cu C4
NM8
Sng Nm Rm, oan chay qua vi tri d kin t Tram x ly
Cc tiu chun mi trng p dng
TCVN 5942-1995: Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng nc mt;

Quyt nh s 09/ 2005/ Q- BYT ca B trng B Y T v Tiu chun v
sinh nc mt.
Cc mu nc ny c ly ti hin trng v c bo qun trong thng bo

qun mu linh ng trc khi c em v phn tch ti Phng th nghim. Hm
lng cc thng s cht lng nc c so snh vi gi tr gii hn cho php ca cc
thng s v nng cc cht nhim vi tiu chun TCVN 5942- 1995 tng ng vi
gi tr trong ct B. Kt qu phn tch cho thy:
Cc thng s l hc: c o c l pH, nhit , c, dn in. Gi tr
nhit ti cc mu thay i theo ma v v tr ly mu, vi thi im o lc thi tit
nng nng, gi nh nn nhit dao ng trung bnh khong 200C. Nhit c nh
hng ln n cht lng cc thng s mi trng, c bit l trong mi trng nc
mt. Nhit thay i tng - gim nh hng n hot ng chuyn ha cc hp cht
nhim trong nc, t nh hng n kh nng phn hy cc cht c ca cc cht
c kh nng gy nhim. Nhit trong thi gian phn tch kh cao, kh nng khong
ha cao, tc ng thc y s tham gia phn hy ca cc vi sinh vt trong mi trng
nc hay s gim nh nng cc cht nhim tng. Gi tr pH rt quan trng v y
l mt trong nhng thng s nh gi nhanh tnh cht ca nc mt v c th thch
LAVIC - 2009
51-
ng, ph hp vi loi cy trng hay vt nui g. Gi tr pH o c ti cc v tr u

nm trong khong cho php, ph hp vi mi trng cho hot ng sng ca cc loi
sinh vt thy sinh. v tr ly mu c nm trong gii hn cho php theo tiu
chun ct B, gi tr ny hnh thnh do qu trnh ra tri v ha tan lng ph sa trong
dng nc. dn in tt c cc mu tng ng vi gi tr trung bnh. Thng
th cc con sng, mc xo ng ca dng chy thng ln hn so vi cc dng
sui nn c v dn in c cc gi tr nh trn cng l iu phn nh theo quy
lut. Cc thng s l hc ny khng nh hng nhiu n i sng ca ng thc vt
thy sinh m i khi cn c tc ng thc y qu trnh khong ha, thc y qu
trnh phn hy cc cht nhim trong mi trng nc nn tc ng theo hng c li
trong vic gim thiu nhim.
Cc ch tiu ha hc mi trng nc: c o c l DO, TSS, BOD5, COD,
NH , NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, T-N, T-P. Cc ch tiu ny phn nh c bn nht hin trng cht
lng v mt ha hc mi trng nc. nh gi mc nhim hay kh nng t
lm sch ca ngun nc, thng s c cp n l nng O 2 ha tan, c th
c nh gi theo DO - o nhanh ti hin trng v nh gi c th da trn cc gi
tr BOD5 v COD. Theo kt qu phn tch bng Nng BOD5 cc mu gp 1,281,8 ln v hm lng COD cc v tr gp hn 1,2- 2,1 ln so vi tiu chun cho php.
Hm lng NH4+ cc mu dao ng trong khong l 1,105- 1,966 mg/l vt tiu
chun t 1,1 2 ln, cao nht l NM4nc mt trn sng Nm Rm ti vi tri chay qua
cu A1, thp nht l mu NM6- Nc mt sng Nm Rm, oan chay qua cu Trng.
Nh vy, i vi ch tiu NH4+ bc u biu hin ca nhim nc mt v thng s
ny. Hm lng ch tiu nhim NO3- u thp hn so vi tiu chun;ring mu NM4
nc ly trn sng Nm Rm vi tri chay qua cu A1 vt tiu chun 1,3 ln. Hu ht
mu c hm lng NO2- cao hn tiu chun t 1,24 1,84 ln. Cc ch tiu phn tch
khc nh T- P cc mu phn tch thp hoc ch xp x tiu chun cho php. Nh vy,
i vi cc ch tiu ha hc, hin ti, mt s ch tiu cao hn so vi tiu chun nhng
khng nhiu, cn ch n hm lng oxy ha tan BOD5, COD, cc hp cht N, TSS
c bin php qun l v iu chnh ph hp vi tiu chun cht lng nc mt
theo tiu chun cht lng nc mt c quy nh trong TCVN 5942- 1995, loi
B.
+
4
Hm lng cc KLN: hu ht cc mu u thp hn so vi tiu chun: Pb2+,

Zn2+, Cl-. Hu ht cac mu chi tiu Fe u xp xi bng hoc vt tiu chun t 1,1
n 1,4 ln. Cc ch tiu ny c xu hng tng cao trong nhng nm ti cng s tng
trng kinh t- x hi cng nh nhng nhu cu thit yu trong cuc sng. Vn t
ra l c s quan trc, o c nh k c nh gi ng n trc khi ch o v
hng dn thc hin ca cc cp, cc ngnh lin quan.
Ch tiu v mt vi sinh: trong mi trng nc mt: ch tiu ny rt quan trng,
n nh gi cht lng nc v ch tiu vi sinh hay mt ca mt s loi vi sinh d
gy cc tc ng n i sng ng vt v con ngi. S tng hay gim ca nng
cc cht nhim cn c th hin mt vi sinh vt trong nc v s xut hin
LAVIC - 2009
52-
ca mt s vi sinh ch th nhim. Ch tiu vi sinh c cp l Coliform. y l ch

th nhim c bn nht v phn nh tng i xc thc cht lng v nhim. Mt
Coliform phn tch c u thp hn so vi tiu chun t 4 - 8 ln. Cht lng nc
mt khu vc ny tng i sch v ch tiu vi sinh. Cho n thi im hin ti, ch
tiu vi sinh ca cc ngun nc mt nghin cu - ni ring v ca ngun nc mt
ni chung - c coi l sch vi sinh v cha c nhng du hiu ca nhim v mt vi
sinh.
Nhn xt chung:
Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu ha, l, sinh trn cho thy hu ht cc thng s
mi trng nc v cc cht gy nhim nm trong gii hn cho php, ch tr ch tiu
BOD5 v COD, NH4+ cao hn so vi tiu chun nhng khng nhiu. Nc mt khu
vc d an a va ang bi nhim bi con ngi ng thi co ham lng Fe kha ln .
Khng th dung ngun nc mt nay lam nc dung cho sinh hoat ( n ung va tm
git), nh ba con ia phng ang s dung.
2.6.3 Hin trng mi trng nc ngm
Qua nghin cu bo co kho st a cht thy vn v nh gi v x hi hc
cho thy ngi dn trong a bn thanh ph mt s s dng nc ging, cc h khc
ch yu l nc ma v nc sch. Do vy, vic ly mu cc v tr cc h trong khu
vc nghin cu ca d n nh gi cht lng nc ngm.
Bng 2.5 Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc
nghin cu
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
CH TIU
Nhit
pH
cng
(CaCO3)
Mu Sc
Cn tng s
As
Hg
Zn
CNCrom (VI)
Cu tng
Cd
NO3
SO4
Pb
Colifom
Fe
LAVIC - 2009
N
V
TCVN
5944-1995
(B)
NN1
NN2
NN3
NN4
C
-
20,3
7,0
20,1
6,8
20,2
6,8
20,3
6,9
6,5 - 8,5
mg/l
84
99
92
90
300 - 500
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/l
mg/l
10
314
0,002
<0,001
2,526
<0,002
0,002
1,624
0,002
34
125
0,003
0
2
16
375
0,004
<0,001
3,805
<0,002
0,006
1,718
0,003
42
175
0,005
0
2,3
8
322
0,003
<0,001
1,916
<0,002
0,002
1,734
0,006
31
137
0,002
0
3,12
6
315
0,002
<0,001
1,975
<0,002
0,004
1,688
0,005
32
158
0,002
0
2,47
5 - 50
750 - 1500
0,05
0,001
5,0
0,01
0,05
1,0
0,01
45
200 - 400
0,05
3
1-5
53-
18
19
20
Mn
Phenol
Selen
Ghi ch 2.5.
STT
1
2
3
4
K hiu
NN1
NN2
NN3
NN4
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
0,286
<0,002
0,003
0,232
0,004
0,002
0,289
<0,002
0,002
0,246
0,002
0,003
0,1 - 0,5
0,001
0,01
V tr ly mu
Nha ba ao, li vao cng ty XD va QL ng b tinh in Bin
Nhf ng Thng Ba Chi, goc chn cu A1, phia ca xa
Nha ba Th, t dn ph s 1, p. Mng Thanh
Quan n nha anh Thinh, li vao ch vi tri d kin t tram x ly
Cc tiu chun p dng trong nh gi cht lng nc ngm

- TCVN5944- 1995: Tiu chun Vit Nam v cht lng nc ngm;.
- Quyt nh 1329/ 2002/ BYT-Q: Tiu chun B Y t v cht lng nc
ung v sinh hot.

Mu nc ngm c phn tch vi cc ch tiu: pH, mu, cng, TDS,
clorua, Sulfat, nitrat, cadmi, asen, st, mangan, ng, ch, km, thu ngn, phenol,
selen, coliform c nhng nh gi v cht lng cc ngun nc chnh m ngi
dn hin ang s dng v nhng nh gi v cht lng cuc sng ca ngi dn
thng qua cc cht lng ngun nc h s dng. Theo kt qu bng 2.5, cc thng s
c tin hnh o c l cc ch tiu l - ha - sinh gim st, nh gi cht lng
ngun nc ngm.
Cc thng s v l hc nc ngm: Nhit trung bnh 200C. Gi tr pH ca
cc mu thuc nc trung tnh- hi kim, dao ng trong khong 6,8 7; mu thp
6- 16 NTU nm trong khong cho php t 5 - 50 NTU; cng ca nc nh gi
hm lng cc khong trong nc v nh gi nc thuc loi nc cng hay nc
mm. Cn tng s dao ng trong khong nng 314- 375 mg/l thp hn nhiu so
vi tiu chun cho php. T c nhng ng dng trong qu trnh cp nc cho cc
mc ch khc nhau nh n ung, cng nghip, ti tiu trong nng nghip cng
cc mu u thp hn so vi tiu chun, hm lng dao ng trung bnh khong
90mg/l; i vi ch tiu ny, nc ph hp cho tt c cc mc ch s dng. Nh vy,
cc thng s l hc trong nc ngm hin cn kh tt i vi nc cp cho mc ch
n ung cng nh cc mc ch s dng khc.
Cc thng s ha hc v ch tiu KLN: o c cc thng s Sulfat, nitrat,
cadimi, asen, st, mangan, ng, ch, km, thu ngn, phenol, selen vi nng tng
ng nh sau: Nng sunfat dao ng trong khong 125- 175 mg/l thp hn nhiu so
vi di tiu chun 200- 400mg SO42-/l, hm lng Cu2+ dao ng trong khong 1,6241,734 mgCu2+/l cao hn so vi tiu chun (1,0mg/l). Hu ht cc ch tiu v KLN thp
hn rt nhiu ln, hm lng Hg thp hn so vi TCCP v hm lng Hg
(0,001mg/lHg); Nng CN-, Pb2+, Cd, Mn, Se thp hn so vi TCCP; Nng Zn 2+
nho hn tiu chun (5,0 mg/l Zn) t 1,3 2,6 ln; Nng cc ch tiu Fe nm trong
LAVIC - 2009
54-
gii hn cho php hoc nh hn 2 ln so vi tiu chun. Ni chung, hm lng ca cc

thng s v kim loi nng o c hu ht nm trong gii hn cho php v cch kh xa
tiu chun cho php.
Ch tiu sinh hc: Ch tiu c xem xt v nh gi tiu biu l mt
Coliform. Cc mu nc ngm phn tch u c cht lng tt v mt vi sinh, cc gi
tr u thp di tiu chun gi tr cho php v ch tiu vi sinh. Mt vi sinh cc
mu khng pht hin. Tuy nhin, cn c nhng nghin cu r rng hn c th d
tnh cc hng tin trin tha ng ch tiu nhy cm ny.
Nhn xt chung:
Ti Thnh ph in Bin Ph, vn m cn b v nhn dn a
phng quan tm l nc cng. Theo kin phn nh, nc cng trong
ngun nc ang s dng cho sinh hot hin nay gy bt li cho
ngi s dng: ng cn ni hi, bnh un nc nng... hoc gy
cc bnh bu c, si thn... Nhng cc kt qu phn tch cho thy,
cng lun nh hn TCCP (kt qu o 84 n 90 mg/l; TCCP
300 mg/l). y l ngun nc d kin s c s dng cho cc trm x
l nc cp. Nh vy t cc kt qu phn tch cht lng mu nc ngm
cho thy, tuy trong nc ngm c ng nhng cha n mc phi x l.
2.6.4 Hin trng mi trng nc thi
Nh trnh by, nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph hin khng
c thu gom v x l, nc thi nh dn, c quan, x nghip, trng
hc... t thot ra cc khu t trng hoc cng rnh xung quanh.
Ngun tip nhn cui cng l cc con sui (Nm Rm... ).
( Xem phiu kt qu phn tch mu km theo )
Tiu chun so snh:
Tiu chun TCVN 5945- 2005: Nc thi cng nghip- Tiu chun thi.
Nhn xt:
Kt qu phn tch cho thy, hu ht ti cc im o, u
c nng cc cht nhim hu c vt tiu chun cho php t :
1,2 3,4 ln
-
Nng BOD t 139 n 174, vt TCCP 2,78 n 3,48 ln.
Nng COD t 216 n 305, vt TCCP 2,16 n 3,05 ln.
Cht rn l lng t 174 n 213, vt TCCP 1,74 n 2,13 ln.
Coli form t 11330 n 12540; vt TCCP 1,13 n 1,25 ln.
Tng Phosphorus t 6,10 n 6,89: xp x hoc vt TCCP

1,2 ln
LAVIC - 2009
55-
Kt lun: Nc thi ti thnh ph in Bin Ph v ang l

vn cn phi gii quyt trc khi qu mun.
Tiu chun so snh:
Tiu chun TCVN 5945- 2005: Nc thi cng nghip- Tiu chun thi.
2.6.5. Hin trng phn tch thnh phn bn t:

Mu bn t c ly mu bn t rung, hai bn b sng hoc cc khu
vc cng, rnh thot nc c lng ng li. Cc thng s nh gi cho thy mc
lng ng ca cc cht thi pht sinh t nc thi v cht thi rn di tc ng sinh
hy ca cc vi sinh vt trong nc v trong t. Mu sau khi ly mu c bo qun
trc tip ti hin trng ly mu. Cc ch tiu phn tch c tin hnh l pH KCl,
m, thnh phn c gii, SO42-, Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, T-N, T-P, tng mui, tng hu c, d
lng thuc BVTV (tr DDT). Vi phng php phn tch ho hc, sc k in, sc k
lng cao p. Kt qu nh sau:
Bng 2.6. Kt qu phn tch mu bn t lu vc nghin
cu
CH
TIU
pHKCl
26,4
14,5
9,1
32,7
28,2
24,7
22,4
14,6
xp
34,2
46,7
48,9
35,1
36,4
42,3
47,6
32,5
Ct- %
42,4
45,8
40,1
38,6
41,4
30,1
32,8
35,3
TP c
gii
St- %
10,8
21,5
20,7
19,1
23,5
22,4
27,0
22,2
Limon- %
46,8
32,7
39,2
42,3
35,1
47,5
40,2
42,5
TT
N
V
6,85
6,65
6,75
6,65
6,75
6,95
6,15
6,05
SO42-
mg/kg
245,6
228,7
233,4
225,7
286,2
212,8
357,2
484,6
Cu
mg/kg
3,446
4,554
3,186
3,164
4,723
3,804
6,862
7,182
Pb
mg/kg
1,235
1,452
1,113
1,158
1,518
1,437
2,368
2,538
10
Zn
mg/kg
5,412
5,773
6,273
4,923
5,964
5,704
7,182
8,726
11
Tng N
mg/kg
43,25
77,57
40,92
41,55
72,49
46,28
53,68
67,12
12
Tng P
mg/kg
35,54
42,75
56,67
38,46
46,93
51,77
38,46
29,96
13
Tng
mui
mg/kg
87,43
94,14
66,54
82,89
91,26
62,45
97,12
83,26
14
Tng hu
c
mg/kg
44,15
51,37
31,57
47,56
52,44
37,68
62,58
71,02
15
D lng
thuc
BVTV
mg/kg
0,0134 0,0214 0,0284 0,0148
0,0146
0,0162
0,0147
0,0175
16
Tng
Coliform
Vi
khun/
1.200
3.300
1.200
1.100
960
LAVIC - 2009
2.600
2.840
1.050
56-
va E.coli
Ghi ch 2.6.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
K hiu
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
7
8
V tr ly mu (t bn cng, t gn sng, bn t khu dn c)

Bun t tai ven sng Nm Rm, vi tri ca xa s 3
Bun t rung oan cui ng sn bay
Bn t rung oan u ng Nguyn Hu Tho
Bn t tai ven sng b sng Nm Rm, chn cu A1, phia ca xa
t tai vi tri ca xa 5
Bn t ven b sng Nm Rm, chn cu Trng Km 81+117.9
QL279
Bn t ven b sng Nm Rm, vi tri d kin t tram x ly
Bn t t mt, ven hang rao phia ngoai BV a khoa thanh ph
Tiu chun p dng trong nh gi cht lng bn t:
Tiu chun cht lng t nhim TCVN 7209 2002: Tiu chun v gii hn ti a ca mt s kim loi nng trong t.
Tiu chun cht lng t: TCVN 5297 - 1995:

Tiu chun cht lng t. Ly mu. Yu cu chung.
Tiu chun cht lng t nhm bo v cht lng t v h sinh vt sng

trong t. y l lnh vc quan trng v cht lng t nh hng nhiu n cht
lng nc ngm, cht lng lng thc... c bit l cht nhim trong t c th
di chuyn vo chui, li thc n ca ng vt v con ngi. T gy nn nhng
tc hi kh lng trc v sc khe v ging ni ca loi ngi ni ring v sinh vt
ni chung. Chng hn nh Dioxin l cht c mnh v c kh nng tch t sinh hc
v mt trong nhng cch thc n i vo c th ngi gy tc hi v di truyn l do
n c thc vt, ng vt hp thu v i vo c th ngi. Do vy vic nh gi bn
t da trn b tiu chun cht lng t l iu rt cn thit.
i vi mu bn t, gi tr nh gi chua ca bn t c ngh xem
xt l pHKCl, t thy c chua trao i trong bn t v c th d on c
cc thnh phn cht thi xung h thng cc con sng. Gi tr pHKCl cho thy tt c
cc mu pHKCl u thuc loi chua nh, dao ng trong khong 6,05 - 6,95, cao hn rt
nhiu so vi gi tr thng thy t ph sa, gi tr trung bnh trong khong 6,60. Nh
vy, hm lng cc cht x thi ra sng vi hm lng cht hu ln nhng trong hm
lng bn thi li khng ln, iu cho thy hm lng cht hu c ny b cun tri
theo dng nc hoc kh phn hy. m ca cc mu c khc nhau, mu dao
ng khong 9,10- 32,7%; thnh phn bn cc mu ny ch yu l thnh phn cc
cht hu c do l cc v tr gn ni x thi cht thi rn sinh hot ca ngi dn.
Thng trong nng nghip, ngi dn vn s dng ngun nc thi v bn cng, ph
sa ca cc con sng b sung hm lng cc cht hu c, mn v dinh dng cho
LAVIC - 2009
57-
cy trng. m ca thnh phn bn cng cao hay thnh phn hu c cng ln th

vic s dng ngun bn thi ny nh mt bin php thng dng b sung cht dinh
dng v ci thin thnh phn c gii trong canh tc nng nghip.
V thnh phn c gii cng l mt trong nhng ch tiu nh gi v la chn
ca ngi dn. Trong thc t, ngi nng dn khng th s dng cc phng php
nh trong phng th nghim nh gi thnh phn c gii t m ch c th nh gi
nhanh da vo mu sc hay nhng kinh nghim dn gian nh lm t t, v hnh tr
v cun trn kim tra s b tnh mn ca thnh phn cp ht. Mc d vy, nhng
nh gi s b cng t ra kh hiu qu h c th la chn cy trng hay phng
thc trong canh tc. Theo cch phn loi chung ca cc loi t: t ct: 85% ct,
10% limon v 5% st; t tht:45% ct, 40% limon v 15% st; t st:25% ct, 30%
limon v 45% st. Cc cp ht 08 mu bn t cho thy % ca cp ht ct v limon
l tng ng nhau, khong giao ng t 30,1 47,5%, cp ht st dao ng khong
10,8 - 27% in hnh cho t tht mang cht ph sa. i vi loi bn t ny, nu cc
ch tiu v kim loi nng nm trong gii hn cho php th c th s dng rt hu hiu
b sung, ci thin ng k v thnh phn cc cht dinh dng cho t trong canh
tc nng nghip.
Cc ch tiu quy nh trong tiu chun v gii hn ti a ca mt s kim loi
nng trong t thp hn nhiu so vi gi tr cho php theo tiu chun TCVN 7209 1995 quy nh cho hm lng Cu, Fe, Zn tng ng vi cc gi tr cho php 100, 200,
300 mg/kg hay ppm. Cc gi tr phn tch trong bng 2.6, t mu 1- 8 cho thy cc
ch tiu v kim loi nng thp hn nhiu so vi tiu chun. Cc ch tiu ny cho n
thi im hin ti cha c du hiu ca s nhim hay tch ly cc kim loi nng
trong mi trng bn t cc lng sng sui khu vc nghin cu.
Ngoi ra cn c th nh gi t nhim theo cc ch tiu ha hc. C th l
da vo hm lng ca cc hp cht nit sinh ra trong qu trnh phn hy cc hp cht
hu c cha m. Nng tng Nit, T- N dao ng trong khong 40,92 77,57
mg/kg v hm lng tng Phtpho dao ng trong khong 29,96 56,67 mg/kg, so
vi hm lng cc ch tiu ny trong t l thp. Bn t cc v tr ny cha c biu
hin nhim cht hu c, nht l cc cht m ng vt v m tn d trong qu trnh
canh tc nng nghip.
Ch tiu v nhim ha cht BVTV, vi sinh vt cng c cp n nh
nhng ch th nhim tiu biu cho ngun nc, t v cc ha cht s dng trong
sinh hot v canh tc ca ngi dn cng d n. Nhng ngi nhim c ha cht
BVTV thng b au u, chng mt, nga da, cay mt, mt mi... C th k thm
hng lot triu chng ca vic nhim c ho cht BVTV: run tay, t tay, au bng,
bun nn, ri lon tiu ha, ri lon gic ng, au xng khp, vim hng, kh th,
vim ph qun, nhn m. Do , ch tiu ny c xem xt v cp n nh nhng
ch tiu khng th thiu.
LAVIC - 2009
58-
Trong cc mu phn tch, hu ht cc c hm lng d lng ha cht bo v

thc vt xp x hoc cao hn khng nhiu so vi gii hn cho php. Do vy, c th cho
rng, bn t bt u c du hiu b nhim i vi ch tiu ha cht BVTV ny.
Nhn xt
Cht lng bn t khu vc d n c cc thng s in hnh ca loi t ph sa
v thnh phn c gii, cc ch tiu l hc, ha hc v d lng thuc bo v thc vt,
kim loi nng ca t khng cao, hm lng mt s kim loi nng t tiu chun cho
php trong quy inh ca tiu chun gii hn cho php ca mt s kim loi nng trong
t TCVN 7209 - 2002 i vi t s dng cho mc ch cng nghip; Cc ha cht
BVTV ti cc v tr nghin cu cha c du hiu nhim. Tuy nhin, hin trng s
dng thuc bo v thc vt c s dng ngy cng ph bin trong sn xut nng, lm
nghip nn nhng nh hng lu di n con ngi v mi trng(khng kh, t,
nc, ngthc vt) lun tim tng, nht l cc loi ha cht BVTV c ngun gc t
Trung Quc. Nh vy, hu nh cc ch tiu l- ha ca bn t cc lng sng v
bn thi cc cng thot hu nh cha c du hiu nhim ti thi im hin ti.
KT LUN CHUNG
-
Thanh ph in Bin Phu ang trn pht trin, h s mt ph tng, lu

lng dng chy tng, cng vi din bin phc tp ca thi tit dn n vic
qu ti ca ng ng hin c, gy ngp lt;
H thng ng giao thng c m rng v pht trin, cc cng trnh xy

dng h tng c s, cp nc c xy dng, nng cp, trong khi h thng
thot nc cn cha c u t v quan tm ng mc;
Trong qu trnh th ho, cng tc qun l h thng thot nc cn cha ng

b, cha c s phi hp cht ch gia cc ban ngnh, dn n tnh trng chng
cho gy cn tr ln nhau, thm ch c c quan khng chuyn ngnh vn thit
k cng thot nc, dn n nhng hn ch v bt hp l ca mt s tuyn
cng thot nc;
Mt s khu vc ca thanh ph h thng cng thot nc xung cp, khng

p ng c yu cu;
Cng tc u ni ca cng thot nc trong nh vo h thng cng thot nc

chung cha c quan tm ng mc, dn n mt s cng khng thu gom
c nc thi t cc h dn;
Dn tr v nhn thc ca ngi dn cha cao, vic x nc, rc thi v cht thi
rn sinh hot tu tin gy tc nghn dng chy trong cng thot nc, gim
hiu qu cha nc v nng lc thot nc ca cc tuyn cng.
Cht lng nc sng tuy hin nay ch b nhim hu c nh (gi tr BOD5,

COD, NH4+ , NO2- cao hn TCCP 1,1- 2 ln). Nu c bin php phng nga, x
l s b v thu gom x l theo ch o chung ca Thanh ph th cht lng
LAVIC - 2009
59-
nc sng s gim ng k trong thi gian ti, khi qu trnh th ha pht

trin mnh.
-
Nc thi cha c x l x trc tip vo mi trng v ang gy nhim

mi trng vi cc ch tiu TSS, BOD5, COD, T-P, coliform, nht l nhng khu
vc dn c, ch, bnh vin gy nh hng n nc mt v nc ngm.
Mi trng khng kh hin ang c du hiu nhim bi cc thng s nh bi

l lng, SO2, tng hydrocacbon do cc hot ng i li, giao thng vn ti, sinh
hot, cng nghip, nng nghip cng nh cc hot ng xy dng h tng c
s
Hin trng h thng thot nc v x l nc thi cn hn ch lm ng nc

thi, cht thi, do , gy nhim mi trng. Mi trng c du hiu nhim: khng
kh, nc mt, nc thi; T , tim tng cc nguy c i vi mi trng v sc khe
cng ng. ng thi trong tng lai in Bin Ph c cng nhn l th loi II,
tng xng vi v tr chin lc ca mnh, thnh ph cn c xy dng h thng
thu gom v x l nc thi, ci to, no vt v k mi mt s mng thot nc chnh
ca thnh ph. Nh vy, d n thot nc thu gom v x l nc thi thnh ph in
Bin Ph rt cn thit v cp bch, p ng nhu cu v s mong mi ca ngi dn
cng nh lnh o thnh ph nhm ci thin cc iu kin v sinh mi trng, m
bo cho s pht trin bn vng ca thnh ph, ca tnh cng nh ca khu vc
LAVIC - 2009
60-
CHNG III
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
D n xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi
thnh ph in Bin Ph, t thn n l mt d n ci to mi trng. Tc ng chung ca ton b d n l tch cc v s l mt bc
t ph trong cng tc bo v mi trng thng qua h thng thot
nc, thu gom v x l nc thi tng i hon chnh.
H thng thu gom v x l nc thi s khc phc tnh trng
nhim mi trng v ang l vn nhc nhi, to ln mt b
mt th mi khang trang, sch p.
Nc thi c thu gom v x l trc khi x ra mi trng s gp
phn tr li cho mi trng nc, ngun ti nguyn v cng qu gi, s
trong sch vn c ca n.
D n xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi,
gp phn nng cao mc sng, nng cao thc bo v mi trng
ca nhn dn. c bit, vi thnh ph in Bin Ph, ni c kh
hu trong lnh v cnh quan thin nhin v cng ti p, th vic
u t d n ny cng c ngha.
Trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t, vn mi trng ngy
cng c quan tm, s u t cho d n ny l bc i ng hng
ca in Bin, ph hp vi xu th pht trin bn vng Vit Nam v
trn ton th gii.
3.1. NGUN, I TNG, QUY M GY TC NG
3.1.1. Ngun gy tac ng
3.1.1.1. Ngun gy tac ng trong qua trinh giai phong mt bng va thi cng xy
dng
-
Cc tc ng t vic cht b cy ci trn phn t d kin

xy dng trm x l nc thi
Cc tc ng do vic o, p t phc v qu trnh thi

cng xy dng trm x l nc thi & cc trm
bm
trung
chuyn.
-
Cc tc ng do vic o lng ng, o sn nh, va h,

lp t ng cng thot nc.
3.1.1.2. Ngun gy tac ng trong qua trinh vn hanh h thng thoat nc

-
Cc cht thi rn (cn bn t qu trnh x l nc thi, rc sinh
LAVIC - 2009
61-
hot ca cng nhn vn hnh trm x l ); cht thi lng (nc

thi sau qu trnh x l, kh thi t sn cha bn).
-
Nguy c gy v, r r ng cng thot nc.
Nguy c c s c hng hc k thut ca cc trm x l dn

n cht lng nc thi khng t yu cu.
.
3.1.2. i tng gy tc ng
i tng chu tc ng ca d n c xc nh l cc thnh phn mi trng
trong khu vc d n: mi trng t, nc, khng kh, vi sinh vt, cng ng dn c.
Bng 3.1. Ngun v i tng chu tc ng ca d n.
ST
T
I
Ngun tc ng
Cc tc ng c th
i tng chu tc ng
Xy dng mi h thng thot ring nc ma v nc thi
- Gii phng mt bng

- o
ng,
t
ng ng thot nc,
xy dng cc trm
bm.
- Chuyn ch cc loi
bn t, gch... n ni
thi
- Pht sinh cht thi rn - i sng ca nhn dn

xy dng v ca cng nhn trong v quanh khu vc
- Gy nhim mi trng; thi cng.
- Cn tr giao thng, sinh - Cc tuyn ng ang
hot ca c dn dc cc thi cng;
tuyn ng thi cng.
- Cc h kinh doanh dch v;
- Ngp lt cc b;
- Tai nn giao thng;
- Nguy c d r, chy n
- Tp kt nguyn, nhin
vt liu n khu vc thi

cng.
II
- Ngi tham gia giao

thng khu vc thi cng
- Cng nhn trc tip thi
cng, mi trng t,
nc, khng kh, nhn
dn xung quanh khu vc
d n.
Xy dng trm bm nc thi

- Gii phng mt bng;
- Tp kt nguyn, nhin
vt liu cho qu trnh
thi cng;
LAVIC - 2009
- Thu hi t ai xy - H sinh thi khu vc

dng khu x l;
xy dng cc trm
bm nc thi.
- Kh thi, bi, ting n pht
sinh trong qu trnh vn - Tc ng n khng
chuyn VLXD, thi cng;
kh bi khi bi, kh
thi ca cc phng
tin vn chuyn.
62-
ST
T
Ngun tc ng
Cc tc ng c th
i tng chu tc ng
- Sc kho ca cng
nhn trc tip thi
cng, vn hnh, k s
thi cng
IV
Xy dng trm x l nc thi

- Gii phng mt bng
- Thu hi t ai xy
dng khu x l;
- H sinh thi khu vc

xy dng trm x l;
chuyn cht thi;
- Kh thi, bi, ting n pht
- Tp kt nguyn, nhin
sinh trong qu trnh vn

chuyn;
- Mi trng khng kh
b tc ng bi khi bi,
kh thi ca cc phng
tin vn chuyn;
- Hot ng vn
vt liu cho qu trnh

thi cng;
- Sc kho ca cng
nhn trc tip thi cng,
vn hnh, k s thi cng;
- Mi trng t, nc,
khng kh, dn c xung
quanh khu vc d n;
V
Cng ngh x l nc thi

- Cht lng nc sau x l;
VI
Ngun tip nhn sau

khi x l;
i sng ca cng
ng dn c;
H sinh thi, cc
thnh phn mi
trng;
Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr khc

- Sinh hot ca Cn b
v nhn vin ti khu thi
cng v xy dng;
- Hot ng vn hnh
trm x l;
- Pht sinh cht thi rn sinh

hot, nc thi;
- Mi trng nc,
khng kh;
- Nguy c pht tn bnh

dch l, t nn x hi trong
cng ng dn c;
- Cng ng dn c
trong khu vc d n;
- C th xy ra cc nguy c
v xung t trong cc cng
LAVIC - 2009
63-
ST
T
Ngun tc ng
Cc tc ng c th
i tng chu tc ng
ng dn c;
3.1.3. Quy m b tc ng ca d n:
Trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng:

Quy m tc ng trong giai on ny khng ln do ch thu hi
t xy dng trm x l nc thi. Cc tc ng t vic ly t
cng khng ng k do din tch t cn thu hi t ( khong hn
3 ha). Trn din tch t hin hu khng c dn c.
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng:

Quy m tc ng trong qu trnh xy dng h thng thot nc tng i rng, v trong qu trnh ny phi o p lp
t ng cng thot gy nh hng n giao thng & cc sinh
hot khc ca hu ht dn c thnh ph in Bin Ph ( ng cng
thot nc c u ni t tng nh dn ra h thng thot nc tiu
khu, n trm bm trung chuyn ri v trm x l nc thi).
Trong qu trnh vn hnh:

Khi h thng thu gom nc thi gp s c, tc ng trc tip
lm nc thi trn ngc v ni xut pht gy mi hi thi hoc tc
nghn, trn ngp cng rnh mt s khu vc cc b, tc l phm vi
nh hng khi b tc nghn khng bao trm ton b thnh ph.
Quy m tc ng s phm vi rng nu trm x l nc thi xy
ra s c, khi nc thi b ng ton b, cc s c ny c th l
hng hc my mc vn hnh, hoc mt khu no trong qu
trnh x l cha t yu cu, khi cht lng nc thi sau x l
khng t tiu chun mi trng, lm nh hng n cht lng nc
mt sng Nm Rm , ni tip nhn cui cng ca h thng x l nc
thi thnh ph in Bin Ph.
3.2. NH GI TC NG CNG NGH LA CHN
Ging nh tm im ca mt cng trnh, vic la chn cng ngh l mt trong
nhng im mu cht khi d n c trnh ln cc Cp, cc Ngnh chc nng. Do
, y l yu t c th ni l quyt nh n thnh cng ca d n. Cng ngh cp
n trong la chn h thng thot nc v cng ngh x l trong trm x l nc thi.
3.2.1. H thng thot nc ma v nc thi
Ngc li vi qu trnh phn phi nc sch, h thng thu gom nc
LAVIC - 2009
64-
thi s a nc thi t cc h dn v trm x l. Tc ng mi trng

c th ca h thng thu gom nc thi l ng ng dn rt d b
tc khi nc thi c cha rc hoc cc tp cht c hc kch thc ln.
Cn lu rng, tng chiu di ca h thng thu gom ln n
hng chc km, phn ln nm di lng t nn vic tm ra ni c s
c khng d dng. Khi b tc nghn, nc thi s ng, trn ngc
dng v gy nhim mi trng.
ng ng dn nc thi cng c nguy c b v bi cc tc ng
c hc (o ng hay xy dng nh ca). Khi , nc thi s trn
ra v lm nhim mi trng xung quanh. Vn ny cn ht sc
lu c trong giai on xy dng cng nh khi vn hnh h thng.
3.2.2. Trm bm nc thi
-
a nc thi t cc khu dn c v trm x l: 5 trm bm

chuyn tip c xy dng ti thnh ph in Bin Ph.
C 5 trm bm u chuyn tip u c v tr tng i gn
khu dn c. V tr xy dng khng c nhiu la chn v phi ph

thuc vo tuyn cng thu gom. Cc tc ng mi trng x th xy
ra l ting n v mi hi. Tuy nhin cc tc ng ny khng ln v c
th khc phc bng cc gii php n gin. Cc gii php ny s c cp n trong chng 4 - Cc gii php gim thiu cc tc
ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng.
3.2.3. Trm x l nc thi
V tr trm x l
-
Tng cng sut x l nc thi d kin cho thnh ph in Bin

Ph giai on 1 (n nm 2015) l: 10.000 m3/ng.
Trm x l nc thi t ti khu t ngoi thnh thuc x Bn

Ten B.
Trm x l c nhng u im v nhc im nh sau:
u im:
Tha mn cc tiu ch v khong cch ly vi cc khu dn
c. Trm x l khng nm trong khu dn c tp trung. Xung
quanh khu vc d nh xy dng trm x l khng c
dn c, khong cch n nh dn gn nht trn 500 m.
Tha mn tiu ch v v tr a l: Nm cui hng gi
so vi khu dn c. V tr ny, cng vi iu kin thun li
na l trm x l nm gia khu rung trng, nn mi t
LAVIC - 2009
65-
qu trnh x l nc thi s c khuch tn nhanh chng.

Cc nh hng n mi trng khng kh s c hn ch
n mc thp nht.
-
Nhc im:
Trm x l nm xa khu dn c tp trung nn vic a nc thi t
khu dn c n trm x l gp kh khn khi qung ng vn

chuyn kh di. Cc kh khn ny khng ch ny sinh khi xy dng
m cn xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh, c th l:
Phi xy dng cc trm bm chuyn tip, dn n kinh
ph xy dng v vn hnh tng.
Kinh ph xy dng tuyn ng trung chuyn nc thi
tng.
D tc ng ng.
Kinh ph bo hnh cao.
Khi c s c tc nghn hay v ng ng, kh pht hin
chnh xc v tr.
Cng ngh x l
Cc kt qu o c cho thy nc thi sinh hot thnh ph in
Bin Ph ang b nhim cht hu c vi nng kh cao. Cc
kho st thc t (nh trnh by trong chng hin trng mi trng)
cng cho thy, vn nhim nc thi sinh hot tr nn ng
bo ng thnh ph in Bin Ph.
Nhim v t ra l phi x l nc thi t tiu chun (TCVN
5945 2005, ct B) trc khi x ra mi trng. Ch tiu quan trng
nht xc nh nc thi sau x l t tiu chun cho php l
BOD5 nh hn 50 mg/l.
Dy chuyn cng ngh x ly nc thai thanh ph in Bin Phu:
Song
chn
rc
Ngn
tip
nhn
M t cng ngh:
B
lng
ct
ngang
Mng
x ly
sinh hc
B
lng
th cp
X ra
sng
Nm
Rm
Trn
Clo
hot
tnh
B
tip
xc
u tin, nc thi c a qua song chn rc loi b cc tp

cht th. Sau c a qua b lng ngang. Ti y, ct, t s
LAVIC - 2009
66-
c lng xung y v loi b. Nc thi tip tc c a sang mng

x l sinh hc. y l ni quan trng nht x l nc thi. C ch
hot ng ca mng sinh hc nh sau:
-
Pha trn mng sinh hc, cc vi sinh vt hiu kh hot ng,

dng cc cht hu c trong nc thi lm ngun dinh dng.
Pha di h, ni c nng xy tng i thp, l s hot

ng ca cc vi khun ym kh, cng dng cc cht hu c
trong nc thi lm ngun dinh dng.
Khi dng chy i qua h sinh hc, cc hot ng ca vi sinh

vt him kh lc u ln hn, cng v sau, cng nhng ch
cho hot ng ca vi sinh vt ym kh.
Vi khun cung cp cho qu trnh x l l bn hot tnh, lng bn

hot tnh s lun c duy tr mc va x l nc thi.
Sau khi ra khi mng x l sinh hc, nc thi c a sang h
lng th cp loi b bn d. Nc trong c a sang b kh

trng. Mt lng Clo thch hp s c a vo nc th kh trng, loi
b coliform v cc vi khun gy bnh trc khi thi ra mi trng. Nc
sau x l t tiu chun loi B, TCVN 5945-2005.
u im ca cng ngh x l nc thi p dng cho thnh ph
in Bin Ph
-
y l cng ngh x l thuc loi n gin nht, d vn hnh

v d bo dng, khng i hi cn b vn hnh phi c trnh
chuyn mn cao.
Tc nhn ch yu trong qu trnh x l l vi sinh vt, thch

hp x l nc thi sinh hot.
Thnh ph in Bin Ph l ni t cn tng i rng nn

vic xy dng chui h sinh hc khng lm nh hng n
qu t xy dng ca thnh ph.
Nhc im ca cng ngh x l nc thi p dng cho thnh

ph in Bin Ph:
-
Do qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c ca vi sinh vt ym

kh, cc hp cht H2S, CH4 c sinh ra c th gy mi kh chu
cho khu vc xung quanh nu khong cch ly khng ln.
Qu trnh x l nc bng bin php sinh hc khng bao gi

din ra hon ton, do nc thi khng th sch trit .
LAVIC - 2009
67-
3.3. NH GI TC NG N CC THNH PHN MI TRNG

Phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng c s dng trong bo co ny
da trn cc phng php sau:
Phng php thng k: Thu thp v x l s liu kh tng, thu vn, kinh
t, x hi vng thc hin d n.
Phng php nh gi nhanh: Nhm tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim

t cc hot ng ca d n.
Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th

nghim nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng mi trng.
Phng php so snh nhm nh gi cc tc ng trn c s h thng tiu

chun mi trng do B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh.
T cc nh gi trn c th xc nh cc tc ng c th xy ra khi d n i vo
thc thi. Mc ch ca bc ny l ch ra cc tc ng tim tng m vic thc thi d n
c th mang li, tm hiu nguyn nhn v d bo din bin ca tc ng cng nh
khuyn ngh cc bin php phng nga v x l thch hp c th gim thiu ti a
cc tc ng bt li n mi trng v i sng c dn vng d n.
D n l mt hot ng ci thin mi trng, cc tc ng ch yu ca ton b
d n l cc tc ng tch cc. y l mt trong nhng bc nn mng trong cng tc
bo v mi trng thng qua vic hon chnh h thng thot nc ma v nc thi,
xy dng trm x l nc thi cho khu vc thanh ph, tng bc nng cao nhn thc
cng ng v ci thin iu kin v sinh nng thn trong thi gian ti.
Cng tc gio dc truyn thng thng qua cc Hi ph n, thanh nin ti cc
phng , xa nhm thay i hnh vi, thi quen v sinh, ci thin sc kho cng ng v
nng cao nng lc, kh nng ca cng ng v cc c quan a phng khu vc d n
l iu rt cn thit. iu ny s gp phn pht huy tt nht li ch ca d n v m
bo d n c thc hin bn vng. Trong qu trnh hi nhp nh ngy nay, vn
mi trng ngy cng c quan tm. D n ny c trin khai l mt bc ng
n v thit thc, ph hp vi xu th pht trin bn vng Vit Nam cng nh trn
ton th gii.
Vic nh gi tc ng mi trng s nh gi theo tng giai on ca d n
c ci nhn chung nht cc tc ng tng hp i vi cc i tng chu tc ng
trc khi d n c xt duyt trong giai on gii phng mt bng, giai on thi cng
v chuyn giao cng ngh trong giai on vn hnh.
Giai on 1 : Giai on gii phng mt bng
Bc khi u ca mt cng trnh u c cc Ch u t ch trc tin.
N khng ch l trong quan nim m n cn c th hin hiu qu thc t. y l
cng on u tin v thit yu ca tt c cc cng trnh. Giai on ny gp phn thc
y hoc km hm tin thi cng ca cc hng mc cng trnh.
LAVIC - 2009
68-
Gii quyt tho ng yu cu cho dn c a phng ti khu vc b thu hi t

(thu hi tm thi hoc thu hi vnh vin), khng ch l vn ti chnh m cn l
vn thay i thi quen sinh hot, phng thc kim sng... nn cn c phng n
hn ch thp nht s h phi di chuyn v cn tnh ton hp l n kh nng ti nh
c, to iu kin cho cc h nm trong din phi di chuyn c cc c hi to ra thu
nhp v mc sn xut trc khi c d n l nhng vn khng nh i vi vic thc
thi cc d n.
Cc hng mc cng trnh chnh l h thng thot nc ma, nc thi, trm x
l nc thi v cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr. Nhng din tch t thu hi tm thi
cho vic tp kt cc nguyn vt liu hoc thu hi vnh vin cho thi cng cc hng mc
cng trnh cng cn quan tm v quan tm trit , thc y tin cng vic v ng
lc cng nh tit kim thi gian, cng sc cho cc giai on tip theo.i vi cng tc
gii phng mt bng, cc tc ng mi trng ch l nhng tc ng vt l. Th nn,
cng tc ny khng gp nhiu kh khn v nhn c s ng tnh, ng h ca ngi
dn khu vc d n.
Giai on 2 : Giai on thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh
y l giai on ng quan tm nht ca hu ht tt c cc cng trnh, kt qu
cng trnh sau khi thi cng khng nh s ng cp ca ch u t, hiu bit ca
chuyn gia thit k, kinh nghim ca nh thu thi cng v ci th hin quan trng nht
l s hon thin ca cng trnh v thi gian, s lng v cht lng cng trnh
trong tng hng mc cng trnh . Chnh v vy, giai on ny c nhng tc ng
mnh m nht n mi trng v con ngi, c bit l cng nhn trc tip thi cng v
nhng ngi dn trong khu vc d n. Vic nh gi cc tc ng ny gip cho nh
thu thi cng c nhng bin php gim thiu v hn ch cc tc ng tiu cc, hn ch
ti a cc tc ng n sc khe v cht lng mi trng xung quanh cng nh
ngi dn, h sinh thi trong khu vc thi cng.
Bng 3.2. Cc hot ng tim n trong giai on thi cng
Cc hot ng
c bn
Mi trng b
nh hng
Kiu tc ng c trng
1. Ci to v xy dng mi h thng cng thot nc ma v nc thi

Ci to v xy
mi h thng
thot nc ma,
h thng thot
nc thi
t o bi, vt liu xy dng v vt

liu ph lp trn cc tuyn ng thi cng.
M quan
Tp kt vt liu v u xe trn cc tuyn

ng thi cng.
Vn chuyn vt liu.
nhim khng
bi, cht c hi
Hot ng gii to mt bng, ph d va

h.
Cc kh thi t cc phng tin vn
LAVIC - 2009
69-
Cc hot ng
c bn
Mi trng b
nh hng
Kiu tc ng c trng
chuyn v thi cng (SOx, NOx, CO, CO2)
Hot ng o mng, rnh lp t ng
nc gy bi
Cht tr t v cc vt liu xy dng
pht sinh bi.
nhim ting n
Rung
Hot ng ph d va h, ct v o lng
ng.
Hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng
(my xc, my i...)
Ct ng, o t trong phng php o.
Kch ng trn mt on ng di.
Bn t v vt liu o p b ra tri, du
m r r t cc phng tin thi cng.

nhim nc mt
t ct trong qu trnh thi cng xm nhp

vo h thng thot nc.
Nc ngp tho ra t cc ng cng o.
Ngp lt
Trong qu trnh thi cng c th gy ra ngp

lt cc b khi khng b tr hp l cc tuyn
thot nc kp thi.
S dng mt phn ng VLXD;
Giao thng
Cng trng ang thi cng;

Tng mt giao thng trn cc tuyn thi
cng cc hng mc cng trnh;
Nguy him cho cng nhn khi o h ga,
cng, ng ng.
An ton v sc
kho cng ng
Khi bi v ting n pht tn c th nh

hng n sinh hot trn cc tuyn ng
thi cng.
Gy tc nghn giao thng.
Cc s c tim n
LAVIC - 2009
Tai nn giao thng trn ng b.

70-
Cc hot ng
c bn
Mi trng b
nh hng
Kiu tc ng c trng
S c khi lp t ng ng.
No vt v ci
to h thng
cng, rnh hin
c
nh hng n cn quan khu vc;

Cnh quan
Gy ngp lt cc b;
nh hng n sinh hot v kinh doanh ca
ngi dn;
nhim khng kh
Mi pht sinh t nc thi v bn thi;

Cc kh c thot ra t cng thot;
nhim mi
trng nc
Nc thi, bn thi b y ra sng, rch;
nhim mi
trng t
Cht hu c;
An ton lao ng
Qu trnh lu tr, vn chuyn v thi;
Cc KLN (nu c);

Tai nn lao ng;
Bnh ngh nghip;
2. Xy dng trm bm chuyn tip nc thi v trm x l nc thi
Tp kt cng
nhn ti cc ln
tri
Gia tng mt giao thng trn cc tuyn

ng.
X hi
Kch cu v th trng hng ho ti a

phng.
An ninh v cc vn x hi khc.
Nc
Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn.
Cht thi rn ca cng nhn.
Khng kh
Chun b cc
tin ch phc v
qu trnh thi
cng (in,
nc, thng tin)
Pht quang
LAVIC - 2009
Kh pht sinh t khu vc nu n.

Kh thi t cc ngun nhim .
X hi
Pht sinh cc nhu cu v in, nc, cc c

s h tng khc.
H sinh thi ng,
Cy ci b cht ph.
71-
Cc hot ng
c bn
chun b mt
bng cho trm
bm nc thi
Mi trng b
nh hng
thc vt
Ti nguyn sinh vt b hu dit trong phm

vi pht quang.
Cnh quan
Ph v cnh quan.
Ting n
Cc s c
Tp kt vt liu
xy dng v cc
phng tin thi
cng n mi
trng.
Kiu tc ng c trng
Hot ng ca phng tin pht quang.

Hot ng ca phng tin vn chuyn.
Tai nn trong pht quang.
Cc s c ri ro (Chy, n, ln...).
Bin ng gi c hng ho;
X hi
Thc y lu thng v tiu th hng ha;.

Tng mt giao thng;
H sinh thi, ngthc vt
Bi ph thc vt lm gim kh nng quang

hp.
Hu dit ti nguyn sinh vt trong phm vi
tp kt vt liu.
Cc s c tim n
Tai nn giao thng ng b.
H hng ng x.
Nc
S c, ri ro trn ng thu (trn du, trn

vt liu, va chm...)
Vt liu b chy, tri vng tip gip vi
nc.
Kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn.
Khng kh
Bi nguyn vt liu pht tn trong qu trnh

tp kt nguyn vt liu.
ng nguyn vt liu.
Ting n
LAVIC - 2009
Hot ng ca cc phng tin vn

chuyn.
72-
Cc hot ng
c bn
San lp mt
bng
Mi trng b
nh hng
Cnh quan
Cc s c tim n
H sinh thi, ngthc vt
t
Kiu tc ng c trng
Cnh quan b ph v.
Tai nn lao ng;
Tai nn giao thng;
Hu dit ti nguyn sinh vt do qu trnh san
lp mt bng.
Thay i cu trc b mt;
Thay i mc ch s dng;
Kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn;
Khng kh
Bi nguyn, vt liu b pht tn trong qu
trnh san lp;

Lng ng bn ct;
Nc
Nguyn vt liu b ra tri v lan truyn
nc bn;
ng nguyn, vt liu.
Ting n
Chun b nn
mng
Khng kh
Hot ng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn,

cu, m, nn, my xc... t .
Kh thi t cc phng tin thi cng nn
mng.
Bi t o p, bi nguyn liu b pht tn.
ng vt liu.
Ting n
Vn chuyn ca cc phng tin vn ti.

Hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng p,
dm, nn t.
Cu trc nn t b thay i.
Vt liu v t b ra tri
Nc
Lan truyn nc bn
Nc s dng v nc thi trong qu trnh
thi cng nn mng.
LAVIC - 2009
73-
Cc hot ng
c bn
Mi trng b
nh hng
Cht thi rn xy
dng
Cc s c tim n
Xy dng cc
hng mc cng
trnh chnh ti
trm bm tng
p v trm x l
nc thi
Kiu tc ng c trng
Cht thi rn nguy hi.
Bao b cc loi st, thp, nha...
Tai nn giao thng
Cc kh nng gy chy n.
Kh thi t cc phng tin thi cng ng
cc, cc btng.
Khng kh
Bi t o p, bi nguyn liu b pht tn

t qu trnh lp t ng ng, cng, xy lp
cc hng mc cng trnh.
Vn chuyn ca cc phng tin vn ti.
Ting n
Hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng xy

dng cc hng mc cng trnh.
Cu trc nn t b thay i.
Vt liu v t b ra tri
Nc
Lan truyn nc bn
Nc s dng v nc thi trong qu trnh
thi cng cc cng trnh.
Cht thi rn xy
dng
Cht thi rn nguy hi (Du nht, cc loi

ho cht).
Bao b cc loi st, thp, nha...
Tai nn giao thng
Cc s c tim n
Cc kh nng gy chy n.
S c lp t cc ng ng, bm...
Giai on 3 : Giai on vn hnh trm bm, h thng thu gom, vn chuyn

nc thi v trm x l nc thi
Sau khi d n hon thin v i vo hot ng, cng on vn hnh cn c
ra vi cc bin php gim thiu khi vn hnh trm x l. nh gi thy c vn ,
suy lun gii thch cho cc nguyn nhn ca vn v la chn hng gii
quyt hu hiu v thn thin nht i vi mi trng v ngi dn- ngi m c
LAVIC - 2009
74-
hng li t d n. Vn khng ch l vn hnh tt, thun tin hay n gin ti a

cc cng on i vi nhng k s v nhn vin iu hnh trm x l m n cn t
ti mc tiu l pht trin bn vng v trong khi vn hnh th cng trnh cn t c
tnh thn mi trng. y cng l mc tiu ca cc cng trnh khc v l mc tiu
pht trin v pht trin bn vng nh xu th pht trin ngy nay trn ton th gii.
nh gi cc nh hng ca qu trnh chun b, thc thi d n v khi
trm x l i vo hot ng n con ngi v mi trng, cn nh gi nh
hng n cht lng cc thnh phn mi trng cng nh cc yu t kinh t x hi, sinh thi trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng, thi cng v khi d n i
vo vn hnh.
3.3.1. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh
3.3.1.1. Giai on gii phng mt bng
i vi giai on gii phng mt bng, bi sinh ra ch yu do qu trnh pht
quang cy c, bi rm Cc tc ng chnh n mi trng bi cc tc nhn nh bi,
ting n, cc cht kh c hi t cc phng tin tham gia thi cng.
nhng hng mc xy mi tuyn cng, ng thot v khu trm x l nc thi,
mt s tuyn cng sn c khu vc ni th c c tn dng, sa cha li v b sung
thm phn thiu th qu trnh chun b khng c nhng tc ng ng k n hm
lng bi pht sinh. Phn xy mi l chnh, thng c tin hnh xy dng h thng
thot nc c thi cng trn va h cc tuyn ng .Cc tuyn thi cng u nm
trong khu vc ni th. Vic chun b mt bng cho thi cng cc hng mc ny hu nh
khng gp kh khn, khng c cc nh hng n cy xanh hai bn ng, hng ro,
bn hoa, cc h kinh doanh. Khng c cy xanh, hng mc kin trc cng trnh, ch
chin, miu mo b nh hng hay di di trong phm vi thi cng. Cc hng mc ny
s c hon tr cng vi mt ng nh trc khi thi cng. Do , cc nh hng
trong giai on ny coi nh khng ng k.
khu vc trm x l nc thi v cc cng trnh ph tr, din tch s dng l
3,0 ha thuc xa Ban Ten. Phn din tch ny ch yu l rung ang hoa mau nn
khng cn thc thi cng tc gii phng, ch tin hnh n b t rung theo quy nh
v khung n b chung ca Tnh in Bin hin hnh. Ti giai on thi cng s tin
hnh qu trnh san lp, o p to mt bng vi ct nn theo yu cu k thut v
thit k, v vy, cn to mt bng trc khi tin hnh thi cng. Cy ci rm rp, cng
vic pht quang s c tin hnh gii ta, to mt bng nhanh chng cho qu trnh thi
cng. Qu trnh ny s pht sinh mt khi lng cht thi rn, ch yu thnh phn l
cht hu c. Nu khng c bin php x l, nh hng cnh quan khu vc, s phn
hy nhanh ca cc cht hu c do vi sinh vt phn hy gy mi x u, nh hng n
cht lng mi trng khng kh, nc v t v sc khe cng nhn Ngoi ra, vic
s dng cc my i, ct cy cng nghip c th gy ra kh thi t cc ng c. Tuy
LAVIC - 2009
75-
nhin, thi gian thc thi ngn, my mc cng sut nh nn cc nh hng n khng
kh l khng ng k.
Nh vy, lng bi pht sinh ch yu trong qu trnh chun b mt bng ti khu
vc xy dng trm x l nc thi d kin, ch yu l lng bi pht sinh khi pht
quang v cht thi rn hu c. Cc nh hng v bi ny n mi trng v con ngi
l khng ln; cht thi rn ln c th gy ra mi kh chu (H2S, axit hu c bay hi),
nh hng n mi trng khng kh. Cn c nhng bin php gim thiu v x l
trit lng cht thi rn ny khng gy nhng nh hng n mi trng xung
quanh v cc hng mc cng trnh thi cng tip theo.
3.3.1.2. Giai on thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh
y l giai on m c nhng tc ng ln v mnh m nht n thnh phn
cht lng khng kh nn khu vc thi cng. Nhng nh hng khng tc ng di v
lin tc m n ch gy nhng tc ng trong tng khu vc, ti cc thi im thi cng
tng hng mc cng trnh v sau khng c nhng tc ng tng t k tip, cc tc
ng ny chm dt khi hon cng. Giai on ny cn c bit quan tm ca ch u
t, y l giai on gy nhng tc ng chnh, t nhng nh gi c th yu cu
nh thu thi cng c nhng bin php ph hp hn ch nhng tc nhn gy nhim
khng kh ny.
Cc tc ng n mi trng khng kh v cht lng mi trng nn vi bi
v cc cht kh c hi, ting n v rung chn c xem xt trong qu trnh (1) san
lp, xy dng v sa cha cc tuyn ng, cng, h ga; qu trnh o p, san nn theo
ct nn ng thit k k thut; (2) Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt nguyn vt liu
thi cng trong cc hng mc, (3) bi t t mt ng khi vn chuyn, tp kt, lu tr
nguyn vt liu, vt t trong thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh v t cho san lp;
(4) Vic pht thi kh c t cc ng c tham gia thi cng.
(1) Bi pht sinh do thi cng san lp, o p cc hng mc cng trnh:
Khi lng o p thi cng h thng thot nc ma, nc thi to ra lng
bi nht nh.
Cc trm bm nc thi c thi cng 05 n v trm bm c t ri rc tai
cac v tr trn tuyn ng thi cng m bo bm nc cng sut v trm x l
va giam su chn cng.
i vi trm x l nc thi v cc cng trnh ph tr vi din tch thi cng
khong 3,0 ha vi cng ngh x l nc thi l Mng x ly sinh hoc.
Nh vy khi lng t ao p la kh ln nn cc nh hng n mi
trng khng kh l kh ln
i vi pht thi bi khi thi cng h thng thot nc ma, h thng thot nc
thi v trm bm nc thi, cc nh hng ca bi l khng ng k, lng bi pht
thi khi thi cng trm x l v cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr, hm lng bi to ra
LAVIC - 2009
76-
ln hn so vi tiu chun cho php, ni hot ng mnh, ti lng bi c th vt t

30-50 ln nhng ti khu vc thi cng, khu thi cng nm gia khu rung la nn cc tc
ng ny c pht tn nhanh chng, hm lng bi pht thi c gim xung, cc
nh hng ca n n mi trng v con ngi c hn ch.
Cc ng ng u ni vi h thng chung t cc h gia nh th khng gy
nhng nh hng ng k cho mi trng khng kh. Mc d cng vic nhiu nhng
li c tin hnh trong mt thi gian tng i di v cc tc ng ch mang tnh
cht cc b trong phm vi nh (<5m) nn nhng tc ng ca cng vic ny ni chung
khng ln. V khi , i tng chu tc ng vn chnh l nhng ngi cng nhn thi
cng trc tip v kt qu ca c mt qu trnh phi nhim l cc bnh lin quan n
phi, mt, tai hin ang ph bin i vi cc i tng phi nhim ny. Nu thc
hin tt cc bin php gim thiu th c th hn ch cc tc ng n mi trng
khng kh m nht l ngi dn v qu trnh thi cng h thng u ni h gia nh ny
cn cn s tr gip v hp tc rt ln ca ngi dn vng d n.
Trong giai on ny, ting n v nhng rung chn c nhng tc ng khng
nh n cuc sng ca ngi dn vng d n. Nht l trong nhng gi i lm v khi
h tr v nh. Cc ting n v tc ng ca rung chn khu xy dng trm x l hu
nh khng c tc ng n khu dn c nhng tim n cc nguy c v tai trong thi
gian tip nhn tc ng i vi cng nhn thi cng trc tip.
Bin php gim thiu cn c xem xt c th gim nh nhng tc ng
khng ln nhng li c nhng tc ng tch ly trong mt thi gian di sau .
(2) Bi pht sinh do qu trnh tp kt nguyn vt liu trong cng trng:
Khi lng nguyn vt liu (VLXD) thi cng c nhng nh hng ng k
trong qu trnh thc thi cc hng mc cng trnh. Vic vn chuyn, tp kt, lu tr cc
nguyn vt liu trong khu vc thi cng l vn cn c quan tm vi nhng ti
lng pht sinh bi kh cao i vi cht lng mi trng khng kh nn, c bit l
hm lng bi l lng.
Qu trnh thi cng h thng u ni khng c nhng tc ng ng k n
thnh phn khng kh nn. Vic thi cng h thng thot nc ma, h thng thot
nc thi, trm bm v trm x l nc thi c nhng ng gp nht nh vo thnh
phn bi t qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu thi cng. Nhng p gp ny gy ra
nhng nh hng cho ngi tham gia giao thng v ngi dn xung quanh vi cc
bnh lin quan n gic mc, phi. Bnh thng, cc tuyn thi cng trn l ng
ni th, vic lu thng cc phng tin trn cc tuyn giao ng tp np, vic vn
chuyn, tp kt VLXD ng gp thm vo mt giao thng chung.
Cn c bin php hn ch cc tc ng ny n ngi tham gia giao thng,
ngi dn a phng quanh khu thi cng v mi trng cnh quan. ng thi c s
phi hp gia Ch thu xy dng v cc c quan lin quan nh S Giao thng vn ti,
Cnh st giao thng v phng n iu phi tt giao thng trong thi gian thi cng
cc hng mc cng trnh .
LAVIC - 2009
77-
(3) Bi t t b mt ng do qu trnh vn chuyn, tp kt, lu tr nguyn

vt liu, vt t trong thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh v t cho san lp
Qu trnh vn chuyn t v nguyn vt liu trong thi cng sa cha cc
tuyn ng hin c v xy mi cc tuyn ng ng thot nc ma v thot nc thicng on thi cng ch yu- v vn chuyn ti khu xy dng trm bm nc thi, trm
x l nc thi s pht sinh mt lng bi t t b mt ng. Ty theo cht lng
ca ng giao thng v iu kin kh hu m c nhng tc ng ng k n cnh
quan v cht lng thnh phn bi l lng trong khng kh. Nht l trong nhng ngy
nng nng, lm tng ng k lng bi i vi cht lng khng kh xung quanh.
Hm lng bi t t b mt ng pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn gp
phn ng k vo hm lng bi trong khu vc thi cng v nhng khu lin i. Thi
lng bi ny nh hng n hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cc c s kinh doanh,
cung cp dch v. v nhng nh hng n hoa mu ca cc khu rung xung quanh,
tm nhn ca ngi tham gia giao thng v nhng ngi trong vng thi cng cc hng
mc .
Cc bin php gim thiu bi b mt ng c cho l cn thit c thc
hin i vi nh thu tip nhn cc hng mc thi cng cng trnh ny.
(4)S pht thi kh c t cc ng c tham gia thi cng
Kh thi c hi c pht thi trong qu trnh vn hnh cc my mc, thit b,
phng tin vn chuyn trong thi cng cc cng vic xut. Nhng kh thi ny gy
ra nhng nh hng khng nh n thnh phn cc cht trong khng kh. Tiu biu l
hm lng bi, cc cht kh c NO2, SO2, CO, tng Hydrocacbon (THC). Nhng cht
kh ny gy nh hng trc tip n mi trng v nhng cng nhn trc tip tham
gia thi cng v ngi dn trong vng d n. Nhng tc ng ch yu l cc bnh lin
quan n phi, mt v tim tng cc nguy c gy ung th i vi bi th nh hng
n h h hp v gic mc, CO c i vi h h hp do khng th cung cp oxy
cho tun hon muVic nh gi nhng thnh phn v thi lng ca cc cht kh
thi ny gp phn pht hin sm, tnh ton thi lng v ln k hoch cho cc bin
php hn ch v nhng ng ph i vi cc tc ng khng tt .
c ci nhn tng quan hn v cc tc ng ca nhng cht thi c hi ny,
thi lng ca chng c nh gi nhanh theo phng php nh gi nhanh mi
trng ca T chc Y t Th gii - WHO. Lng du s dng trong thi cng l du
Diesel (DO). T khi lng du DO s dng ta tnh hm lng bi v cc cht kh c
pht thi theo cc h s nhim tng ng. Nu tnh mi on ng vn chuyn l
1km/chuyn, s chuyn vn chuyn cho cc hng mc cng trnh thi cng, xy dng
h thng thot nc ma- h thng thot nc thi; trm bm nc thi v trm x l
nc thi; h thng u ni vi cc h gia nh l 22.789 chuyn, c th cho cc tuyn
thi cng h thng nc ma, h thng nc thi, trm bm v trm x l nc thi.
Tnh ton c s km vn chuyn, mi km vn chuyn xe 10 tn tiu tn khong 0,3
lt du DO (dDO= 0,89 kg/l). T , ta c th tm tnh khi lng du DO dng i vi cc
LAVIC - 2009
78-
hng mc cng trnh thi cng trn tng ng l 6,08 tn DO. Khi , bng tm tnh thi
lng i vi tng hng mc cng trnh c th s cho thy thi lng pht thi ca cc cht
kh c. Nhng ng gp khng thin ch ca cc cht c vo mi trng nn l iu cnh
bo i vi nhng nh thu thi cng vi nhng bin php gim thiu hp l.
i vi thi cng h thng thot nc ma v x l nc thi:
Bng 3.4. Thi lng cht kh c hi trong thi cng h thng
thot nc ma Th x Cao Bng, Tnh Cao Bng
Thng s
H s nhim
(kg/tn DO)
Ti lng
(g/ngy)
Ti lng
(g/h)
Ti lng
(mg/s)
Bi
0,9
9,97
1,25
0,35
SO2
4,15
45,98
5,75
1,60
NO2
14,4
159,54
19,94
5,54
CO
2,9
32,13
4,02
1,12
THC
0,8
8,86
1,11
0,31
T bng 3.4. trn cho thy, hm lng pht thi bi khi thi cng h thng thot nc
ma l 9,97 g/ngy; 1,25 g bi/h; 0,35 mg bi/s. Hm lng pht thi cc cht kh SO 2, NO2,
CO, HC c thi lng 45,98; 159,54; 32,13; 8,86 g/ngy tng ng vi 5,75; 19,94; 4,02;
1,11g/h v 1,60; 5,54; 1,12; 0,31 mg/s. So vi tiu chun cho php i vi nng kh i
vi khu vc dn c TCVN 5937- 2000 v tiu chun nng nhim ca cc cht kh c
hi TCVN 5938- 1995, cc thng s CO, THC thp hn so vi tiu chun 6 30 ln; nng
bi cao hn 4 ln TCCP, nng SO2 co hn khong 15 ln v thng s NO2 cao hn rt
nhiu ln so vi tiu chun cho php, c nhng lc c th cao hn vi chc ln so vi TCCP.
Vic pht thi cc cht c hi to ra nhng nguy c gy cc bnh nh ung th, thiu
mu n con ngi v cc nh hng n sn xut nng nghip, sinh trng ca cy ci
trong khu vc thi cng. Cc tuyn ng thi cng h thng thot nc ma c thi cng trn
cc tuyn ng ni th, b rng ln, thi cng ch yu trn va h v di lng ng nn
pht thi ti khu vc thi cng. V s pht thi kh thi c hi ch c tnh cht cc b, nh
hng trong thi gian thi cng. Nhng bin php gim thiu hn ch nh hng n cng
nhn, ngi dn v sn xut nng, lm, ng nghip vng l cn thit.
Bng 3.5. Thi lng cht kh c hi trong thi cng h thng
thot nc thi Th x Cao Bng, Tnh Cao Bng
Thng s
H s nhim
(kg/tn DO)
Ti lng
(g/ngy)
Ti lng
(g/h)
Ti lng
(mg/s)
Bi
0,9
0,05
0,01
0,002
SO2
4,15
0,21
0,03
0,007
NO2
14,4
0,73
0,09
0,025
CO
2,9
0,15
0,02
0,005
THC
0,8
0,04
0,01
0,001
LAVIC - 2009
79-
Hm lng pht thi bi khi thi cng h thng thot nc thi l 0,05 g/ngy; 0,01 g
bi/h; 0,002 mg bi/s. Hm lng pht thi cc cht kh SO2, NO2, CO, HC c thi lng
0,21; 0,73; 0,15; 0,04 g/ngy tng ng vi 0,03; 0,09; 0,02; 0,01 g/h v 0,007; 0,025; 0,005;
0,001mg/s. So vi tiu chun cho php i vi nng kh i vi khu vc dn c TCVN
5937- 2000 v cht kh c hi TCVN 5938- 1995, cc thng s phn tch bi, SO 2, NO2, CO,
THC thp hn nhiu so vi tiu chun; Nng cc cht kh c hi i vi cng vic thi
cng cc hng mc cng trnh i vi h thng thot nc thi l hu nh khng c. Do ,
cc tc ng ny n mi trng v khu dn c coi nh khng c tc ng ng k. Tuy
nhin, cc tc nhn ny c th c nhng tc ng cng gp trong giai on thi cng cc hng
mc cng trnh thot nc ma. Cc bin php gim thiu pht thi bi trong qu trnh thi
cng cn cp v c phng n ph hp.
i vi cc cng vic xy dng trm bm nc thi (5 trm bm) c din tch thi
cng tng l khong 47m2 v su xung 6m di lng t. Vic thi cng, lp t cc trm
bm cng c nhng tc ng nht nh. Pht thi bi v cc cht kh c hi khi tiu th
khong 0,04 tn DO, c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 3.6. Thi lng bi v cc cht kh c hi khi thi cng cc
trm bm nc thi Th x Cao Bng, Tnh Cao Bng
Thng s
H s nhim
(kg/tn DO)
Ti lng
(g/ngy)
Ti lng
(g/h)
Ti lng
(mg/s)
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
THC
0,9
4,15
14,4
2,9
0,8
0,38
1,74
6,04
1,22
0,34
0,05
0,22
0,76
0,15
0,04
0,01
0,06
0,21
0,04
0,01
Ti lng pht thi bi 0,38 g/ngy; 0,05 g bi/h; 0,01 mg bi/s. Hm lng pht thi
cc cht kh SO2, NO2, CO, HC c ti lng 1,74; 6,04; 1,22; 0,34 g/ngy tng ng vi 0,22;
0,76; 0,15; 0,04 g/h v 0,06; 0,21; 0,04; 0,01 mg/s. So vi tiu chun cho php i vi nng
kh i vi khu vc dn c v tiu chun pht thi i vi cc cht kh c hi TCVN
5938- 1995, cc thng s phn tch bi, SO2, NO2, CO, THC thp hn nhiu so vi tiu
chun. Thi cng trm bm ti cc ng ba cc tuyn ng, thi cng trong khu vc ni th nn
nh hng nhanh v phi nhim i vi nhiu i tng xung quanh nh nh dn, ca hng,
ngi tham gia thi cng, ngi tham gia giao thng. trnh cc tc ng n con ngi v
mi trng, vic thm vo khng kh bi v cc cht kh c hi d ti lng v thi lng
nh nhng chng c th tch ly v nh hng theo thi gian. Do vy, cn c k hoch thi
cng v b tr thi gian, a im hn ch tt nht nh hng bt li ny.
V trm x l nc thi v cc hng mc cng trnh trong khu vc trm, khi lng
DO s dng khong 0,68 tn DO hon tt qu trnh xy dng. Vy, lng pht thi ca bi v
cc cht kh c c tm tnh nh trong bng 3.7. di y:
Bng 3.7. Thi lng bi v cc cht kh c hi khi thi cng cc
trm bm v trm x l nc thi Th x Cao Bng, Tnh Cao Bng
LAVIC - 2009
80-
Thng s
H s nhim
(kg/tn DO)
Ti lng
(g/ngy)
Ti lng
(g/h)
Ti lng
(mg/s)
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
THC
0,9
4,15
14,4
2,9
0,8
2,55
11,75
40,78
8,21
2,27
0,32
1,47
5,10
1,03
0,28
0,09
0,41
1,42
0,29
0,08
Cc thng s thi lng cho thy hm lng bi v cc cht kh c hi cao hn nhiu

so vi cc hng mc cng trnh thi cng h thng thot nc ma v h thng thot nc thi.
Hm lng bi pht thi 2,55 g/ngy, 0,32 g/h v 0,09 mg/s. i vi cc cht kh c hi,
hm lng cao hn khong 3,42 ln so vi thi cng h thng thot v 8,6 h thng u ni.
Cc gi tr pht thi cc cht kh c SO2, NO2, CO, THC tng ng l 11,75; 40,78; 8,21;
2,27 g/ngy; 1,47; 5,10; 1,03; 0,28 g/h v 0,41; 1,42; 0,29; 0,08 mg/s. Ti lng pht thi trn
cho thy, theo tiu chun cho php i vi hm lng cc cht kh v bi trong khu dn c
TCVN 5937-1995, ti lng pht thi bi nm trong gii hn TCCP, ti lng SO 2 cao hn
tiu chun 4 ln v pht thi NO2 cao hn 25 ln so vi tiu chun. Cc thng s pht thi CO
v THC nh hn t 6- 30 ln so vi TCCP.
Hm lng pht thi cng ln, thi gian pht thi cng ngn th nhng nh hng
n cng nhn v mi trng cng ln. i vi cc hng mc thi cng trong khu vc trm x
l nc thi, thi gian thi cng khong 8 thng, hng mc cng trnh ln nhng c tin
hnh thi cng ti ch v v tr la chn cho trm x l l t rung nn thnh phn pht thi
trong qu trnh thi cng tng hng mc. Do , ti lng pht thi s gim; t , hn ch cc
nh hng bt li n ngi dn khu vc d n v cng nhn thi cng trc tip. Thi im v
thi gian thi cng cng l mt trong nhng gii php cn c nh thu thi cng cn nhc khi
thi cng cc cng vic k thut ny.
Bng 3.8. Hm lng pht thi cc cht c hi trong qu trnh
thc thi h thng u ni vi h gia nh
Thng s
H s nhim
(kg/tn DO)
Ti lng
(g/ngy)
Ti lng
(g/h)
Ti lng
(mg/s)
Bi
SO2
NO2
CO
THC
0,9
4,15
14,4
2,9
0,8
0,63
2,89
10,02
2,02
0,56
0,08
0,36
1,25
0,25
0,07
0,022
0,100
0,348
0,070
0,019
Vic thi cng h thng u ni h gia nh pht thi khng ln, hm lng bi pht
thi tm tnh l 0,63 g/ngy; 0,08 g bi/h; 0,022 mg bi/s. Hm lng pht thi cc cht kh
SO2, NO2, CO, HC c ti lng tng ng l 2,89; 10,02; 2,02; 0,56 g/ngy tng ng vi
0,36; 1,25; 0,25; 0,07 g/h v 0,1; 0,348; 0,070; 0,06 mg/s. Nng cc cht kh c hi trn
so vi tiu chun cho php TCVN 5937- 2000 v cc cht kh c hi i vi con ngi v
mi trng TCVN 5938- 1995, nng pht thi bi, CO v THC nm di TCCP rt nhiu.
Nng SO2 xp x TCCP. Nng pht thi kh NO2 cao hn so vi tiu chun nhng
khng nhiu, nng cao nht tnh ton c cao hn 6 ln so vi TCCP.
LAVIC - 2009
81-
Nu tnh tng hp hm lng pht thi bi v kh c hi trong thi cng cc hng mc

cng trnh ny, lng pht thi ca bi v cc cht kh thp hn hoc xp x tiu chun, tr
ti lng pht sinh ca kh NO2, nng pht thi cao hn so vi TCVN 5937- 2000 v
TCVN 5938- 1995 khng nhiu, nng ln nht tnh ton c i vi thng s NO 2 ny c
th cao hn 3 ln so vi TCCP. Cn c k hoch thi cng v cc bin php thi cng hn
ch nh hng ca bi n mi trng v sc khe con ngi, hn ch tm nhn i vi lu
thng trn cc tuyn ng v gn trm x l d kin.
Vic nh gi nhanh ch mang tnh cht tng i v nh gi s b v thnh phn
cht nhim v ti lng pht thi ca chng theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca T chc
Y t Th gii WHO v so vi b tiu chun ca Vit Nam hin hnh. Hm lng bi trong
khng kh tng cao s nh hng khng nh n sc kho ca con ngi, c bit nhng
ngi cng nhn trc tip thi cng v ngi dn sng bn cnh hoc xung quanh khu vc thi
cng s phi i mt hng ngy, hng gi. Tc hi ln nht gy ra cho con ngi l bnh bi
phi, bnh v ng h hp (mi, hng, ph qun, kh qun...), bnh v mt (vim nim mc,
kch ng mng tip hp...), cc bnh v da (Vim da, nhim trng da...).
Thi lng ca cc thng s nhim ny cao hn rt nhiu so vi tiu chun cho php
v cc kh c TCVN 5938- 1995 v cc tiu chun p dng cho cc thng s khng kh trong
mi trng xung quanh TCVN 5937- 2000, TCVN 5938- 1995. i vi pht thi bi v kh
c do cc phng tin my mc th cn c nhng bin php dt im v trit , hn ch ti
a v c hiu qu i vi cc tc ng pht thi ny.
i vi pht thi bi v kh c do cc phng tin my mc th cn c nhng

bin php dt im v trit , hn ch ti a v c hiu qu i vi cc tc ng pht
thi ny.
Ting n cng l nhng yu t nh hng n mi trng khng kh trong qu
trnh thi cng ca h thng thot nc ma, h thng thot nc thi, trm bm nc
thi, trm x l nc thi v h thng u ni, ting n pht sinh do s dng my ng
cc, my nn, phng tin vn ti, thit b thi cng (my o, cn cu, khoan, xe xc
trn b tng). Ting n ch yu trong giai on xy dng trm x l nc thi.
Rung chn t cc my mc thit b thi cng cng c nhng nh hng n mi
trng t khu thi cng v nhng nh hng lan truyn trn cc tuyn ng gn khu
vc thi cng. Cc rung chn ny l khng ng k.
Bng 3.9. Mc n cc thit b thi cng.
STT
Phng tin thi cng
Mc n (dBA)
Xe i
93
Xe lu
72 - 74
Xe trn btng
75 - 88
Cn trc (Di ng)
76 - 87
Ba chn v khoan
76 - 99
LAVIC - 2009
82-
STT
Phng tin thi cng
Mc n (dBA)
My ng cc
90 - 104
My pht in
82 - 92
Cng hng cc mc n
78 - 100
Cng v mc pht thi ting n s tng ln khi cc phng tin

hot ng nhiu, lin tc, nht l khi c s cng hng ting n t cc thit b
tham gia thi cng trong cng mt thi gian.
Nhng nh hng ca ting n i vi con ngi l rt ln. Ting n gy
cm gic kh chu cho ngi nghe, hn ch kh nng lm vic v ngh ngi,
lm tn hi n sc kho con ngi c bit l b phn thnh gic.
Nu cng m thanh qu cao s tc ng mnh n thnh gic.
Mc n 100dB tc ng trong khong thi gian ngn gy nh
hng xu i vi phn tai trong. Thng thng thnh gic bt
u nh hng t mc m thanh 90dB tr ln;
Ting n cng nh hng ti cc b phn ca c th, gy ri lon
sinh l v bnh l nh bnh thn kinh, tim mch, ni tit. Ting
n c th gy bnh tm thn, mt tr, in;
Vi mc n bt u t 90dB tr ln, lm nng sut lao ng ca
con ngi gim i t 20 - 40%, lm gia tng tai nn trong lao
ng;
mc m thp hn 55 dB th cha gy nh hng n trao i
thng tin. Ting n c mc m ln hn 70 dB s nh hng xu
ti vic trao i thng tin cng cng.
Vi cc hng mc thuc h thng thot nc nc ma, h thng thot nc
thi, trm bm nc thi v cc cng trnh trong h thng u ni, vic thi cng
thng s dng cc loi my nh nn n s khng ln, mc nh hng khng
nhiu cn vic xy dng trm x l quy m ln hn nn cc loi my mc, thit b
s dng thng c cng sut ln, mc n cao.
Cc tm tnh mc n trong khu vc thi cng c a ra da trn bng quy nh
v mc n i vi khu vc thi cng. Mc n o c trng thi bnh thng khong
50-62 dBA. Khi c d n, mc n gia tng, mc n c th o c mc 87- 95 dBA,
cao hn so vi tiu chun cho php v mc n i vi khu dn c- 60 dBA khong
1,45- 1,58 ln. Mc n ny c th thay i ty theo khong cch tip xc, cng
lm vic ca my mc, thit b. Tuy nhin, khu vc thi cng h thng thot v cc
trm bm nm trong khu vc ni th, nh dn ngay st l ng hoc gn nn
ting n c th tc ng trc tip n h; i vi khu vc trm x l nm xa dn c
nn khng nh hng n i sng ca cng ng dn c, nhng c nh hng trc
LAVIC - 2009
83-
tip n ngi lao ng tham gia thi cng ti cng trng. V vy, s dng cc bin
php gim thiu ting n v bin php che chn ting n khng lan truyn i xa l
cn thit.
Tm li, tc ng ca ting n i vi cuc sng ca con ngi l rt ln. N
che lp m thanh cn nghe, lm nh hng n thnh gic v h thn kinh, gim hiu
sut lao ng, l nguy c dn n cc biu hin xu v tm l, sinh l, bnh l.
T nhng nh gi v thng s v ti lng tm tnh trn c nhng bin
php gim thiu v thn mi trng. Nhn chung, trong khi thi cng hu nh tt c
cc hng mc u c nhng tc ng ng k i vi mi trng xung quanh v con
ngi. Bin php gim thiu s c cp c th trong chng sau c th gim
thiu tc ng ny i vi mi trng khng kh nn.
3.3.1.3. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh trong giai on vn hnh
i vi qu trnh vn hnh, nhng nh hng n mi trng khng kh ch
mang tnh cht nh l v ti ch. Cc tc ng n mi trng khng kh v hm
lng cc cht kh c pht thi ch yu. Mi trng khng kh b nh hng bi
ting n v rung chn khi vn hnh cc thit b, my mc v mt s cc kh pht thi
t cc cht thi rn thu c t cc song chn rc (cht hu c, bn) v t qu trnh
vn hnh my cc ng c t trong (cc kh CO, NO2, SO2).
Cc cht kh pht sinh c th gy ra mi kh chu trong khu vc trm x l v
cc cht kh c c th nh hng n cng nhn vn hnh trc tip nhng nng
cht kh c ny khng cao v ch nh hng phm vi nh.
Ting n cng pht sinh t vic vn hnh h thng ny nn cn c k hoch vn
hnh vi cc thi im v thi lng vn hnh hn ch vo gi ngh ngi ca ngi
dn xung quanh khu trm x l.
Nh vy, tc ng ca giai on vn hnh ny i vi cht lng khng kh l
khng ng k v c th kim sot c ph thuc vo cng nhn v nhn vin vn
hnh trm.
3.3.2. Tc ng n mi trng nc
3.3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on gii phng mt bng
Mt bng cho h thng thot nc ma, nc thi, trm bm v trm x l
nc thi khng phi gii ta, di di nh ca dn, ch nh hng n mt phn nh
hoc kt cu khc nh hng ro, tng bao, sn
Giai on ny khng c tc ng ng k n mi trng nc, hu ht ch l
nhng tc ng mang tnh cht vt l nh lm tng hm lng cc cht rn l lng
trong mi trng nc, tng mt s cc cht do qu trnh ra tri Cc tc ng ny
ch mang tnh cht vt l, khng c nhng tc ng ha nc. Cc cht nhim khc
hu nh khng pht sinh v do , khng c nhng tc ng n mi trng nc.
Cc tc ng ni trn khng ln v gy ra nhng nh hng khng ng k.
LAVIC - 2009
84-
3.3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng nc giai on thi cng cc hng mc cng

trnh
i vi qu trnh thi cng, vn nc c coi l rt cn thit. nh gi nh
hng n mi trng nc thng qua lng nc tiu th ca cng nhn thi cng
lin tc cc ln tri tm (lng nc thi c tnh bng 90% lng nc sch) v
lng nc ma chy trn. T c th nh gi c lng nc thi ca cng nhn
x ra mi trng.
Lng nc ma chy trn s gy ra nhng tc ng n mi trng nc mt
thng qua qu trnh ra tri b mt, nc chy trn ko theo cc loi t , bn t
khi o p xung lu vc sng nn hn ch dng chy cc rnh thot tm, gim
nng lc thot nc cc b ti khu vc v c th gy nhng ngp lt cc b ti khu
vc thi cng. Ngoi ra, lng nc ma chy trn cn ko theo cc cht thi rn sinh
hot nh rau, giy Mc d l nhng cht thi rt d phn hy nhng nu khng
c v tr v thi im phn hy thch hp s to ra nhng nguyn nhn cho vic pht
trin v pht tn cc bnh tt i vi con ngi v ng vt.
Vic thi ra mt lng ln nc thi, cha cht nhng mm mng cc tc nhn
gy bnh nh cc vi sinh gy bnh v mt, tiu ha, da nh hng n sc khe ca
con ngi m nht l trong vn v v sinh dch t th s rt nguy him v c nguy
c lan truyn trn din rng. Nh vy, cn c nhng hng dn v ch o c th
hn ch nh hng bt li ny.
Cn thit k v c nhng bin php m bo m quan v hn ch cc bnh
dch cho ngi v gia sc cng nh gii quyt vn ngp lt cc b, hn ch ch tc
v tai nn giao thng.
Lng nc thi ca cng nhn thi cng
Lng nc thai cua cng nhn tai cac lan trai c tinh da trn lng nc
cp sinh hoat hang ngay cua cac cng nhn tai khu lan trai tam trong thi gian thi cng
cac hang muc cng trinh. Lng nc cp hang ngay chinh la lng nc thai. Khi o,
chi cn tinh lng nc cp, ta se co tai lng nc thai o.
Nu tinh trung binh nc s dung cho mi cng nhn la a-l/ngay/ngi, s
ngi cng nhn tham gia thi cng la b-ngi va thi gian thi cng cac hang muc cng
trinh o la c-ngay. T o ta tam tinh lng nc thai mi ngay cua cng nhn la a*b
( lit/ngay) va tai lng tinh chung cho toan b qua trinh thi cng la:
Thai lng nc thai sinh hoat cua cng nhn ( m3) = a*b*c/1000;
Cac giai oan thi cng va tai lng nc thai cua cng nhn tng ng c
tam tinh nh trong bang sau:
STT Hang muc thi cng
Thi lng
S cng
Tai lng Thai lng
thi cng
nhn
nc thai
nc thai
3
( thang)
( ngi)
( m /ngay)
(m3)
1
Giai phong mt bng
1
15
1,35
40,5
2
H thng thoat nc ma
12
40
3,6
1296
3
H thng thoat nc thai
12
30
2,7
972
4
Tram bm nc thai
5
15
1,35
202,5
LAVIC - 2009
85-
5
6
7
Tram x ly nc thai
H thng u ni h gia inh
Tng cng
18
13
50
20
170
4,5
1,8
15,3
2430
702
5643
i vi giai on gii phng mt bng

Giai on ny tm tnh thi lng tin hnh l 1 thng do ch gii phng mt
bng hng mc thi cng trm x l v cc cng trnh ph tr. Do , s lng cng
nhn tham gia trong giai on ny c tnh khong 15 ngi, thi lng nc mi
ngy l 90l/ngy/ngi. Tm tnh lng nc thi trong giai on ny l khong
40,5m3. Thi lng nc khng ln nhng nu khng c k hoch thu gom v x l
trit s gy ra nhng nh hng n sc khe cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng.
i vi h thng thot nc ma v h thng thot nc thi
Hai h thng thot nc ma v nc thi ny c thi cng trong thi gian
tm tnh khong 12 thng cho mi hng mc h thng thot nc ma v nc thi.
S cng nhn s dng lin tc trong khong 70 ngi hon thin h thng thot nc
ma v nc thi. Lng nc tm tnh cho mi cng nhn l 90 l/ngi/ngy. Lng
nc thi to ra tng ng vi lng nc cp cho cng nhn trong thi gian thi
cng cc hng mc cng trnh. Lng nc thi tm tnh cho qu trnh thi cng h
thng thot nc ma, nc thi l 2.268 m3 nc thi. Khi lng nc x thi kh
ln, cn c bin php tha ng, gim ngp ng, ch tc giao v tai nn giao thng hy
hu khi thc thi d n. Vi nhng tc ng khng nh v c cc tc ng trc tip n
cc gic quan ca c th nh vim nhim, au mt v xut hin cc bnh ngoi da
nh hng trc tip n cng nhn thi cng v ngi dn trong v xung quanh vng
d n.
i vi h thng trm bm nc thi v trm x l nc thi
Khi lng cng vic cc trm bm tng p cn 5 thng vi 15 cng nhn thi
cng lin tc v tin hnh thi cng trm x l nc thi cn thi lng l 18 thng
thi cng v s dng ti 50 cng nhn thi cng trc tip. Ti lng nc thi ca cng
nhn trong giai on ny rt ln, thi gian thi cng tng i di; Cc tc ng t
nc thi khng c thu gom v x l hiu qu s c th to ra nhng tc ng tng
i phc tp.
T s cng nhn tham gia thi cng v lng nc thi tm tnh cho mi ngi
l 90l/ngi/ngy, bng trn ch ra thi lng v ti lng nc thi hon thnh
cc hng mc cng trnh ny. i vi trm bm nc thi, ti lng nc thi l
1,35m3/ngy v thi ra mi trng khong 202,5m3 nc thi; i vi trm x l nc
thi, ti lng nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn l 4,5 m3/ngy v thi lng nc
thi tng ng l 2.430 m3. Vy tng thi lng trong qu trnh thi cng trm x l
nc thi v trm bm nc thi l 2.632,5 m3. Khu vc thi cng khu vc thi cng
khng nm gn khu dn c nhng i vi cc khu vc thi cng trm bm nc thi
c thi cng cc ng ba ng nn c nh hng lan rng; khu vc trm x l d
LAVIC - 2009
86-
kin nm trn khu t tai xa Ban Ten B nn khng c dn c, cc tc ng ca nc

thi sinh hot ch nh hng n cng nhn thi cng ti cc ln tri tm.
Vic p dng cc phng php, lch trnh thi cng v thu gom hp l nc thi
sinh hot hn ch tt nht cc nh hng n sc khe ngi dn xung quanh- i
vi trm bm v sc khe ca cng nhn thi cng ti cc ln tri cng nh mi trng
nc mt, nc ngm ti khu vc thi cng. Cn quan tm n cc bin php can thip
v k thut, thi cng v thc ca ngi cng nhn tham gia thi cng v nhng h tr
v mt v sinh ngi cng nhn c kin thc thng dng nht, c th t bo v
mnh trc bnh tt v mi trng ln tri tm xung quanh cng nh khu vc thi cng.
i vi h thng u ni h gia nh
H thng u ni h gia nh s dng s lng cng nhn thi cng l 20 ngi.
Thi gian thi cng khi lng cng trnh ny l khong 13 thng. Lng nc thi tm
tnh cho giai on thi cng theo bng tm tnh trn l 702 m3 nc thi vi ti lng l
1,8m3/ngy.
Giai on ny s dng s cng nhn t hn so vi thi cng trm bm nc thi
v trm x l nc thi nhng thi gian thi cng gin ra di hn nn ti lng nc
thi mi ngy t hn nhng ti lng cho ton b qu trnh thi cng kh ln. Qu trnh
thi cng hng mc cng trnh ny gn lin vi hot ng ca cc h dn. Tuy nhin,
do cc cng nhn c tp kt ti cc ln tri tm trong thi gian thi cng nn nhng
nh hng ch yu tc ng n chnh cc cng nhn . Bin php thu gom, x l
cn c quan tm m bo sc khe cng nhn, hn ch cc nh hng n mi
trng v t , m bo thi cng ng tin .
Vic thi cng hng mc cng trnh khng tp trung ti mt im nht nh nn
ty theo tin cng vic m ch thu thi cng c cc k hoch r rng thu gom v
x l tt ngun nc thi, gp phn gii quyt vn ngp ng v m bo sc khe
cng nh nhng iu kin v v sinh mi trng cho cng nhn cc ln tri v dn
c ln cn.
3.3.2.1. Tc ng n mi trng nc trong giai on vn hnh
Trong giai on vn hnh, thi lng nc thi c tm tnh da trn s cng
nhn v k s vn hnh trm x l. S ngi c b tr vn hnh trm l 26 ngi
(1 trm trng, 3 can b ky thut, 9 cng nhn vn hanh cho tram x ly va tram bm,
8 cng nhn vn hnh, 5 ngi cho b phn hanh chinh k toan). Khi lng nc
sinh hot s dng l 90l/ngi/ngy nn mi ngy trm cn 26 x 90/ 1000 = 2,34 m3
v tng ng vi thi lng nc thi sinh hot l 2,34 x 90% = 2,106 m3 nc thi.
H thng thot nc khu vc trm x l c thit k v c th dm bo nng lc
thu gom v thot nc ma. Do vy, nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn, nhn vin vn
hnh trm l vn cn c xem xt.
Thi lng nc thi trong khi vn hnh trm x l ni chung khng ln nhng
nu khng c k hoch thu gom, vn chuyn v x l hp v sinh s c nhng tc
ng bt li i vi mi trng v nhn vin vn hnh trm.
LAVIC - 2009
87-
3.3.3. Tc ng n mi trng t
3.3.3.1. Tc ng n mi trng t trong giai on gii phng mt bng
Vic chun b mt bng cho cng tc thi cng c nhng nh hng nht nh
n mi trng t. i vi cc din tch s dng cho cng tc thi cng cc tuyn ng,
cng, h ga v trm x l, lp ph thc vt b loi b v to mt bng trn chun b
cho thi cng nn b mt t b thay i. Cng tc chun b cho thi cng cc tuyn cng
thot nc ma, nc thi, trm bm tng p khng cn gii phng, chun b, cc
cng vic c th tin hnh ngay khi thc thi hng mc thi cng ny. i vi khu vc
xy dng trm x l nc thi d kin, cng tc n b, gii ta l khng cn thc
hin, vic gii phng mt bng tp trung qu trnh pht quang, san lp, o p theo
ct a hnh nn nh trong thit k. Do vy, a hnh th nhng b thay i cc tnh
cht c, l, ha sinh trong mt thi gian ngn. Nu t c ct nn ph hp th qu trnh
thi cng s c th bt u tin hnh cc hng mc cng trnh, do ct nn thp hn nn
trong giai on thi cng, mt khi lng t s c chuyn n v to ra mt bng
ph hp vi thit k. V khi , cc nh hng ca thi cng i vi t s rt r rng.
Phn nh gi tc ng ny s c cp c th trong phn thi cng cc hng mc
cng trnh di y. Giai on gii phng mt bng ch c nhng tc ng lm thay
i b mt t nhanh chng nhng nhng tc ng ch l tng trn cng ca t nn
n s cha c nhng nh hng ln i vi mi trng t.
Tng din tch t b thu hi vnh vin xy dng trm x l nc thi u l
t nng nghip ang trng la v hoa mu xa Ban Ten nn vn n b, gii to
khng kh khn. trnh ny sinh cc vn x hi phc tp v tranh chp khng
ng c, cn c s phi hp cht ch gia ch u t v chnh quyn a phng. Gii
quyt nhanh chng v tha ng li ch ca ngi dn theo ng khung n b, ti
nh c chung ca Tnh v iu ny cng gp phn y nhanh tin d n. Tuy
nhin, cn ch n vic to lp vic lm, c chnh sch u tin v m bo thu nhp
cho cc h dn b thu hi t nng nghip. Cn c s quan tm su sc ca ch u t
cng nh chnh quyn a phng ngi dn c th n nh cuc sng v n nh
v kinh t.
3.3.3.2. Tc ng n mi trng t giai on thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh
Lp ph thc vt mt s c nhng tc ng n mi trng xung quanh nh
mt lp bo v, c th thy c cc nh hng nh nhit tng cao trong khu vc
thi cng, hin tng ra tri b mt v nh hng n mi trng nc mt Mc d
t c o ln v sau cng c hon tr hin trng b mt. Trong qu trnh thi
cng cn c nhng bin php hn ch qu trnh ra tri b mt, nh hng n tin
thi cng, i sng ca cng nhn ti cc ln tri, l nguyn nhn ca cc qu trnh
ngp lt, ch tc cc b v nh hng n mi trng nc mt khi ko theo cc cht
thi rn v cc cht tp khc.
Qu trnh thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh trong h thng thot nc ma, h
thng thot nc thi, trm bm nc thi c nh hng trc tin n lp ph thc
LAVIC - 2009
88-
vt tng t mt nhng coi nh l khng c tc ng khng ln. Cc tc ng chnh

c tp trung giai on thi cng trm x l nc thi. Cc tc ng i vi t xy
ra ch yu trm x l nc thi, qu trnh o p, nn, dm c cao nn theo
ng thit k k thut nn cc tc ng i vi t khu vc ny rt ln. Nhng thay
i v cu trc, c im ca t khu vc thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh l iu tt
yu. Cc tc ng d nhn thy nht l cu trc t b thay i t cng on hon
thin cc cng trnh trong khu vc trm x l nc thi i vi nn mng, xy dng
trm bm, ng giao thng trong trm x l, hng ro tng bao, bng cy xanh
Cc tc ng i vi tng t mt c th to ra nhng xung ng i vi cc tng t
bn di. Do , c th xut hin nhng nh hng v sau nh gy ra hin tng st
ln, v, rn b mt, to ra nhng xung yu lp t pha di v cc cng trnh trn
Nhng nh gi, o c, theo di v kho st a hnh, a cht, nht l ln
cng trnh, l iu c s v cn thit c th i ng nhanh v d bo trc vi
nhng tc ng sau ny i vi cc tng t v cc cng trnh nm trn t.
Bn cnh , cc hot ng cc phng tin vn chuyn t vi khi lng
ln nh hng n mi trng khng kh, mi trng nc v mi trng t trong
khu vc thi cng v cc khu ln cn. S gia tng ca cc c t v s gia tng ca hm
lng kim loi nng trong t trong qu trnh thi cng cng l yu t cn xem c
xem xt. Nguyn nhn l lng xng, du, nht r r t cc thit b thi cng, my mc,
xe my Th nhng, tn sut cc chuyn c tnh ton trong mt ngy l khng cao
nn cc nh hng ny c xem l c th kim sot c.
Vic tp kt cc loi VLXD trong cc cng trng thi cng cng c nhng tc
ng n mi trng t. Cc tc ng ny khng ln v ch xy ra trong khong thi
gian khng di v thay i theo tng thi k thi cng vi v tr, chng loi, s lng
cc loi nguyn vt liu khc nhau. K hoch vn chuyn, tp kt v s dng nguyn
vt liu hp l c th hn ch cc tc ng n mi trng v c bit l thun tin
cho ngi thi cng, tit kim cho ch thu thi cng trong vn tn ng vn tr
trc cho cc hng ha v VLXD. Nh vy, cc tc ng ni chung khng ng k.
Ni chung, cc tc ng i vi mi trng t u c nhng theo di v tnh
ton da trn cc b bo co kho st a hnh, a cht chi tit hn ch ln st cng
trnh v cc tc ng cng hng n cc khu t ln cn. Khi lng cht thi rn t
vic o p nh hng khng ng k n mi trng t v chng s c s dng
san nn v mt phn c vn chuyn n cc khu vc cho vic trng cy xanh.
Cc tc ng chnh l do vt liu ri vi, r r ca nguyn liu vn hnh my mc, thit
b thi cng lm tng s xm nhp ca cc cht c vo mi trng t. Hm lng ca
cc cht c khng ln nn d dng b phn hy bi kh nng t lm sch bi cc
vi sinh vt trong t nn tc ng ny c th coi l khng ng k.
3.3.3.3. Tc ng n mi trng t trong giai on vn hnh
Mt trong nhng nh hng n mi trng t trong giai on ny l khi
lng bn t thu c trong qu trnh no vt nh k cc h thng thot nc ma,
h thng thot nc thi, ti cc song chn rc trc khi x l trm x l nc thi.
LAVIC - 2009
89-
Lng bn thi ny s c thu gom, vn chuyn v tp kt ti sn phi bn, qua my

p bn v lu tr ti sn bn p. Ty thuc thi gian lu bn m nhng tc
nhn ny c th nh hng n t nu khng m bo ng quy cch k thut vn
hnh. Vn ny cng cn c lu tnh ton khi trm x l i vo hot ng.
Cc h thng thu gom v vn chuyn ti lng nc trong h thng thot nc
ma, h thng thot nc thi, trm bm nc thi, trm x l nc thi c tc ng
n t, c th gy ra hin tng ln, st ti ch v cc ng t gy trn b mt t.
Cc hin tng ny c th xy ra trong thi gian vn hnh trm x l nn c k hoch
theo di, o c hng nm c phng n v cch ng ph tt nht khi s c xy ra.
V vy, bin php kim sot v x l cc ngun thi gy nhim ny m
bo cc tc ng n mi trng t v gin tip nh hng n cuc sng ca nhn
vin vn hnh trm v hn ch qu trnh pht tn bnh theo cc ngun ly nhim khc
nhau n mi trng nc mt, i vi khng kh v nhng ngi dn xung quanh
trm x l.
3.3.4. Tc ng ca cht thi rn- CTR
3.3.4.1. Tc ng ca CTR trong giai on gii phng mt bng
Tc ng ca cht thi rn trong giai on ny ch yu l cy ci, c di v cc
vt liu khc (rc thi, ti bng, nha) trong vng gii phng mt bng. Cc cht
thi rn ny d dng c x l vi cc cng on thu gom, nht rc ca mt s ngi
thu, nht rc v chuyn n cc c s ti ch, ti s dng cc vt liu c th, cc cht
thi rn hu c nh cy ci, c c cht ng t hoc c gom thnh ng
cho ngi dn canh tc nng nghip ln cn s dng.
Ngun th hai l cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia cng vic
ny. Khi lng x thi c nh gi nhanh theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca
T chc Y t Th gii- WHO, khi lng cht thi rn thi ra mi ngy l 0,5kg v
tng ng vi thi lng cht thi rn cho c giai on gii phng mt bng ny l
225kg. Khi lng cht thi rn khng ln v khi lng nhng tc hi ca chng nu
x thi ba bi c th l nguyn nhn ca cc nguy c v nhim ngun nc sinh
hot ca cng nhn ti cc ln tri, nhim ngun nc mt v to tin cho hng
lot cc loi bnh dch lin quan n tiu ha cho ngi v gia sc, vt nui. Cn c
nhng k hoch trin khai hn ch ti a cc tc ng ca ngun gy nhim ny.
Nh vy, cc tc ng v cht thi rn trong giai on ny ni chung l khng
ng k v c th kim sot d dng.
3.3.4.2. nh hng ca CTR trong giai on thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh
CTR thi ra trong giai on thi cng bao gm cc loi sau:
(1) Rc thi sinh hot ti cc ln tri;
(2) Cht thi rn sinh hot;
(3) Cht thi rn xy dng;
(1) Rc thi sinh hot ti cc ln tri:
LAVIC - 2009
90-
nh hng ca cht thi rn t qu trnh sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cc ln

tm do rc thi sinh hot, cht thi rn t cc vt liu tha khi thi cng cc hng mc
cng trnh. Nu cht thi rn khng c thu gom v x l hp l th c th cn tr
dng chy trong qu trnh thi cng cc cng trnh xy dng, to tin cho qu trnh
ngp lt, ch tc dng chy, gy cn tr lu thng khi vn chuyn cc nguyn vt liu
thi cng n cng trng v hot ng thi cng ca cng nhn. Nhng cht thi rn
cha cc tc nhn gy bnh nu khng c k hoch thu gom, vn chuyn v x l hp
l s to cc nguy c ln i vi mi trng nc, khng kh v gin tip nh hng
n i sng ca cng nhn, ngi dn v ng vt nui xung quanh khu thi cng.
Nh vy, cc nh hng ca cht thi rn i vi cuc sng con ngi v cc
ng vt nui c nh hng ln nn cn c xem xt, nh gi c nhng nhn
nh v c bin php thu gom, vn chuyn, x l thch hp v t c th hn ch cc
tc ng bt li ny.
(2) Cht thi rn sinh hot:
CTR sinh hot l lng thi ti khu tp ktca cng nhn. nhn nhn v
nhng nh hng ca CTR hay CTR sinh hot ny, ti lng cht thi rn trong bng
sau c th d dng nhn thy nhng tnh cht nguy hi v c bin php hp l:
Bng 3.12. Ti lng cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hng mc thi cng

Gii phng mt bng
H thng thot nc ma
H thng thot nc thi
Trm bm nc thi
Trm x l nc thi
u ni h gia nh
Tng cng
Thi lng
thi cng
(thng)
1
12
12
5
18
13
S cng
nhn
(ngi)
15
40
30
15
50
20
170
Ti lng
Thi lng
CTR
CTR (tn)
(kg/ngy)
0,5
0,225
0,5
7,2
0,5
5,4
0,5
1,125
0,5
13,5
0,5
3,9
31,35
Ti lng cht thi rn tnh cho mi ngi l 0,5 kg/ngy, khi , thi lng
CTR tnh cho thi cng hng mc cng trnh thot nc ma , h thng thot nc thi
(12,6 tn CTR), trm bm nc thi v trm x l nc thi (14,625 tn CTR); u
ni h gia nh (3,9 tn CTR), tng cng l 31,35 tn CTR. Nhng nh hng nu
khng thu gom v x l hp v sinh s gy ra nhng tc ng khng tt i vi mi
trng v sc khe cng nhn v ngi dn xung quanh. Cc bin php gim thiu tc
hi ny s c trnh by c th trong chng sau v cc bin php gim thiu.
(3) Cht thi rn xy dng:
Khi lng vt liu xy dng thi ra nh t , g, phn d ca st thp, dy
buc, bao b nhng cht thi rn l kim loi, bao b c th ti s dng c s
c thu gom bi nhng ngi thu mua ph liu, mt s khc c th tn dng trong
un nu c cng nhn thi cng tn dng lm nguyn liu t. mt phn khc c
s dng li cho vic san lp ti ch v thng khi lng cn d khng ln.
LAVIC - 2009
91-
T nhng khi lng cht thi rn nu trn, cc bin php x l v hng dn

c th gim cc tc ng n ngi lao ng v mi trng l iu cn thit. iu
ny s c trnh by c th trong cc bin php gim thiu nhim.
3.3.4.3. Tc ng ca CTR trong giai on vn hnh
i vi giai on ny, khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot c to ra chnh l
thi lng cht thi ca cc nhn vin tham gia vn hnh v kim sot ti khu vc trm
x l v mt phn thi lng t cc song chn rc ca h thng x l trc khi c
a vo quy trnh x l.
(1)Cht thi rn t song chn rc
Ti cc song chn rc, khi lng thu c cc cht thi rn ch yu vn l cc
cht hu c, ti nilon, giy vi khi lng tm tnh l khong 250 kg/ngy. Ti cc
ng thu, h ga cng l ni tch ly mt lng cht thi rn nh bn ng c thnh
phn ch yu l cc cht hu c ang trong giai on phn hy. Hu ht cc cht thi
rn ny d dng phn hy v c th thu gom cng vi khi lng bn thi sau x l.
Do vy, tc ng n mi trng v nhn vin ti cc cng, h ga v trm x l l
khng ng k.
(2) Cht thi rn ca cng nhn vin vn hnh trm x l
Ngun cht thi rn sinh hot ca nhn vin c ti lng tnh theo ngy cho
mi nhn vin l 0,5kg/ngi/ngy. Tng s nhn vin vn hnh trm x l l 26
ngi. Khi , ti lng cht thi rn trong giai on ny l 13kg/ngy. Vic pht sinh
khi lng cht thi sinh hot trong qu trnh vn hnh trm l iu tt yu.
Cc bin php cn c thc hin ng v trong cng tc thu gom, vn
chuyn, x l cc ngun cht thi rn hoc c x l ti khu vc trm trnh nhng
tc ng khng tch cc n sc khe ca cng nhn vn hnh cng nh cc k s
iu hnh trm x l nc thi.
3.3.5. Tc ng n h sinh thi, cnh quan
3.3.5.1. Tc ng n cnh quan v h sinh thi giai on gii phng mt bng
Cnh quan hu nh khng b nh hng i vi cc hng mc thi cng h
thng thot v trm bm tng p. Tuy nhin, i vi khu vc trm x l, cnh quan
ban u b thay i hon ton. Din tch cn s dng l 3,0 ha nn vic pht quang s
lm mt i lp ph v to nn nhng ng, khi thc vt b cht, ct Nhng hin
trng cnh quan ny nhanh chng c Ch thu xy dng ci thin to mt bng
cho qu trnh thi cng.
Cc nh hng n h sinh thi giai on ny i vi khu vc trm x l l
chnh. Cc din tch cho thi cng h thng thot nc ma, h thng thot nc thi v
khu vc thi cng cc trm bm nc thi nm ch yu trn va h v di lng ng;
Do vy, khng mt thi gian cho gii ta, to mt bng. i vi trm x l, din tch
LAVIC - 2009
92-
thu hi ln v mt mt khong thi gian nht nh cho gii phng mt bng. V vy,
trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng c nh hng n h sinh thi trm x l d kin.
Cc din tch thu hi vnh vin khu vc trm x l d kin l rung t cho
canh tc nng nghip nh trng la, hoa mu giai on ny, vic khai ph cc
phn t trong d n to mt bng phc v cho cng tc thi cng nn c tin
hnh u tin, tc ng n h sinh thi khu vc. H sinh thi b thay i v thay th
bng mt h sinh thi khc. V k hoch v khai thng mt bng cng cn c thng
bo cho ngi dn v cc c nhn, tp th lin quan khu vc thi cng .
Do khng nm trong cc khu bo tn, khu di tch cc tc ng ca giai on
ny ch mang tnh cc b v trong mt thi gian khng di; Tc ng n cnh quan
c xem nh l khng ng k. V do , vic gii phng mt bng cn n s hp
tc ca Chnh quyn a phng, s ng tnh ng h ca ngi dn.
3.3.5.2. Tc ng n cnh quan, h sinh thi v ngp lt trong giai on thi cng
* Tc ng n cnh quan v h sinh thi
Thi cng h thng thot nc (nc ma v nc thi) khng gy nhng tc
ng ng k n mi trng cnh quan mc nghim trng. Cc cng on ca
qu trnh thi cng c tin hnh thi cng theo tng giai on v thi cng theo k
hoch lm xong n u thu gom n nn giai on thi cng ch nh hng n
cnh quan trong mt thi gian ngn.
Vi qu trnh thi cng trn va h, mt s ct in b nh hng, t v VLXD
thi cng c xp trn va h nhng khi lng khng ln v lm n u, s dng
ht n . Cnh quan v mi trng ch b nh hng bi cc ng gch, t, VLXD
nhng cng c thu dn nhanh chng.
Khi thi cng cc tuyn cng di lng ng, khong 1/3 din tch ng b
chn li m bo an ton thi cng v giao thng, ch thi cng theo tng on nn
cnh quan khu vc khng b ngn ngang, ba bi v hn ch c nh hng n
ngi dn khu vc thi cng.
Khu vc trm x l nh hng mnh m, qu trnh thi cng c tc ng ln n
h sinh thi v cnh quan. Vic tp kt VLXD, thi cng lm thay i mi trng sng
ca mt s loi. Tuy nhin, khu vc ny l ng rung la, h sinh thi ngho nn cc
nh hng n loi c th c khc phc. Chng s di chuyn n cc h sinh thi
gn hoc vng m nn khng c nhng nh hng ln v loi.
Khi thi cng cc cng trnh ph tr, h sinh thi trong khi thi cng c th coi b
xo trn hon ton do cc tc ng nhn to ca con ngi n mi trng. Qu trnh
ny mc d khng ko di nhng n nh hng ti mt b phn cc c th v cc qun
th sinh vt trong h sinh thi v cnh quan khu vc. Thi gian thi cng din ra trong
thi im nht nh nn ch l nhng tc ng mang tnh cc b v mt b phn
ca h sinh thi c th b thay i hon ton sau khi tin trnh thi cng kt thc.
Tuy nhin, l nhng thay i khng ln, quy m thi cng khng ln v cc c th
c th di chuyn n vng m hoc mi trng xung quanh (c c im tng t
LAVIC - 2009
93-
mi trng ban u ca cc c th ) v c th d dng thch nghi theo c tnh vn

c ca qu trnh u tranh v chn lc trong t nhin. Nh vy, cc tc ng n cnh
quan v h sinh thi ni chung khng ng k.
V, sau khi hon thin cng trnh, cnh quan c khi phc li, tr nguyn
hin trng ban u trn cc tuyn ng, mt s tuyn ng c th c tng cng
thm cc bng cy xanh m bo thm m cho Thanh Ph. Do , c th coi cc
tc ng khi thi cng h thng thot, cc trm bm trn cc tuyn ng c th khng
thay i nhiu cnh quan m ch c nhng thay i trong thi gian ngn v mang tnh
tm thi.
Ting n cng c nh hng n trong giai on ny do tp kt nguyn - vt
liu, hot ng thi cng v cc phng tin vn chuyn nn ting n nh hng trc
tip n hot ng sinh sng ca ngi dn.
* Nguy c ngp lt trong giai on thi cng
Khi thi cng cc tuyn cng thot nc ma v nc thi, trm bm tng p s
dng n 30% mt ng v mt phn va h. Trong thi im khng c ma, lng
t ny c th cn tr dng thot nc thi ra t cc nh dn xung quanh khu thi
cng; Khi ma n, to nn nhng h, rnh o trong thi cng cng thot, trm bm
tng p, to nn nhng im ngp lt cc b, hn ch i li, giao thng ca ngi dn
quanh khu vc v nht l nh hng n tin v cht lng cc cng trnh.
Cn sp xp phng n thi cng hp l, nht l thi gian v tin trnh thi cng
c hiu qu thi cng cao nht m gim thiu ti a nhng tc ng n ngi dn
v gim thiu nguy c gy ngp ng cc b. Thm vo l xin kin v c s ng
h ng tnh ca ngi dn thc y tin thi cng nhanh v thun li hn.
3.3.5.3. Tc ng n cnh quan v h sinh thi trong giai on vn hnh
Trong giai on vn hnh, khi cc h thng thot nc ma v h thng thot
nc thi, trm bm i vo hot ng, hin trng cc on ng s c hon tr
ngay sau khi hon tt qu trnh thi cng v cc on qua trc mt nh dn. Nh vy,
nh hng n cnh quan v h sinh thi xung quanh coi nh khng c tc ng ln.
Ngoi ra, vic trng thm cc di cy xanh hai bn ng sau hon tt thi cng gp
phn ci thin cnh quan v mi trng.
V c bn, tc ng ca vic xy dng trm x l l r rng nht. Mc d vy,
khi d n i vo hot ng, khu rung ban u c thay th bng khu x l vi quy
m v khung cnh hin i, th hin bi h thng trm x l, cc cng trnh ph tr v
hng ro, bng cy xanh... Din tch cho phn ng giao thng v bng cy xanh
chim din tch ch yu trong khu x l. Din tch khong c phn b nh trong
bn thit k mt bng chi tit. Phn cng trnh ny rt quan trng v gp phn ng k
cho vic vn hnh v gim thiu cc tc ng t trm x l. c bit l vic xen c cc
hnh lang cy xanh nh mt lp o chong ngn chn bi v gim ting n sinh ra t
trm bm cp 2 trong trm x l cng nh cc thit b vn hnh khc. Do vy, h sinh
thi khu vc b thay i hon ton v tnh cht v quy m. Nhng nhng tc ng ny
LAVIC - 2009
94-
n h sinh thi i vi cc loi ngthc vt c xem l khng ng k. Cht

lng nc thi t tiu chun TCVN 5945- 2005, loi B trc khi thi ra sng Nm
Rm. Tuy nhin, vi ngun kinh ph hn hp, u im ca cng ngh Mng x ly
sinh hoc v c tnh t nhin ca sng Nm Rm- c th t lm sch trong thi gian
v khong cch nht nh t ngun x Do vy, vic la chn cht lng nc u ra
t loi B l hp l, cc tc ng n i sng sinh vt l hu nh khng c.
Cnh quan thay i theo hng tch cc, th hin s pht trin ca c s h
tng. T , nng cao cht lng cuc sng thng qua s pht trin v hon thin ca
cc c s h tng ni chung. Cc tc ng trn nu c xem xt mt cch cc b th
c nh hng, lm mt h sinh thi hin ti nhng thay vo , xem xt v mt tch
cc th cnh quan thay i nhng th hin v p, din mo ca cuc sng vn minh.
3.3.6. Tc ng n i sng kinh t- x hi
3.3.6.1. Tc ng n kinh t- x hi trong giai on gii phng mt bng
Nhng tc ng n i sng kinh t - x hi khi tin hnh cng tc gii phng
mt bng hu nh khng c nhng tc ng tiu cc m ni bt ln l cc tc ng
mang tnh cht tch cc.
Cc tc ng tch cc n i sng kinh t - x hi t vic thu hi t canh tc
ca cc h trong khu vc thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh; T vic thu hi t ny h
s c thm mt khon tin phc v cho cuc sng trong giai on hin ti. Cc cng
trnh khc hu nh khng nh hng ln. Nhng tc ng c cho l ng k t vic
gii phng mt bng l mt s h dn xung quanh khu vc c th bun bn, cung cp
mt s hng ha, dch v nhng cng c th xut hin cc nh hng xu do thc,
hnh ng khng lnh mnh ca mt s thanh nin gy mt n nh khi gii phng
mt bng.
Ch u t v cc cp chnh quyn a phng cn c cc bin php, c ch v
chnh sch ph hp c th gii quyt tt nht vn n b v trnh nhng nh
hng v mt x hi khng mong mun.
3.3.6.2. Tc ng n kinh t- x hi trong giai on thi cng
Cc tai nn hy hu i vi cng nhn v k s khu vc thi cng
Nguy c xy ra ng quan tm nht l sp cng thot, khi t v vt liu
bn trn c th nng ti c tn, iu ny vt qu sc chng ca nhng ngi tham
gia thi cng bn di. Hu ht nguyn nhn ca cc tai nn ny l do thc chp
hnh v an ton lao ng ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng cha cao. Nhng thao tc
khng an ton v cc iu kin lao ng khng m bo l nhng nguyn nhn gin
tip gy ra tai nn v cc s c.
Hu qu ca cc tai nn ny c th dn n ph hu ti sn, h hng thit b,
gy thng tt khng ng c, nh hng trc tip n sc kho v tnh mng. T
tc ng ln n i sng v s n nh gia nh ca nhng cng nhn ny. Cn c
cc bin php mnh, bt buc phi thc hin ng, y cc quy nh, cc bin php
LAVIC - 2009
95-
bo h trong lao ng nhm hn ch ti a kh nng xy ra tai nn, ri ro, nht l i

vi cc k s, cng nhn tham gia ch o v thi cng trc tip ti cng trng.
Giao thng v nguy c cc tai nn tim n :
i vi h thng thot nc ma, nc thi, trm bm v trm x l nc thi
c thi cng trn cc trc ng chnh. Hu ht cc tuyn ng c chiu di ngn,
b rng khong 4,5- 8m nhng thi cng theo tng on, chim dng din tch lng
ng khong 30%, nhiu phng tin tham gia giao thng nn hot ng ca cc xe
vn chuyn vt liu v qu trnh thi cng trn on ng ny phn no b hn ch.
Khng gian cht hp d gy ra tnh trng n tc giao thng, c bit n tc trong gi
cao im l iu kh trnh khi.
Cc ng ng, cng, mng o p ngn ngang cng cc bi tp kt vt liu,
nu khng c bin bo, hng ro, n bo, bng ch dn hoc ngi ch dn khu vc
thi cng v s khng ch ca ngi tham gia giao thng, nht l vo ban m, lun
tim tng cc tai nn giao thng xung quanh khu vc thi cng.
Cn c cc bin php cho tin , thi lng thi cng vi cc bin php phng
nga cn thit m bo hn ch tt nht s tc nghn giao thng v gim thiu cc
tai nn giao thng khng ng c trong sut thi gian thi cng.
nh hng n i sng kinh t, x hi ca ngi dn khu vc d n:
Khi d n i vo thi cng, cc hot ng nh ngn ng, hn ch lu thng s
phn no nh hng n hot ng hng ngy ca ngi dn, nht l cc h sn xut
kinh doanh. y l cc tc ng khng th trnh khi. Tuy vy, thi gian thi cng
trong giai on ny khng ko di nn nhng nh hng ch din ra trong thi gian
ngn, theo tng cng on thi cng. Cnh quan cng s c khi phc hon ton sau
khi thi cng nn cc tc ng ny c xem l khng ng k.
Tc ng n i sng kinh t v x hi ch mang tnh cht tm thi v cc b
nhng phn no thc y tng trng kinh t vi vic tng thu nhp cho ngi dn khi
c thu nhn trong i ng cng nhn tham gia thi cng v nhn thc ca ngi dn
thng qua hiu bit thm v cng vic cho h thng thot nc, trm bm nc thi,
trm x l nc thi v qu trnh u ni v phng din thi cng v k thut.
Qu trnh thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh cng nh hng kch cu nn nh
hng ti i sng kinh t ca ngi dn. Vic tng nhn khu trong mt thi gian vi
cc nhu cu thit yu (qun o, n ung) thc y s gia tng cc dch v v mc
tiu th ca vng. Do m phn no lm tng mc thu nhp ca dn a phng khi
tham gia hot ng kinh doanh trong thi gian ny. Thm vo , cc cng vic pht
sinh nh cung cp cc trang thit b, thu nhp ca ngi dn khi tham gia mt s phn
vic ph hay mua bn cc loi vt liu, ph liu cho ti s dng phn no tng thu
nhp. Bn cnh , cng xut hin nhiu vn x hi vi s du nhp ca nhiu
ngi. Nhng nh hng nh cc t nn x hi khc. c li sng tt v lnh mnh,
LAVIC - 2009
96-
iu t ra l cn c s phi hp v ph thuc vo thc ca mi ngi dn cng s

gip , ch o ca chnh quyn a phng.
i sng x hi c th c nhng nh hng nhng khng ln v ch mang tnh
cht ngn hn v trong phm vi nh l. Khi cng nhn tham gia thi cng l ngi dn
a phng th c mt s tc ng tch cc n thu nhp v mt s h ln cn cng c
thm thu nhp t vic cung cp dch v trong khu vc thi cng mang tnh tm thi.
nh hng n sc kho cng ng:
Cc hot ng ci to v thi cng cc h thng thot nc ma v h thng
thot nc thi, cc trm bm nc thi, khu vc thi cng trm x l nc thi, h
thng u ni s tc ng trc tip ln cng nhn thi cng v ngi dn vng ln cn.
l cc tc ng ca ting n, bi, kh thi.. .
Tc ng ca ting n v bi l hai tc ng r nt nht. i tng chu tc
ng trc tip l cc cng nhn, ngi dn trong khu thi cng v mt s ngi tham
gia giao thng trn cc tuyn ng ang thi cng. Hm lng bi cao gy cc bnh
v phi, hen suyn, tai, mi, mt... v cn tr tm nhn, nh hng n nhng ngi
tham gia giao thng ng b.
Cc kh thi khc ch yu l CO, SO2, NOx, hydrocacbon, nhim dng ht
(bi, khi). CO gy nh hng n con ngi thng qua vic kt hp vi Hb, thay th
O2 v lm gim hng cu trong mu dn n vic thiu O2 cho cc hot ng sng,
ngng HbCO: 0,1- 0,2ppm gy kh th; 0,3 - 0,4ppm lm yu c bp v c th gy
t vong mc 0,8ppm. nng thp cng gy nh hng xu n b my h hp
ca con ngi v ng vt; nng cao gy ra s bin i bnh l v b my h hp
v c th dn n t vong. NOx tip xc nng 0,06ppm c th gy ra cc bnh
trm trng v phi. Hydrocacbon lm sng ty mng nhy ca phi, thu hp ng phi
v lm sng ty mt, mt s t hp cc Hydrocacbon c th to nguy c gy ung th.
Cc nhim dng ht gy nhng tc ng n con ngi, nng 0,01mg/m3 c th
gy cn tr tm nhn, gy nguy him cho cc phng tin tham gia giao thng, nng
bi nh c th gy bnh hen suyn, vim cung phi, kh thng, vim c phi...
Nh vy, nhng tc ng ny cn c khc phc bng cc bin php c th, s
trnh by trong phn cc bin php gim thiu chng sau.
3.3.6.3. Tc ng n kinh t- x hi trong giai on vn hnh
Vic xy dng trm x l nc thi to ra cng n vic lm v thu nhp n nh
cho mt s nhn vin tham gia vn hnh trm x l. T , lm thay i cuc sng ca
mt s dn c xung quanh trm trong vic cung cp ngun lng thc phm v cc
dch v cn thit cho cc nhn vin trong trm x l.
Do , c cu nn kch cung pht trin theo v y cng l mt trong nhng
hng tng thu nhp cho ngi dn v thc y tng trng kinh t vng ni chung.
Cc tc ng khi thc thi d n trong giai on gii phng mt bng, thi cng
v giai on vn hnh gy nhng nh hng ln i vi mi trng v con ngi. Cc
LAVIC - 2009
97-
tc ng ny ch din ra trong giai on thi cng v s c tr li hin trng mi

trng ban u khi d n kt thc. Cc tc ng cn c x l trit trc khi thi
ra mi trng. Nh vy, cc bin php gim thiu c xut trong chng sau v
cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph vi cc s c mi
trng.
3.4. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT , TIN CY CA CC NH GI
D n u t Xy dng cng trnh H thng thot nc, thu gom
v x l nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph v ci to iu kin v
sinh mi trng thng qua h thng thu gom v x l nc thi sinh
hot. D n s to ra cc tc ng tch cc v mi trng i vi mi
hng mc, cc tc ng tiu cc s l khng ng k so vi ton b
cc tc ng tch cc. Tuy nhin, cc tc ng tiu cc v mi trng
vn c xy ra mt s hng mc. Bo co ny tp trung vo nhng
tc ng tiu cc trong qu trnh thc hin d n ch khng tp
trung tho lun v li ch ca d n hay cc tc ng tch cc trong
mi gi thu.
Cc phng php ly mu, phn tch v thit b s dng o
c cht lng mi trng khng kh c trnh by trong bng sau:
TT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bng 9.1: Cc phng php v thit b phn tch

Thng s
Thit b
Phng php
phn tch
Xc nh
My phn tch SO2
trc
SO2 trong
SA - 633 - KIMOTO Nht Phn tch
tip
ti
hin
trng.
khng kh
Bn
Xc
nh My ly mu kh No-406 Phng php
NOx
trong KIMOTO Nht Bn
ly mu v phn
khng kh
My quang ph (UV- Vis) tch kh - APHAUSA
Xc
nh My phn tch CO
Phn tch trc
CO
trong CO 11M - 897 France
tip ti hin trng
khng kh
Xc
nh My ly mu kh No-701.
Phng
KIMOTO
Nht
Bn
H2S
trong
php ly mu v
khng kh
My quang ph (UV- Vis) phn tch kh APHA-USA
Xc
nh My ly mu kh
Phng php ly
KIMOTO
Nht
Bn.
NH3
trong
mu v phn tch
khng kh
My quang ph (UV- Vis) kh - APHA-USA
Xc
nh Sc k kh GC 14 A No-133.
Phng
LAVIC - 2009
98-
TT
Thng s
Thit b
CH4
trong SHIMADZU - Nht Bn.
khng kh
7.
8.
Bi tng s My ly mu kh dung
tch ln (Sibata-Nht
(TSP)
Bn).
Cn phn tch BP 220
(Mettler Tolendo -Thy
s).
My o n Quest - M.
Mc n
Phng php
phn tch
php ly mu v
phn tch kh APHA-USA
TCVN 5067-1995
TCVN 5965-1995
Mc chi tit: Trong bo co TM, cc nh gi cng ngh p dng, nh

gi mi trng c th hin cc nh gi v:
- Hin trng mi trng nn c nh gi c th da trn cc o
c mi trng ti cc v tr c th trong khu vc thc hin d n;
- Cng ngh la chn cho tng hng mc cng trnh c trnh by
chi tit v r rng;
- Cc tc ng c nh gi khi thc thi d n trong cc giai on
gii phng mt bng, thi cng v vn hnh ln lt c nh gi tc nhn
gy tc ng, tc nhn chu tc ng v tnh cht, nguyn nhn hnh thnh,
tnh cht nh hng, kh nng pht thi, pht thi, c tnh nh lng
- So snh vi tiu chun mi trng hin hnh v mi trng
khng kh, nc, t;
tin cy: tin cy ca bo co c nh gi trn cc d liu, thng tin, s
liu, d liu cung cp v tnh ton. Kh nng, mc tin cy ca nh gi
th hin:
- Tnh hin thc v ph dng: cc kin thu thp thc th t ngi
dn vng d n;
- Tnh chnh xc, c trng, ng b ca s liu: cc s liu v hin
trng mi trng nn v thng tin v khu vc d n;
- Tnh trung thc v chnh xc: Phng php ly mu hin trng
v phn tch trong phng th nghim tun th theo cc quy nh v ly mu
v phn tch cc ch tiu trong b tiu chun Vit nam hin hnh;
- Tnh tin cy: So snh theo cc thng s mi trng trong b tiu
chun v mi trng quy nh (TCVN5937- 2005; TCVN 5938- 1995;
TCVN 5942- 1995; TCVN 5944- 1995; TCVN 5945- 1995; TCVN 72092002; TCVN 5941- 1995 );
- Tnh hp l: Tun th theo cc quy nh chung v TM cho d
n theo thng t s 08/2006/TT- BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006; ngh nh
LAVIC - 2009
99-
80/2006/N- CP ngy 09/08/2006; Ngh nh 21/2008/N- CP ngy

28/02/2008 b sung cho ngh nh 80 v Thng t 05/2008/TT/BTNMT
ngy 08/12/2008 sa i, b sung cho Ngh nh 21/2008/N- CP.
Vy c th nh gi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng trn l y , c
trng, chnh xc v s liu, thng tin lin quan v phng php nh gi; Do vy, bo
co c tin cy cao v hp l v mt php l. N l c s Ch u t, C quan
Mi trng a phng iu chnh v qun l khi thc thi d n theo ng cc quy
nh v mi trng, hn ch tc ng xu n mi trng xung quanh v con ngi.
LAVIC - 2009
Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trn-g 100-
CHNG IV
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S
C MI TRNG
Cc tc ng ca d n n t nhin, mi trng, kinh t - x hi c phn
tch qua cc nh gi c th trong tng giai on d n v cc hng mc cng trnh
chng III. Vi cc tc ng tiu cc v bt li, trong qu trnh thit lp v xy dng
d n, Ch u t phi hp cng cc chuyn gia tham vn d n ht sc ch trng
n vic xut cc bin php gim thiu v khc phc cc tc ng tiu cc theo
tng giai on ca d n.
Cc bin php gim thiu ln lt c trnh by nh sau:
-
Giai on gii phng mt bng;
Giai on thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh;
Giai on vn hnh.
4.1. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU GIAI ON GII PHNG MT BNG

Mc d vic thu hi t c s ng thun ca cc cp
chnh quyn v nhn dn a phng nhng mi vic din ra
thun li, cn phi c s thng nht bng vn bn mc gi n b,
thi gian, th tc tin hnh n b theo ng quy nh ca php
lut v ph hp vi iu kin thc t. Cc bin php c th nh sau:
-
C cc cuc hp gia cc cp lnh o a phng vi tng cm

dn c, phn tch v gii quyt mi thc mc cho dn trc
khi tin hnh n b.
Thng bo bng vn bn hoc trn bn tin hoc thng qua cc

cuc hp n tng h dn c k hoch dn b, gii to.
Cng vic gii to cn thc hin sau v thu hoch nhm trnh
gy nh hng cho vic s dng t ai v canh tc ca ngi
dn v hn ch chi ph n b.
Tnh ton chnh xc khi lng n b v c chnh sch n b

tho ng v hoa mu.
Gii to tng phn, thi cng n u, gii to n . iu

ny rt cn thit trnh lng ph cho dn, trnh ch tc
giao thng.
Lp k hoch n b, gii phng mt bng hp l; tin trnh

thc hin tun th ng Quy trnh thc hin cng tc n
b thit hi gii phng mt bng theo qui nh ca UBND
LAVIC - 2009
tnh in Bin. Cung cp thng tin c lin quan n qu trnh

thc hin d n cho mi i tng trong khu vc cn gii phng
mt bng c bit.
-
iu tra, thng k y s lng cc chng loi ti sn b

thit hi v tho thun vi tng i tng (tng h dn).
Tnh ton chi ph n b tho ng theo khung n gi ca

UBND tnh in Bin v cc chnh sch u tin khc dnh cho
ngi b thit hi do gii phng mt bng.
gim thiu ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng trong
giai on chun b v gii phng mt bng, yu t khng th

thiu l s dng mt khung php l ph hp v lp k hoch cng nh
c ch gii phng mt bng theo ng tin trnh.
C s php l v s dng t c th hin trong lut t ai
ban hnh nm 1993 v b sung nm 2003. Lut nu ln c cu qun
l hnh chnh t ai, xc nh loi t, quyn s dng t,
trch nhim ca ngi s dng v.v.
K hoch n b t c thc hin theo Ngh nh s
197/N-CP ca Chnh ph ban hnh thng 12 nm 2004 v Quy
nh c th ca y ban nhn dn tnh in Bin, y ban nhn
dn thnh ph in Bin Ph ti thi im thu hi t, ng thi
phi nhn c s nht tr ca 100% h dn.
Din tch t, loi t cn thu hi:
Din tch t thu hi cho vic xy dng h thng thot
nc
TT
Hng mc
1 Trm x l nc
3 ha
thi
2 Trm
bm
chuyn tip nc
thi
3 Loi hoa mu
Ng, lc
4 Tuyn ng thot
D110 D500;
nc
L = 71918m
(359.600m2 )
Tm tnh gi n b
Tng kinh ph cn n b khi xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph:
3.000.000.000 ng.
LAVIC - 2009
4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG QU TRNH THI CNG CC

HNG MC CNG TRNH
i vi vic thi cng, lp t cc hng mc cng trnh h thng thot nc ma,
h thng thot nc thi, cc trm bm nc thi, trm x l nc thi v h thng
u ni, khi lng cng vic ln v tc ng trn phm vi tng i rng, trong ton
b qu trnh thc hin d n. V vy, cc bin php gim thiu ch yu c ch trng
gim thiu trong giai on ny.
Phng n a ra cho thi lng thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh l tin hnh
nhanh, gn theo k hoch nh, thc thi theo ng tin thi cng m Ch u t
a ra, thi cng xong n u tin hnh tip n hn ch cc tc ng bt li n
mi trng v cc hot ng sng ca ngi dn trong khu vc d n.
iu ny cng c quy nh r trong giai on u thu v k hp ng hon
thnh theo ng tin , hn ch ch tc v an ton giao thng, m bo v sinh mi
trng, ng thi cng xc nh r nhng bin php x l theo ng quy nh hin
hnh nu vi phm hp ng.
4.2.1. Cac bin phap chung
Cc bin php gim thiu sau y c xut cho cc hot
ng trong giai on thi cng thc hin d n.
-
Thi cng dt im tng khu vc.
Trong tng giai on, khi thi cng s thc hin theo kiu cun
chiu ( di ca mi khc ng cn thi cng ph thuc vo
a hnh thc t, trung bnh khong 2 km cho mt t).
Cng nhn c tuyn chn tham gia thi cng cc cng trnh
ca d n phi l nhng ngi sc kho, c chuyn mn v
tay ngh ph hp cho tng loi cng vic; hiu bit cc qui
nh v an ton lao ng v am hiu v cc bin php
phng nga tai nn lao ng.
Trang b y dng c bo h lao ng cho cng nhn

nh: qun o, giy, ng, gng tay, knh bo him, dy an
ton...
Hn ch ti a pht quang cy ci trong cc khu vc thi cng

ca d n.
iu kin sinh hot n ca cng nhn tham gia thi cng phi
m bo thng thong, c chiu sng, nc sch sinh hot
v khu v sinh c cng trnh t hoi x l cht thi sinh
hot.
B tr hp l l trnh vn chuyn vt liu. Lp k hoch vn
LAVIC - 2009
chuyn ph hp nhm hn ch s di chuyn xe c vo gi cao

im, s dng cc loi xe ph hp trnh tc nghn giao
thng v gy h hng ng s. i vi cc xe vn ti nguyn vt
liu qu kh qu ti phi xin giy php hot ng ca S giao
thng theo quy nh.
-
Hn ch s gia tng bi trong sut qu trnh thi cng bng

nhng cch sau:
Khng v lm ri vi bn, t o (no vt y h,
yknh, mng, h mng cng trnh, mngho t
cng) ra pha ng phc xe ti lu thng.
Dng nhng tm ph cho cc loi xe chuyn ch vt liu
xy dng n cng trng v t n ni cn san lp
mt bng.
Lp lch trnh hot ng hp l cho cc loi xe ti, cc
thit b xy dng gim ti a khi thi ng c.
Kim sot tc ca cc loi xe chuyn ch, c bit
khi qua cc khu dn c cn phi hn ch ti a trnh
gy bi.
Che chn cc khu vc pht sinh bi v phun nc vo cc
khu vc cn thit gim bi.
Khi o mng t cng trong khu vc trng trt, lp t b
mt (lp t trn cng dy 250mm) s c tch ring khi lp

t su v cc vt liu khc c th s dng ti lp ph v
sau to mi trng sng ca h ng vt. Lp mng t cng
phi m bo ng yu cu k thut do t vn thit k ch
nh c th cho tng on, tuy nhin cn c nn cht
trnh b xi mn.
-
Hn ch xi mn t bng cch ri si nhng ni cn

thit. Thc hin cng tc khi phc thm thc vt ngay sau khi
xy dng xong.
Hn ch nh hng ti h thc vt trn cn trong qu trnh lp

t cc tuyn cng:
Cha li nhng cy nh, bi thp v c c th gi li c

khi o mng t cng;
Sau khi hon thnh cng tc xy lp, cn trng li ngay
thm thc vt bng cc loi cy sng khu vc ,
tr cc loi cy r su khng cho php c th thay th
bng loi cy thch hp khng gy nh hng n an
ton ca cng trnh.
Xy dng ng ng hoc knh dn nc tm thi nu qu
trnh xy dng nh hng ti h thng ti, tiu, thot nc ca
LAVIC - 2009
a phng v phc hi li h thng b nh hng ngay sau khi

hon thnh qu trnh xy dng.
-
Gim ti a thi gian xy dng, lp t gim bt nh hng ti cuc sng ca dn c trong khu vc, c bit ti cc v
tr ng cng i qua khu dn c v ct ngang ng giao
thng.
Xem xt p dng k thut xy dng, lp t hin i v

thch hp trnh gy nh hng ti cc hot ng ca con
ngi ti cc khu vc nhy cm.
Nguyn liu, vt liu thi b t cc hot ng trong sut qu

trnh xy dng v lp t phi c t chc thu gom kp
thi v trit t ngun thi thun tin cho vic ti s
dng, ti ch, tiu hu hoc thi b ti cc bi thi c qui
nh.
c bit vic sp xp v b tr ti mt bng thi cng phi

m bo:
Cc c s vt cht phc v cho thi cng xy dng nh
nh n, ngh ngi, y t v v sinh ...
Phi lp hng ro che chn cch ly, bin bo ....
Thit k chiu sng phc v cho vic thi cng nhng
khu vc cn thi cng vo ban m.
Nhng bin php nu trn l nhng bin php c bn bo
v mi trng, an ton lao ng v sc khe cng nhn v ngi

dn trong khu vc trin khai d n. Ngoi ra trong qu trnh thi
cng ty theo cc tc ng v nh hng ti cc thnh phn mi trng
khc nhau s a ra cc bin php c th hn hn ch mc
nh hng n mc ti a.
4.2.1. Cac bin phap giam thiu nhim khng khi va ting n
4.2.1.1. Cac bin phap ngn nga va gim thiu nhim bui
-
i vi cc cng trnh thi cng (c bit cc cng trnh thi

cng trn cao) v cc phng tin vn chuyn cc loi vt liu
phc v cho thi cng v bn cn nn p dng cc bin php
che, chn trnh bi pht tn ra xa. Sau khi lm vic xong
cc phng tin ny phi tr v ng ni qui nh.
S dng cc loi phng tin, xe chuyn dng vn chuyn

nguyn vt liu phc v thi cng san lp mt bng cng nh thi
cng lp t cc tuyn cng thot nc qua ng v dc -
LAVIC - 2009
ng giao thng. Cc loi xe s dng phi c kim tra cht lng

theo tiu chun an ton giao thng v mi trng hin hnh bi
c quan chc nng trc khi a vo vn hnh.
-
Cc khu tp kt vt liu phi c mi che hoc bt che chn

khng nc ma ra tri, gi khng cun theo t , ct ....
iu ny hn ch c kh nng pht sinh ra bi cng nh gim
kh nng tht thot nguyn vt liu trong qu trnh thi cng.
Trong qu trnh ct ng, o mng t cng thot nc

qua ng, dc ng giao thng phi c bin bo hiu, ngi hng dn giao thng, s dng cc bin php cch ly, che chn
hn ch mc pht thi hm lng bi pht tn ra mi trng
khu vc dn c ln cn.
Ngoi ra cn phi thng xuyn ti nc ra ng, qut ht chng

bi: m bo chng bi trong qu trnh ct ng, o
mng t cng dc theo cc tuyn ph s s dng cc xe
chuyn dng ti nc ra ng v ht bi trn cc tuyn vn
chuyn gn khu vc dn c xung quanh d n.
Ngn nga v gim bi trong qu trnh thi cng bng cch ti

nc hng ngy hoc nh k cc tuyn ng phc v cho thi
cng.
t d sau khi thi cng phi vn chuyn ngay n ni quy

nh khi on thi cng xong, nu gy ri vi ra ng lm
nh hng n v sinh chung s phi t chc ngi thu gom kp
thi.
4.2.1.2. Kim soat va bin phap giam thiu nhim khi sinh ra trong thi cng:
Bin php ngn nga v gim thiu nhim do kh thi bng
cch:
-
Khng s dng xe, my thi cng qu c do lng kh thi s vt

qu tiu chun cho php. p dng cc bin php thi cng hin
i, c gii ho, vn hnh v ti u ho cc qu trnh thi cng.
i vi cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn, nhin, vt liu c

trng ti ln phi c k hoch v bin php t chc xe vo ra
hp l, hot ng theo ng giy php ca S giao thng cp,
khng c php n tc gy nhim khng kh do kh thi
ng c cng nh gy n tc giao giao thng.
Bo dng my thng xuyn gim lng kh thi pht sinh.
LAVIC - 2009
4.2.1.3. Kim soat va cac bin phap giam thiu nhim ting n va rung sinh ra
trong thi cng:
Bin php ngn nga v gim thiu nhim ting n bng
cch:
-
Qui nh tc xe, my mc khi hot ng trong khu vc

ang thi cng v khu dn c.
Trong khi thi cng cc phng tin ln hot ng thn trng

khi lm nh hng n cc khu vc dn c xung quanh. Ti cc
khu khng bng phng cc phng tin xe c phi gim tc
gim rung v m bo an ton.
Nhng my mc gy ra ting n v rung ch lm vic ban

ngy, tuyt i khng lm vic t 0.00h n 5.00 gi sng.
Khng s dng cc my thi cng qu c bi v chng s gy ra

ting n rt ln.
Lp t cc thit b gim n ti cc khu vc gy ra mc n

cao (trm bm, cc my nn kh).
4.2.3. Cac bin phap gim thiu nhim nc

gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ca qu trnh thi cng
n ngun nc cn p dng cc bin php sau:
-
Gim thiu nhim nc mt trong qu trnh thi cng

Trong qu trnh thc hin cng tc t s to ra lng bn t
tha, ri vi khi a ln cc phng tin chuyn ch, c kh nng gy

nhim nc nh ch tiu mu, hm lng cn l lng cao. V mt
k thut, gim thiu ngun gy nhim ny, c th p dng
cc bin php sau:
-
S dng cc loi xe chuyn ch c thng xe kn trnh nc bn

t r r, ri vi trn ng vn chuyn.
Vic thi cng s tin hnh vo ma kh ng thi d thi

cng v kim sot vic t b ra tri xung knh mng,
sng h v ng rung.
S dng ti a kh nng ca cc phng tin thi cng c gii

khi iu kin mt bng thi cng cho php, gim lng bn
t ri vi do vn chuyn v rt ngn thi gian thi cng.
Trong qu trnh thi cng, du m v ph thi du m t cc phng tin vn ti v my mc phi thu gom v thi b ng
qui nh trnh lm nhim ngun nc.
Trong qu trnh thi cng lp t tuyn cng ct ngang -
LAVIC - 2009
ng v dc theo cc tuyn ph cn kho st, nh v cc cng

trnh ngm ca ngi dn nh ng ng cp nc, thot nc, ng in, in thoi v.v... trnh khng lm hng cc cng
trnh ny. i vi cc ging nc, b cha nc sinh hot ca dn
c dc theo tuyn ng thi cng phi s dng cc bin php che
chn khng bi, nc bn xm nhp vo cc ngun nc ny,
m bo sinh hot bnh thng ca nhn dn trong khu vc
d n.
-
Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn: m bo v sinh mi trng lm vic cho cng nhn cng nh dn c cho khu vc thi
cng, n v trng thu s phi xy dng hoc lp t cc
loi nh v sinh cng cng, c th di ng c th tt nht.
Loi cht thi ny phi c thu gom x l trc khi x vo ngun.
Ho cht, vt liu xy dng, nhin liu t, phi c bo

qun ng quy nh.
4.2.4. Cac bin phap gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng t

Cc tc ng cn ch nht l m bo sau khi thi cng khng xy ra cc s c
v st ln va khng m bo m quan va khng p ng c nng lc thot nc.
Vic gim thiu i vi trm x l nc thi c vai tr quan trng trong cc hng mc
cng trnh thi cng ca ton b d n.
Cc hng mc cng trnh vi khi lng thi cng ln, nh hng khng nh
n mi trng t v sc khe ngi dn v ngi cng nhn trc tip thi cng. Do
vy, cc bin php gim thiu l iu khng th b qua v cn c nh thi cng p
dng cht ch v nghim ngt theo ng cam kt thi cng v bo v mi trng.
Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng c cp bao gm:
- Khi o p thi cng cc tuyn mng, cng thot nc v thi cng trm x
l, mt khi lng t kh ln c pht sinh. khi lng t ny cn c

tn dng san lp ti ch trong hon tr hin trng b mt, phn cn li c
tp kt v vn chuyn n san nn trm x l. X l 100% lng t thi ra
ti ch;
- Bn thi khi no vt mng khi tp kt cn c k hoch rc vi ngn
nga bnh tt lan truyn cho cng nhn, ngun t tip nhn v cn c vn
chuyn n bi thi hp v sinh x l an ton. X l trit 100% lng bn
thi nh hng n mi trng v sc khe cng nhn thi cng trc tip;
- Vi cc s c t b ln, ph hu kt cu t nhin, cn c cc tnh ton c
th ti lc, t trng v sc bn vt liu s dng trong thi cng c cc bin

php d phng cn thit. C k hoch cho gim st ln cng trnh: 1 ln/
tng thi lng thi cng cho cc tuyn ng; 1-2ln/ tng thi gian thi cng cc
LAVIC - 2009
hng mc cng trnh trm x l. Tuy nhin, tn xut gim st, o c ln s

gim theo tng nm khi d n i vo hot ng v ty thuc vo tnh hnh
thc t khu thi cng. Do vy, lun ch ng trong vic gim st cht lng
cng trnh thi cng.
4.2.5. Cac bin phap gim thiu nhim cht thai rn
Cc bin php gim thiu cc cht thi rn:
-
b t tha, bn v cn t qu trnh thi cng hon chnh

tng hng mc v n v cng trnh to ra ng qui nh.
Lp cc ni qui v v sinh v bo v mi trng trong tp th

cng nhn v ln tri trong c cc ch thng pht.
Tp hun cho cng nhn cc qui nh v bo v mi trng.
Thnh lp cc t thu gom hoc k hp ng vi cng ty v

sinh mi trng t chc thu gom rc thi v b vo ni
qui nh.Thu gom rc thi v b vo ni qui nh.
4.2.6. Gim thiu cc tc ng n cnh quan

- Khi tin hnh thi cng ci to v xy dng mi cc tuyn thot (cho h
thng thot nc ma, nc thi, trm bm, trm x l nc thi) s to ra

mt lng ln t , vt liu xy dng, cc vt liu ph lp nh hng n
mi trng xung quanh; p dng hng ro chn st ng thi cng hoc bng
ti cy xanh di ng m bo m quan cho Thanh ph;
- Vic tp kt vt liu v u xe cng l vn khng nh nh hng n
m quan khu vc. Cn b tr thch hp cc khu cha tm thi m bo din
tch cho vic tp kt vt liu v u xe hp l.
- Tp kt cng nhn thi cng ti cc ln tri tm khu thi cng nn cn b tr
hp l hn ch cc tc ng t sinh hot n cnh quan.
- p dng phng php thi cng cun chiu s dng hiu qu thi gian v
nhn lc trong thi cng cng nh hn ch cc nh hng n cnh quan khu
vc.
4.2.7. Gim thiu tc ng n giao thng v ngp lt trong qu trnh thi cng
* Gim thiu tc ng n giao thng
- Khi tin hnh thi cng, vic nh hng n giao thng l iu khng th
trnh khi i vi tt c cc cng trnh nn cn t chc phn lung giao thng
hp l, cn yu cu nh thu thi cng cm bin bo thi cng, c ngi hng
dn phn lung giao thng, c n bo hiu ban m, cc bin ch dn c th
theo cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton giao thng;
LAVIC - 2009
- Bin bo cng trnh phi c tn n v thi cng, n v ch qun, a ch v
in thoi ca ngi lin lc c th trong cc trng hp khiu ni hoc phn

nh cc vn ny sinh;
- Nh thu phi lp k hoch chi tit thi gian cm ng l t nht hoc
vo gi thp im v giao thng. Cng ng dn c v cc n v kinh doanh

trong khu vc cn c thng bo trc lch trnh thi cng trc 2 tun trn
cc phng tin thng tin i chng (i pht thanh, truyn hnh, loa phng
thanh ti cc phng thi cng);
- Cng tc ny s c phi hp vi Cnh st giao thng, S Giao thng Vn
ti v cc c quan lin quan phi hp thc hin.
* An ton lao ng v bin php gim thiu s c trong qu trnh thi cng
An ton trong lao ng l vn rt quan trng, khng ch lin quan n
sc kho, tnh mng ca nhng ngi trc tip thi cng m cn nh hng rt
ln tin cng nh cht lng cng trnh.
m bo an ton trong qu trnh o p cn xy dng mt chng
trnh c th v thi gian v trnh t thi cng m bo s n nh ca cc b phn
cng trnh, b tr cc tuyn thi cng hp l hn ch s di chuyn, b tr mt bng
thi cng hp l khng gy cn tr qu trnh giao thng hng ngy. Trong khi
khoan ct mt ng, o su xung t c cng thot nc cn phi
khoanh vng, c bin bo, nhng ch nguy him hn phi c ngi hng dn
giao thng. Khi vic t cng cha xong, mt bng cha tr v nguyn trng, cn
phi ro li hoc c chiu sng v ban m trnh hin tng ngi tham gia
giao thng b ng, tht xung cc h, rnh su
Tuy nhin cng phi c bin php m bo an ton cho cn b v cng
nhn ang thi cng trong cng trng. ng giao thng b cn phi c xem
xt b tr hp l, trnh s n tc, va chm ca cc phng tin chuyn ch
nguyn vt liu, phi c h thng cc tiu, bin bo cc khu vc nguy him, li
ra v li vo u c ch dn bng bin bo. c bit cc khu vc thi cng c
dc cao, trn khi ma xung, cn lu n bin php chng trt cho cc xe
ti ch vt liu c ti trng ln.
Trn y l mt s bin php chung nhm m bo an ton cho ngi lao
ng ti khu vc thi cng, tuy nhin cc bin php c hiu qu tht s th cn
thc, trch nhim ca ngi thc hin cc bin php . Cn b v cng nhn
trong cng trng phi tuyt i chp hnh cc ni quy v an ton lao ng
c xy dng:
- Cng nhn khi vn hnh cc loi my mc thi cng phi c hun luyn v
thc hnh cc thao tc kim tra, vn hnh ng k thut;
LAVIC - 2009
- Cng nhn phi c trang b cc phng tin bo h c nhn, v cng nhn

c trch nhim mang cc phng tin bo h khi lm vic nh: Qun o
bo h, m knh, gng tay;
- My mc thi cng phi c l lch r rng theo di v kim tra cc thng
s k thut thng xuyn, m bo qa trnh vn hnh c tt;
- Do cng vic thi cng thng phi thc hin c vo bui ti, v vy chiu
sng l iu kin cng nhn c th thc hin tt cng vic v m bo
an ton;
- Cng nhn cng c lm quen vi vic s cu khi tai nn xy ra, ti cng
trng cng phi c cn b ph trch v an ton, c trang b cc phng tin
s cu n gin;
- Cc loi nhin liu phc v cho my mc thi cng, phi c ct gi an
ton, trnh xy ra chy n.
4.2.8. Gim thiu tc ng n sc kho v i sng kinh t- x hi
Cc nh hng ny cn c ch c bit v tnh cht ca n kh nhy cm.
Cc tc ng ny nh hng trc tip v nhanh chng i vi ngi dn trong hoc
xung quanh khu vc d n. Nu khng c bin php gim thiu hp l s nh hng
n mc p ng, gip v ng h ca ngi dn khi thc thi d n. V vy,
chng ti a ra cc phng n sau gim thiu tc ng:
- Chun b chng trnh iu phi giao thng trn tuyn thi cng, ti a l
100m; Kt hp vi c quan chc nng nh s Giao thng vn ti, cnh st a

phng... trnh ch tc giao thng, nht l ti cc nt nhy cm;
- ng cc hng ng sau khi thi cng mi ngy v ro h h cng cc bin
bo, n bo cn thit;
- Thi b cht thi ng ni quy nh, tun th cc quy nh v thi;
- Trang b cc bo h lao ng cn thit cho ngi trc tip thi cng;
- Tin hnh thi cng theo tin trnh cun chiu v sp xp thi lng thi cng
hp l hn ch ti a cc tc ng n ngi dn quanh khu vc thi cng

cc cng thot;
- Tham kho v hi kin ngi dn ni tp kt, lu tr vt liu thi v vt
liu xy dng;
- Thi cng nhanh chng, ng tin , trnh hin tng tr tr nh hng n
giao thng i li, nht l cc h sn xut kinh doanh.
- Cn c bin php ch ti i vi nh thu nu khng thc thi ng hp
ng. Thit k din tch hp l cho cc di v cc bng cy xanh xung quanh

khu vc trm x l to cnh quan ng thi gp phn gim thiu cc tc
ng n khng kh, ci thin bu khng kh cho nhn vin vn hnh d n.
LAVIC - 2009
4.3. BIN PHP GIM THIU NHIM TRONG GIAI ON VN HNH

i vi giai on vn hnh, h thng thot nc ma, nc thi khng gy ra
tc ng no ng k; trm bm tng p vic pht sinh ting n do vn hnh my bm,
cc nhim bi v cc kh c hi t vic s dng DO nhng ni chung khng ng
k; trm x l v cc cht nhim khc c pht sinh khi vn hnh my mc, thit b
t trm bm v cht thi rn pht sinh do bn ti cc song chn rc v cht thi rn
sinh hot ca cng nhn vin vn hnh trm x l. Trong thit k cc trm bm nc
thi v trm x l nc thi, my pht in d phng c tnh ton v a vo nhm
phng nga khi c s c cp in, m bo cng sut vn hnh theo thit k.
Vic p dng cc bin php gim thiu cho qu trnh vn hnh trm bm v
trm x l nhm hn ch cc tc ng n mi sinh- mi trng l mc tiu ra cn
c ch o, hng dn v gim st thc hin c th. Bin php gim thiu c
cp i vi tng mi trng chu tc ng nh sau:
4.3.1. Gim thiu nhim mi trng t h thng thu gom
Nh trnh by trong chng nh gi Tc ng Mi trng, khi
h thng thu gom nc thi hot ng, rt d b tc nghn bi nhiu
nguyn nhn, do nguyn nhn quan trng nht l thc ngi
dn. Nc thi t cc h gia nh nu ln rc sinh hot th vn
ny chc chn xy ra. Gii php khc phc bao gm:
-
Bo tr v bo dng theo nh k h thng cng, ng ng

thot nc, trm bm nc thi, trnh hin tng kt, lm vic qu
mc.
Nc thi t nh dn cn c x l s b trc khi a v h

thng x l tp trung, mt mt gim kinh ph x l cui
ngun, mt mt gim nguy c tc nghn ng ng vn
chuyn. Khng ring nc thi t nh v sinh, m nc thi t nh
tm, t nh bp cng cn phi c loi b s b rc v cc
cht thi rn bng cch t cc li chn rc ti tt c cc v
tr c th (bn ra bt, nh tm, chung tri... v cui cng l
li chn trc im u ni t h gia nh vo h thng thu
gom ca khu ph)
Gio dc cng ng: Vic xy dng v vn hnh h thng thu

gom v x l nc thi l mt vic lm hon ton mi, khng
nhng vi ngi dn a phng m cn vi c cc cp, cc
ngnh v n v qun l. V vy, bin php gio dc cng
ng cn c t ra ngay t khi h thng bt u c xy
dng v ko di trong sut qu trnh hot ng. V c bn,
ni dung ca gio dc cng ng bao gm:
LAVIC - 2009
ngha sng cn ca vic Bo v Mi trng, c bit

l bo v s trong sch ca ngun nc.
Cc bin php c th ngi dn c th thc hin d
dng.
Cc hnh thc x pht vi hnh ng gy nhim mi
trng.
Mc khen thng c th vi nhng ngi c thc bo v
mi trng (chng hn nh vic pht hin s c mi trng
hoc t gic chp hnh cc iu l...)
4.3.2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng t khu vc tram x ly nc thai

4.3.2.1. Giam thiu nhim mi trng trong trng hp h thng thoat nc gp
s c ky thut
Cc kh nng s c c th xy ra:
-
Tc nghn, r r, v ng ng thu gom nc thi
S c ti cc trm bm: my bm hng, mt in
S c ti cc trm x l nc thi: My mc hng (my bm, my

khuy, my my nn bn, my bm ho cht,...), mt in.
Tc nghn, r r, v ng ng thu gom nc thi:

y l hin tng rt d xy ra do 2 nguyn nhn:
Nguyn nhn k thut
thc ngi s dng
+ Nguyn nhn k thut: ng ng thu gom khng c xy
dng bng vt liu tt hoc khng c t n su cn
thit; cc ca chn rc cha dy. Nh u t cn qun trit
ngay t trc khi xy dng, cng tc gim st khi lp t ng
ng phi ht sc nghim ngt. Chng loi ng phi cc tiu
chun k thut khng b gy, nt khi c lc nn ngang,
nn ng. su chn cng phi ln trnh tc ng
trng lc.
-
Ti cc im u ni vo nh dn: li chn rc phi t dy

m bo rng ch nc thi mi c kh nng i qua (bn
cn, rc u c gi li).
Khi c s c phi c ngay ngi n hin trng tm

nguyn nhn hoc khc phc tm thi.
ngh ngi s dng bo ngay cho c quan qun l gn nht

khi pht hin s c.
+ thc ngi s dng: y l vn khng ca ch u t m

LAVIC - 2009
ca cc cp, cc ngnh v nhn dn thnh ph in Bin Ph,

c bit l c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng. Cng tc
gio dc tuyn truyn cn c tin hnh lin tc, rng khp t
cc c quan, trng hc n t dn ph v cc h gia nh
m bo rng: mi tng lp trong cng ng dn c thnh
ph khng phn bit gii tnh, tui tc, ngh nghip u c
thc bo v mi trng, trong c h thng thu gom v x
l nc thi ca a phng m h sinh sng.
S c ti cc trm bm chuyn tip nc thi:
Cc s c thng xut hin l my bm hng hoc mt in.
khc phc tnh trng ny, ti cc trm bm phi lun lp t
my bm d phng (tu trm bm c tin cy mc no v cng
sut bao nhiu m t s lng my bm d phng), in c ly t
t nht 2 ngun. Trong trng hp ti khu vc trm bm ch c 1
ngun in th phi t cc my pht in d phng.
S c ti cc trm x l nc thi:
Cc s c c th xy ra ti trm x l nc thi:
+ My mc hng (my bm nc thi, my khuy, my bm
bn,...). khc phc, ti trm x l phi lun c my d phng,
ng thi c i ng cng nhn lnh ngh sa cha kp
thi. Bn cnh , my mc phi c bo dng, kim tra nh
k v thay th ph tng khi cn thit.
+ Mt in: Ti trm x l phi c t nht 2 ngun in v phi
c my pht in d phng vi cng sut ln cung cp
cho cc thit b quan trng nht ca h thng x l nc
thi nh: my bm nc thi, my khuy, my bm ho cht. iu
ny m bo rng, trong mi trng hp h thng x l nc thi
vn hot ng tt.
4.3.2.2. Giam thiu nhim mi trng khng khi
X l mi gm 3 bin php sau:
La chn v tr t trm x l nc thi
p dng cc gii php k thut
Qun l v gim st thng xuyn
Gii php la chn v tr trm x l:
- khc phc hin tng mi hi t trm x l nc thi c th
pht tn n khu dn c, gii php la chn l v tr t trm
x l nc thi khng nm trong khu dn c tp trung,v tr la
LAVIC - 2009
chn u t yu cu v mi trng, c th l:
-
Xung quanh khu vc trm x l khng c khu dn c tp trung
Din tch dnh cho ton b h thng trm x l rt rng

(khong 3 ha) cho nn kh nng nh hng n mi trng xung
quanh khng ng k
Khong cch n nh dn gn nht > 500m, vi khong cch

ny, cng vi khng gian rng l iu kin tt, khuch
tn mi t trm x l (nu c) trc khi n nh dn.
Trng cy xanh cng l mt gii php tch cc, mt mt lm

p cnh quan mi trng, mt mt gip cho mi trng khng
kh tr nn sch hn. Mi hi ca trm x l ch yu pht sinh
khu vc cha bn nn cc h bn cn c b tr pha cui hng gi ch o.
Bin php k thut

- Bin php k thut (p dng ngay trong bn thn cng ngh
x l mi ca dy chuyn x l, trong qu trnh lp t, k
thut xy dng v s dng vt liu xy dng)
-
Bin php qun l v gim st (mang tnh b tr, phng nga

v ngn chn c s c), phi tin hnh thng xuyn v lu
di trong sut qu trnh vn hnh h thng.
Thnh phn cht hu c c trong bn, trm tch tn ti lu

ngy di y cng, nc thi sinh hot ca cng ng dn c
trong iu kin k kh b phn hu sinh ra mi hi thi l
iu khng trnh khi. Do vy, vic thu dn phn t cc b
t hoi v cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng trong khu vc, vn
chuyn v x l bn cn v no vt ng cng thot nc ng
k hn v quy trnh l phn vic nht thit phi lm.
Lng kh thi sinh ra t trm bm tng p, trm x l nc thi

ch yu do qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c c trong nc
thi v mt phn rc thi t song chn rc. Lng kh ny
khng tp trung, kh thu gom x l. Do , bin php tt
nht l to iu kin thng thong trong khu vc ny
trnh nh hng trc tip n cng nhn qun l, vn hnh
cng trnh cng nh dn c xung quanh.
C th dng bin php thit k thng hi cho ng cng thot

nc hay qut gi bn trong cng trnh, trng hng ro cy
xanh xung quanh khu vc tng ro trm x l nc thi gim
LAVIC - 2009
thiu s lan to cc kh c hi ra khu vc xung quanh. Trm

x l nc thi c quy hoch khu vc bng phng, lng gi,
c iu kin thng thong tt, gim ti a nh hng ti mi
trng khng kh khu vc d n.
-
Thit k ng ng sc cn y ngn thu trm bm, trnh

lng cn v thi ra, sinh mi. Thng xuyn kim tra, sc ra,
trch tc ng ng sc cn.
Rc thu gom t song chn rc c ng trong thng chuyn

dng, c np kn, c thu nc r r, chy vo mng dn ti
ngn thu ca trm bm. Chu k vn chuyn ti bi chn lp quy
nh khng qu 2 ngy. Trong trng hp cha kp vn chuyn
i, phi rc vi bt trnh cn trng xm nhp v y
np kn.
Trm x l nc thi cn tun th nghim ngt cc quy trnh k

thut vn hnh h thng, Trm x l phi c vn hnh thng
xuyn, khng h thng x l gin on, ngng vn hnh s
to iu kin cho cc qu trnh phn hy nc thi sinh kh
H2S gy ra nhim mi khu vc Trm x l. Bn cnh phi
thng xuyn v sinh, nh thng xuyn lm sch, thng tc cc
ng ng, thit k h thng thng hi, ht kh v x l kh
thi, cc cng trnh c thit k np che v x l qua vt liu
hp ph bng than hot tnh,...
Bn thi phi c phi kh v vn chuyn nh k, khng

lu cu, trnh phn hy sinh ra mi, cc loi kh c.
B tng ha hoc s dng cc ng nha kn cho qu trnh dn

v thot nc thi, trnh thot mi v nh hng n h thng nc
ngm.
Tun th cc nguyn tc bo h lao ng nh trang b cho

cng nhn mt n phng hi c, ng, gng... Tp hun v
thng xuyn kim tra v k thut an ton lao ng v x l
tnh hung s c cho cng nhn. Tri nha ng cc ng
dn ti trm bm, trm x l nc thi trnh bi.
Bin php qun l:

- Vn chuyn v no vt ng cng thot nc ng k hn v
quy trnh, cn thit phi c h thng che y kn ton b ng cng dn nc thi trnh vic pht sinh mi t do vo mi trng.
LAVIC - 2009
4.3.2.3. Giam thiu nhim mi trng nc

Vn quan trng nht i vi trm x l nc thi l phi m
bo cht lng nc thi theo ng TCVN 5945 - 2005, ct B qui nh
v cht lng nc thi trc khi x ra mi trng.
L do la chn ct B lm cn c, TCVN 5945 - 2005
Ngun tip nhn nc thi u tin ca trm x l thnh ph
in Bin Ph l cc sng, rch thot nc,v ngun tip nhn cui l
sng Nm Rm. Khong cch t trm x l n sng Nm Rm
khong 100m. Cc cng, rch thot nc ti thnh ph in Bin Ph
khng phi l ngun nc dng cho mc ch sinh hot, sng Nm
Rm cng khng phi l ngun nc dng cho mc ch sinh hot. Nn
vic la chn ct B l ng theo quy nh php l hin hnh v
mi trng.
Cc bin php m bo tiu chun cht lng nc thi:
Trc ht, phi m bo rng, nc thi a n trm x l ch
bao gm nc thi sinh hot t nh dn v cng s (loi nc thi c
thnh phn cc cht nhim d b phn hy sinh hc). Nu trong
nc thi c cc cht c hi (t ngun thi ca cc c s sn xut
chng hn nh m kim loi) s lm v hiu ha hoc gim kh nng
hot ng ca vi khun, dn n kh nng lm sch nc gim. Nh
vy cn phi c s can thip ca chnh quyn a phng, c
bit l n v qun l nh nc v mi trng, buc cc c s sn
xut phi xy dng cng trnh x l nc thi.
Khi m bo rng nc thi c dn n trm x l ch bao
gm nc thi c thnh phn tng t nc thi sinh hot, iu quan
trng m bo nc sau x l t tiu chun l mng xy ha
phi hot ng tt, lng bn hot tnh phi c cung cp u n
v c th phi b sung N, P trong trng hp cn thit, v cui cng
nc thi phi c kh trng bng Clo trc khi x ra mi trng
Cht lng nc phi c kim tra nh k 1 tun 1 ln ti ca x
ra sui. Vi d n thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi, Clo c dng
kh trng cho trm x l nc thi. S c c th xy ra l n
bnh cha Clo. V vy, cn phi m bo s an ton bng cch
kim tra an ton ca bnh cha Clo bng cc thit b chuyn
dng. Kho cha bnh Clo cn c t cch xa khu vn phng hoc
ni cng nhn thao tc.
LAVIC - 2009
4.3.2.4. Cac bin phap giam thiu nhim mi trng t

-
Thng xuyn bo dng, thng ra, no vt ng cng thot nc

thu gom rc, thng tc,... theo ng quy trnh k thut.
Thng xuyn kim tra, theo di cc hin tng nt v, r r h

thng cng dn nc thi, cng nh cc cng trnh trn h thng
nh trm bm, trm x l nc thi,... c bin php x l kp
thi, trnh gy nhim mi trng t v nc ngm.
Quy hoch, xy dng k hoch thu gom v x l rc thi t cc

thit b nh: Song chn rc ca trm bm, trm x l nc thi.
Quy hoch vic thi b bn, cn tch nc t cng trnh lm
kh bn v ct, cn v c t b lng ct. Bn c th tn dng
lm phn bn. Cn (t, ) c th dng san lp mt bng.
Mt bng trm x l nc thi c b tng ho hay lt gch, c

h thng thu gom nc chy trn, nc ma. Cc khu t trng
hay vn cy, vn hoa phi c rnh thot nc xung quanh.
Khu tp kt bn cn kh, tch nc ch xe n chuyn ch

c mi che t cui hng gi v c rnh thu nc ma xung
quanh.
4.3.2.4. Cac bin phap giam thiu nhim do bun va cht thai rn
Bn cn sinh ra t trm x l nc thng cha cc cht hu c
d b phn hy, thi ra v cc vi khun gy bnh, nu khng c
cc bin php kim sot v thu gom mt cch hp l s sinh ra mi hi
thi gy nhim mi trng khng kh v ly lan bnh tt. Do vy
cn phi tch v vn chuyn ra bi chn lp cht thi rn chung ca
a phng hoc p kh lm phn bn.
Thng thng, bn d t cc trm x l, bn no vt t vic duy tu
h thng thot nc cha cc cht hu c vi hm lng khong 70
80% theo cht kh.
Bn d t trm x l nc thi, trm bm, bn no vt t h thng
knh, mng, cng thot nc cha hm lng pht pho kh cao, v vy
nu lm kh c th s dng bn ny lm phn bn, trnh thi b
lng ph.
4.3.4. Gim cc tc ng n h sinh thi v kinh t x hi
-
Tr li quang cnh xanh quanh khu vc trm x l nc thi;
To bng v cc di cy xanh xung quanh khu vc trm x l,

khu nh v khu vn hnh ca cng nhn;
-
LAVIC - 2009
C k hoch gio dc cng ng, nng cao thc mi trng cho

ngi dn khng ch trong vng d n c th vn hnh hiu qu cng
vi s ng h ca ngi dn;
-
T chc mt s hi tho, hi ngh khoa hc v hc hi kinh

nghim xung quanh khu vc d n;
-
Phi hp vi cc chuyn gia, s qun l ca chnh quyn a

phng vn hnh hiu qu v x l trit , p ng nhng nhu cu
trong hin ti, tin ti hon thin d n trong giai on tip theo.
4.4. BIN PHP PHNG CHNG CHAY N, PHONG CHNG THIN TAI
4.4.1. Bin phap phong chng chay n
phng chy n, tt c cc cng nhn trc tip vnh hnh, k s iu hnh
trm x l phi tun th nghim ngt cc qui nh v cc bin php phng chng
chy n nh sau:
Cc my mc thit b lm vic p sut cao phi c h s l lch
r rng, c trang b y cc ng h o p sut v thc hin
nghim nht ch kim tra nh k;
-
Lp t h thng bo chy, h thng thng tin bo ng;
Lp t h thng chng st trn cc khu vc c cao ln;
Cc thit b in phi c duy tr iu kin an ton, ngn nga

kh nng pht ra tia la in cc khu vc nguy him;
-
Cc my mc dng in phi c ni t chng in r, chng

tch in t;
-
Nng cao trnh k thut cho i ng cng nhn vn hnh, c

bit l cc quy nh an ton, phng chy cha chy. Thng xuyn kim
tra, nhc nh cc quy nh v an ton mi trng v phng chy cha
chy. Bo v v i cu ha phi trc 24h/ngy;
-
Xy dng cc phng n phng chng, khc phc s c mi

trng: chy n, r r ho cht, s c cc cng trnh x l mi trng
(x l nc thi, kh thi), trnh c quan qun l Nh nc ph duyt v
t chc thc hin.
4.4.2. Bin phap phong chng thin tai
Cn c bn phn vng ng t lnh th Vit Nam do Vin Vt l a cu
lp th nc ta ch c mt s vng thuc khu vc pha Bc c d bo l c kh
nng xy ra ng t cp 8 (theo thang MSK), chn ng do ng t gy ra ti mt s
a im vng Ty Bc c th t ti cp 9, cn i b phn lnh th Vit Nam c th
xy ra ng t yu v rt yu. Thng k t khi xy ra trn ng t mnh vi cng
5,3 richter vo ngy 19/2/2001 n nay, trung bnh mi nm tnh in Bin
LAVIC - 2009
thng xy ra t 3-4 trn ng t c cng t 2,5 n 3,5 richter.

Vi vy i vi nhng vng thng b nh hng bi d chn ng t, cc quy
nh v nn mng, tng chn, kho st th nghim t, tiu ch v kt cu g, b tng,
thp u c tnh nghim ngt theo nhng thng s k thut ring ty a hnh.
Cc cng trnh trong khu vc c thit k phai xet n tac ng cua ng t
va cac bin phap thit k khang chn cho cng trinh xy dng.
Mt s bin php chnh phng chng thin tai bo lu, lc, p thp nhit i nh
sau:
- Thit lp phng n phng chng bo lu, lc cho cc cng trnh v tp luyn
phng n ny thng xuyn vo ma ma bo.
- Ngoi ra, i vi nhng khu vc cnh bo thng c l qut th trc mi ma
ma l phi tin hnh dn dp dng sng, sui, khng cho xy dng nhng
cng trnh lm cn tr dng chy trnh tnh trng nc ma v nhiu, khng
c ch thot li ri v ra to thnh l qut.
4.5. V SINH, AN TON LAO NG
Ngoi cc phng n khng ch nhim trn, trm x l cng thc hin cc
bin php nhm gim thiu nh hng ca cc tc nhn nhim n ngi lao ng.
l tun th ng cc quy nh sau:
Tun th trit cc iu khon v v sinh an ton lao ng i
vi cng nhn vin, trnh tip xc trc tip vi nc thi v bn lng;
-
C chng trnh kim tra vic thc hin an ton lao ng ti khu
vc sn xut (qun o bo h lao ng, cc ch bo him );
-
nh k kim tra v gim st sc kho cho cn b cng nhn

vin, kp thi pht hin cc bnh do ngh nghip;
-
Gio dc thc v v sinh mi trng v an ton lao ng cho

cn b, cng nhn vin.
4.6. BIN PHP TUYN TRUYN GIO DC
Nng cao nhn thc ca cng nhn v thc bo v mi trng thng qua
cc chng trnh truyn thng (Pan, p phch...). y l mt trong nhng bin php
hiu qu nht, c th kim sot c hnh vi v thi ca cng ng v iu chnh
cc hnh vi, thi theo hng thn thin vi mi trng.
Gi cn b chuyn trch i o to v nghip v bo v mi
trng, phng chng chy n;
-
T chc cc bui tuyn truyn, nng cao nhn thc v vn bo

v mi trng (thu gom, x l cht thi, nc thi sinh hot, v sinh ),
an ton lao ng (tun th cc quy ch , quy nh v an ton lao ng,
) trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh v khi
vn hnh h thng thot nc v x l nc thi Thanh ph in Bin
Phu cho cn b, cng nhn vin thi cng, vn hnh;
-
LAVIC - 2009
Xy dng cc quy nh v bo v mi trng, PCCC cho Trm

x l trong bao gm cc ni dung sau:
Quy nh chc nng v nhim v ca tng phng ban, t sn
xut trong bo v mi trng, PCCC;
*
Quy nh v quyn hn ca cc cn b qun l mi trng

trong thc thi nhim v;
*
Quy nh cc mc khen thng i vi tp th, c nhn c cc

sng kin gim thiu mc nhim ca Trm;
*
* Quy nh mc cnh co, k lut i vi hnh vi thiu trch

nhim dn n s c mi trng, s c chy n.
Khuyn khch kp thi cc sng kin k thut, cng trnh nghin
cu c gi tr tng nng sut, tit kim nguyn nhin liu gp phn bo
v mi trng v gim gi thnh sn phm.
o to, tp hun v mi trng v an ton lao ng
Vic o to, tp hun v mi trng v an ton lao ng s gp phn tng
cng nng lc cho cc nhm mc tiu khc nhau ca d n m bo cho vic thc
hin cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng xu ca nh thu xy dng, n v
vn hnh trm x l nc thi, c th:
+ i vi Ban qun l d n: o to nng cao v gim st cng tc quan trc
mi trng v lp bo co.
+ i vi cc nh thu: o to v p dng k hoch qun l mi trng trn
cng trng, thc hin cc bin php gim thiu v lp bo co quan trc.
+ i vi cng ng: cc i din ca cng ng l nhng ngi chu trch
nhim v theo di mi trng s c o to quan st theo di cc tc
ng i vi mi trng; c tuyn truyn nng cao nhn thc v mi
trng v c tp hun v cng tc duy tu bo dng cc cng trnh trong
qu trnh s dng.
+ i vi cn b, cng nhn thi cng, vn hnh: c o to, tp hun, cung
cp thng tin v v sinh, an ton lao ng.
Nh vy, trn y l ton b nhng khuyn ngh v cc bin php gim thiu
c xut nhm gim thiu cc tc ng khi d n i vo thc thi, gim cc tc
ng n mi trng nn, cc tc ng bt li n i sng, sinh hot ca ngi dn.
Xut pht t thc t, tnh cp thit v s xung cp, thiu ng b ca cc h thng
thot nc, khng p ng c nng lc thot nc cng nh cht lng nc trc
khi x thi vo ngun chung l sng Nm Rm (t TCVN - ct B), h thng x l
nc thi c xy dng vi cc bin php gim thiu cho tng giai on thi cng,
giai on vn hnh v tng i tng tc ng. Cn c cc quy nh v ch ti cho
vic thc thi cc bin php gim thiu c th tip tc n nhn c s ng tnh
ng h, gip ca ngi dn v s nhit tnh, nht tr ca UBND Tnh in Bin,
LAVIC - 2009
UBND Thanh ph in Bin Phu v cc ban ngnh lin quan trong qu trnh thi cng
cc hng mc cng trnh v khi d n i vo hot ng.
LAVIC - 2009
CHNG V
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG
m bo an ton mi trng i vi d n u t Xy dng h thng thot
nc, thu gom v x l nc thi Thanh ph in Bin Phu Tinh inBin cn
c s tham gia ca tt c cc bn lin quan trong tt c cc giai on ca d n, t lp
d n u t xy dng, thi cng xy dng cho ti vn hnh v bo dng cc hng
mc cng trnh thot nc v x l nc thi ca d n.
Mt khc, theo lut bo v mi trng ca Vit Nam, trong cc giai on xy
dng v vn hnh BQL D n cng vi cc n v trng thu xy dng v vn hnh
phi thc hin k hoch qun l mi trng (QLMT). Vic thc hin ny cn nhm
m bo rng cc ni dung ca K hoch QLMT c tun th m bo an ton mi
trng. K hoch QLMT bao gm chng trnh gim st v bo co gim thiu tc
ng mi trng; C cu t chc thc hin k hoch QLMT v nhng bin php ng
cu khn cp cc s c c th xy ra.
5.1.1. Giai oan chun bi
Nhm qun l mi trng c hiu qu, Ban qun l d n chuyn
nghnh xy dng tnh in Bin cn xem xt nhng im sau:
-
Gp g trao i thn mt vi nhng ngi b nh hng bi d

n v vn gii phng mt bng thng qua cc cuc kho
st v hi tho,
Trnh gy bi bm, kh thi v ting n trong cng tc thi

cng bng cch ti nc v s dng cc thit b xy dng ting
n thp.
6.1.2. Giai oan xy dng

Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng sau c xut
trong giai on thi cng:
-
Sp xp l trnh giao thng hp l,
p dng cc bin php che ph i vi hot ng vn chuyn

t c o ln v hn ch tc xe c gii thch hp
cc khu dn c,
Ti nc cc cng trng gim bi.
Gi t hu c cc khu trng trt hon nguyn mt

t nh trc .
Sp xp thi gian thi cng hp l cc khu dn c,
Thu gom trit ph thi xy dng sn sinh ra t cc cng
LAVIC - 2009
trng v thi ng ni nh.

-
Cht thi ca cng nhn cng trng xy dng (phn, rc, nc

tiu... ) phi c thu gom v x l trit .
5.1.3. Giai oan vn hanh

-
Nc x l t trm x l nc thi cn c kim tra v nh gi

thng xuyn trc khi x ra cc vc nc.
Cc thit b v dng c o lng ca trm x l nc thi cn c

bo dng theo nh k.
Cht thi rn t trm x l v cng trng xy dng cn c x

l hp l.
ng ng thu gom cn c lm sch thng xuyn rc khng

gy tc nghn hay lm cn tr dng nc.
T chc thc hin
Trch nhim ca cc t chc, n v c lin quan trong qu
trnh thc hin Chng trnh qun l mi trng c trnh by trong

bng sau:
Bng 5.1: Vai tr v chc nng v QLMT ca cc n v tham
gia d n
Vai tr
Chc nng
Cc c quan thc hin:

UBND Tinh in Bin
iu phi v qun l thc hin d n, bao gm hng

dn v gim st d n.
UBND Thanh ph in Bin

Phu (Ch u t)
C trch nhim thc hin ton din v qun l, trin

khai k hoch QLMT
Ban Qun l d n chuyn

nghanh xy dng Tinh in
Bin
- C trch nhim thc hin cc cng vic hng ngy

ca d n, trong c vic kim tra, gim st thc hin k
hoch QLMT d n (khi c giao)
- C trch nhim tp hun v h tr cho Nh thu xy
dng v cc vn mi trng cng nh kim tra v
gim st qu trnh thc hin d n nhm m bo vic
tun th y v thch hp cc quy trnh ra.
T vn mi trng
Chun b k hoch qun l mi trng
Nh thu xy dng
Thi cng theo cc bin php

-
LAVIC - 2009
p dng cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n

Vai tr
Chc nng
mi trng trong xy dng;
-
m bo cc bin php n ton cho cng nhn v

ngi dn a phng trong qu trnh thi cng;
- Tun th cc chnh sch ca Vit Nam ph hp vi

yu cu ca Nh ti tr.
- Vn hnh d n v thc hin cc bin php qun
l, gim st mi trng v bo co kt qu nh k
ln n v qun l;
- Phng kim nghim nc thi thuc n v vn
n v vn hnh d n
hnh (Trm XLNT) s c trang b cc thit b

kim tra nhanh mt s ch tiu trong nc thi
trc v sau x l nh BOD5, COD, Coliform, s
c kim sot hng ngy trong qu trnh vn hnh
Trm x l.
Cc c quan gim st
- C trch nhim m bo s tun th ca vic qun
l v bo v mi trng theo Lut Bo v Mi
trng, Ngh nh 80/CP- N, Ngh nh 21/CPN ca Chnh ph v Thng t 05/TT-BTN&MT.
S Ti Nguyn v Mi
trng
(Chi cuc Bao v mi trng)
- i vi d n thot nc v x l nc thi cho

Thanh ph in Bin Phu, tinh in Bin l d n
nhm II, cc Bo co gim st v thc hin k
hoch QLMT s c Chi cuc Bao v mi trng
nh gi v ph duyt theo ng khung th ch v
qun l v bo v mi trng.
- m bo rng TM v K hoch QLMT ph hp
vi cc quy nh v mi trng.
- Thanh tra vic thc hin cc quy nh, tiu chun v
ngng nga v khc phc vic xung cp mi
trng do nhim v cc vn mi trng khc
trong qu trnh thc hin.
Gim st ni b
- Gim st nh thu trong sut qu trnh xy dng,

bao gm thc hin cc hot ng qun l mi
trng trong k hoch hnh ng mi trng.
Gim st c lp
c lp gim st vic thc hin k hoch QLMT.
LAVIC - 2009
Vai tr
Chc nng
Cc c quan a phng c thm quyn, cc t chc x hi v cng ng

- H tr PMU trong quan h vi cng ng v trong
vic n b gii phng mt bng;
UBND cc phng/ x khu
vc d n
- Cung cp cc thng tin v cc vn lin quan cho

Ch u t trong thit k v thc thi d n;
- Bo m an ton, an ninh trt t cho cng trng
trn khu vc phng/x mnh, gim st vic thc
hin d n.
- ng vai tr cu ni gia UBND phng v cng
ng;
Cc t chc x hi cp
phng/x
- H tr PMU v UBND phng huy ng s tham

gia ca cng ng trong qu trnh thc hin d n;
- Cung cp cc thng tin cn thit v d n dn c
th tip cn v ng gp kin cho hin trng khu
vc d n v khi d n i vo thc thi;
- Tham gia la chn v nh gi tnh kh thi ca cc
tiu d n.
Cng ng
- Gp v cc tc ng mi trng, nht tr v cc k
hoch nng cp cng ng thong qua cc i din
ca cng ng.
- Gp v TM v K hoch QLMT thong qua cc
i din ca cng ng.
- Theo di v gim st vic thc hin cc bin php
gim thiu tc ng xu thng qua Ban gim st
cng ng (nu c).
5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG (GSMT)

Gim st mi trng l mt trong nhng cng c khng th thiu c trong
cng tc qun l mi trng. GSMT l mt phc hp cc bin php khoa hc, k
thut, cng ngh v t chc nhm kim sot, theo di mt cch cht ch v c h
thng cc khuynh hng bin i cht lng mi trng. GSMT cn gip kim sot
c cc ngun thi gy nhim mi trng, iu chnh cc k hoch sn xut v
gim nh cc tc ng, iu phi chi ph cho khc phc, x l nhim v bo v mi
trng mt cch hu hiu nht, gp phn nh gi mc chnh xc ca cc d bo tc
ng mi trng c cp n trong bo co TM ca d n.
LAVIC - 2009
i vi d n, chng trnh GSMT nhm mc tiu kp thi pht hin nhng tc

ng xu n mi trng v xut cc bin php ngn nga, gim thiu nhim. Mt
khc, gim st cht lng mi trng cn m bo cho vn hnh an ton Trm x l
nc thi.
i vi chng trnh gim st mi trng, cc thng tin thu c phi bo m
cc thuc tnh c bn sau y:
chnh xc ca s liu
Tnh c trng ca s liu
Tnh ng nht ca s liu
Tnh ng b ca s liu:
Kh nng theo di lin tc v n nh theo thi gian
Ni dung gim st
5.3. CC CHI TIU GIM ST MI TRNG CU TH

5.3.1. Giam sat cht lng khng khi ( CLKK) va ting n
* Mc tiu ca gim st CLKK v ting n:
Quan trc nng cc cht nhim khng kh c ngun gc t cc hot
ng thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh; khu vc trong v ngoi ca Trm

x l nc thi khi vn hnh;
Nhn bit sm s gia tng lng thi cc cht nhim khng kh; ting n
t cc ngun thi c nhng bin php gim thiu.
* V tr cc im gim st CLKK, ting n:
Trong giai an thi cng cn tp trung vo cc vn an ton. Nh thu cn
phi o v quan trc cht lng mi trng khng kh, ting n trong cc
khu vc thi cng, khu vc dn c xung quanh...
Trong giai on vn hnh cn gim st cht lng mi trng
khng kh ti cc v tr trong dy chuyn cng ngh x l c
pht sinh kh c v cc v tr pht sinh ting n, gim st,
quan trc cht lng mi trng khng kh, ting n trong khu
vc dn c xung quanh...
* Cc thng s mi trng cn gim st CLKK, ting n:
+ Thng s gim st trong giai on thi cng:
Kh tng: Nhit , m, vn tc gi, hng gi;
Bi l lng;
LAVIC - 2009
Cc kh c hi : CO, SO2, NO2;
Ting n(dBA): n tc thi v n theo di Octa.
+ Thng s gim st trong giai on d n i vo vn hnh:
Kh tng: Nhit , m, vn tc gi, hng gi;
Cc kh c hi : CO, SO2, NO2, H2S, CH4, NH3;
Bi l lng;
Ting n (dAB): n tc thi v n theo di Octa.
* Tn xut gim st CLKK, ting n :

- Tn xut gim st trong giai on thi cng: Gim st v quan
trc trong thi gian chun b mt bng, trong thi gian thi
cng xy dng v trong thi gian vn hnh th:
i vi mi trng khng kh, quan trc : 10 v tr (3
mu/v tr) x 1 ln/thng.
i vi ting n (o theo gi, t 8h-16h v trc 8h-sau
16h): 10 v tr (3 mu/v tr) x 1 ln/thng.
- Tn xut gim st trong giai on vn hnh.
i vi mi trng khng kh, quan trc : 2 v tr (1
mu/v tr) x 3 ln/nm.
i vi ting n (o theo gi, t 8h-16h v trc 8h-sau
16h): 2 v tr (2 mu/v tr) x 3 ln/nm.
* Quy nh phn tch mu:
Cc thng s CLKK c th kin ngh c tin hnh nh sau:
Ly mu v Phn tch SO2 theo tiu chun TCVN 5971-1995.
Phng php Tetracloromercurat (TCM)/ pararosanilin.
(1)
Ly mu v Phn tch CO theo tiu chun No-128. Method of Air

Sampling and Analysis - Second edition. APHA-USA.
(2)
Ly mu v Phn tch NO2 theo tiu chun No-406 (phng php

Saltzmann). Method of Air Sampling and Analysis - Second edition.
APHA-USA.
(3)
Ly mu v Phn tch H2S theo tiu chun No-701. Method of Air

Sampling and Analysis - Second edition. APHA-USA.
(4)
Ly mu v Phn tch Bi l lng theo tiu chun TCVN-50671995 (nhng kin ngh bng thit b Hi-Vol chuyn dng cho ly mu
bi l lng trong khng kh) hoc theo tiu chun No.501 (Hi-Vol)Method of Air Sampling and Analysis - Second edition. APHA- USA.
(5)
LAVIC - 2009
5.3.2. Giam sat cht lng nc

* Mc tiu ca gim st CLN
Mc tiu chnh ca h thng gim st cht lng nc cho khu vc ny l gim
st thnh phn nc thi v theo di nh hng ca qu trnh thi nc sau khi x l
ti mi trng nc mt sng Nm Rm Thanh ph in Bin Phu.
* V tr cc im gim st CLN
Gim st CLN c tin hnh i vi tt c cc ngun thi trong khu vc Trm
x l nc thi v ngun nc khu vc dn c xung quanh. Gim st CLN c chia
thnh 2 loi: Gim st cht lng nc thi sau x l v Gim st CLN ngun tip
nhn nc thi c thay i trong qu trnh vn hnh..
-
Trong giai on thi cng thc hin d n: Trong giai on thi cng cn
quan trc v gim st mi trng nc mt ti khu vc xy dng trm x
l, nc ngm ca dn c xung quanh khu vc trin khai d n.
Trong giai on vn hnh: Nc thi u ra t trm x l; Gim st cht

lng nc mt ti ngun tip nhn nc sau x l ca Trm x l nc
thi trong khu vc (nc sng Nm Rm)
* Cc thng s mi trng cn gim st:

-
Cc ch tiu cn phn tch i vi nc mt: Nhit , pH, TDS, SS,

DO, COD, BOD5, tng nit, tng pht pho, sunfat, Coliform.
Cc ch tiu cn phn tch i vi nc ngm: Nhit , pH, c,

mu, SS, DO, NO3, tng pht pho, sunfat, Mn, Fe, Coliform, fecal
Coliform.
* Tn xut gim st:

+ Tn xut gim st trong giai on thi cng:
Nc mt: 2 v tr x 1 mu/v tr x 1 ln/Qu.
Nc ngm: 2 v tr x 1 mu/v tr x 1 ln/Qu.
+ Tn xut gim st trong giai on vn hnh:
Nc sau x l: 2 v tr x 1 mu/v tr x 4 ln/nm.
Nc mt ti sng Nm Rm: 2 v tr x 1 mu/v tr x 4
ln/nm.
* Quy nh phn tch mu:
Cc thng s cht lng nc thi u ra trm x l c ly mu. Cc ch tiu
ny c phn tch theo cc tiu chun Vit nam v Quc t.
TCVN 5945-2005: Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi;
TCVN 5942-1995: Tiu chun v cht lng nc mt;
TCVN 6772-2000: Nc thi sinh hot- Gii hn nhim cho
LAVIC - 2009
php.
Quyt nh 1329/2002/ BYT/Q quy nh Tiu chun nc n

ung; hoc TCVN 5944-1995 quy inh Tiu chun cht lng
nc ngm;
TCVN 5945- 2005 quy nh v tiu chun nc thi.
Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis - Second edition do APHAUSA (American Public Health Association).
TCVN-1995 v TCVN-2005 v nu TCVN kin ngh c tin

hnh tun theo Tiu chun M (Hip hi Sc kho Cng ng M);
Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis - Second edition do APHAUSA (American Public Health Association).
5.3.3. Giam sat cht lng rac thai va bun phat sinh
Trong giai on thi cng
Lng rc thi v bn pht sinh l khng ln, ch yu l do sinh hot ca cn b,
cng nhn vin lm vic trc tip ti khu vc d n. Lng rc thi ny hng ngy
c thu gom v vn chuyn bi Cng ty mi trng th.
Trong giai on vn hnh
Theo tnh ton ti phn nh gi lng rc thi, ct, bn, cn pht sinh ti cc
song chn rc, cng trnh thu, b lng, lc... l tng i ln do cn phi c chng
trnh gim st hng ngy khi lng pht sinh pht hin v x l kp thi cc s c
qa ti. Lp Hp ng kinh t vi Cng ty Mi trng th thanh ph in Bin Phu
thu gom nh k, u n rc thi t cc song chn rc, khu tp kt rc trong trm
x l.
(1) Cc thng s mi trng cn gim st (Ch yu i vi bn cn)
Cc ch tiu cn phn tch: pHKCl, m, tng nit, tng pht pho,
amoni, sunfat, Cr6+, Pb, Zn, vi sinh vt, tng hu c.
(2) Tn xut gim st
Bn thi c gim st: 2 ln/nm.
Chi phi giam sat mi trng
Tng kinh ph d ton c tnh cho mt nm gim st CLMT l
13.840.000 ng (mi ba triu tm trm bn mi nghn ng)
chia lm 2 hng mc: gim st mi trng khng kh v nc. Kinh ph
chi tit cho gim st mi trng c lp theo thng t 83/TTKH-TC lin
b Ti chnh v B KHCNMT.
Ngun kinh ph gim st cht lng mi trng s do ngn sch
tnh cp v do S Ti nguyn Mi trng qun l, hng nm S Ti
LAVIC - 2009
nguyn Mi trng lp k hoch gim st theo yu cu ca Bo co

TM c ph duyt.
Bng 5. 2: D ton chi ph gim st cht lng mi trng hng
nm
STT
I
I.1
I.2
I..3
II
II.1
II.1.1
II.1.2
Ni dung cng vic

Gim st mi trng
khng kh
Cng ly mu
2 ngi/im x 2 im x 1
ngy/t x 3 t/nm
Thu my phc v ly mu:
3my/im x 2 im x 3
t
Phn tch mu kh
H2S: 2 mu/im ngy/
t x 2 im x 3 t
NH3: 2 mu/im ngy/
t x 2 im x 3 t
SO2: 2 mu/im ngy/
t x 2 im x 3 t
Bi: 2 mu/im ngy/ t
x 2 im x 3 t
Nhit khng kh: 1
my/t x 2 im x 3 t
o tc gi: 1 my/t x
2 im x 3 t
Gim st mi trng nc
Gim st cht lng ngun
nc tip nhn nc thi
Cng ly mu: 2ngi x 4
t/nm
Phn tch cht lng nc
mt
Cht rn l lng (TSS)
DO
BOD5
COD
Tng Nitrat (NO3)
Tng Nitrit (NO2)
Tng P
Amoni (tnh theo Nit)
LAVIC - 2009
(1000
)
T.
tin
(100
0 )
12
50
600
ngy/m
y
18
30
540
mu
12
60
720
mu
12
60
720
mu
12
60
720
mu
12
60
720
ngy
40
240
ngy
50
300
cng
50
400
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
30
40
50
40
30
30
30
30
240
320
400
320
240
240
240
240
. v
S
Lg
Cng
. gi
Sunfua
Tng Coliform
Fe
Mn
Zn
Cu
II.2
II.2.1
II.2.2
Gim st thnh phn nc

thi
Cng ly mu: 2ngi x 3
t/nm
Phn tch thnh phn nc
thi
Nhit (0C)
pH
Mu sc
Mi
Cht rn l lng (SS)
BOD5
COD
Sunfua
Tng N
Tng P
As
Hg
Cr (VI)
Fe
Mn
Coliform
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
8
8
8
8
8
8
30
50
45
45
45
45
240
400
360
360
360
360
cng
50
400
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
mu
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
5
10
10
10
30
50
40
30
30
30
45
45
45
45
45
50
40
80
80
80
240
400
320
240
240
240
360
360
360
360
360
400
13.8
Tng kinh ph
40
Bng ch: Mi ba triu tm trm bn mi nghn ng.
Ghi ch:
V tr gim cc im st cht lng mi trng trong qu trnh
vn hnh d n phi trng vi cc v tr ly mu xc nh cht lng mi trng nn trc khi thc hin d n.
LAVIC - 2009
CHNG VI
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
6.1. TNH CN THIT CA VIC THAM VN CNG NG
Vic tham vn kin ca cng ng l mt phn quan trng trong nh gi tc
ng mi trng c thc hin theo quy nh ca lut BVMT. Cng ng chnh l
nhng i tng hng li trc tip v cng l i tng chu tc ng trc tip t d
n, do vy vic tham vn kin cng ng l mt cch tip cn bn vng. Kt qu
tham vn s c s dng xut cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ca d n n
mi trng, nhm tha mn cc nhu cu v s ng h ca cng ng trong qu trnh
thc thi d n v khi d n hon thnh i vo vn hnh.
thc hin cng vic ny, Ch u t phi hp vi UBND Thanh ph in
Bin Phu, T vn Thit k, T vn Mi trng t chc cc cuc hp vi cng ng
dn c ni d n c thc thi. Thng qua cc bui tham vn, Ch u t gii thiu v
d n cng nh bn t vn Thit k v Mi trng trnh by cc phng n, cc tc
ng v nhng bin php gim thiu tng ng cng ng c th nm bt tnh hnh,
hiu v cc li ch cng nh cc hn ch khi trin khai d n i sng ca ngi dn,
pht trin kinh t x hi v mi trng ti a bn d n. T , nhn c s phn
hi, s gip , ng h v ng tnh hng ng ca ngi dn v chnh quyn a
phng thng qua cc kin ng gp, chia s c ghi nhn trong kt qu tham vn
cng ng.
6.2. MC TIU CA THAM VN CNG NG
Hot ng ph bin thng tin v tham vn mi trng nhm
m bo s tham gia ca chnh quyn a phng, cc t chc
lin quan v cng ng khu vc d n (gm c i tng c hng v
i tng b nh hng) vo d n, s gip d n pht trin bn vng
v thun li. Ph bin thng tin n nhng khu vc trin khai d
n v nhng c quan tham gia l mt phn quan trng trong cng
tc chun b v thc hin d n. Tham vn cc vn mi trng
ca d n vi cng ng v m bo cho h tham gia tch cc s
gim pht sinh mu thun v gim thiu mt s ri ro. Tham vn
cng ng cng cho php nh gi c y nhng tc ng
mi trng ca d n v xut k hoch qun l mi trng ph hp
(bao gm nh gi tc ng v cc bin php gim thiu tc ng
mi trng). Cc mc tiu ca chng trnh thng tin v tham vn
cng ng nh sau:
-
m bo rng, cc cp c thm quyn a phng cng nh

i din ngi dn khu vc d n c tham gia vo qu trnh
LAVIC - 2009
thit lp k hoch v ra quyt nh. Ban QLDA kt hp cht ch

vi y ban nhn dn, Ban qun l mt bng, y ban mt trn
t quc, chnh quyn cc phng thuc phm vi d n trong qu
trnh thc hin. S tham gia ca cng ng c th hin thng
qua cc bui lm vic trc tip (hp cng ng) hoc thng tin
cng khai ti cc im trung tm thng tin a phng hoc
cng vn ca Ch u t xin kin ca UBMTTQ, UBND cc Phng, x v tin trnh lp d n v Bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng cho d n.
-
Chia s thng tin v cc hng mc v hot ng d kin ca d n

v cc bn lin quan.
Thu thp thng tin v nhu cu v cc xut ca ngi dn

c bit l nhng ngi b nh hng, cng nh nhn thng tin v
phn ng ca h v chnh sch v hot ng d kin.
t c s phi hp v tham gia ca nhng ngi b nh hng v

cng ng trong cc hot ng cn thit cho lp k hoch v
thc hin ti nh c.
Cc hot ng ph bin thng tin, tham vn v mi trng v cc

chnh sch n b - ti nh c cng nh cc hot ng lin quan
khc s c thc hin ng thi.
Nhm hiu bit c kin v mi quan tm ca cng ng v

d n, c bit l nhng ngi b nh hng trc tip bi vic
xy dng v vn hnh d n. Trn c s ny, nhng mi quan
tm c th c gii quyt hp l trong qu trnh lp d n,
la chn gii php thit k.
Lng nghe kin cng ng v mi quan tm ca h i vi d

n, c bit l cc tc ng trc tip n cuc sng ca cng
ng.
Gii quyt cc xung t trong cc xut t pha cng ng

vi cc vn v mi trng v s tr hon trong thc hin k
hoch thi cng ca chnh quyn.
Xc nhn tnh hp l v hp php i vi cc quyt nh ca

chnh quyn p ng cc yu cu hp php ca ngi dn, xem
xt cc xut ca cng ng v chnh quyn.
Hiu c cc kh khn chnh m ngi dn khu vc d n ang lu

tm.
LAVIC - 2009
6.3. NI DUNG C TH CA THAM VN KIN CNG NG

- Tm tt cc ni dung chnh ca d n, tm tt bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng ca d n;
- Xy dng ni dung cng vn tham vn cng ng, gi ti UBND, UBMTTQ v
UBND cc phng trong khu vc d n;
- X l d liu thng tin ca cc vn bn tham gia kin ca chnh quyn a
phng;
- Tng hp cc d liu v phn tch cc kin v bo co kt qu.
6.4. PHNG THC V PHNG PHP THAM VN CNG NG
Chnh quyn a phng v cc t chc c lin quan v cng
ng s tham gia vo tt c cc giai on khc nhau t vic chun
b d n n vic thc hin d n.
Phng php ph bin thng tin v tham vn cng ng c
th gm phng php nh gi nhanh c s tham gia v tham vn
cc bn c lin quan, s dng cc k thut tham vn h gia nh v
nhng ni b nh hng, hp cng ng, hp nhm v tho lun
nhm tp trung, cng iu tra kinh t x hi.
Theo quy nh ti Thng t 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B
TNMT v Hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi
trng v cam kt bo v mi trng, c 2 i tng cn tham vn xin kin khi lp
bo co TM l:
(1) UBND cp x/phng
(2) UB Mt trn T quc cp x/phng.
Ngay trong giai on bt u chun b d n, chnh quyn
tnh v nhng ngi ng u cc cp chnh quyn khu vc d n
trin khai c thng bo v d n, v mc tiu v hot ng ca d
n. H c tham kho kin v tham gia mt cch tch cc vo cc
cuc tho lun v nhu cu pht trin v u tin ca a phng. ng
thi cc kin nh gi nhng thun li, kh khn cng nh cc nh
hng ca mi trng v xut cc bin php gim thiu tc ng
t cc cp chnh quyn a phng c ghi nhn hiu chnh
v chn lc thit k ph hp. Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
d n xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi thnh
ph in Bin Ph ch c hon chnh sau khi c s tham vn
ca cng ng.
T nhng thng u nm 2008, c s ng ca cc cp
LAVIC - 2009
chnh quyn v s h tr ca Ban qun l d n, cn b a phng

to iu kin thun li h tr t vn x hi trong vic b tr v
t chc cc cuc hp vi cng ng, thc hin cc mu iu tra
kinh t x hi, h tr t vn k thut, trong cng tc iu tra hin trng, cung cp bn v cc thng tin cn thit khc.
Cc phng n k thut c xut trn c s p ng
nhu cu ca cng ng thng qua:
- Nghin cu nhu cu ca cng ng ri so snh vi qui hoch
pht trin tng th ca thnh ph, cc tiu chun thit k, cc
nguyn tc ca d n v kh nng ca cng ng.
- Nhng xut ny phi c Ban qun l d n, cc c
quan v n v chc nng ph duyt.
- Nhng phng n xut c gi cho cng ng ly
kin ca cng ng nhm chun b nhng cuc hi tho.
Theo kt qu kho st kinh t x hi cho thy c 87 % s ngi
c hi thuc khu vc d n sn sng tham gia ng gp kin
cho vic chun b d n. iu ny cng th hin s quan tm v
ng tnh trong vic trin khai thc hin d n.
Cc bui hp tham vn cng ng c t chc ti cc phng nm trong khu vc trin khai d n. Ti cc bui hp ny, ngi
dn khu vc c gii thiu v v tr v cc hot ng ca d n
v tham gia ng gp, xut cc kin v li ch, nhng tc
ng mi trng v cc bin php hn ch nh hng ti cng ng.
Phn ln cc kin quan tm v mi trng ca ngi dn tp
trung vo cc ni dung sau:
- Mc nh hng do thu hi t, c ch n b gii phng
mt bng.
- Nhng nh hng mi trng v cc bin php gim thiu tc
ng d kin c p dng trong qu trnh thi cng.
- S thi cng cng trnh trn cc tuyn quc l trong thi
gian di s nh hng n cuc sng sinh hot v bun bn
hng ngy ca nhn dn.
- Ri ro trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng thot nc; trm x
l nc thi v bin php phng nga.
LAVIC - 2009
6.5. T CHC THC HIN THAM VN CNG NG

Ban Qun L D n chuyn ngnh xy dng tnh in Bin (Ch u t)
phi hp vi Cng ty C phn u t Cng Ngh Mi trng va Ha tng ky thut
Lac Vit (LAVIC) n v t vn lp bo co TM t chc tham vn cng ng.
6.6. KT QU THAM VN CNG NG
Ni dung vn bn xin kin tham vn cng ng bao gm:
- kin ca Chnh quyn, UBMT t quc, cng ng dn c
v vic thc hin d n s gy ra nhng tc ng g i vi
mi trng v s pht trin x hi?
- D n cn ch cc vn g bo v mi trng trong
giai on xy dng v vn hnh?
- C xut v yu cu g i vi d n?
- Nht tr hay phn i d n?
S lng cc cuc hp tham vn cng ng: tin hnh 03
cuc hp vi s tham gia ca:
- Ban qun l d n
- Nhm chuyn gia lp bo co TM
- i din chnh quyn a phng
- Cc h dn c c t ai s b thu hi
- Cc h dn xung quanh khu vc trm x l nc thi
- Cc h dn c s c hng li t d n.
6.6.1. Tng hp cac y kin tham vn cng ng
tin hnh pht vn bn tham vn kin cng ng n
Bn Ten B ni d kin t trm x l nc thi vi s tham gia ca
nhm nh gi mi trng, Ban qun l d n, t vn lp d n u t,
i din chnh quyn Bn Ten B, ni s b trc tip nh hng bi
d n.
Ban QLDA v t vn mi trng nhn c c y vn
bn cc phng, x c nhng ng gp, nhn nh nu bt ln s
cp thit phi trin khai thc hin d n cng nh ng gp kin
tham gia vo cc bin php bo v mi trng trong giai on thi
cng v vn hnh d n. Cc kin ng gp c tm tt nh sau:
6.6.1.1. S cn thit cua d an:
Chnh quyn a phng v nhn dn u c kin cho
rng thnh ph in Bin Ph cha c h thng thu gom v x l nc
LAVIC - 2009
thi.
Phn ln s ngi c hi ng tnh vi vic xy dng h
thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi cho thnh ph in Bin
Ph.
6.6.1.2. V cac bin phap bao v mi trng cua d an :
Chnh quyn a phng v nhn dn trong vng d n u
nht tr vi nhng bin php v cam kt gim thiu cc tc ng
mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh d n, cc kin
u nh gi cc bin php bo v mi trng chung ca d n
ra va m bo tnh khoa hc, mang tnh thc tin v kh chi tit
y .
Cc kin ng i vi cc vn mi trng ch yu trong
giai on thi cng d n v giai on hot ng ca d n l do
nhim bi, kh thi v ting n, nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn
cng trng
Cn ch cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh, bi v
ting n. S c nhiu vn pht sinh khi thc thi d n, v vy
ngh ch u t v nghin cu k hn, ra cc bin php
phng nga khi thc hin d n c ch ng, khng gy nh
hng n cuc sng ca nhn dn v mi trng khu vc d n.
6.6.1.3. Tom tt kt qua cac cuc hop va phong vn :
100% kin cho rng vic u t xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi cho thnh ph in Bin Ph s em
n cho dn c a phng mt cuc sng tt hn.
100% nhng ngi s b thu hi t ng nhn bi thng
phc v cng trnh thot nc.
85% kin cho rng vn nhim mi trng do nc thi
sinh hot thnh ph in Bin Ph kh nghim trng v cn phi
xy dng mt h thng thu gom, x l nc thi hp v sinh.
Kin ngh: Ch u t tin hnh xc nh mc ch gii c th
ca cc v tr t thu hi vnh vin, cc v tr t thu hi tm thi
dn chng yn tm trong cng vic n b v gii ta mt
bng.
6.6.2. Kt lun
Chnh quyn a phng v nhn dn trong vng d n u
nht tr :
LAVIC - 2009
- Nht tr vi phng n u t xy dng h thng thot nc,

thu gom v x l nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph, d n s ci
thin ng k mi trng sinh thi, cng nh hon chnh iu
kin c s h tng, p ng quy hoch pht trin ca th
hin ti v tng lai.
- Nht tr vi nhng nh gi v tc ng mi trng ca d
n trong qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh d n, nht tr vi
nhng bin php v cam kt gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh h thng thot nc,
thu gom v x l nc thi cho thnh ph in Bin Ph.
LAVIC - 2009
KT LUN V KIN NGH

LAVIC - 2009
I. KT LUN
1. D n xy dng h thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc
thi thnh ph in Bin Ph l mt d n thn thin vi mi
trng. Tc ng chung ca ton b d n l tch cc v s l
mt bc t ph trong cng tc bo v mi trng thng qua h
thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi tng i hon
chnh.
H thng thu gom v x l nc thi s khc phc tnh trng
nhim mi trng v ang l vn nhc nhi, to ln mt
b mt th mi khang trang, sch p. Nc thi c thu
gom v x l trc khi x ra mi trng s gp phn tr li cho mi
trng nc, ngun ti nguyn v cng qu gi, s trong sch vn
c ca n.
2. D n ny em n cho dn c thnh ph in Bin Ph
mt cng trnh thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi ng b,
gp phn nng cao mc sng, nng cao thc bo v mi trng ca nhn dn.
c bit, Thin nhin ban tng cho in Bin mt h sinh thi lin hon
gm nhng h nc mnh mng, c ngun nc khong vi nhng rng cy
xanh thm, nhiu hang ng k o, th vic u t d n ny cng c
ngha. Mt in Bin cn lu gi nhng di tch c gi tr nhn vn nh
thnh Tam Vn, Thnh Bn Ph - n Hong Cng Cht, v ni bt l h thng
di tch lch s chin thng in Bin Ph, chc chn s tr thnh
im du lch ngh dng c o cho du khch trong v ngoi
nc.
Trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t, vn mi trng ngy
cng c quan tm, s u t cho d n ny l bc i ng hng ca thnh ph in Bin Ph, ph hp vi xu th pht trin
bn vng Vit Nam v trn ton th gii.
3. Da trn cc cn c khoa hc phn tch trong bo co
ny, khng nh: V tr xy dng trm x l nc thi p dng
cho thnh ph in Bin Ph t tiu chun mi trng.
4. Cc vn mi trng pht sinh trong qu trnh gii phng
mt bng:
- Lm mt i mt phn din tch t nng nghip ( 3ha)
LAVIC - 2009
- Lm gim thu nhp ca cc h dn b mt t.

Khu vc t b thu hi l khng phi l ngun thu nhp
chnh nn khng gy xo trn cuc sng ca dn c a phng. Mt khc, trn din tch t hin hu, khng c cc
cng trnh kin trc quan trng, cng khng c lng m,
nh cha. y l nhng iu kin rt thun li cho d n.
5. Cc vn pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng
gm:
Kh thi, khi bi v ting n gy ra bi cc phng tin c
gii vn chuyn v thi cng cng trnh; bi cc hot ng
xy lp h thng ng ng dn nc thi.
Nc thi v cht thi rn ca cng nhn xy dng trn
cng trng.
Cc tc ng trn y ch xy ra trong thi gian thi cng v
hon ton c th khc phc bng cc bin php gim thiu
nh trnh by trong chng 4.
6. Cc tc ng mi trng khi d n hot ng gm:
Cht lng nc thi sau x l c th khng t tiu chun mi trng bi cc nguyn nhn: Trong nc thi c cc cht c hi
hoc qu trnh x l cha trit . Khi , nc thi t cc trm
x l s lm nhim ngun nc mt sng Nm Rm.
Bn cnh hot ng ca trm x l nc thi cn c th nh
hng n mi trng khng kh xung quanh bi mi hi t mng x l sinh hc v t khu x l bn.
Tuy nhin cc tc ng mi trng trn y u c th khc
phc c bng cc gii php hu hiu: Gim st quy trnh
cng ngh x l; gim st nh k cht lng nc thi; kim tra
bo dng thng xuyn trm x l, cc tuyn cng nc thi.
7. Chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng s c thc hin
nghim tc bi n v qun l v vn hnh d n cng vi s
hp tc v hng dn ca c quan qun l mi trng a phng.
Mc tiu ca chng trnh ny l: Qun l cht ch v hn ch
s thay i mi trng theo chiu hng xu. ng thi m
bo rng cht lng nc thi lun t tiu chun Vit Nam hin
hnh.
LAVIC - 2009
8. Vi s tun th nghim ngt cc quy nh php lut v mi

trng v cc xut gim thiu nhim mi trng trong bo
co ny, chc chn, d n xy dng h thng thot nc, thu
gom v x l nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph s hot ng tt,
em li hiu qu tch cc v kinh t - x hi - mi trng.
II. KIN NGH
1. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng ti thnh ph in
Bin Ph h tr ch d n tp hun nng cao trnh ca
ng cn b, cng nhn trm x l nc thi; t chc cc bui
gio dc cng ng nng cao thc bo v mi trng,
bo v ngun nc ca nhn dn a phng.
2. Cc n v c pht sinh nc thi sn xut phi x l s b
trc khi a vo h thng thot nc chung ca thnh ph in
Bin Ph. ngh c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng qun
l cht ch v c bin php x l nghim.
3. ngh S Ti nguyn Mi trng tnh in Bin t chc
thm nh, ph duyt bo co nh gi Tc ng Mi trng v
cp Giy php Thm nh D n Xy dng h thng
thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi thnh ph in Bin Ph sm
c thc hin. ng thi, lm c s cho cng tc qun l v
bo v mi trng khi D n i vo hot ng.
LAVIC - 2009
PH LC
BAO CAO ANH GIA TAC NG MI TRNG
1.
2.
3.
4.
LAVIC - 2009
Cc kt qu o mi trng.
S mt bng v tr ly mu.
S mt bng trm x l nc thi.
S v tr gim st mi trng
Ph lc 1:
Cc kt qu o c hin trng
mi trng khu vc.
1- Kt qu quan trc cht lng mi trng khng kh.
2- Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng ting n, rung.
3- Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt.
4- Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm.
5- Kt qu phn tch mu bn t ven sng, t rung.
6- Kt qu phn tch nc thi.
LAVIC - 2009
Ph lc 2:
S mt bng v tr ly mu
LAVIC - 2009
Ph lc 3:
S mt bng trm x l nc thi
LAVIC - 2009
Ph lc 4:
S v tr gim st cht lng mi trng
LAVIC - 2009
Ph lc 5:
Cc tiu chun mi trng
LAVIC - 2009

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H thng thot nc, thu gom v x l nc thi Thanh ph in Bin Phu Tinh in Bin

1.4.5 K hoch thc hin........................................................................................31

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

2.2.2.4. Giao duc.................................................................................................41

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

3.4. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT , TIN CY CA CC NH

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

4.4.1. Bin phap phong chng chay n................................................................119

KT LUN V KIN NGH...............................................................140

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

quan tm ca ton nhn loi.

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

- Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ca Chnh ph: Sa i b sung mt s iu ca

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

- Bo co kinh t x hi ca UBND thanh ph in Bin Phu va cac tai liu v

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng

Bng i. Danh mc cc d n phi lp bo co TM hoc

D n khai thc Cng sut khai thc t 10.000

D n khai thc Cng sut khai thc t 50.000 m3

D n xy dng Cng sut thit k 1.000 m3

Cn c Lut bo v mi trng v Thng t 05/TT/BTNMT v vic quy nh chi

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -

- Ghi nhn nhng xut t pha cng ng v lnh o a

ng Nguyn Phan Anh

S 9 ng Thanh, Qun Hoan Kim, HN

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -

4.2. T chc thc hin

Phn cng vic

CNG TY C PHN U T, CNG NGH MI TRNG VA HA TNG

Ths. Nguyn Phan Anh

Ks. Phan Hoanh Sn

Chu nhim cng trinh

Ths. Thi Kim Xun

Chu tri thc hin Tng hp LAVIC

Ks. Nguyn Cng Minh

Chuyn gia mi trng nc LAVIC

Ks. L Anh Tun

Chuyn gia mi trng khng LAVIC

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -

Ks. oan Manh Hung

Chuyn gia phn tich cng LAVIC

Chuyn gia cht thai rn LAVIC

Ks. ao Trang Nhung

Ky s cp thoat nc anh LAVIC

Cn. Nguyn Tin Dung

C nhn mi trng Tng LAVIC

Ths. L Vit Thanh

Chuyn gia phn tich cng LAVIC

Ky s cp thoat nc Tham LAVIC

Ks. Ha Ngoc Minh

Ky s cp thoat nc Tham LAVIC

TRUNG TM CNG NGH X LY MI TRNG B QUC PHONG

Ks. Nguyn c Toan

Kim inh vin Ly mu, Trung tm cng ngh x

Kim inh vin - Ly mu, Trung tm cng ngh x

Ks. Nguyn Thi Phng

Can b phong thi nghim

Trung tm cng ngh x

Can b phong thi nghim

Trung tm cng ngh x

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -

Bao cao anh gia tac ng Mi trng -