Steel Roof Design ASD

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Steel Roof Design
Using Allowable Stress Design (ASD) in S.I.
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5/14/2010
Kurt Louis A. Montemor
PART 1: LOADS
WIND LOAD DERIVATION (Figures not available, in this case apply your countrys
provisions.)
1.25
=
= 47.3 106 2
Location:
Pateros, Bulacan
Type:
Low-rise
Construction: Rigid
Enclosure:
Enclosed
Exposure Category: Exposure B
Occupancy Category: IV (Standard Category)
From NSCP 2001:
Kz = 0.85 (Table 207-3 and note #6 of Fig. 207-4)
Kzt = 1.00 (Eqn. 207-2 and Fig. 207-2)
V = 200 kph
Iw = 1.00
Therefore,
= 47.3 106 2
= 47.3 106 0.85 1.00 200
= 1.6082
=
1.00
1.25
WIND LOAD CASE A ( = 26.57)

Building Surface Zone
GCpf
1
2
3
4
0.55
-0.10
-0.45
-0.39
WIND LOAD CASE B ( = 26.57)

Building Surface Zone
GCpf
1
2
3
4
0.55
-0.10
-0.45
-0.39
* The important surfaces are Building Surface Zone (BSZ) 2 and 3, and Wind Load Case B
governs, since the values are higher.
* The negative sign indicated pressure acting away from the surface (note #3, Fig. 207-4)
GCpi = 0.18 (Table 207-4)
1.25
=
2 = 1.6082 0.69 + 0.18 1.25 = 1.3513
3 = 1.6082 0.37 + 0.18 1.25 = 0.7617
ROOF DEAD LOAD DERIVATION
Roofing:
*Use Gage 24 G.I. corrugated sheet
*For a 12-ft (3.60m) length Gage 24 G.I. corrugated sheet with an effective width of 0.60m for a
lap of 2 corrugations per side,
18.29 9.81 2
1
=
= 81.76 2
= 0.082
3.60 0.60
1000
*One of the inclined roof side measures 3 2 + 1.5
weight per 11ft is
11
= 0.082
= 0.075
12
HANGER LOAD DERIVATION:
= 3.35 = 11.00, thus the
Dead Load:
Ceiling:
Marine Plywood:
Ceiling Joist:
Mild Steel Channel C 50x30x0.6:
0.036 kPa
Code Specified
0.005027 kN/m
Actual
Total Length of Ceiling Joist = 65 m

Total Ceiling Area
= 30 m2
Ceiling Joist Load = (0.005027 kN/m)(65 m)/ 30 m2 + 0.036 kPa = 0.04689 kPa
Live Load:
Mechanical Duct Allowance = 0.20 kPa
ROOF LOAD CALCULATION:

Reference Figure: note that the width of the influence area is 0.85m. The influence area (shown
in red) measures 5.00m x 0.85m
Dead Load: (along inclination of the roof)

Roofing: Using Gage 24 G.I. Corrugated Sheet:
0.075 kPa
Insulation: 10mm urethane foam w/ skin:
0.009 kPa
Total: 0.084 kPa
, =
, =
2
5
1
5
0.084
5 0.85
5
0.084 5 0.85
5
= 0.0639/
= 0.0319/
Actual
Code Specified
Dead Load Free-Body Diagram:

0.0639 kN/m
0.084 kPa
0.0319 kN/m
5
1
Normal Component
Tangential Component
0.0639 kN/m
0.0319 kN/m
2.5m
2.5m
Live Load: (along horizontal)

Roof Live Load:
, =
, =
2
5
1
5
0.750 kPa
0.75
5 0.75
5
0.75 5 0.75
Live Load Free-Body Diagram:
2.5m
= 0.5031/
= 0.2516/
Code Specified
2.5m
0.75 kPa
0.5031 kN/m
0.2516 kN/m
5
5
Normal Component
Tangential Component
0.5031 kN/m
2.5m
0.2516 kN/m
2.5m
2.5m
Wind Load: (normal to roof inclination, suction nature)

Suction Wind Load:
1.3513 kPa
2.5m
Code Specified
Wind Load Free-Body Diagram:
1.1486 kN/m
1.3513 kPa
Normal Component
1.1486 kN/m
2.5m
2.5m
HANGER LOAD CALCULATION:
Hanger Loads:
Notation:
D Dead Load
L Live Load
H Hanger Load
P1 :
Influence Area
P1D = Deal Load P1
P1L = Live Load P1
N Normal Component
T Tangential Component
= (1.00 m)(0.75 m)
= (0.75 m2)(0.04689 kPa)
= (0.75 m2)(0.20 kPa)
P2 :
Influence Area = (0.75m)(0.75m)
P2D = (0.5625 m2)(0.04689 m2)
P2L = (0.5625 m2)(0.20 kPa)
= 0.5625 m2
= 0.0265 kN
= 0.1125 kN
P3 :
Influence Area = (0.75m)(0.75m)
P3D = (0.5625 m2)(0.04689 m2)
P3L = (0.5625 m2)(0.20 kPa)
= 0.5625 m2
= 0.0265 kN
= 0.1125 kN
P1D, N =
P1D, T =
P1L, N =
= 0.0316 kN
= 0.0158 kN
= 0.1342 kN
2/5 (0.0353 kN)

1/5 (0.0353 kN)
2/5 (0.15 kN)
= 0.75 m2
= 0.0353 kN
= 0.1500 kN
P1L, T
P2D, N
P2D, T
P2L, N
P2L, T
=
=P3D,N
=P3D, T
=P3L, N
=P3L, T
1/5 (0.15kN)
= 2/5(0.0265kN)
= 1/5(0.0265kN)
= 2/5(0.1125kN)
= 1/5(0.1125kN)
= 0.0671 kN
= 0.0237 kN
= 0.0119 kN
= 0.1006 kN
= 0.0503 kN
Hanger Load Free-Body Diagram:
Load Reference Figure
c.g.
Dead Load Normal Component

2.5m
2.5m
0.0237kN 0.0237kN 0.0316kN
Live Load Normal Component
P2
P3
P3
0.875m 0.5m
P1
P2
2.5m
0.5m 0.875m
2.5m
0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m
0.0158kN 0.0119kN 0.0119kN
0.875m 0.5m
0.0119kN 0.0119kN 0.0158kN
Live Load Tangential Component

2.5m
2.5m
0.5m 0.875m 0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m 0.875m 0.5m
0.1342kN 0.1006kN 0.1006kN
2.5m
0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m
Dead Load Tangential Component
0.5m 0.875m 0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m 0.875m 0.5m
2.5m
0.5m 0.875m
P1
DH , LH
0.0316kN 0.0237kN 0.0237kN
2.5m
0.1006kN 0.1006kN 0.1342kN
2.5m
0.5m 0.875m 0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m 0.875m 0.5m
0.0671kN 0.0503kN 0.0503kN
PART 2: PURLIN DESIGN

Load Orientation Diagram:
*The loads are simultaneously acting, and they are oriented as
follows:
W
=
Wind load
(suction, normal to roof)
Dr
=
Roof Dead Load
(vertical)
DH
=
Hanger Dead Load (vertical)
Lr
=
Roof Live Load
(vertical)
LH
=
Hanger Live Load
(vertical)
0.0503kN 0.0503kN 0.0671kN
Dr , Lr
c.g.
5
2
DH , LH
Assignment of Node Number and Member Number:

W
D, L
1
(0,0)
(5,0)
(2.5,0)
P1
P2
(0.5,0)
(1.375,0)
P3
P3
(2.875,0)
(2.125,0)
P2
(3.625,0)
P1
(4.5,0)
(0,0)
A
(2.5,0)
B
(5,0)
C
- Node Number
- Member Number
Structural Analysis of Forces (Using STRAN):

*note:
1. The dead load was calculated assuming a section LC 100x50x15x2.0. Should the allowable
values (stress and deflection) be exceeded, the calculations will be revised.
2. The original output was edited for clarity. There has been inclusion of units and drawings for
reference.
Dead Load Only [D] Normal Component
==========================
S T R A N -- Version 4.0
==========================
Copyright 1998 by Russell C. Hibbeler
The output from this program is to be used for academic and educational purposes only, and is
not for professional use.
Problem Title: Dead Load Only [D] Normal Component
Structure Type: BEAM
(0,0)
A
(2.5,0)
B
(5,0)
C
************************
* NODE COORDINATES *
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0 m
*************************
* MEMBER PROPERTIES *
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Young's Modulus = 200000000 kPa
Moment of Inertia = 0.000000675 m4
Near Moment Released = No
Far Moment Released = No
Node No. 2:
X-Coordinate = 2.5 m
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
0.0639 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(2.5,0)
(5,0)
P1 = 0.0316 kN/m P2 = 0.0237 kN/m P3 = 0.0237 kN/m P3 = 0.0237 kN/m P2 = 0.0237 kN/m P1 = 0.0316 kN/m
(2.875,0)
(3.625,0)
(0.5,0)
(1.375,0)
(2.125,0)
(4.5,0)
**************************
* STRUCTURE SUPPORTS *
**************************
Support at node no. 1:
Restrained in Y-direction, Support displacement = 0
Free in Rot-direction
Restrained in Y-direction, Support displacement = 0 Free in Rot-direction
**************************************
* APPLIED LOADINGS ON STRUCTURE *
**************************************
Distributed load on member no. 1:
Algebraic value of load closest to near node in member y' direction = -0.0639 kN/m
Distance from near node = 0
Algebraic value of load farthest from near node in member y' direction = -0.0639 kN/m
Distance from near node = 2.5 m
Concentrated force on member no. 1:
Algebraic value in member y' direction = -0.0316 kN
Distance from near node = 2 m
********************************************************
* MEMBER END DISPLACEMENTS IN GLOBAL DIRECTION *
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end Y-displacement = 0
Near end Rot-displacement = -2.36691550925926E-04 rad
Far end Y-displacement = 0
Far end Rot-displacement = 2.23061369667588E-20 rad
Member No. 2:
Near end Rot-displacement = 2.23061369667588E-20 rad
*************************************
* STRUCTURE SUPPORT REACTIONS *
*************************************
Y-direction support reaction = 0.089031575 kN
******************************************************************
* MEMBER END FORCES IN LOCAL MEMBER COORDINATE SYSTEM *
******************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end shear force = 0.089031575 kN
Near end moment = 0
Far end shear force = 0.149718425 kN
Far end moment = -0.0758585625 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Near end moment = 0.0758585625 kN-m
Far end moment = 6.93889390390723E-18 kN-m
*****************************************************************
* STATICS CHECK AT NEAR NODE & FAR NODE OF EACH MEMBER *
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of near node Y-forces = -6.93889390390723E-18 kN
Sum of near node moments = 0
Sum of far node Y-forces = -6.93889390390723E-18 kN
Sum of far node moments = -2.16840434497101E-18 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Sum of near node moments = -2.16840434497101E-18 kN-m
Sum of far node moments = 6.93889390390723E-18 kN-m
Dead Load Only [D] Tangential Component

==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Dead Load Only [D] Tangential Component
(0,0)
A
************************
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
(2.5,0)
B
(5,0)
C
*************************
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
0.0319 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(2.5,0)
(5,0)
(2.875,0)
(3.625,0)
(0.5,0)
(1.375,0)
(2.125,0)
(4.5,0)
*************************
*************************
Restrained in Y-direction, Support displacement = 0 Free in Rot-direction
**************************************
**************************************
Distance from near node = 0.5 kN

********************************************************
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Far end Rot-displacement = -9.62547666612062E-20 rad
Member No. 2:
*************************************
*************************************
******************************************************************
******************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end moment = -3.46944695195361E-18 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Far end moment = -3.46944695195361E-18 kN-m
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of near node Y-forces = 0
Member No. 2:
Sum of near node moments = 4.33680868994202E-19 kN-m
Dead + Live Load [D + L + Lr] Normal Component

==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Normal Component: Dead+Live Load [D+L]
(0,0)
A
************************
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
(2.5,0)
B
(5,0)
C
*************************
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
0.5964 kN/m
1
(0,0)
3
2
(5,0)
(2.5,0)
P1 = 0.1658 kN
(0.5,0)
P2 = 0.1243 kN
(1.375,0)
P3 = 0.1243 kN P3 = 0.1243 kN P2 = 0.1243 kN

(2.875,0)
(3.625,0)
(2.125,0)
P1 = 0.1658 kN
(4.5,0)
*************************
*************************
**************************************
**************************************

********************************************************
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
************************************
************************************
******************************************************************
******************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end moment = 5.55111512312578E-17 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Far end moment = 0
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of near node Y-forces = 5.55111512312578E-17 kN
Sum of far node Y-forces = 1.11022302462516E-16 kN
Member No. 2:
Sum of far node moments = 0
Dead + Live Load [D + L + Lr] Tangential Component

==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Tangential Component: Dead+Live Load [D+L]
(0,0)
A
************************
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
(2.5,0)
B
(5,0)
C
*************************
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
0.2982 kN/m
1
(0,0)
3
2
(5,0)
(2.5,0)
P1 = 0.0829 kN
(0.5,0)
P2 = 0.0622 kN
(1.375,0)
P3 = 0.0622 kN P3 = 0.0622 kN P2 = 0.0622 kN

(2.875,0)
(3.625,0)
(2.125,0)
P1 = 0.0829 kN
(4.5,0)
**************************
**************************
***************************************
**************************************

********************************************************
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
************************************
************************************
******************************************************************
******************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end moment = 0
Member No. 2:
Far end moment = 0
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Dead + Wind Load [D + W] Normal Component

*note: due to the nature of the wind load, and as interpreted in the NSCP, there is no tangential
component of wind load.
==========================
==========================
Problem Title: Dead+Wind Load [D+W] Normal Component
Y
(0,0)
A
************************
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0 m
Node No. 2:
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 5 m
(2.5,0)
B
(5,0)
C
*************************
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
1.1486 kN/m
0.0639 kN/m
1
(0,0)
(2.5,0)
(5,0)
(2.875,0)
(3.625,0)
(0.5,0)
(1.375,0)
(2.125,0)
(4.5,0)
*************************
*************************
*************************************
*************************************
Dead Load Component:

Wind Load Component:
Algebraic value of load closest to near node in member y' direction = 1.1486 kN/m
Algebraic value of load farthest from near node in member y' direction = 1.1486 kN/m
Algebraic value of load closest to near node in member y' direction = 1.1486 kN/m
Algebraic value of load farthest from near node in member y' direction = 1.1486 kN/m
********************************************************
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:

*************************************
*************************************
Y-direction support reaction = -0.987780925 kN
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end shear force = -0.987780925 kN
Near end moment = 0
Far end shear force = -1.644969075 kN
Far end moment = 0.8214851875 kN-m
Member No. 2:
Near end shear force = -1.644969075 kN
Near end moment = -0.8214851875 kN-m
Far end shear force = -0.987780925 kN
Far end moment = 0
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
CONCLUSION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:

Analyzing the load combinations, the load combination that produces the greatest stresses and
deflection [when the normal and tangential components are combined] is the DEAD PLUS
LIVE LOAD COMBINATION. Thus, base the design from this governing load combination.
DEFLECTION CALCULATION:
Normal Component:
Elastic Curve
0.5964 kN/m
(0,0)
(5,0)
(2.5,0)
P1 = 0.1658 kN
(0.5,0)
P2 = 0.1243 kN
(1.375,0)
P3 = 0.1243 kN P3 = 0.1243 kN P2 = 0.1243 kN

(2.875,0)
(3.625,0)
(2.125,0)
P1 = 0.1658 kN
(4.5,0)
*Note that the loads are symmetrical with respect to support B, and thus the tangent to the elastic
curve at B is horizontal, B = 0, therefore it can be modeled as a fixed support. Using an
equivalent system of the structure,
0.6099 kN/m
0.1243 kN
0.1658 kN
RAy
0.50m
0.1243 kN
0.75m
0.875m
MB
0.375m
RBy
Using the modified slope-deflection equation,

= 3 +
. . , 6 . . , . 440
*the expression for the fixed end moments are:
P
= 2
2
+
2
2
a
A
B
L
w
I. Calculate the Moment at the Fixed Support:

675 109 4
2.5
675 109 4
2.5
= 3 200,000,000
0.5964
2.5
8
0.1234
0.375 2 2.125
2
+
2.125 0.375 +
2.5 2
2
0.1234
1.125 2 1.375
2
+
1.375 1.125 +
2.5 2
2
2
0.1658
2 0.5
+
0.5 2 2 +
2
2.5
2
= 0.6020 ,
= 3 200,000,000
0 0 +
00 +
Checking: Using Three-Moment Equation (without support displacement):

1
1 2
2
61 1 62 2
+ 2
+
+
=
1
1 2
2
1 1
2 2
*From Statically Indeterminate Structures by Chu-Kia Wang, Ph.D.
Moment Diagram:
0.6099 kN/m
-9
I2 =
I1 = 675x10 m
0.1658 kN
0.1243 kN
0.1243 kN
L2 = 1m
L1 = 2.5m
0.5m
(can be of any value)
1.375
m
37/24
m
2.125
m
0.0396 kN-m
c.g.
0.0769 kN-m
31/24 m
c.g.
0.0663 kN-m
1m
c.g.
2
0.4765 kN-m
1.25m
c.g.
*note: L2 can be of any length, L2 = 1m is an arbitrarily assigned value.
*MA = 0 and MC = 0 since they are both pinned supports and are end supports.
4
2
2
1 2
6
+
=
1 2
1 1
=1
2.5
1
+
9
4
675 10
6
1
37
=
2.5 0.0296
9
4
675 10 2.5 2
24
1
31
1
+ 2.5 0.0769
+ 2.5 0.0663 1
2
24
2
2
+ 2.5 0.4765 1.25
3
= 0.6020
*note: (-) indicates compression of bottom fiber
= 0.6020 ,
II. Calculate Reactions:

0.6099 kN/m
0.1243 kN
0.1658 kN
RAy
0.50m
0.1243 kN
0.75m
0.875m
MB = 0.6020 kN/m
0.375m
= 0;
2.5 + 0.6020 0.1658 2 0.1243 1.125 + 0.375
0.6099
= 0.7119
2.5 1.25 = 0
III. Calculate Maximum Deflection:

2m
1.125m
0.375m
0.5964 kN/m
0.1658 kN
0.1243 kN
0.7119 kN
MB = 0.6020 kN/m
0.1243 kN
1.2273 kN
-(0.7119kN)(2.5m)=
-1.7797 kN-m/ EI
(0.1658kN)(2m)=
0.3316 kN-m/ EI
(0.1243kN)(1.125m)=
0.1398 kN-m/ EI
(0.1243kN)(0.375m)=
0.0466 kN-m/ EI
1
2.5
2
(0.5964kN/m)(2.5m)(1.25m)=
1.8638 kN-m/ EI
1.7797 2.5
1
0.3316
+ 2
3
2
1
0.1398 1.125
+ 1.125
2
3
1
0.0466 0.375
+ 0.375
2
3
1
1.8638 2.5
+ 2.5
3
0.6316
3

0.2526
=
3
2.5
2
3
=
0.2526
0
2
1
1
1
1
= 0.7119 + 0.1658 0.5 + 0.1243 1.375 + 0.2982 2
2
2
2
3
0.2570 = 0.3559 + 0.0829 0.5 + 0.06215 1.375 + 0.0994 3

= 2.006271093
*Note that the equation for does not include the effect of 0.1243 kN load located 0.375 m
from B, since the value of x does not reach this load. This was previously assumed in the
calculation, and was proven true.
2
2
+ 0.0829 0.5
0.5 + 0.5
3
3
2
3
+ 0.06215 1.375
1.375 + 1.375 + 0.0994 3
3
4
Substituting = 2.006271093 ,
= 0.3559
0.5109
3
0.5109
0.5109 1000 4
3
, =
=
= 3.7844
200000 675 103 4
*note that the values of the load for the tangential component is half of the Normal component,
thus the deflection of the purlin in the direction of the tangent is:
0.2554
0.2554 3
3
=
=
= 8.8086
200,000 145 103 4
,
=
, 2 + , 2 =
3.7844
+ 8.8086
= 9.5871
= 240 (for roof members with dead and live load. See National Structural Code of the
Philippines 2001 Section 104.2.2 p. 1-4)
2500
= 10.42
240
< , !
Therefore, use LC 100x50x15x2.0 (Light-gage Channel, see ASEP Steel Handbook 2004 Vol.1
page LC-5)
Final Purlin Section:

Properties of LC 100x50x15x2.0:
W, weight
A, area
R, radius
= 3.35 kg/m
= 427 mm2
= 4mm
xc , centroid
Ix , Inertia
Iy , Inertia
= 17.1mm
= 675x103 mm4
= 145x103 mm4
PART 3: TRUSS DESIGN

TRUSS NODAL LOADS:
NODAL LOADS DUE TO PURLINS:

P Purlin Load on middle truss
= 1.2273 2 = 2.4546
1
= 2.4596 = 1.2273
2
=
2 + 2 =
2.4546
+ 1.2273
= 2.7443
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
2.7443 kN
*note that the load from the purlin placed directly on the member is assumed to be divided
equally to the nearest nodes. The member itself is not assumed to be loaded. The self-weight of
the member is also assumed to be distributed equally on the supporting nodes. Therefore, the
load at the interior node is
1
= 2.7443 + 2
2.7443 = 5.4887
2
The load at the exterior node is
1
= 2.7443 + 2.7443 = 4.1165
2
*note that this load goes directly to the support, so it will not add to the member stress, thus it
will not be included in the calculations.
Truss Load Diagram due to Purlins:
5.4887 kN
5.4887 kN
07
06
5.4887 kN
11
08
4.1165 kN
10
09
01
05
12
4.1165 kN
13
02
03
04
NODAL LOADS DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT:

Assume using L 40x40x3 section:
Properties:
W = 1.84 kg/m = 0.0181 kN/m
A = 235 mm2 = 235x10-6 m2
Ix = 34x103 mm4 = 3.4x10-8 m4
Iy = 34x103 mm4 = 3.4x10-8 m4
rx = ry = 12.11 mm
xc = yc = 10.73 mm
*for inclined members 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12, the load at the supporting node is calculated as
follows:
w
5
= 0.0181 /
1
1
= = 0.0181 /
2
2
= 0.0152
1.5
+ 0.75
*for horizontal members 1, 2, 3, 4, the load at the supporting

node is calculated as follows:
= 0.0181 /
1
1
= = 0.0181 / 1.5 = 0.0136
2
2
R
*for vertical members 9, 11, 13, the load is calculated as follows:

R
Members 9 and 13:

= 0.0181 /
1
1
= = 0.0181 / 0.75 = 0.0068
2
2
w
Member 11:
= 0.0181 /
1
1
= = 0.0181 / 1.50 = 0.0136
2
2
R
Vertical Node Load due to Self-weight:
Node 1 and Node 5:

*note that members 1 and 8 are connected to this node.
*note that due to symmetry, this also applied to node 5.
= 0.0136 + 0.0152 = 0.0288
Node 2 and Node 4:

*note that members 1, 2, and 8 are connected to this node.
*note that due to symmetry, this also applies to node 4.
= 2 0.0136 + 0.0068 = 0.0340
Node 3:
*note that members 2, 3, 10, 11, and 12 are connected to
this node.
= 2 0.0136 + 2 0.0152 + 0.0136
= 0.0712
Node 8 and Node 6:
*note that members 7, 8, 9, and 10 are connected to this
node. Also, due to symmetry, This also applies to node 6.
= 3 0.0152 + 0.0068 = 0.0524
Node 7:
*note that members 6, 7, and 11 are connected to this
node.
= 2 0.0152 + 0.0136 = 0.0440
TRUSS LOADS CALCULATION:

*in the following calculations, the member self-weight will be included. Any change in the
assumed member size will constitute revision for the force calculations due to self-weight.
Assume using L 40x40x3 section:
Properties:
W = 1.84 kg/m = 0.0181 kN/m
A = 235 mm2 = 235x10-6 m2
Ix = 34x103 mm4 = 3.4x10-8 m4
Iy = 34x103 mm4 = 3.4x10-8 m4
rx = ry = 12.11 mm
Calculation of Forces Using STRAN:
Loads Due to Purlin Load:
5.4887 kN
7
5.4887 kN
07
06
5.4887 kN
6
8
11
08
10
4.1165 kN
09
01
05
12
02
2
4.1165 kN
13
03
3
- Node Number
- Member Number
- Pointing to far node
*note: The origin of the global coordinate axis is located at Node 1.
04
5
4
Loads Due to Member Self-weight:

0.0440 kN
7
0.0524 kN
07
06
0.0524 kN
6
8
11
08
10
0.0288 kN
09
0.0288 kN
13
01
02
05
12
03
04
5
2
0.0340 kN
4
0.0340 kN
0.0712 kN
- Node
Number
Member
Stresses:
- Member Number
- Pointing to far node
*note: the origin of the global coordinate axis is located at node 1.
Loads Due to Combined Purlin Loads and Self-weight:

5.5327 kN
7
5.5411 kN
07
06
5.5411 kN
6
8
11
08
10
4.1453 kN
09
01
05
12
02
2
0.0340 kN
4.1453 kN
13
03
3
0.0712 kN
04
5
4
0.0340 kN
Truss Primary Force Analysis Including Member Self-weight

==========================
==========================
The output from this program is to be used for academic and educational purposes only, and is not for
professional use.
Problem Title: Primary Stress Analysis
Structure Type: PLANE TRUSS
************************
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 4:
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 5:
X-Coordinate = 6 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 6:
Y-Coordinate = 0.75 m
Node No. 7:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Node No. 8:
*************************
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Section Area = 0.000235 m2
Member Fabrication Error Length = 0
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Member No. 4:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 5
Member No. 5:
Near Node = 5
Far Node = 6
Member No. 6:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 7
Member No. 7:
Near Node = 7
Far Node = 8
Member No. 8:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 1
Member No. 9:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 8
Member No. 10:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 3
Member No. 11:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 7
Member No. 12:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 3
Member No. 13:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 6
**************************
**************************
Restrained in X-direction, Support displacement = 0

**************************************
**************************************
Concentrated force at node no. 1:
Algebraic value in global Y-direction = -4.1453 kN
********************************************************
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end X-displacement = 0
Far end X-displacement = 0
Far end Y-displacement = -4.29848619684835E-04 m
Member No. 2:
Near end Y-displacement = -4.29848619684835E-04 m
Member No. 3:

Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Far end X-displacement = -3.40099171793725E-05 m
Member No. 6:
Near end X-displacement = -3.40099171793725E-05 m
Far end X-displacement = 1.89188107245515E-20 m
Member No. 7:
Near end X-displacement = 1.89188107245515E-20 m
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:

Member No. 13:
*************************************
*************************************
X-direction support reaction = 4.05007434626385 kN
X-direction support reaction = 9.90093423913763E-16 kN
X-direction support reaction = -4.05007434626385 kN
******************************************************************
******************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end axial force = 0
Far end axial force = 0
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Near end axial force = 4.528120776087 kN
Far end axial force = -4.528120776087 kN
Member No. 6:
Near end axial force = -1.70503051459254 kN
Far end axial force = 1.70503051459254 kN
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Near end axial force = -3.40000000000014E-02 kN
Far end axial force = 3.40000000000014E-02 kN
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
****************************************************************
****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Sum of near node X-forces = 8.88178419700125E-16 kN
Sum of far node X-forces = 0
Member No. 2:
Sum of near node X-forces = 0
Sum of far node X-forces = 1.29453739394769E-15 kN
Member No. 3:

Member No. 4:
Sum of far node Y-forces = 0
Member No. 5:
Sum of far node X-forces = -1.39645239816133E-15 kN
Member No. 6:
Sum of near node X-forces = -1.39645239816133E-15 kN
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:

Member No. 13:
Truss Secondary Force Analysis Including Member Self-weight

==========================
==========================
The output from this program is to be used for academic and educational purposes only, and is not for
professional use.
Problem Title: Secondary Stress Analysis
Structure Type: PLANE FRAME
************************
************************
Node No. 1:
X-Coordinate = 0
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 2:
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 3:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 4:
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 5:
X-Coordinate = 6 m
Y-Coordinate = 0
Node No. 6:
Node No. 7:
X-Coordinate = 3 m
Node No. 8:
*************************
*************************
Member No. 1:
Near Node = 1
Far Node = 2
Member No. 2:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 3
Member No. 3:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 4
Member No. 4:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 5
Member No. 5:
Near Node = 5
Far Node = 6
Member No. 6:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 7

Member No. 7:
Near Node = 7
Far Node = 8
Member No. 8:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 1
Member No. 9:
Near Node = 2
Far Node = 8
Member No. 10:
Near Node = 8
Far Node = 3
Member No. 11:
Near Node = 3
Far Node = 7
Member No. 12:
Near Node = 6
Far Node = 3
Member No. 13:
Near Node = 4
Far Node = 6
**************************
**************************
*********************************
*********************************

********************************************************
********************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:

Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:

Member No. 13:
*************************************
*************************************
X-direction support reaction = 4.03495726971162 kN
X-direction support reaction = -2.68320283127367E-15 kN
X-direction support reaction = -4.03495726971162 kN
******************************************************************
******************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Near end shear force = 3.15551765412757E-03 kN
Far end shear force = -3.15551765412757E-03 kN
Member No. 2:
Near end axial force = 4.85604299056493E-03 kN
Near end shear force = -.01020447187211 kN
Far end axial force = -4.85604299056493E-03 kN
Far end shear force = .01020447187211 kN
Member No. 3:
Near end axial force = 4.85604299056493E-03 kN
Near end shear force = .01020447187211 kN
Far end axial force = -4.85604299056493E-03 kN
Far end shear force = -.01020447187211 kN

Member No. 4:
Near end shear force = -3.15551765412757E-03 kN
Far end shear force = 3.15551765412757E-03 kN
Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Member No. 9:
Member No. 10:

Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
Member No. 1:
Member No. 2:
Member No. 3:
Member No. 4:
Member No. 5:
Member No. 6:
Member No. 7:
Member No. 8:
Sum of far node Y-forces = 0
Member No. 9:

Member No. 10:
Member No. 11:
Member No. 12:
Member No. 13:
TRUSS MEMBER DESIGN:

*This is a checking of the capacity of the assumed member size L 40x40x3.0mm.
*At critical members, the force calculation using primary stress analysis gives higher values,
thus the calculation for compression stress will be based on primary stress results.
Member 11:
=
2 2
=
2 2 200000
= 126.17
248
1.0 1500
=
= 123.86
12.11
< ,
1
5 3
=
1
,
. . = +
. .
2
3 8
5 3 123.86
1 123.86 3
. . = +
= 1.92
3 8 126.17
8 126.17
248
1 123.86 2
=
1
= 67.04
1.92
2 126.17
7057.72
=
= 30.03 , < ,
!
235 2
Member 5:
=
2 2
=
2 2 200000
= 126.17
248
1.0 1677.05
=
= 138.48
12.11
> ,
12 2
12 2 200,000
=
=
= 53.70
23 138.48 2
2
23
4528.12
=
= 19.27 , < , !
235 2
*Therefore, use L 40x40x3 as member for all elements of the truss.
TRUSS CONNECTIONS DESIGN:

Truss Configuration:
5.5327 kN
7
5.5411 kN
07
06
5.5411 kN
6
8
11
08
10
4.1453 kN
09
01
05
12
02
2
0.0340 kN
4.1453 kN
13
03
04
5
4
0.0340 kN
0.0712 kN
*note: in the design of the connections, since it will resist moments, the results for the secondary
stress analysis will be used.
Joint 1, Member 8:
At point g:
4517.42 N
496.65 N-mm
496.65 N-mm
4034.96 N
4.85 N
6170.09 N
1.54 N
496.65 N-mm
a
4517.42 N
fvx
fvm
point g
fvy
fvx weld shear stress due to axial load

fvy weld shear stress due to end shear load
fm weld shear stress due to moment load
3 2
= 0.707 = 0.707 3 = 2.121 =
2
4517.42 2129.53
=
=
2.121
1.54 0.73
=
=
2.121
496.65 2
1404.73
=
=
=
1 3
2.121
12
Using E70xx welding rods:
=
+ 2
= 0.30 = 0.30 485 = 145.50

=
+
+
+ 2 =
+ 2 = 2
2129.53 1404.73 2
0.73 2
+
+
= 145.502
= 15.27 ,
*note that the centroid of the weld must coincide with the axial loads line of force.
*applies to joint 1 member 8, and joint 5 member 5, since truss and loads are symmetrical.
Joint 2, Member 9:
20.64 N
20.64 N
3380.81 N-mm
4856.04 N-mm
3380.81 N-mm
7617.44 N-mm
4.86 N
4.86 N
point g
fvx
9.71 N
a
fvy fvm
At point g:
fvx weld shear stress due to axial load
fvy weld shear stress due to end shear load
fm weld shear stress due to moment load
9.71
4.58
=
2.121
20.64
9.73
=
=
2.121
3380.81 2
9562.37
=
=
=
2
1 3
2.121
12
= 0.30 = 0.30 485 = 145.50
=
+ 2
=
+
+
+ 2 =
+ 2 = 2
9.73 9562.37 2
4.58 2
+
+
= 145.502
= 8.14 ,
*note that the centroid of the weld must coincide with the axial loads line of force.
*applies to joint 2 member 9, and joint 4 member 13, since truss and loads are symmetrical.
Joint 3 Member 10/12:

7054.45 N
5033.11 N-mm
5033.11 N-mm
6202.91 N
6202.91 N
fvy
fvm
fvx
point g
5033.11 N-mm
6202.91 N
5.82 N
6202.91
2924.08
=
2.121
5.82
2.75
=
=
2.121
5033.11 2
14235.79
=
=
=
1 3
2.121
12
= 0.30 = 0.30 485 = 145.50
=
=
+
+
+ 2 =
+ 2 = 2
2924.08 14235.79
2
= 24.15
2.75
+
= 145.502
*note that if the centroid of the weld (which was assumed in the calculation) must coincide with
the axial load, then 2 = = 10.73. However, 2 = 24.15 2 = 12.07,
therefore the calculation must be revised for the condition that the centroid of the weld does not
coincide with the axial loads line of force.
fvy
point g
fvm
fvx
5033.11 N-mm
6202.91 N
10.73 mm
5.82 N
6202.91
2924.08
=
2.121 + 10.73
+ 10.73
5.82
2.75
=
=
2.121 + 10.73
+ 10.73
5033.11
28471.57
=
=
=
+ 10.73 3
3
2.121
+
10.73
12
= 0.30 = 0.30 485 = 145.50
=
=
+
+
+ 2 =
+ 2 = 2
2924.08
28471.57
+
+ 10.73
+ 10.73 3
= 13.85
2.75
+
+ 10.73
= 145.502
= 10.73 + 13.85
= 24.58
*apply to joint 3, members 10 and 12.
Joint 3, Member 11:

7054.45 N
7054.45 N
5033.11 N-mm
6202.91 N
5033.11 N-mm
6202.91 N
=
7054.45
= 145.5
2.121
= 22.86
*the centroid of the weld must coincide with the line of action of the axial load.
Joint 8:
*The weld lengths for the members connected to joint 8 were previously calculated, thus apply
the weld lengths to this joint (joint 8).
*also apply to joint 6.
Joint 7:
Front View:
Back View:
Weld all edges of the top chord

Apply previous weld length calculations
[back] weld all edges
*note: The calculated weld lengths are the theoretical, minimum lengths required. In practice, the
edges of the truss members are welded thoroughly.

Steel Roof Design ASD

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Kurt Louis A. Montemor

WIND LOAD CASE A ( = 26.57)

WIND LOAD CASE B ( = 26.57)

= 3.35 = 11.00, thus the

Total Length of Ceiling Joist = 65 m

ROOF LOAD CALCULATION:

Dead Load: (along inclination of the roof)

Dead Load Free-Body Diagram:

Live Load: (along horizontal)

Live Load Free-Body Diagram:

Wind Load: (normal to roof inclination, suction nature)

Wind Load Free-Body Diagram:

HANGER LOAD CALCULATION:

2/5 (0.0353 kN)

Hanger Load Free-Body Diagram:

Load Reference Figure

Dead Load Normal Component

0.0237kN 0.0237kN 0.0316kN

Live Load Normal Component

0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m

0.0158kN 0.0119kN 0.0119kN

0.0119kN 0.0119kN 0.0158kN

Live Load Tangential Component

0.5m 0.875m 0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m 0.875m 0.5m

0.1342kN 0.1006kN 0.1006kN

0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m

Dead Load Tangential Component

0.5m 0.875m 0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m 0.875m 0.5m

0.0316kN 0.0237kN 0.0237kN

0.1006kN 0.1006kN 0.1342kN

0.5m 0.875m 0.75m 0.375m 0.375m 0.75m 0.875m 0.5m

0.0671kN 0.0503kN 0.0503kN

PART 2: PURLIN DESIGN

0.0503kN 0.0503kN 0.0671kN

Assignment of Node Number and Member Number:

Structural Analysis of Forces (Using STRAN):

Dead Load Only [D] Tangential Component

Distance from near node = 2.125 m

Dead + Live Load [D + L + Lr] Normal Component

P3 = 0.1243 kN P3 = 0.1243 kN P2 = 0.1243 kN

Concentrated force on member no. 1:

Dead + Live Load [D + L + Lr] Tangential Component

P3 = 0.0622 kN P3 = 0.0622 kN P2 = 0.0622 kN

Concentrated force on member no. 1:

Dead + Wind Load [D + W] Normal Component

Concentrated force on member no. 1:

Far end Y-displacement = 0

CONCLUSION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:

P3 = 0.1243 kN P3 = 0.1243 kN P2 = 0.1243 kN

Using the modified slope-deflection equation,

I. Calculate the Moment at the Fixed Support:

Checking: Using Three-Moment Equation (without support displacement):

(can be of any value)

*note: L2 can be of any length, L2 = 1m is an arbitrarily assigned value.

II. Calculate Reactions:

2.5 + 0.6020 0.1658 2 0.1243 1.125 + 0.375

III. Calculate Maximum Deflection:

0.2570 = 0.3559 + 0.0829 0.5 + 0.06215 1.375 + 0.0994 3

200000 675 103 4

200,000 145 103 4

Final Purlin Section: