Tong Hop de Thi Quoc Gia-1994-2005

S GIO D C O T O LM NG Tr ng THPT Chuyn Th ng Long L t
TUY N T P
THI H C SINH GI I QU C GIA
M HA H C
Bin So n: Th y Nguy n Thnh Anh T tr ng b mn Ha H c
L t
Thng 5/2005
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:1
B Gio Dc V o To
Thi Quc Gia Chn HS Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 - Bng A Ngy thi: 2/3/1994 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao ) - - - - - o0o - - - - -
Cu 1:
1. Nu ph-ng php ho hc c th dng loi cc cht c sau: a. SO2, NO2, HF trong kh thi cng nghip. b. L-ng ln clo trong phng th nghim. c. Pb2+ hoc Cu2+ trong n-c thi cc nh my. Vit y cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. T 0,1 mol H2SO4 c th iu ch 1,12 lt; 2,24 lt; 3,36 lt SO2 -c khng? Gii thch ti sao -c hay khng -c. Nu -c, minh ho bng cc v d c th. Trnh by ph-ng php thu SO2 tinh khit iu ch trn. Cu 2: 1. Lm cc th nghim sau: o Th nghim 1: Cho vo dung dch H2SO4 long ng trong 3 cc nh s 1, 2, 3 mi cc mt ming st. o Th nghim 2: Thm vo cc 1 ming nhm t tip xc vi ming st. o Th nghim 3: Thm v cc 2 mt ming ng t tip xc vi ming st. o Th nghim 4: Thm vo cc 3 mt ming bc t tip xc vi ming st. Trnh by v so snh cc hin t-ng xy ra trong cc th nghim trn. Vit ph-ng trnh v cc hin t-ng . Gii thch s khc nhau v cc hin t-ng xy ra trong cc th nghim. 2. a. Hy vit s v ph-ng trnh xy ra khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi hai in cc bng Platin. b. Sau khi in phn -c mt thi gian, ngt ngun in ngoi v ni hai in cc trn bng dy dn, c hin t-ng g xy ra? Gii thch v minh ho bng ph-ng php ho hc. Cu 3: 1. a. Nu ngha v cu to ca cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6. b. Cu hnh ny c th gp loi cht no? Minh ho bng tnh cht c th. c. Nu tnh cht ca cht trong th d trn. 2. Da vo m in ca nguyn t trong bng sau: Nguyen to O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl m in 3,5 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,5 3,0 a. Nu bn cht lin kt ho hc trong oxit ca mi nguyn t mc oxi ho cao nht. b. Phn loi cc oxit trn. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng nu r tnh cht ho hc ca mi loi oxit. 3. Trnh by c gii thch nhng yu t quan trong nht lm tng tc giai on oxi ho SO2 thnh SO3 trong qu trnh sn xut H2SO4. Cau 4:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1. Khuy a gam mt cht trong b cm3 cht lng c khi l-ng ring D1 to thnh mt dung dch c khi l-ng ring D2. a. Thit lp cng thc dng tnh nng % theo khi l-ng v nng mol/lit ca dung dch trn. b. Nu nhng iu kin c th p dng -c cng thc thit lp ra. Cau 5: Bi ton Hn hp A gm hai oxit st. Dn t t kh hidr i qua m gam A ng trong ng s nung nng n nhit thch hp. Sn phm to nn l 2,07 gam n-c v 8,48 gam hn hp B gm hai cht rn. Ho tan B trong 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M thu -c mt dung dch D v 1971,2 ml H2 kc 27,30C v 1atm. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d- s -c kt ta E. Cho E tip xc vi khng kh chuyn E hon ton thnh cht rn F. Khi l-ng ca E v F khc nhau 1,36 gam. 1. Tnh m. 2. Tm nng ca hp cht v ion trong dung dch D, cho rng th tch dung dch D thay i khng ng k so vi th tch dung dch H2SO4 dng. 3. Thnh lp cng thc v tnh thnh phn % theo khi l-ng ca mi cht trong A.
-----o
o-----
Cho H = 1, O = 16, Fe = 56 Hc sinh -c s dng bng HTTH cc nguyn t ho hc.
B Gio Dc V o To
Thi Quc Gia Chn HS Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 2/3/1995 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao ) Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton. B 2, trong Cu II: 2, trong Cu III: 4, trong Bi ton. - - - - - o0o - - - - -
Bng A: Bng B: A. Cu hi l thuyt.
Cu I: 1. Trong phng th nghim c dd NaOH (dung mi l n-c). a/ Hy trnh by nguyn tc xc nh nng mol/lit ca dd NaOH cho. b/ Hy t cho cc s liu c th v tnh nng mol/lit ca dd NaOH . 2. C 3 l -c nh s, mi l c cha mt trong cc dd sau: natri sunfat, canxi axetat, nhm sunfat, natri hiroxit, bari clorua. Cht no -c cha trong l s my, nu: o Rt dd t l 4 vo l 3, c kt ta trng. o Rt dd t l 2 vo l 1, c kt ta keo, tip tc rt thm kt ta b tan. o Rt dd t l 4 vo l 5, ban u ch-a c kt ta, rt thm th c l-ng nh kt ta xut hin. Trong mi tr-ng hp gii thch u c vit ph-ng trnh phn ng. 3. Hy ngh cch tch ly tng mui trong hn hp rn gm : clorua ca amoni, bari, magie (c vit y ph-ng trnh phn ng). Cu II:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1. Thc nghim cho bit: sau 0,75 giy th 30ml KOH 1M trung ho va ht 30ml H2SO4 0,5M . Hy xc nh tc ca phn ng theo l-ng KOH: theo l-ng H2SO4. Kt qu thu -c mi tr-ng hp c hp l khng? Ti sao? 2. Hy -a ra cc biu thc cn thit chng minh vai tr ca h s cc cht trong ph-ng trnh phn ng khi xc nh tc phn ng. (dng ph-ng trnh aA + bB p d D + eE vi gi thit ph-ng trnh n gin dng trong tr-ng hp ny). Cu III: 1. Cn 2 lt dd CuSO4 0,01M c pH = 2.00 m in: a. Ti sao dd cn pH thp nhvy. b. Trong phng th nghim c mui CuSO4.5H2O, n-c nguyn cht, H2SO4 98% (D = 1,84 g/ml). Hy trnh by cch chun b dung dch trn (b qua cht ph). 2. C vt cn m, bn ng, dd va -c chun b trn v ngun in thch hp: a. Hy trnh by s ca h thng thc hin s m in ny (c v hnh). Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trn in cc. b. Tnh thi gian thc hin s m in nu bit: I = 0,5 Ampe; lp m c in tch 10 cm2, b dy 0,17 mm; khi l-ng ring ca ng l 8,89 g/cm3; hiu sut s in phn ny t 80%. Cu IV: Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra mi tr-ng hp sau y: 1. iu ch H2SO4 theo ph-ng php nitro : oxi ho SO2 bng NO2 trong dd n-c (c thng bng electron). 2. iu ch mt cht trong thnh phn ca nhin liu tn la bng cch cho kh F2 i chm qua mui rn KNO3 hoc KClO4 (trong mi tr-ng hp u to ra 2 sn phm, trong lun c KF). 3. FeS hoc FeCO3 b oxi ho bng oxi trong khng kh m to thnh Fe(OH)3 (c thng bng electron). 4. Fe2O3, Fe2S3, Fe(OH)3 b ho tan trong dd axit mnh (d-) u to ra ion [Fe(H2O)6]3+
B. Bi ton:
Hn hp A gm bt Al v S. Cho 13,275 gam A tc dng vi 400 ml HCl 2M thu -c 8,316 lt kh H2 ti 27,3oC v 1 atm; trong bnh sau phn ng c dd B. Nu nung nng 6,6375 gam A trong bnh kn khng c oxi ti nhit thch hp, -c cht D. Ho tan D trong 200 ml HCl 2M -c kh E v dd F. 1. Hy tnh nng cc cht v cc ion trong dd B, dd F. 2. Tnh pH ca mi dd v nu r nguyn nhn phi to pH thp nhvy. 3. Dn kh E ( -c lm kh) qua ng s cha 31,5 gam bt CuO nung nng ti nhit thch hp (khng c oxi ca khng kh). Phn ng xong ta thu -c nhng cht no? Tnh l-ng mi cht . (Bit trong sn phm : cht rn l nguyn cht, tnh theo gam ; cht kh hay hi o ti 100oC, 1atm; khi tnh s mol -c ly ti ch s th 5 sau du phy). 4. Rt t t (c khuy u) cho n ht 198 ml NaOH 10% (D = 1,10 g/ml) vo dd F: a. Hy nu v gii thch hin t-ng xy ra. b. Tnh l-ng kt ta thu -c (nhiu nht; t nht).
-----o
o-----
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cho Cu = 64; S = 32; Al = 27; O = 16; H = 1.

Ghi ch: Th sinh -c dng loi my tnh c nhn b ti, bng s logarit
B Gio Dc V o To THPT
Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 3/3/1995 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao
) Bng A: Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton Bng B: B 2. trong Cu IV: 2. trong Bi ton
A. Cu hi l thuyt:
Cu I: 1. Hy sp xp cc hp cht trong dy sau y theo th t tng dn mc linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm chc (c v d v phn ng km theo): axit axetic, r-u etylic, phenol, n-c. 2. m in ca C trong C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 t-ng ng bng 2,48; 2,75; 3,29. Hy sp xp ba cht trn theo th t gim dn phn cc ca lin kt C-H; ly v d phn ng ho hc minh ho v dng cc s liu trn gii thch s sp xp . Cu II: 1. Hy gi tn (CH3)2CH-CH =CH-C(CH3)3
(CH3)2CH CH CH CH2 C(CH3)3
Nhng hirocacbon ny c ng phn cis-trans hay khng? Vit cng thc cc ng phn (nu c). iu kin v cu to cho mt hp cht hu c c ng phn cis-trans l g? 2. Axit elaiic l ng phn ca axit oleic. Khi oxi ho mnh axit elaiic bng KMnO4 trong H2SO4 ct nhm - CH = CH - thnh hai nhm - COOH, thu -c hai axit cacboxylic c mch khng phn nhnh l C9H18O2 (A) v C9H16O4 (B) Vit cng thc cu to ca A v B, t suy ra cng thc cu to ca axit elaiic. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng oxi ho trn. Axit elaiic v axit oleic l nhng cht ng phn loi g? Cu III: 1. Polime cao su thin nhin v polime ly t nha cy gut-ta-pec-cha u c cng thc (C5H8)n: loi th nht c cu trc cis, loi th hai c cu trc trans. Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch polime cho mi loi. 2. Cho HCl tc dng vi cao su thin nhin sinh ra cao su hiroclo cha 20,6% Cl trong phn t. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng v cho bit trong phn t cao su hirocio c cn cu trc cis hay khng? Gii thch. Cu IV:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
T mt loi thc vt ng-i ta tch -c cht A (C10H12O2). A phn ng vi dd NaOH to thnh cht B (C10H11O2Na). B phn ng vi CH3I cho cht C (C10H11O(OCH3)) v NaI. Hi ca C phn ng vi H2 nh cht xc tc Ni cho cht D (C10H13O(OCH3)). D phn ng vi dd KMnO4 trong H2SO4 to thnh axit 3,4-imetoxibenzoic c cng thc 3,4-(CH3O)2C6H2COOH v axit axetic. 1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C: bit rng A, B, C khng c ng phn cis-trans, cc cng thc trong ngoc n trn v cng thc phn t. 2. Vit ph-ng trnh cc phn ng xy ra.
B.Bi ton:
Hai hp cht hu c A, B c cng cng thc phn t v u cha C, H, Br, khi un nng vi dd NaOH long cht A to ra cht C c cha mt nhm chc. Cht B khng tc dng vi dd NaOH nhiu kin trn. 5,4 gam cht C phn ng hon ton vi Na cho 0,616 lt H2 27,3oC v 1atm. t chy hon ton 1,35 gam cht C thu -c 3,85 gam CO2. Khi cho A hoc B phn ng vi Br2 (c mt bt Fe) u thy khi HBr thot ra: sau phn ng A to ra 3 cht D, E, F cn B to ra 2 cht G, H. 1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C v cc cng thc cu to c th c ca D, E, F, G, H. Bit rng phn t ca D, E, F, G, H u cha 64% Br. 2. Cho hn hp gm 171gam cht A v 78 gam benzen phn ng vi Br2 c mt bt Fe. Sau phn ng thu -c 125,6 gam brm benzen, 90 gam cht D, 40 gam cht E v 30 gam cht F. Hy cho bit cht A phn ng vi Br2 kh (hoc d) hn benzen bao nhiu ln?
-----o
B Gio Dc V o To
o-----
Cho Br = 80; O = 16; H = 1.
Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 2/3/1996 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Cu I: 1. a) Hy ch ra im sai mi cu hnh e- sau: (1) 1s22s12p5 (2) 1s22s22p53s23p64s23d6 (3) 1s22s22p64p64s2 b) Vit li cho ng mi cu hnh trn. Mi cu hnh ng l cu hnh ca ht no? Hy vit mt ph-ng trnh phn ng chng minh tnh cht ho hc in hnh ( nu c ) ca ht ? 2. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z trong cng mt chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39. S hiu ca nguyn t Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu ca nguyn t X v Z. Nguyn t ca 3 nguyn t ny hu nh- khng phn ng vi H2O iu kin th-ng. a) Hy xc nh v tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t v gi tn tng nguyn t. b) So snh m in, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t . c) So snh tnh baz ca cc hiroxit. d) Tm cch tch tng oxit ra khi hn hp oxit ca 3 nguyn t . Cu II: 1.Khi ho tan SO2 vo H2O, c cc cn bng sau: SO2 + H2O H2SO3 (1) + (2) H2SO3 H + HSO3
*********************************************************************************************************************************
(3) H+ + SO32HSO3Nng ca SO2 cn bng thay i ra sao (c gii thch) mi tr-ng hp sau: a/ un nng dd. b/ Thm HCl c/ Thm NaOH d/ Thm KMnO4 2. xc nh nhit sinh ca NO bng ph-ng php nhit l-ng k, ng-i ta lm hai th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: t pht pho trong lung kh NO, sau 12thu -c 1,508 gam H3PO4. Th nghim 2: t pht pho trong hn hp ng th tch N2, O2. Sau 10 thu -c 2,123 gam H3PO4 a) Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra (trong bnh nhit l-ng k c H2O) b) Tnh tc trung bnh ca qu trnh to ra H3PO4 mi th nghim trn. Ti sao c s khc nhau v tr s ? 3. Bng cch no loi b mi kh trong hn hp kh sau: a) SO2 trong hn hp SO2 v CO2 b) SO3 trong hn hp SO3 v SO2 c) CO2 trong hn hp H2 v CO2 d) HCl trong hn hp HCl v CO2 Cu III: 1.T thc nghim ng-i ta xc nh -c: khi phn ng NH3(kh) + H2S(kh) (1) NH4HS (rn) t ti cn bng th tch s PNH3. PH2S = 0,109 (tr s ny l hng s nhit 25oC) a) Hy xc nh p sut chung ca kh tc dng ln h (1) nu ban u bnh chn khng v ch -a vo NH4HS rn. b) Nu ban u -a vo bnh (chn khng) mt l-ng NH4HS rn v kh NH3, khi t ti cn bng ho hc th c PNH3 = 0,0549 atm. Hy tnh p sut kh NH3 trong bnh tr-c khi phn ng (1) xy ra ti 25oC 2.Mt trong nhng ph-ng php iu ch Al2O3 trong cng nghip tri qua mt s giai on chnh sau y: - Nung Nefelin (NaKAl2Si2O8) vi CaCO3 trong l 1200oC - Ngm n-c sn phm to thnh -c dd mui aluminat. Na[Al(OH)4(H2O)2]; K[Al(OH)4(H2O)2] v bn qung CaSiO3 - Chit ly dd, sc CO2 d- qua dd . - Nung kt ta Al(OH)3 -c Al2O3. Hy vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. Cu IV: 1. Phn ng no xy ra khi lm bo ho dd Na2CO3 (b qua s thu phn) bng: a/ Kh Cl2 b/ Kh NO2 2. C cc cp: Cr2O72-/2Cr3+; Fe3+/Fe2+; Cl2/2Cl-; MnO4-/Mn2+ Hy hon thnh ph-ng trnh phn ng sau (nu c) a) K2Cr2O7 + HCl p ? b) Cl2 + FeCl2 p ? c) FeCl3 + HCl p ? d) Cl2 + MnSO4 p ? e) KMnO4 + FeCl3 p ? f) KMnO4 + HCl p ?
*********************************************************************************************************************************
(Bit tnh oxi ho gim dn theo th t: MnO4- > Cr2O72- } Cl2 > Fe3+) 3. C cc ion sau: Ba2+; Ag+; H+(H3O+); Cl-; NO3-; SO42-. a) Hy cho bit cng thc cht tan hoc cht t tan to thnh. b) Trong 5 dd, mi dd ch cha mt trong cc cht phn (a). Nu khng dng thm cht khc, bng cch no c th nhn ra cht trong mi dd (c gii thch). B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 3/3/1996 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Cu I: Khi clo ho C5H12 100oC c chiu sng thu -c cc sn phm vi t l % nhsau: 2-Clo2Metyl-Butan: 28,4% 1-Clo-2Metyl-Butan: 24,4% 3-Clo-2Metyl-Butan: 35,0% 4-Clo-2Metyl-Butan: 12,2% 1. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng (dng cng thc cu to) v c ch phn ng. 2. Nu thay Clo bng Brom th cc t l % trn bin i th no? Gii thch. 3. Hy d on t l % sn phm monoclo ho Propan v IsoButan. Cu II: 1. C cc hp cht sau: C2H5OH; n-C10H21OH; C6H5OH; C6H5CH2OH; C6H5NH2; HOCH2CHOHCH2OH; CH3COOH; n-C6H14; C5H6 v C6H12O6 (glucoz) a) Cho bit nhng cht tan tt, nhng cht tan km trong n-c? Gii thch. b) Hy vit cng thc cc dng lin kt hiro gia cc phn t C6H5OH v C2H5OH. Dng no bn nht, dng no km bn nht? Gii thch. 2. a) Khi nhn Etan theo trc dc lin kt C-C ta thy rng cc nguyn t H ni vi 2 nguyn t C khng che khut nhau tng cp mt m xen k nhau. M t hin t-ng ny bng cng thc v gii thch. b) Nu nhn phn t n-Butan theo dc trc lin kt C2-C3 ta s thy c bao nhiu dng xen k nhvy? Dng no chim -u th hn? V sao? Cu III: c im ca phn ng este ho l thun nghch? 1. Nu cc bin php phn ng nhanh t ti trng thi cn bng. Nu cc bin php chuyn dch cn bng ho hc v pha to thnh este. 2. Thit lp biu thc tnh hng s cn bng K, gi s cho a mol axit axetic phn ng vi b mol r-u etylic v sau khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng thu -c c mol este. - Tnh gi tr ca K khi a =b =1mol v c = 0,655 mol - Nu a = 1mol v b tng gp 5 ln th l-ng este tng gp bao nhiu ln? Cu IV: 1. Hp cht A (C18H18O2Br2) phn ng -c vi dd NaOH nng. Cho hn hp sau phn ng tc dng vi dd axit v c long, thu -c B (C9H9O2Br) v C (C9H11OBr). Oxi ho B hoc C u thu -c axit para-brom-benzoic. Oxi ho trong iu kin thch hp C chuyn thnh B. T B thc hin chuyn ho theo s sau: Cl2 ,as H 2SO 4 ,170o C ddHCl ddNaOH,t o B D E G H p p p p (D cha 1 nguyn t Clo trong phn t, H c ng phn Cis-trans. Cc sn phm D, E, G, H u l sn phm chnh) a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, D, E, G, H v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b) So snh nhit nng chy ca B v C. Gii thch. 2. Heliotropin C8H6O3 (cht nh h-ng trong cng nghip h-ng liu) -c iu ch t cht safrol C10H10O2 (trong tinh du x x) bng cch ng phn ho safrol thnh Isosafrol C10H10O2, sau oxi ho isosafrol nh cht oxi ho thch hp. Vit cng thc cu to ca Heliotropin, safrol v isosafrol. Bit rng heliotropin phn ng -c vi AgNO3 trong dd NH3 cho mui ca axit 3,4metylen dioxiBenzoic v isosafrol c ng phn cis-trans COOH 3. Cc cht Freon gy ra hin t-ng l thng zon. C ch phn hu zon bi Freon (th d CF2Cl2) vit nhsau: hR p CF Cl Cly + CF Cly (a)
2 2 2
(b) p O3 + Cly O2 + ClO O CH2 y O + ClO O2 + Cl (c) p a) Gii thch v sao 1 phn t CF2Cl2 c th phn hu hng chc ngn phn t Ozon? b) Trong kh quyn c 1 l-ng nh kh Metan. Hin t-ng g xy ra ng thi vi hin t-ng l thng ozon? Gii thch. Cu V: Tng th tch ( 0oC) ca Hirocacbon A (kh) v th tch va O2 t chy hon ton A bng 1/2 th tch ca cc sn phm chy 195oC. Sau khi lm lnh n 0oC th tch ca cc sn phm chy cn bng 1/2 th tch ban u ca hn hp A v O2. Cc th tch u o cng p sut. 1. Vit cng thc cu to A. 2. Thc hin phn ng tch Hiro t A thu -c hn hp sn phm B. t chy hon ton 4,032 lt B (ktc) thu -c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc). Dn 0,252 lt B (ktc) qua dd Br2 lm cho khi l-ng dd nng thm 0,21 gam. Tnh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp B. Gi s ch xy ra s tch Hiro. B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 14/3/1997 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao ) Bng A: Lm tt c cc cu Bng B: Khng lm phn V Cu I: 1. Hy xp cc cng thc sau y theo th t tng dn s oxi ho ca N: N2, NO, NH3, N2O, NH2OH, HNO3, N2H4, NO2, HNO2. Hy ch r nguyn nhn v cu to nguyn t N c s cc oxi ho . 2. Cho cc cht sau: a) Na2CO3; b) KNO3; c) (NH4)2SO4; d) BaCl2; e) KHSO4 Gii thch tnh cht axit-baz ca cc dd n-c ca cc cht trn. Cho bit gi tr -c l-ng pH ca cc dd (pH > 7; < 7 hoc } 7 ?). 3. tng trn ca kh quyn c lp ozon lm l chn bo v tri t khi tc hi ca tia cc tm do mt tri ri xung nh duy tr cn bng ho hc. hv O2 + O O3 Gn y cn bng ny b ph v, l mt trong nhng hm ho v mi tr-ng trn tri t. Mt trong cc nguyn nhn l con ng-i thi vo kh quyn mt l-ng ng k NO v Cl (Cl do clo-flo cacbon t cc my lnh thot vo khng kh to ra hv CF2Cl2 p CF2Cl + Cl ); Cc kh ny lm xc tc cho qu trnh bin i O3 thnh O2.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Hy vit pt p (ring r v tng cng) chng minh vai tr xc tc ca Cl v NO. Cu II: KMnO4 l thuc th -c dng xc nh nng cc mui st (II). Phn ng gia KMnO4 v FeSO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 din ra theo s : KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O (1) p 1. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng (1) d-i dng ph-ng trnh ion (k hiu ph-ng trnh ion l (2)). 2. Gi thit phn ng l thun nghch, hy thit lp biu thc hng s cn bng ca phn ng da vo (2) theo nng cn bng ca cc cht. 3. Gi tr logarit hng s cn bng ca phn ng oxi ho-kh 25oC d-c tnh theo biu thc: lgK = n(E0 0.059 ((E0 l hiu th in cc tiu chun ca cc cp cht phn ng, n l s electron tham gia vo qu trnh oxi ho hoc kh trong phn ng). Hy tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng theo (2). 0 Cho E0 - /Mn 2+ = 1,51V; Eo 3+ /Fe2+ = 0,77V; ECl /2Cl- = 1,36V MnO Fe
4 2
4. Trong mt hn hp gm c KMnO4 0,010M; H2SO4 0,500M; FO4 0,020M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,005M. Hy tnh nng cc ion khi phn ng kt thc. 5. Mi yu t sau y nh h-ng nh- th no n (2): a) Tng pH ca dung dch; b) Thay H2SO4 bng HCl c) Thm l-ng nh KSCN vo dung dch. Cu III: 1. Hon thnh cc ph-ng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau: a) ? 82Pb206 + 2He4 p 17 b) 8O17 + ? p 9F 239 c) ? + 2He4 p 94Pu 1 d) + ? 2He4 p 1H 2 e) ? + 1D 2 2He4 p i vi mi nh lut bo ton d-c p dng lp ph-ng trnh trn, hy phn tch mt v d minh ho. 2.a) Uran trong thin nhin cha 99,28% U238 (c thi gian bn hu l 4,5.109nm) v 0,72% U235 (c thi gian bn hu l 7,1.108nm). Tnh tc phn r mi ng v trn trong 10gam U3O5 mi iu ch. b) Mari v Pie Curi diu ch Ra226 t qung Uran trong thin nhin. Ra226 d-c to ra t ng v no trong hai ng v trn? Cu IV: 1. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra khi dn l-ng d- kh H2S sc qua dung dch (c pH } 0,5) cha cc ion Ag+, Ba2+, Cr2O72-, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+. 2. C dd mui nitrat ca Mg2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ag+, Hg22+ (k hiu l dd 1). Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trong mi tr-ng hp sau y: a) Thm dd NaCl vo dd 1 ti khi kt ta -c hon ton. Lc ly kt ta (k hiu a), dd cn li (k hiu l dd2). b) Ra kt ta a bng n-c ri cho tc dng tip vi dd NH3 6M. c) un cch thu ti nng dd 2, thm vo NH4Cl rn, ri thm tip NH3 6M ti pH } 9,0. d) Cho kt ta thu d-c c) tc dng vi NaOH 2M c mt t dd H2O2. Cu V:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2NH3(kh) (I) Xt phn ng N2(kh) + 3H2(kh) 1) Ti iu kin tiu chun i vi cc cht, T = 298K, c: (So = -197,9J.K-1; (Ho = -91,8kJ. Tnh (Go v kt lun v kh nng xy ra phn ng (I). 2) Cng ti 298K, c PN2 = PH2 = 10,0atm; PNH3 = 1,0atm. a) Tnh (G = (Go + 2,303RTlg Kdp vi Kdp = P2NH3/P3H2PN2 v R = 8,31 J.K-1. b) Da vo cc s liu tnh -c trn, gii thch mc xy ra phn ng (I) hai tr-ng hp 1) v 2). Kt qu c ph hp vi nguyn l L Satli hay khng? Ti sao? B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 15/3/1997 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao ) Bng A: Lm tt c cc cu Bng B: Khng lm cu VI
Cu I: 1. Hy cho bit kiu lai ho ca cc nguyn t v loi lin kt (W, T) trong cc hp cht sau: Cl-CH2-CH =O; CH2=CH - C|N; CH2 = C = O 2. Hy sp xp cc hp cht cho d-i y theo th t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 (A); CH3-CH2-CH2OH (B); CH3-CH2-CH2NH2 (C); (CH3)3CH (D); (CH3)3N (E). 3. C th thc hin -c cc phn ng sau hay khng, v sao? C2H5ONa + CH3COOH p C2H5OH + CH3COONa (1) NaNH2 + CH4 p CH3Na + NH3 (2) Cu II: 1. Hp cht X cha 60% C, 4,44%H v 35,56%O trong phn t, dd n-c ca X lm hng qu tm. Thu phn X thu -c axit axetic v axit o-hiroxibenzoic. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, bit MX = 180vC. b) Tnh th tch va dd NaOH 0,5M phn ng hon ton vi 5,4g X. 2. Mannoz (monosaccarit) HOCH2-(CHOH)4-CH=O l ng phn ca glucoz. dng vng 6 cnh mannoz ch khc glucoz ch nhm OH nguyn t C2 nm cng pha vi OH nguyn t C3. Oxi ho mannoz bng dd HNO3 100oC thu -c sn phm Y cha 41,38%C; 3,45%H v 55,17%O. Y b thu phn c trong mi tr-ng axit cng nh- baz to ra axit polihiroxiicacboxylic hoc mui t-ng ng. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca Y, bit MY = 174 vC. Cu III: T mt loi tinh du ng-i ta tch -c cht A cha 76,92%C; 12,82%H v 10,26%O trong phn t, MA = 156 vC. A cn -c iu ch bng cch hiro ho xc tc cht 2-isopropyl-5-metylphenol (B). 1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. 2. Vit cng thc cc ng phn cis-trans ca A. 3. un nng A vi H2SO4 c thu -c hai cht c cng cng thc phn t C10H18. Vit cng thc cu to ca hai cht v vit c ch phn ng. 4. So snh tnh cht axit ca A vi B. Cu IV: Thu phn hon ton 1 mol polipeptit X cho ta:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2 mol CH3- CH(NH2) - COOH (Alanin hay vit tt l Ala) 1 mol HOOC - CH2 - CH2 - CH(NH2) - COOH (axit glutamic hay Glu) 1 mol H2N -(CH2)4 - CH(NH2) - COOH (Lizin hay Lys) 1 mol
N N H CH2 CH NH2 COOH Histidin hay His
Nu cho X tc dng vi 2,4-(NO2)2C6H3F (k hiu ArF) ri mi thu phn th thu -c Ala, Glu, Lys v hp cht
N CH2 CH COOH Ar N H NH
Mt khc nu thu phn X nh enzim cacboxipeptiaza th thu -c Lys v mt tetrapeptit. Ngoi ra khi thu phn khng hon ton X cho ta cc ipeptit Ala-Glu, Ala-Ala v His-Ala. 1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn ca polipeptit X. 2. Sp xp cc aminoaxit trn theo th t tng dn pH1 (pH1 -c gi l im ng in, ti pH aminoaxit tn ti dng ion l-ng cc trung ho v in tch v khng di chuyn v mt in cc no c), bit cc gi tr pH1 l 3,22; 6,00; 7,59 v 9,74. 3. Vit cng thc cu to dng ch yu ca mi aminoaxit trn cc pH bng 1 v 13. 4. D-i tc dng ca enzim thch hp aminoaxit c th b ecacboxyl ho (tch nhm cacboxyl). Vit cng thc cu to ca cc sn phm ecacboxyl ho Ala v His. So snh tnh baz ca cc nguyn t nit trong phn t gia hai sn phm . Gii thch. Cu V: T dn xut halogen c th iu ch axit cacboxylic theo s sau: CO Mg HX 2 p p RX RMgX RCOOMgX p RCOOH -MgX ete khan ete khan 2 T CH4 v cc cht v c cn thit hy vit ph-ng trnh cc phn ng iu ch: 1. Axit metylmaloic CH3CH(COOH)2 2. Axit E-vinylacrilic. Cu VI: C ph-ng trnh phn ng sau:
OH H2SO4 85 % , 10 C
0
+ H 2O (B) h = 55%
(A)
1.Vit c ch phn ng. 2.Thay A bng C6H5-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-C(CH3)2OH (A1), C6H5-CH2-CH2-C(CH3)2OH (A2) v tin hnh phn ng trong iu kin t-ng t nh- trn thu -c sn phm hu c t-ng ng B1 (hiu sut 86%), B2 (hiu sut 65%). a) Vit cng thc cu to ca B1, B2. b) Ti sao hiu sut phn ng to ra B1, B2 cao hn to ra B? B Gio Dc V o To Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 13/3/1998
*********************************************************************************************************************************
(180 pht, khng k thi gian giao ) Bng A: Lm tt c cc bi Bng B: Khng lm nhng cu c du * Bi I: 1. Trong thin nhin Brom c ch yu n-c bin d-i dng NaBr. Cng nghip ho hc iu ch Brom t n-c bin theo qui trnh nhsau: Cho mt l-ng dd H2SO4 vo mt l-ng n-c bin; tip n sc kh Clo vo dd mi thu -c; sau dng khng kh li cun hi Brom vo dd Na2CO3 ti bo ho Brom. Cui cng cho H2SO4 vo dd bo ho Brom, thu hi Brom ri ho lng. Hy vit ph-ng trnh cc phn ng ho hc ch yu xy ra trong qu trnh v cho bit vai tr ca H2SO4. 2. Brom lng hay hi u rt c. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng ho hc xy ra khi dng mt ho cht thng th-ng d kim hu ht l-ng Brom lng chng may b lm , bo v mi tr-ng. Bi II: Dng 94,96ml H2SO4 5% (D = 1,035g/ml) va tc dng ht vi 2,80 g cht X, thu -c mui Y v cht Z. 1. X, Y, Z c th l nhng cht no? Hy gii thch c th v vit ph-ng trnh phn ng ho hc minh ho. 2. Nu sau qu trnh trn thu -c 7,60 g mui Y th s -c bao nhiu cht Z? Bit rng X c th l mt trong cc cht: CaO, MgO, NaOH, KOH, Zn, Fe. Bi III: 1.Tm ph-ng trnh cho mi phn ng ho hc sau y: a) K2Cr2O7 + ? + H2O p Cr(OH)3 + S + NH3 + KOH b) K2Cr2O7 + Na2SO3 + H2SO4 p ? + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + H2O c) K2Cr2O7 + (NH4)2S + ? + H2O p K3[Cr(OH)6] + S + ? 2. Hy cho bit cht oxi ho trong mi phn ng trn. Da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, hy gii thch tnh cht oxi ho ca cht . 3*). Hy cho bit vai tr ca pH i vi cc phn ng ho hc trn trong s to thnh cc sn phm cha crom. Bi IV: C s liu: in cc Th in cc tiu chun (V) 25oC + H/H -2,106. 2+ Fe / Fe -0.440. Fe / Fe3+ -0.036. + H2 / 2H 0,000. 1. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng gia Fe vi axit HCl v dng s liu trn gii thch kt qu ca phn ng . 2. Thc t dng tc nhn no trong s cc tc nhn: Fe, H, H2, kh nitrobenzen thnh anilin? Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng v dng s liu trn gii thch. 3*). Hy ngh s trong c ch r lin h gia cc cht bng mi tn (p) da vo v dng s liu trn tnh -c th in cc tiu chun ca qu trnh Fe3+ p Fe2+; k hiu tr s l x. Hy t x vo v tr thch hp trong dy s liu m u bi -a ra. Bi V: 1. Hy so snh tan ca SO2 trong dd n-c c cng nng ca cc cht sau: a) NaCl; b) HCl; c) NH4Cl; d) Na2S. 2*). Dn t t SO2 qua mt lt dd Ca(OH)2 (dd A). Sau phn ng thu -c dd c pH = 12,0 v kt ta CaSO3. Lc ly kt ta ri lm kh cn nng 1,200 gam.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
a) Hy tnh th tch SO2 27,3oC, 1atm tan -c vo dd A. b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca Ca(OH)2 trong dd A. 3. Cho NaOH d- vo dd X cha cc ion H+, Cr2O72-, Pb2+, Ba2+, NH4+. un nng dd ta s -c kh mi khai bay ra v c kt ta vng. Lc kt ta, ri cho tc dng vi dd HCl. Khi y ta -c dd mu da cam v mt kt ta mu trng. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng gii thch cc hin t-ng.
B Gio Dc V o To
Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc Lp 12 Ngy thi: 14/3/1998 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao ) Bng A: lm tt c cc bi Bng B: khng lm nhng cu c du*
Bi I: 1. Cho 4 dn xut clo ca hirocacbon, chng u c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl. a) Vit cng thc cu to thu gn v gi tn 4 cht theo danh php thng dng v IUPAC. Sp xp chng theo trnh t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch. b*) Cho dn xut clo mch khng nhnh trn tc dng vi clo (chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1. Trnh by c ch ca phn ng. Cho bit sn phm no chim t l cao nht; gii thch. 2. Vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn ca: a) C3H5Cl b) ClCH =(C=)nCHCl, vi n = 1, 2, 3. Bi II: 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng to thnh sn phm chnh khi cho 1mol hirocacbon A tc dng vi cc cht sau: a) 1mol HNO3(c H2SO4c); b) 1mol Br2(c chiu sng); c) KMnO4c,d-(un nng). d*) Trnh by giai on quyt nh tc chung ca mi phn ng a)v b). 2*. Iotbenzen -c iu ch vi hiu sut cao theo s phn ng sau: 300 C p C H + I + HNO NO + NO + AgI
6 6 2 3 2
Cho bit vai tr ca HNO3? Nu tn c ch phn ng. Bi III: 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc tr-ng hp sau(A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, L vit dng cng thc cu trc ): H2, Ni, t C a) C 6H5 C C COOCH3 B o dd KMnO d- ,t dd HClp 4 b. b) p-CH3C6H4CH3 C p H2, Pd, PbCO3 HOCH -CH OH, to 2 2 D p
0
*********************************************************************************************************************************
dd KMnO d- ,to C H5OH(d- ) dd HClp 4 2 p c) o-CH3C6H4CH3 G H I p H SO c, to 2 4 H SO c, 1400C dd NaOH, to p K 2 4 p d) o-BrCH2C6H4CH2Br L
Cho bit ng dng ca E v I. 2. Hy phn bit 4 aminoaxit sau (c gii thch), bit rng phng th nghim c cc loi giy qu, dd NaNO2+ dd HCl, ddNaOH, C2H5OH v cc dng c cn thit. a) CH3-CH-COOH (Ala) b) H2N-(CH2)4-CH-COOH (Lys) NH2 NH2 c) HOOC-(CH2)2-CH-COOH (Glu)
d. N H COOH (Pro)
Bi IV: 1. Trong thuc l c cht anabazin v mt ng phn cu to ca n l nicotin (rt c). Ngoi ra ng-i ta cn tng hp -c cht nicotirin c cu to t-ng t nicotin:
CH3 N N N Nicotin CH3 N Anabazin N H Nicotirin
a) Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho mi hp cht trn tc dng vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1. Sp xp chng theo trnh t tng dn kh nng phn ng . Gii thch. b) Trong s 3 hp cht trn, cht no c nhit si cao nht? Gii thch. 2. Oxi ho nicotin bng K2Cr2O7 trong dd H2SO4 thu -c axit nicotinic dng iu ch cc amit ca n l vitamin PP v coiamin (thuc cha bnh tim):
CONH2 N Nicotiamit Vitamin PP C N(C2H5)2 O Codiamin
Vit cng thc cu to ca axit nicotinic v so snh nhit nng chy ca n vi axit benzoic. Gii thch. b*) Cho bit trng thi lai ho ca cc nguyn t nit trong phn t vitamin PP. So snh tnh baz ca cc nguyn t nit : gii thch. c) Vitamin PP nng chy nhit cao hn coiamin, mc d c phn t khi nh hn. Ti sao?
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Bi V: 1*) A l mt isaccarit kh -c AgNO3 trong dd NH3, gm hai ng phn c kh nng lm quay mt phng nh sng phn cc trong nhng iu kin thng nht biu th bng [E]25D l +92,6o v +34o. Dung dch ca mi ng phn ny t bin i v [E]25D cho ti khi cng t gi tr n nh l + 52o. Thu phn A (nh cht xc tc axit) sinh ra B v C:
CHO H HO H H OH H OH OH CH2OH (B) H HO HO H
CHO OH H H OH CH2OH (C)
Cho A tc dng vi mt l-ng d- CH3I trong mi tr-ng baz thu -c sn phm D khng c tnh kh. un nng D vi dd axit long thu -c dn xut 2,3,6-tri-O-metyl ca B v dn xut 2,3,4,6-tetra-Ometyl ca C. a) Vit cng thc cu trc (dng vng 6 cnh phng) ca B, C, A, D; bit rng trong phn t A c lin kt F - 1,4 - glicozit. Gii thch v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng. b) V sao dd mi ng phn ca A t bin i v [E]25D v cui cng u t gi tr 52o? Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc cht trong dd gi tr [E]25D = 525 v vit cng thc cu trc ca cc cht thnh phn . 2. Metyl ho hon ton cc nhm OH ca 3,24 gam amilopectin bng cch cho tc dng vi CH3I trong mi tr-ng baz, ri em thu phn hon ton (xc tc axit) th thu -c 1,66.10-3 mol 2,3,4,6 - tetra - O - metylglucoz v 1,66.10-3 mol 2,3 - i - O - metylglucoz; cn li l 2,3,6 - tri O - metylglucoz. a)Vit cng thc cu trc (dng vng 6 cnh phng) ca 3 sn phm trn v cho bit xut x ca chng. b) Cho bit t l phn trm cc gc glucoz nhng ch c nhnh ca phn t amilopectin. c) Tnh s mol 2,3,6 - tri - O - metylglucoz sinh ra trong phng th nghim trn.
B Gio Dc V o To thi chnh thc
Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc - Bng A Ngy thi: 12/3/1999 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Cu 1: Dung dch A gm cc cht tan FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl v CuCl2 (nng mi cht xp x 0,1M). 1. Dung dch A c phn ng axit, baz, trung tnh ? Ti sao ? 2. Cho H2S li chm qua dung dch A cho n bo ho th thu -c kt ta v dung dch B. Hy cho bit thnh phn cc cht trong kt ta v trong dung dch B.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
3. Thm dn NH3 vo dung dch B cho n d-. C hin t-ng g xy ra ? Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng ion gii thch. Cu 2: 1. Phtgen -c dng lm cht clo ho rt tt cho phn ng tng hp hu c, -c iu ch theo ph-ng trnh: CO(k) + Cl2(k) COCl2(k) ; Ho = -111,3 kJ.mol-1 Magi -c iu ch theo ph-ng trnh: Mg(r) + CO(k) ; Ho = 491,0 kJ.mol-1 MgO(r) + C(r) Cn tc ng nh- th no vo nhit v p sut ring phn ca kh mi phn ng trn thu -c nhiu sn phm hn? Ti sao phi tc ng nhvy ? 2.Thc nghim cho bit ti 25oC tc tiu th kh NO trong phn ng iu ch nitrozoni clorua kh : 2NO (k) + Cl2 (k) 2NOCl (k) (1) -4 -1 -1 o bng 3,5.10 mol.l s . Hy tnh tc (ti 298 K): a) Ca phn ng (1) b) Tiu th kh Cl2 c) To thnh NOCl (k) Cu 3: ClO2 l cht ho cht -c dng ph bin trong cng nghip. Thc nghim cho bit: 1.a/ Dung dch long ClO2 trong n-c khi gp nh sng s to ra HCl, HClO3. b/ Trong dung dch kim (nh- NaOH) ClO2 nhanh chng to ra hn hp mui clorit v clorat natri. 2.c/ ClO2 -c iu ch nhanh chng bng cch cho hn hp KClO3, H2C2O4 tc dng vi H2SO4 long. d/ Trong cng nghip ClO2 -c iu ch bng cch cho NaClO3 tc dng vi SO2 c mt H2SO4 4M. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng v ni r l phn ng oxi ho- kh hay phn ng trao i ? Ti sao ? (phn tch tng phn ng a, b, c, d). Cu 4: 1. C mt th nghim sau y (lm trong t ht kh c): ly vo ng nghim 1ml axit sunfuric c, b mt mnh ng vo ng nghim v un nng nh. a) C hin t-ng g xy ra? Bng cch no nhn bit sn phm kh ca phn ng ? Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Ti sao phi un nng nh ? 2. C 3 dung dch Ba(OH)2, Pb(CH3COO)2, MgSO4 b mt nhn hiu. Hy chn 5 thuc th -c dng phn bit -c 3 dung dch trn. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng v gii thch. Cu 5: Tr s th in cc tiu chun ca mt s din cc cho trong bng sau y: in cc S th t ca in cc Th in cc chun (V) Fe2+/Fe3+ 1 0,77 34[Fe(CN)6 /[Fe(CN)6 2 0,36 NO, H2O/NO3-,H+ 3 0,96 NO2 , OH /NO3 ,H2O 4 0,10 3+ Al/Al 5 -1,66 Da vo s liu trn, hy: 1. Lp cc pin, tnh hiu th ca tng pin (ghi kt qu o -c theo th t gim dn, thnh bng nhsau).
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2. Ch r nh h-ng ca pH n mc d oxi ha ca NO3 . Th t Pin gm Hiu th ca pin (theo V) in cc in cc 3. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trn mi in cc v phn ng xy ra trong mi pin -c to ra: a) T in cc 2 vi in cc 5 b) T din cc 3 vi in cc 5 c) T in cc 3 vi in cc 4 B Gio Dc V o To thi chnh thc Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT Mn Thi: Ho Hc - Bng A Ngy thi: 13/3/1999 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Cu I: 1. Hy gi tn v sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn nhit si. Gii thch cch sp xp : (CH3)4C ; CH3(CH2)4CH3 ; (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 CH3(CH2)3CH2OH ; (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3 2. Hy cho bit cc phn ng d-i y thuc loi phn ng no (oxi ho, kh hoc phn ng khc)?
3 2 4 p a. CH3CH2OH CH3CH=O (1) (2) p (1) CrO ,piridin H CrO
CH3COOH
(2) (2) (3) (4) b. CH4 CH3OH H-COOH H-CH=O H2CO3 p p p p

4 c. CH3CH2OH TiCl p 4 LiAlH
CH3CH3 CH(OCH3)2 + H2O Br Br
d. e.
CHO
CH3OH, H+ + Br 2
f.
+ HBr
Br
Cu II: 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng to thnh A, B, C, D, M, N (vit dng cng thc cu to) theo s sau:
dd NaOH,t a) BrCH2CH2CH2CH =O p o o
3 A p B + o
CH OH, HCl khan
1) dd NaOH, t H ,t p b) BrCH2CH2CH2COOH C D 2) dd HCl p
H ,t 2 2 p p c) HOCH2(CHOH)4CH =O M N 2. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng iu ch 1,3,5-triaminobenzen t toluen v cc hp cht v c thch hp. Cu III: T mt loi thc vt ng-i ta CH=O
Br , H O
+ o
*********************************************************************************************************************************
tch -c hp cht (A) c cng H OH thc phn t C18H32O16. Thu HO H phn hon ton (A) thu -c HO H glucoz (B), fructoz (C) v H OH glucoz (D): CH2OH (D) 1. Vit cng thc cu trc dng vng phng 5 cnh v 6 cnh ca galactoz. 2. Hiro ho glucoz, fructoz v galactoz thu -c cc poliancol (r-u a chc). Vit cng thc cu trc ca cc poliancol t-ng ng vi (B), (C) v (D). 3. Thu phn khng hon ton (A) nh enzim E-galactozidaza (enzim xc tc cho phn ng thu phn cc E-galactozit) thu -c galactoz v saccaroz. Metyl ho hon ton (A) nh hn hp CH3I v Ag2O, sau thu phn sn phm metyl ho thu -c 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl galactoz (E) v 2,3,4-tri-O-metyl glucoz (G) v 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl fructoz (H). Vit cng thc cu trc ca (E), (G), (H) v (A). Cu IV: 1. a) un nng mt dn xut tetraclo ca benzen vi dd NaOH (theo t l mol 1:1) trong metanol, ri cho sn phm thu -c tc dng vi natri monocloaxetat v sau cng l axit ho th thu -c cht dit c 2,4,5-T. Vit s cc phn ng xy ra, gi tn cht u v cc sn phm, nu tn c ch cc phn ng . b) Trong qu trnh tng hp 2,4,5-T nu trn sinh ra mt sn phm ph c c tnh cc mnh v l thnh phn gy c mnh nht ca tcht c mu da cam t, l cht c tioxint: Cl O Cl Cl Cl O Hy trnh by s phn ng to thnh ioxin. 2. a)Khi ch ho hn hp cc ng phn khng gian ca 2,3-ibrom-3-metylpentan vi km thu -c cc hirocacbon khng no v km bromua. Vit cng thc cu trc v gi tn cc hirocacbon . b)S thu -c sn phm no bng phn ng t-ng t nh- trn nu xut pht t 2,4-ibrom-2metylpentan. Cu V: 1. Axit xinamic -c iu ch theo s phn ng sau:
2 3 C6H5CH=CHCOOH + CH3COOH C6H5CH=O + (CH3CO)2O p Khi kt thc phn ng phi tin hnh tch benzanehit d- ra khi hn hp. C mt hc sinh thc hin nhsau: cho dd KMnO4 c vo hn hp phn ng loi benzanehit d-, sau axit ho hn hp n mi tr-ng axit thu ly axit xinamic. Cch lm ny ng hay sai? Nu mt ph-ng php khc tch -c axit xinamic t hn hp sn phm. 2. Trong phng th nghim ng-i ta iu ch etilen bng cch un nng etanol vi H2SO4 c khong 170oC. Gii thch ti sao cn dn sn phm li qua dd NaOH long. 3. Bnh cu A cha y metylamin (tos = - 6,5oC) -c y bng nt cao su c lp ng thu tinh, p bnh cu vo chu B cha n-c c thm phenolphtalein(xem hnh bn). Nu cc hin t-ng xy ra. Gii thch. K CO , t o
B Gio Dc V o To
Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT
*********************************************************************************************************************************
thi chnh thc
Mn Thi: Ho Hc - Bng A Ngy thi: 13/3/2000 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Cu I: 1) Cho cc cht sau: HNO3, Cu, Fe, Na, S, C, NaNO3, Cu(NO3)2, NH4NO3. Hy vit tt c cc ph-ng trnh phn ng c th to ra kh NO2, ghi r iu kin phn ng (nu c). 2) Mui amoni v mui kim loi kim ging v khc nhau c bn nhng im no? Nu ra mt vi th d c th. 3) Trong phng th nghim ho hc c 8 l ho cht mt nhn ng ring bit cc dd: NaCl; NaNO3; MgCl2; Mg(NO3)2; AlCl3; Al(NO3)3; CrCl3;Cr(NO3)3. Bng ph-ng php ho hc, lm th no nhn bit -c mi dd? Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi iu kin (nu c) 4) Hy hon thnh cc ph-ng trnh phn ng ht nhn sau y (c nh lut bo ton no -c dng khi hon thnh ph-ng trnh trn ?) a. 92U238 p 90Th230 + ... b. 92U235 p 82Pb206 + ... Cu II: 1) xc nh hm l-ng oxi tan trong n-c ng-i ta ly 100,00ml n-c ri cho ngay MnSO4 (d-) v NaOH vo n-c. Sau khi lc k (khng cho tip xc vi khng kh) Mn(OH)2 b oxi ho thnh MnO(OH)2. Thm axit (d-), khi ly MnO(OH)2 b Mn2+ kh thnh Mn3+. Cho Kl (d-) vo hn hp. Mn3+ oxi ho I- thnh I3-. Chun I3- ht 10,50ml Na2S2O3 9,800.10-3M a. Vit cc ph-ng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra trong th nghim. b. Tnh hm l-ng (mol/l) ca oxi tan trong n-c. 2) T cc nguyn t O, Na, S to ra -c cc mui A, B u c 2 nguyn t Na trong phn t. Trong mt th nghim ho hc ng-i ta cho m1 gam mui A bin i thnh m2 gam mui B v 6,16 lt kh Z ti 27,3oC; 1atm. Bit rng hai khi l-ng khc nhau 16,0 gam. a. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra vi cng thc c th ca A, B. b. Tnh m1, m2. Cu III: 1) Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) ca kh clo, tinh th iot tc dng vi: a. Dung dch NaOH ( nhit th-ng, khi un nng) b. Dung dch NH3. 2) Trong cng ngh ho du, cc ankan -c loi hiro chuyn thnh hirocacbon khng no c nhiu ng dng hn. Hy tnh nhit ca mi phn ng sau y: C4H10 p C4H6 + H2 ; (Ho1 (1) CH4 p C6H6 + H2 ; (Ho2 (2) Bit nng l-ng lin kt. E theo kJ.mol-1, ca cc lin kt nhsau: E. theo kJ.mol-1 435,9 416,3 409,1 587,3 Lin kt H-H C-H C-C C=C (Vi cc lin kt C-H, C-C, cc tr s trn l trung bnh trong cc hp cht hirocacbon khc nhau). Cu IV: 1. Hy vit ph-ng trnh ho hc v cu hnh electron t-ng ng ca cht u, sn phm trong mi tr-ng hp sau y: a. Cu2+ (z=29) nhn thm 2e b. Fe2+ (z=26) nh-ng bt 1e c. Bro (z=35) nhn thm 1e d. Hgo (z=80) nh-ng bt 2e
*********************************************************************************************************************************
2. Ho tan 7,180 gam st cc cha Fe2O3 vo mt l-ng rt d- dd H2SO4 long ri thm n-c ct n th tch ng 500ml. Ly 25ml dd ri thm dn 12,50 ml dd KMnO4 0,096M th xut hin mu hng tm trong dd. a. Xc nh hm l-ng (phn trm v khi l-ng) ca Fe tinh khit trong st cc. b. Nu ly cng mt khi l-ng st cc c cng hm l-ng ca Fe tinh khit nh-ng cha tp cht FeO v lm li th nghim ging nh- trn th l-ng dd KMnO4 0,096M cn dng l bao nhiu? Cu V: 1. Cho: Eo 25oC ca cc cp Fe2+ / Fe v Ag+ / Ag t-ng ng bng -0,440V v 0,800V. Dng thm in cc hiro tiu chun, vit s ca pin -c dng xc nh cc th in cc cho. Hy cho bit phn ng xy ra khi pin -c lp t hai cp hot ng. 2. a. Hy sp xp cc nguyn t Natri, Kali, Liti li theo th t gim tr s nng l-ng ion ho th nht (I1). Da vo cn c no v cu to nguyn t -a ra qui lut sp xp ? b. Da vo cu hnh electron, hy gii thch s ln hn nng l-ng ion ho th nht (I1) ca Mg so vi Al (Mg c I1 = 7,644 eV; Al c I1 = 5,984 eV).
-----o
o-----
B Gio Dc V o To THPT
thi chnh thc
Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii

Mn Thi: Ho Hc - Bng A Ngy thi: 14/3/2000 (180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Cu I: Cho s sau:
C A n - Butan 550-6000C B1 A1 B2 Mg ete khan B G C1 1) CH2 C2 1,4- ibrom-2-buten D1 CH2 D2 isoamylaxetat glixerin trinitrat D axeton
O 2) H3O +
A, A1, B, B1, B2 ... D2 l cc hp cht hu c. 1) Hy ghi cc cht cn thit v iu kin phn ng trn cc mi tn. 2) Vit cng thc cu to ca tt c cc hp cht hu c s trn. 3) Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng to thnh glixerin trinitrat t n-butan theo s trn. Cu II: 1) Tm hp cht hu c A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I u cha 35,56%C; 5,19%H; 59,26%Br trong phn t v u c t khi hi so vi nit l 4,822. un nng A hoc B vi dd NaOH u thu -c anchit n-butiric, un nng C hoc D vi dd NaOH u thu -c etylmetylxeton. A bn hn B, C bn hn D, E bn hn G, H v I u c cc nguyn t C* trong phn t. a. Vit cng thc cu trc ca A, B, C, D, E, G, H v I.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2) Hai xicloankan M v N u c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,25. Khi monoclo ho (c chiu sng) th M cho 4 hp cht, N ch cho 1 hp cht duy nht. a.Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca M v N. b. Gi tn cc sn phm to thnh theo danh php IUPAC. c. Cho bit cu dng bn nht ca hp cht to thnh t N, gii thch. Cu III: 1) Axit xitric hay l axit limonic
COOH HOOC - CH2 - C - CH2 - COOH c cc gi tr pKa l 4,76; 3,13 OH
COOH
v 6,40. Hy gi tn axit ny theo danh php IUPAC v ghi (c gii thch) tng gi tr pKa vo nhm chc thch hp. 2) un nng axit xitric ti 176oC thu -c axit aconitic (C6H6O6). Kh axit aconitic sinh ra axit tricacbalylic (hay l axit propan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic). Nu tip tc un nng axit aconitic s thu -c hn hp gm axit itaconic (C5H6O4, khng c ng phn hnh hc) v axit xitraconic (C5H6O4 c ng phn hnh hc); hai axit ny chuyn ho ngay thnh cc hp cht mch vng cng c cng thc phn t C5H4O3. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra d-i dng cc cng thc cu to v cho bit axit aconitic c ng phn hnh hc hay khng? 3)Ng-i ta c th tng hp axit xitric xut pht t axeton v cc ho cht v c cn thit. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra. Cu IV: 1) X l mt isaccarit khng kh -c AgNO3 trong dd amoniac. Khi thu phn X sinh ra sn phm duy nht l M (D-andoz, c cng thc vng dng E). M ch khc D-riboz cu hnh nguyn t C2.
2 p 3 3p M N Q dn xut 2,3,4-tri-O-metyl ca M HCl xtp baz xt xt H +
CH OH CH I
H O
a. Xc nh cng thc ca M, N, Q v X (dng vng phng). b. Hy vit s cc phn ng xy ra. 2) t chy 0,2 mol hp cht A thuc loi tp chc thu -c 26,2 gam kh CO2; 12,6 gam hi H2O v 2,24 lt kh N2 (ktc). Nu t chy 1 mol A cn 3,75 mol O2. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. b. Xc nh cng thc cu to v tn ca A. Bit rng A c tnh cht l-ng tnh, phn ng vi axit nit gii phng nit; vi ancol etylic c axit lm xc tc to thnh hp cht c cng thc C5H11O2N. Khi un nng A chuyn thnh hp cht vng c cng thc C6H10N2O2. Hy vit y cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra v ghi iu kin (nu c). A c ng phn loi g? Cu V: 1) C 5 l ng ring bit cc cht: cumen hay l isopropylbenzen (A), ancol benzylic (B), anisol hay l metyl phenyl ete (C), benzanehit (D) v axit benzoic (E). Bit (A), (B), (C), (D) l cc cht lng. a. Hy sp xp th t tng dn nhit si, gii thch. b. Trong qu trnh bo qun cc cht trn, c 1 l ng cht lng thy xut hin tinh th. Hy gii thch hin t-ng bng ph-ng trnh phn ng ho hc. c. Hy cho bit cc cp cht no ni trn c th phn ng vi nhau. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng v ghi iu kin (nu c). 2) Trong qu trnh iu ch metyl tert-butyl ete (MTBE) t ancol, ng-i ta thu -c thm 2 sn phm khc. a. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng iu ch MTBE t hirocacbon. b. Vit cng thc cu to 2 sn phm ni trn.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
c. Vit cng thc cu to cc sn phm sinh ra v ph-ng trnh phn ng khi cho MTBE tc dng vi HI. 3) C 1 hn hp cc cht rn gm: p-toluiin (p-metylanilin), axit benzoic, naphtalen. Trnh by ngn gn ph-ng php ho hc tch ring tng cht.
Cu I (4 im): 1. Ph-ng php sunfat c th iu ch -c cht no: HF , HCl , HBr , HI ? Nu c cht khng iu ch -c bng ph-ng php ny, hy gii thch ti sao? Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng v ghi r iu kin (nu c) minh ho. 2. Trong dy oxiaxit ca clo, axit hipoclor l quan trng nht. axit hipoclor c cc tnh cht: a) Tnh axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic; b) C tnh oxi ho mnh lit; c) Rt d b phn tch khi c nh sng mt tri, khi un nng. Hy vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng minh ho cc tnh cht . 3. C cc dung dch (b mt nhn) : a) BaCl2 ; b) NH4Cl ; c) K2S ; d) Al2(SO4)3 ; e) MgSO4 ; g) KCl ; h) ZnCl2 . -c dng thm dung dch phenolphtalein (khong pH chuyn mu t 8 - 10) hoc metyl da cam (khong pH chuyn mu t 3,1 - 4,4). Hy nhn bit mi dung dch trn, vit cc ph-ng trnh ion (nu c) gii thch. 4. Tm cch loi sch tp cht kh c trong kh khc v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra: a) CO c trong CO2 ; b) H2S c trong HCl ; c) HCl c trong H2S ; d) HCl c trong SO2 ; e) SO3 c trong SO2 . Cu II (3,5 im): 1. Hy dng k hiu l-ng t biu din cc tr-ng hp s l-ng electron trong mt obitan nguyn t. 2. Mi phn t XY3 c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 196; trong , s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht mang in ca Y l 76. a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v XY3 . b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y. c) Da vo phn ng oxi ho - kh v phn ng trao i, hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng (ghi r iu kin, nu c) cc tr-ng hp xy ra to thnh XY3. Cu III (5 im): 1. Hon thnh ph-ng trnh phn ng a) , b) sau y. Cho bit cc cp oxi ho - kh lin quan n phn ng v so snh cc gi tr Eo ca chng. ICl + SO42- + HCN + Zn2+ + Hg2+ a) Zn[Hg(SCN)4] + IO3- + Cl2+ H2O Cu(CN)2- + CNO- + b) Cu(NH3)m + CN + OH 2. Dung dch X c cht tan l mui M(NO3)2 . Ng-i ta dng 200ml dung dch K3PO4 va phn ng vi 200ml dung dch X, thu -c kt ta M3(PO4)2 v dung dch Y. Khi l-ng kt ta ( -c sy kh) khc khi l-ng M(NO3)2 ban u l 6,825 gam. in phn 400 ml dung dch X bng dng in I = 2 ampe ti khi thy khi l-ng catt khng tng thm na th dng, -c dung dch Z. Gi thit s in phn c hiu sut 100%. a) Hy tm nng ion ca dung dch X, dung dch Y, dung dch Z. Cho bit cc gn ng phi chp nhn khi tnh nng dung dch Y, dung dch Z.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b) Tnh thi gian (theo giy) in phn. c) Tnh th tch kh thu -c 27,3oC , 1atm trong s in phn. Cu IV (4 im): 1. Sunfuryl iclorua SO2Cl2 l ho cht ph bin trong phn ng clo ho. Ti 350oC, 2 atm phn ng SO2Cl2 (kh) SO2 (kh) + Cl2 (kh) (1) C Kp = 50 . a) Hy cho bit n v ca tr s v gii thch: hng s cn bng Kp ny phi c n v nhvy. b) Tnh phn trm theo th tch SO2Cl2(kh) cn li khi (1) t ti cn bng iu kin cho. c) Ban u dng 150 mol SO2Cl2(kh), tnh s mol Cl2(kh) thu -c khi (1) t ti cn bng. Cc kh -c coi l kh l t-ng. 2. a) Tnh in li ca dung dch CH3NH2 0,010M. b) in li thay i ra sao khi - Pha long dung dch ra 50 ln. - Khi c mt NaOH 0,0010M. - Khi c mt CH3COOH 0,0010M. - Khi c mt HCOONa 1,00M. ; K = 1010,64 CH3NH3+ Bit: CH3NH2 + H+ CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ ; K = 10-4,76 Cu V(3,5 im): (1) Phn ng S2O82- + 2 I - 2 SO42- + I2 p -c kho st bng thc nghim nhsau: Trn dung dch KI vi dung dch h tinh bt, dung dch S2O32- ; sau thm dung dch S2O82- vo dung dch trn. Cc dung dch u c nng ban u thch hp. 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra; ti sao dung dch t khng mu chuyn sang mu xanh lam? 2. Ng-i ta thu -c s liu sau y: Thi gian th nghim(theo giy) Nng I- (theo mol . l -1) 0 1,000 20 0,752 50 0,400 80 0,010 Dng s liu , hy tnh tc trung bnh ca phn ng (1).
Cu I (5 im): 1. Xut pht t brombenzen cha 14 C v tr 1 v cc ho cht v c cn thit khng cha 14 C, hy iu ch cc hp cht thm cha 14 C v tr 3 : a) Anilin ; b) Iotbenzen ; c) Axit benzoic. 2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm t A n F :
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Na2Cr2O4 Cl2 (1 mol) Benzen (1mol) FeCl3 A H2O t0C, p B
2H
Fe, HCl F E 3. Khi oxi ho etylenglicol bng HNO3 th to thnh mt hn hp 5 cht. Hy vit cng thc cu to phn t ca 5 cht v sp xp theo trt t gim dn nhit si ca chng (c gii thch). N Cu II (4 im): Xinconiin (X) c cng thc cu to : CH = CH2 l ng phn lp th C9 ca xinconin (Y). 9 C HOH 1. Hy ghi du * vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i v khoanh vng trn nguyn t nit c tnh baz mnh nht trong phn t X. 2. Cho t t dung dch HBr vo X nhit phng ri un nng nh, sinh ra cc sn phm chnh l A (C19H23BrON2) , B (C19H24Br2ON2) , C (C19H25Br3ON2) , v D (C19H24Br4N2). Ch ho D vi dung dch KOH trong r-u 90o thu -c E (C19H20N2) Hy vit cng thc cu to ca A , B , C , D , E. Ghi du * vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i trong phn t D v E. 3. Cho C6H5COCl vo X v Y thu -c sn phm u c cng thc C26H26N2O2 (t l F v G). F v G c ng nht (cng l mt cht) hay khng? Chng c nhit nng chy ging hay khc nhau? ti sao? Cu III (4 im): 1.C mt hn hp protit gm pepsin (pHI = 1,1), hemoglobin (pHI = 6,8) v prolamin (pHI = 12,0). Khi tin hnh in di dung dch protit nu trn pH = 7,0 th thu -c 3 vt cht (xem hnh): Xut pht Cc Cc A B C HNO3 Cho bit mi vt cht c tr-ng cho protit no ? Gii thch. 2. Khi thu phn hon ton 1 mol tripeptit X thu -c 2 mol axit glutamic ( HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH ), 1 mol alanin ( CH3CH(NH2)COOH ) v 1 mol NH3. X khng phn ng vi 2,4-initroflobenzen v X ch c mt nhm cacboxyl t do. Thu phn X nh enzim cacboxipeptiaza thu -c alanin v mt ipeptit Y. Vit cng thc cu to ca X , Y v gi tn chng. Cu IV (4,5 im): Melexitoz (C18H32O16) l -ng khng kh, c trong mt ong. Khi thu phn hon ton 1 mol melexitoz bng axit s nhn -c 2 mol D-glucoz v 1 mol D- fructoz. Khi thu phn khng hon ton s nhn -c D-glucoz v isaccarit turanoz. Khi thu phn nh enzim mantaza s to thnh D-glucoz v D-fructoz, cn khi thu phn nh enzim khc s nhn -c saccaroz. Metyl ho 1 mol melexitoz ri thu phn s nhn -c 1 mol 1,4,6-tri-O-metyl-D-fructoz v 2 mol 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-glucoz. 1. Hy vit cng thc cu trc ca melexitoz. Vit cng thc cu trc v gi tn h thng ca turanoz. 2. Hy ch ra rng, vic khng hnh thnh fomanehit trong sn phm oxi ho bng HIO4 chng t c cu trc furanoz hoc piranoz i vi mt xch fructoz v piranoz hoc heptanoz (vng 7 cnh) i vi mt xch glucoz. 3. Cn bao nhiu mol HIO4 phn hu hai mt xch glucoz c cu trc heptanoz v s nhn -c bao nhiu mol axit fomic?
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu V (2,5 im): 1. Clorofom tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh sng s b oxi ha thnh photgen rt c. nga c ng-i ta bo qun clorofom bng cch cho thm mt l-ng nh ancol etylic chuyn photgen thnh cht khng c. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng oxi ha clorofom bng oxi khng kh thnh photgen, phn ng ca photgen vi ancol etylic v gi tn sn phm. 2. un nng vi git clorofom vi l-ng d- dung dch NaOH, sau nh thm vi git dung dch KMnO4 thy hn hp xut hin mu xanh. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng v gii thch s xut hin mu xanh. 3. Khi tin hnh iu ch axit lactic t anehit axetic v axit xianhiric, ngoi sn phm mong mun ta cn thu -c hp cht X (C6H8O4). Vit cng thc cu to ca X v cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. 1. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng iu ch D-fructoz t D-glucoz, bit rng D-glucozazon khi tc dng vi benzandehit to thnh ozon ca D-glucoz (HOCH2(CHOH)3COCHO). 2. Chitin (tch t v tm, cua...) -c coi nh- l dn xut ca xenluloz, trong cc nhm hidroxyl cc nguyn t C2 -c thay th bng cc nhm axetylamino ( -NH-CO-CH3 ). a) Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch ca phn t chitin. b) Gi tn mt mt xch ca chitin. c) Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra khi un nng chitin vi dung dch HCl c (d-), un nng chitin vi dung dch NaOH c (d-). Cu III (5 im): (thay cu III bng A, dng cho bng B) 1. Cho hn hp ng phn t gm axit benzoic v axit p-metoxibenzoic tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. Vit cng thc cu to hai sn phm mononitro chnh v cho bit cht no to thnh vi s mol nhiu hn? Hy so snh tnh axit ca cc cht gm hai axit u v hai sn phm, gii thch. 2. C cc hp cht sau: H3NCH2COO (A) , H2NCH2CONH2 (B) , H2N-CO-NH2 (C) , CH3CHOHCOOH (D). Cho bit tng hp cht trn thuc loi hp cht c chc hu c no? Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng ca tng hp cht trn vi: a) Dung dch HCl (d-, nng) ; b) Dung dch NaOH (d-, nng). b gio dc v o to quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi chnh thc hc Bng B Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 13 / 3 / 2001 Cu I (5 im): 1. Xut pht t brombenzen cha 14 C v tr 1 v cc ho cht v c cn thit khng cha hy iu ch cc hp cht thm cha 14 C v tr 3 : a) Anilin ; b) Iotbenzen ; c) Axit benzoic. 2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm t A n F : Na2Cr2O4 2H Cl2 (1 mol) H2O C D Benzen (1 mol) A B
14
k thi chn hc sinh gii
Mn : ho
C,
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:26 FeCl3 tO , p
Fe, HCl E F 3. Khi oxi ho etylenglicol bng HNO3 th to thnh mt hn hp 5 cht. Hy vit cng thc cu to phn t ca 5 cht v sp xp theo trt t gim dn nhit si ca chng (c gii thch). Cu II (3,5 im): Xinconiin (X) c cng thc cu to : N
9
HNO3 (1 mol)
C HOH l ng phn lp th C9 ca xinconin (Y). N 1. Hy ghi du vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i v khoanh vng trn nguyn t nit c tnh baz mnh nht trong phn t X. 2. Cho t t dung dch HBr vo X nhit phng ri un nng nh, sinh ra cc sn phm chnh l A (C19H23BrON2) , B (C19H24Br2ON2) , C (C19H25Br3ON2) , v D (C19H24Br4N2). Ch ho D vi dung dch KOH trong r-u 90o thu -c E (C19H20N2) Hy vit cng thc cu to ca A , B , C , D , E. Ghi du vo mi nguyn t cacbon bt i trong phn t D v E. Cu III (5 im): 1. Cho hn hp ng phn t gm axit benzoic v axit p-metoxibenzoic tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. Vit cng thc cu to hai sn phm mononitro chnh v cho bit cht no to thnh vi s mol nhiu hn? Hy so snh tnh axit ca cc cht gm hai axit u v hai sn phm, gii thch. 2. C cc hp cht sau: H3NCH2COO (A) , H2NCH2CONH2(B) , H2N-CO-NH2 (C) , CH3CHOHCOOH (D). Cho bit tng hp cht trn thuc loi hp cht c chc hu c no? Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng ca tng hp cht trn vi : a) Dung dch HCl (d-, nng) ; b) Dung dch NaOH (d-, nng).
CH=CH2
Cu IV (4,5 im): 1. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng iu ch D-fructoz t D-glucoz, bit rng D-glucozazon khi tc dng vi benzanehit to thnh ozon ca D-glucoz (HOCH2(CHOH)3COCHO). 2. Chitin (tch t v tm, cua...) -c coi nh- l dn xut ca xenluloz, trong cc nhm hiroxyl cc nguyn t C2 -c thay th bng cc nhm axetylamino ( -NH-CO-CH3 ). d) Vit cng thc cu to mt on mch ca phn t chitin. e) Gi tn mt mt xch ca chitin. c) Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra khi un nng chitin vi dung dch HCl c (d-), un nng chitin vi dung dch NaOH c (d-). Cu V (2 im): 1. Clorofom tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh sng s b oxi ha thnh photgen rt c. nga c ng-i ta bo qun clorofom bng cch cho thm mt l-ng nh ancol etylic chuyn photgen thnh cht khng c. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng oxi ha clorofom bng oxi khng kh thnh photgen, phn ng ca photgen vi ancol etylic v gi tn sn phm. 2. un nng vi git clorofom vi l-ng d- dung dch NaOH, sau nh thm vi git dung dch KMnO4 thy hn hp xut hin mu xanh. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng v gii thch s xut hin mu xanh.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to quc gia
lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi th nht : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)
Mn :
Cu I : 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh ho hc t Na2Cr2O7 , C (than ), Al (bt nhm) v cc iu kin cn thit thu -c Cr. 2. CrO2Cl2 (cromyl clorua) l mt ho cht quan trng. Hy vit cc ph-ng trnh ho hc to ra CrO2Cl2 t: a) CrO3 tc dng vi axit HCl. b) Cho K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi KCl tronh H2SO4 c, nng. 3. Thm cht thch hp v hon thnh ph-ng trnh ho hc sau: a) KNO2 + KNO3 + ? K2CrO4 + NO b) NaNO2 + ? + NaI I2 + NaHSO4 + NO + H2O c) HNO3 + P2O5 ? + N2O5 Cu II : 1. Vn dng l thuyt Bronstet v axit baz hy gii thch tnh axit baz trong dung dch n-c ca cc cht sau: a) BaCl2 ; b) K2S ; c) NH4HS ; d) NaHSO3 2. Hy trnh by 3 th nghim minh ho tnh cht axit baz trong mi dung dch : a) NH4HSO4 ; b) Na2CO3 (m t cch th nghim v gii thch). 3. Cho NaOH (d-) vo hn hp X gm c Zn2+ ; Pb2+ ; Fe3+ ; Cu2+ ; Mg2+ ; NO3- s -c kt ta A v dung dch B. Hy nu ph-ng php ho hc xc nhn cc cht c mt trong kt ta A v dung dch B(nu r nhn bit) Vit ph-ng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu III : 1. Thm dn dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha H+ 0,100M ; Fe3+ 1,0.10-3M v Mg2+ 0,100M cho n d-. Cho bit c hin t-ng g xy ra? 2. Gi s tng nng NaOH cho vo l 0,2030 M. Hy tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch (khi tnh khng k s to phc hiroxo ca cc ion kim loi). Cho: Tch s tan Mg(OH)2: 10 10,95 Fe(OH)3 : 10 37,5. Cu IV : 1. Hai mui ca cng mt axit lm i mu khc nhau i vi giy qu tm, to kt ta trng vi n-c vi trong v to kt ta vng vi dung dch AgNO3 l nhng mui no? Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng chng minh. 2. a) Nu dn chng c th cho thy Cu2O bn vi nhit hn CuO v CuCl bn vi nhit hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn. b) Nu dn chng c th cho thy trong n-c CuCl km bn hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn. c) Th in cc chun ca cp Cu2+/ Cu+ l 0,15V, ca cp I2/ 2I- l 0,54V nh-ng ti sao ng-i ta c th nh l-ng ion Cu2+ trong dung dch n-c thng qua tc dng ca ion vi dung dch KI? Cho bit dung dch bo ho ca CuI trong n-c nhit th-ng c nng l10-6M.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu V : 1. Hy thit lp s pin sao cho khi pin phng in th xy ra phn ng kh ion Fe3+ bi Cu . Vit ph-ng trnh cc na phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc. 2. Tnh sc in ng tiu chun ca pin (Eopin) khi pin mi bt u hot ng. 3. Tnh nng cc cht cn li trong cc dung dch khi pin phng in hon ton (gi s nng cc cht tr-c phn ng u bng 0,010M). 4. Sc in ng ca pin s tng hay gim nu: - Thm mt t KI - Thm t NH3 vo dung dch cc ng (dung dch A). - Thm mt t KMnO4 (mi tr-ng axit) - Thm t NaF - Thm t NaOH vo dung dch ca cc cha Fe3+ (dung dch B). Cho Eo Cu2+/ Cu+ = 0,34V ; Eo Cu+/ Cu = 0,52V Eo Fe3+/ Fe2+ = 0,77V ; Eo Fe2+/ Fe = - 0,40V
b gio dc v o to quc gia
lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b ho hc Bng B Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi th nht : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)
Mn :
Cu I : 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh ho hc t Na2Cr2O7 , C (than ), Al (bt nhm) v cc iu kin cn thit thu -c Cr. 2. CrO2Cl2 (cromyl clorua) l mt ho cht quan trng. Hy vit cc ph-ng trnh ho hc to ra CrO2Cl2 t: a) CrO3 tc dng vi axit HCl. b) Cho K2Cr2O7 tc dng vi KCl tronh H2SO4 c, nng. 3. Thm cht thch hp v hon thnh ph-ng trnh ho hc sau: a) KNO2 + KNO3 + ? K2CrO4 + NO b) NaNO2 + ? + NaI I2 + NaHSO4 + NO + H2O c) HNO3 + P2O5 ? + N2O5 Cu II : 1. Vn dng l thuyt Bronstet v axit-baz hy gii thch tnh axit-baz trong dung dch n-c ca cc cht sau: a) BaCl2 ; b) K2S ; c) NH4HS ; d) NaHSO3 2. Hy trnh by 3 th nghim minh ho tnh cht axit baz trong mi dung dch : a) NH4HSO4 ; b) Na2CO3 (m t cch th nghim v gii thch). 3. Cho NaOH (d-) vo hn hp X gm c Zn2+ ; Pb2+ ; Fe3+ ; Cu2+ ; Mg2+ ; NO3- s -c kt ta A v dung dch B. Hy nu ph-ng php ho hc xc nhn cc cht c mt trong kt ta A v dung dch B (nu r nhn bit) Vit ph-ng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra. Cu III :
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1. Thm dn dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha H+ 0,100M ; Fe3+ 1,0.10-3M v Mg2+ 0,100M cho n d-. Cho bit c hin t-ng g xy ra? 2. Gi s tng nng NaOH cho vo l 0,2030 M. Hy tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch (khi tnh khng k s to phc hiroxo ca cc ion kim loi). Cho: Tch s tan Mg(OH)2: 10 10,95 Fe(OH)3 : 10 37,5. Cu IV : 1. Hai mui ca cng mt axit lm i mu khc nhau i vi giy qu tm, to kt ta trng vi n-c vi trong v to kt ta vng vi dung dch AgNO3 l nhng mui no? Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng chng minh. 2. a) Nu dn chng c th cho thy Cu2O bn vi nhit hn CuO v CuCl bn vi nhit hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn. b) Nu dn chng c th cho thy trong n-c CuCl km bn hn CuCl2 , gii thch nguyn nhn. c) Th in cc chun ca cp Cu2+/ Cu+ l 0,15V, ca cp I2/ 2I- l 0,54V nh-ng ti sao ng-i ta c th nh l-ng ion Cu2+ trong dung dch n-c thng qua tc dng ca ion vi dung dch KI? Cho bit dung dch bo ho ca CuI trong n-c nhit th-ng c nng l10 -6M.
b gio dc v o to
k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12
thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d b Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi th hai : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B) Cu I : 1.Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca: a) Axit axetic (pKa = 4,76) , phenol (pKa = 10) vi : - Dung dch NaHCO3 - Dung dch Na2CO3 Bit H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,4 v pKa2 = 10,3 b) Dung dch CH3COONa , dung dch C6H5ONa vi CO2 2. Hon thnh cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (cc sn phm vit dng cng thc cu to) theo cc s chuyn ho sau: CH3OH(dung mi) a) C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 A + B H2SO4 , to b) C6H5CH=CH2 C(C16H16) Nu tn cc c ch ca phn ng a) v b). COOH + CO2 H (CH3CO)2O OCOCH3 f) C6H5ONa M N 6 at, 125oC (Aspirin) Cu II : Hp cht thin nhin X cha 66,67% cacbon; 6,67% hiro; cn li l oxi. Bit phn t khi ca X l 180.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
X tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O cho A(C14H16O5), vi HBr lnh cho B (C10H11BrO2, gm hai ng phn c to B1 v B2), vi CH3I (c mt baz) cho D (C11H14O3),vi HI nng cho CH3I , v vi O3 ri Zn / HCl (dung dch) cho E (C8H8O3). E tc dng vi HI nng cng cho CH3I, ngoi ra E cn kh -c AgNO3. X , B , v E tan trong dung dch NaOH nh-ng khng tan trong dung dch NaHCO3. A v D khng tan trong dung dch NaOH nh-ng d lm mt mu KMnO4 long ngui v brom long. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cc nhm chc c trong phn t X. 2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , A , B , D v E ; bit rng E l ng phn c pKa gn thp nht. 3. Dng cc cng thc cu to thu gn vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. Gii thch ti sao sinh ra hai ng phn ca B. 4. Gi tn X , B1 , E. Cu III : 1. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng monoclo ho sec-butyl clorua, gi tn cc sn phm to thnh. 2. Nu xut pht t (S)-sec-butyl clorua th s nhn -c bao nhiu hp cht quang hot? Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn theo danh php R , S. 3. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm : Cl2 (1 mol) HNO3 (1 mol) HN(C2H5)2 Fe, HCl a) Benzen (1 mol) A B C D AlCl3 H2SO4 CH3I (1 mol) HNO3 (1 mol) Fe, HCl G b) Phenol (1 mol) E F ClCH2COOH H Cu IV : Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du hi l anetol (C10H12O). Cho anetol phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 trong n-c th to thnh kali axetat, kali p-metoxi benzoat v MnO2. 1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anetol, vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn khng gian c th c v gi tn IUPAC ca chng. 2. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra v ngh cch tch ly axit p-metoxi benzoic t hn hp sau phn ng. 3. Dng cng thc cu to, hy vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng ca anetol vi: a) Br2/ CCl4 ; b) HCl ; c) Cl2 + H2O 4. Khi un nng vi xc tc, anetol th-ng b ho nha. Hy gii thch.
b gio dc v o to gii quc gia
k thi chn hc sinh
lp 12 thpt nm hc 2000-2001 thi d Mn : ho hc Bng B Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi th hai : ( theo quyt nh v thng bo ca B)
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu I : 1.Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (nu c) ca: a) Axit axetic (pKa = 4,76) , phenol (pKa = 10) vi : - Dung dch NaHCO3 - Dung dch Na2CO3 Bit H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,4 v pKa2 = 10,3 b) Dung dch CH3COONa , dung dch C6H5ONa vi CO2 2. Hon thnh cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (cc sn phm vit dng cng thc cu to) theo cc s chuyn ho sau: CH3OH(dung mi) a) C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 A + B o H2SO4 , t b) C6H5CH=CH2 C(C16H16) Nu tn cc c ch ca phn ng a) v b). COOH + CO2 H (CH3CO)2O OCOCH3
g) C6H5ONa
6 at, 125oC
(Aspirin) Cu II : Hp cht thin nhin X cha 66,67% cacbon; 6,67% hiro; cn li l oxi. Bit phn t khi ca X l 180. X tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O cho A(C14H16O5), vi HBr lnh cho B (C10H11BrO2, gm hai ng phn c to B1 v B2), vi CH3I (c mt baz) cho D (C11H14O3),vi HI nng cho CH3I , v vi O3 ri Zn / HCl (dung dch) cho E (C8H8O3). E tc dng vi HI nng cng cho CH3I, ngoi ra E cn kh -c AgNO3. X , B , v E tan trong dung dch NaOH nh-ng khng tan trong dung dch NaHCO3. A v D khng tan trong dung dch NaOH nh-ng d lm mt mu KMnO4 long ngui v bom long. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cc nhm chc c trong phn t X. 2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X , A , B , D v E ; bit rng E l ng phn c pKa gn thp nht. Cu III : 1. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng monoclo ho sec-butyl clorua, gi tn cc sn phm to thnh. 2. Hon thnh s cc phn ng sau v gi tn cc sn phm : Cl2 (1 mol) HNO3 (1 mol) HN(C2H5)2 Fe, HCl a) Benzen (1 mol) A B C D AlCl3 H2SO4 HNO3 (1 mol) b) Phenol (1 mol) Fe, HCl E F ClCH2COOH H Cu IV : Thnh phn chnh ca tinh du hi l anetol (C10H12O). Cho anetol phn ng vi dung dch KMnO4 trong n-c th to thnh kali axetat, kali p-metoxi benzoat v MnO2. CH3I (1 mol) G
*********************************************************************************************************************************
1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca anetol, vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn khng gian c th c v gi tn IUPAC ca chng. 2. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra v ngh cch tch ly axit p-metoxi benzoic t hn hp sau phn ng. 3. Dng cng thc cu to, hy vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng ca anetol vi: a) Br2/ CCl4 ; b) HCl ; c) Cl2 + H2O 4. Khi un nng vi xc tc, anetol th-ng b ho nha. Hy gii thch.
b gio dc v o to quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2001-2002 E THI CHNH THC
Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 13 / 3 / 2002 Cu I:(4 im) 1. Khi xiclotrime ho 1,3-butaien vi s c mt ca cht xc tc c kim, ng-i ta iu ch -c (Z, E, E)-1,5,9-xiclooecatrien. y l mt ph-ng php n gin iu ch hidrocacbon vng ln. Khi dng cht xc tc thch hp l cc phc T-alyl ca kim loi chuyn tip ng-i ta iu ch -c (E, E, E)-1,5,9-xiclododecatrien v (Z, Z, E)-1,5,9-xiclododecatrien. Hy vit cng thc cu to ca 3 hp cht trn. 2. Sp xp s tng dn tnh baz (c gii thch) ca cc cht trong tng dy sau: (a) CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH, CH2=CH-CH2-NH2, CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2, CH|C-CH2-NH2 . (b) -NH-CH3 , -CH2-NH2 , C6H5-CH2-NH2, p-O2N-C6H4-NH2. Cu II: (5,5 im) 1. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ho sau (cc cht t A, ... G2 l cc hp cht hu c, vit dng cng thc cu to): Fe Cl2 (1 mol) Mg 1) Etilen oxit H2SO4 Br2 (1 mol) E1 + E2 C6H5-CH3 A B C D (1 mol) a.s. ete khan 2) H2O/H+ 15OC (1 mol) a.s. G1 + G2
2. (3,5 im). Vit s phn ng iu ch cc hp cht sau y, ghi r cc iu kin phn ng (nu c): a) T etanol v cc ho cht v c cn thit, iu ch: (A) Propin (khng qu 8 giai on). (B) 1,1-icloetan (qua 4 giai on). b) T benzen v cc cht v c, hu c (cha khng qu 3 nguyn t cacbon), iu ch: (C) (D) Cu III: (2,5 im) Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C7H9N. Cho A phn ng vi C2H5Br (d-), sau vi NaOH thu -c hp cht B c cng thc phn t C11H17N. Nu cng cho A phn ng vi C2H5Br nh-ng c xc tc AlCl3 (khan) th to ra hp cht C c cng cng thc phn t vi B (C11H17N). Cho A phn ng vi H2SO4 (c) 180oC to hp cht D c cng thc phn t C7H9O6S2N, sau khi ch ho D vi NaOH 300oC ri vi HCl s cho sn phm E (E c
*********************************************************************************************************************************
phn ng mu vi FeCl3). Mt khc, nu cho A phn ng vi NaNO2 trong HCl 5oC, ri cho phn ng vi F-naphtol trong dung dch NaOH th thu -c sn phm c mu G. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, D, E, G v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (nu c) minh ho. Cu IV: (5,5 im) Thu phn mt protein (protit) thu -c mt s aminoaxit c cng thc v pKa nhsau: Ala CH3CH(NH2)COOH (2,34; 9,69); Pro COOH (1,99; 10,60); N Ser HOCH2CH(NH2)COOH (2,21; 9,15); Asp HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH (1,88; 3,65;9,60); Orn H2N?CH2A3CH(NH2)COOH (2,10; 8,90; 10,50); Arg H2NC(=NH)NH?CH2A3CH(NH2)COOH (2,17; 9,04; 12,48); 1. Vit tn IUPAC v cng thc Fis pHI ca Arg, Asp, Orn. Trn mi cng thc hy ghi (trong ngoc) gi tr pKa bn cnh nhm chc thch hp. Bit nhm -NHC(=NH)NH2 c tn l guaniino. 2. Ala v Asp c trong thnh phn cu to ca aspactam (mt cht c ngt cao hn saccaroz ti 160 ln). Thu phn hon ton aspactam thu -c Ala, Asp v CH3OH. Cho aspactam tc dng vi 2,4-initroflobenzen ri thu phn th -c dn xut 2,4-initrophenyl ca Asp v mt sn phm c cng thc C4H9NO2. Vit cng thc Fis v tn y ca aspactam, bit rng nhm E-COOH ca Asp khng cn t do. 3. Arg, Pro v Ser c trong thnh phn cu to ca nonapeptit braikinin. Thu phn braikinin sinh ra Pro-Pro-Gly ; Ser-Pro-Phe ; Gly-Phe-Ser ; Pro-Phe-Arg ; Arg-Pro-Pro ; Pro-Gly-Phe ; PheSer-Pro. a) Dng k hiu 3 ch ci (Arg, Pro, Gly,...), cho bit trnh t cc aminoaxit trong phn t braikinin. b) Vit cng thc Fis v cho bit nonapeptit ny c gi tr pHI trong khong no? (} 6; <6; << 6; > 6; >> 6). Cu V: (2,5 im) 1. Oxi ho 150 mg amiloz bi NaIO4 thu -c 0,0045 mmol axit fomic. (a) Tnh s l-ng trung bnh cc gc glucoz trong phn t amiloz; bit CHO H OH rng khi oxi ho 1 mol amiloz bng NaIO4, s gc glucoz u mch HO H to ra 1 mol axit fomic, s gc glucoz cui mch to ra 2 mol axit fomic. H OH (b) Vit s cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. HO H 2. Vit s cc ph-ng trnh phn ng chuyn D-glucoz thnh L-guloz CH 2OH c cng thc bn. L-galuz b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp thpt nm hc 2001-2002 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 12 / 3 / 2002 Cu I: (5 im). 1. Liu php phng x -c ng dng rng ri cha ung th-. C s ca liu php l s bin i ht nhn. 59 + 0n1 p X? (1) 27Co 60 X? p 28Ni + ... ; hR = 1,25 MeV (2) 12
*********************************************************************************************************************************
(a) Hy hon thnh ph-ng trnh ca s bin i ht nhn trn v nu r nh lut no -c p dng hon thnh ph-ng trnh. (b) Hy cho bit im khc nhau gia phn ng ht nhn vi phn ng oxi ho-kh (ly th d t phn ng (2) v phn ng Co + Cl2 p CoCl2). 2. C cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 (1) (a) Dng k hiu l-ng t biu din cu hnh electron (1). (b) Cu hnh electron (1) l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t hay ion ? Ti sao ? (c) Cho bit tnh cht ho hc c tr-ng ca ion hay nguyn t ng vi cu hnh electron (1), hy vit mt ph-ng trnh phn ng minh ha. Z2 3. Bit En = -13,6. 2 (n: s l-ng t chnh, Z: s n v in tch ht nhn). n (a) Tnh nng l-ng1e trong tr-ng lc mt ht nhn ca mi h N6+, C5+, O7+. (b) Qui lut lin h gia En vi Z tnh -c trn phn nh mi lin h no gia ht nhn vi electron trong cc h ? (c) Tr s nng l-ng tnh -c c quan h vi nng l-ng ion ho ca mi h trn hay khng ? Tnh nng l-ng ion ho ca mi h. 4. p dng thuyt lai ho gii thch kt qu ca thc nghim xc nh -c BeH2, CO2 u l phn t thng. Cu II: (6 im). 1. Bit th oxi ho-kh tiu chun : EoCu2+/Cu+ = +0,16V, EoCu+/Cu = +0,52V, Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0,77V, EoFe2+/Fe = -0,44V Hy cho bit hin t-ng g xy ra trong cc tr-ng hp sau: (a) Cho bt st vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M. (b) Cho bt ng vo dung dch CuSO4 1M. 2. Dung dch X gm Na2S 0,010M, KI 0,060M, Na2SO4 0,050M. (a) Tnh pH ca dung dch X. (b) Thm dn Pb(NO3)2 vo dung dch X cho n nng 0,090M th thu -c kt ta A v dung dch B. i Cho bit thnh phn ho hc ca kt ta A v dung dch B. ii Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch B (khng k s thu phn ca cc ion, coi th tch dung dch khng thay i khi thm Pb(NO3)2). iii Nhn bit cc cht c trong kt ta A bng ph-ng php ho hc, vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (nu c). (c) Axit ho chm dung dch X n pH = 0. Thm FeCl3 cho n nng 0,10M. i Tnh th ca cc platin nhng trong dung dch thu -c so vi cc calomen bo ho (Hg2Cl2/2Hg,2Cl-). ii Biu din s pin, vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra ti cc in cc v phn ng tng qut khi pin hot ng. Cho : axit c H2S pK1 = 7,00, pK2 = 12,90; HSO4- c pK = 2,00; Tch s tan ca PbS = 10-26 ; PbSO4 = 10-7,8 ; PbI2 = 10-7,6. Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,77 V ; Eo S/H2S = 0,14V ; Eo I2/2I- = 0,54V ; Ecal bo ho = 0,244V Cu III: (3 im). Cho dng in 0,5A i qua dung dch mui ca mt axit hu c trong 2 gi. Kt qu sau qu trnh in phn l trn catt to ra 3,865 gam mt kim loi v trn ant c kh etan v kh cacbonic thot ra. 1. Cho bit mui ca kim loi no b in phn? Bit rng 5,18 gam ca kim loi y -c 1,59 gam Cu t dung dch ng sunfat. 2. Cho bit mui ca axit hu c no b in phn? 3. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu IV: (2,5 im). Ti 25oC phn ng 2 N2O5 (k) 4 NO2 (k) + O2 (k) c hng s tc k = 1,8.10-5. s-1 ; biu thc tnh tc phn ng v = k.CN2O5. Phn ng trn xy ra trong bnh kn th tch 20,0 lit khng i. Ban u l-ng N2O5 cho va y bnh. thi im kho st, p sut ring ca N2O5 l 0,070 atm . Gi thit cc kh u l kh l t-ng. 1. Tnh tc : a) tiu th N2O5 ; b) hnh thnh NO2 ; O2. 2. Tnh s phn t N2O5 b phn tch sau 30 giy. 3. Nu phn ng trn c ph-ng trnh N2O5 (k) 2 NO2 (k) + 1/2 O2 (k) th tr s tc phn ng, hng s tc phn ng c thay i khng? Gii thch. Cu V: (3,5 im). Kh NO kt hp vi hi Br2 to ra mt kh duy nht trong phn t c 3 nguyn t. 1. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Bit phn ng trn thu nhit, ti 25oC c Kp = 116,6. Hy tnh Kp (ghi r n v) ti 0oC ; 50oC. Gi thit rng t s gia hai tr s hng s cn bng ti 0oC vi 25oC hay 25oC vi 50oC u bng 1,54. 3. Xt ti 25oC, cn bng ho hc -c thit lp. Cn bng s chuyn dch nh- th no? Nu: a) Tng l-ng kh NO. b) Gim l-ng hi Br2. c) Gim nhit . d) Thm kh N2 vo h m: - Th tch bnh phn ng khng i (V = const) - p sut chung ca h khng i (P = const). b gio dc v o to thpt nm hc 2002-2003 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 12 / 3 / 2003 Cu I: 1. Nhm clorua khi ho tan vo mt s dung mi hoc khi bay hi nhit khng qu cao th tn ti dng ime (Al2Cl6). nhit cao (7000C) ime b phn li thnh monome (AlCl3). Vit cng thc cu to Lewis ca phn t ime v monome; Cho bit kiu lai ho ca nguyn t nhm, kiu lin kt trong mi phn t ; M t cu trc hnh hc ca cc phn t . 2. Phn t HF v phn t H2O c momen l-ng cc, phn t khi gn bng nhau (HF 1,91 Debye, H2O 1,84 Debye, MHF 20, M H 2O 18); nh-ng nhit nng chy ca hiroflorua l 830C thp hn nhiu so vi nhit nng chy ca n-c l 00C, hy gii thch v sao? Cu II: 1. Trong phng th nghim c cc dung dch b mt nhn: AlCl3, NaCl, KOH, Mg(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3. Dng thm mt thuc th, hy nhn bit mi dung dch. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng (nu c). 2. Dung dch bo ha H2S c nng 0,100 M. Hng s axit ca H2S: K1 = 1,0 x 10-7 v K2 = 1,3 x 10-13. a) Tnh nng ion sunfua trong dung dch H2S 0,100 M khi iu chnh pH = 2,0. b) Mt dung dch A cha cc cation Mn2+, Co2+, v Ag+ vi nng ban u ca mi ion u bng 0,010 M. Ho tan H2S vo A n bo ho v iu chnh pH = 2,0 th ion no to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12
*********************************************************************************************************************************
kt ta. Cho: TMnS = 2,5 x 10-10 ; TCoS = 4,0 x 10 21 ; TAg2S = 6,3 x 10-50 3. Kim loi A phn ng vi phi kim B to hp cht C mu vng cam. Cho 0,1 mol hp cht C phn ng vi CO2 (d-) to thnh hp cht D v 2,4 gam B. Ha tan hon ton D vo n-c, dung dch D phn ng ht 100 ml dung dch HCl 1 M gii phng 1,12 l kh CO2 (ktc). Hy xc nh A, B, C, D v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit hp cht C cha 45,07 % B theo khi l-ng; hp cht D khng b phn tch khi nng chy. Cu III: Ph-ng trnh phn ng iot ho axeton trong dung dch c xc tc axit:
CH3 C CH3 + I2 p CH3 C CH2I + HI (A) (B) CH3 C CH3 v CH3 C = CH2 + OH OH O O (E) (F)
H
Thc nghim cho thy phn ng l bc nht i vi axeton v bc nht i vi H+. Mt khc, thc nghim cng cho thy trong qu trnh phn ng c to ra cc cht trung gian T ng-i ta nu gi thit phn ng trn xy ra qua 3 giai on. a) Vit ph-ng trnh biu din nh lut tc ca phn ng v cho bit n v (th nguyn) ca hng s tc phn ng. b) Vit biu thc biu din tc phn ng qua: tc tiu hao (A), (B); tc to thnh (E), (F) c) Vit ph-ng trnh biu din 3 giai on ca phn ng. Giai on no quyt nh tc phn ng. Hy chng minh c ch anh (ch) nu ra ph hp vi ph-ng trnh vit (a). d) Mt th nghim, ng-i ta ly nng ban u ca axeton, iot v ion H+ u bng 0,1M. Sau 30 pht, nng axeton gim bt 15% so vi nng ban u. Tc to thnh HI ti thi im 30 pht l 3,47.10-5 mol. L-1. pht-1. Hy tnh hng s tc phn ng. Cu IV: 1. Phn ng gia AgNO3 vi KCl trong dung dch to thnh kt ta AgCl v gii phng nng l-ng. Ta c th to ra mt t bo in ho (pin) sinh cng in nh phn ng . a) Vit cng thc ca t bo in ho theo quy tc IUPAC v cc na phn ng in cc ti anot v catot. b) Tnh (G0 ca phn ng kt ta AgCl v E 0 ca t bo in ho. 298 298 0 10 Cho: TAgCl 25 C bng 1,6. 10 . 2. in phn 50 ml dung dch HNO3 c pH = 5,0 vi in cc than ch trong 30 gi, dng in 1A. a) Vit na phn ng ti cc in cc v ph-ng trnh phn ng chung. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch sau khi in phn. c) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,0001 mol/L cn trung ha dung dch sau khi in phn. d) Hy cho bit nn dng cht ch th no xc nh im dng ca phn ng trung ha. Coi khi l-ng ring ca dung dch HNO3 long l 1 g/ml Cu V : Khi nung nng n nhit cao PCl5 b phn li theo ph-ng trnh PCl5 (k) PCl3 (k) + Cl2 (k) 1. Cho m gam PCl5 vo mt bnh dung tch V, un nng bnh n nhit T (K) xy ra phn ng phn li PCl5. Sau khi t ti cn bng p sut kh trong bnh bng p. Hy thit
*********************************************************************************************************************************
lp biu thc ca Kp theo phn li E v p sut p. Thit lp biu thc ca kc theo E, m, V. 2. Trong th nghim 1 thc hin nhit T1 ng-i ta cho 83,300 gam PCl5 vo bnh dung tch V1. Sau khi t ti cn bng o -c p bng 2,700 atm. Hn hp kh trong bnh c t khi so vi hiro bng 68,862. Tnh E v Kp. 3. Trong th nghim 2 gi nguyn l-ng PCl5 v nhit nh- th nghim 1 nh-ng thay V dung tch l V2 th o -c p sut cn bng l 0,500 atm. Tnh t s 2 . V1 4. Trong th nghim 3 gi nguyn l-ng PCl5 v dung tch bnh V1 nh- th nghim 1 nh-ng h nhit ca bnh n T3 = 0,9 T1 th o -c p sut cn bng l 1,944 atm. Tnh Kp v E. T cho bit phn ng phn li PCl5 thu nhit hay pht nhit. Cho: Cl = 35,453 ; P : 30,974 ; H = 1,008 ; Cc kh u l kh l t-ng. b gio dc v o to thpt nm hc 2002-2003 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 13 / 3 / 2003 Cu I: 1. Khi c mt enzim aconitaza, axit aconitic b hidrat ha to thnh axit A khng quang hot v axit B quang hot theo mt cn bng: H2O COOH HOOC H2O A B C C (C6H8O7) (C6H8O7) CH2COOH H 6% 90% Axit aconitic 4% a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A v B, ghi tn y ca chng v ca axit aconitic theo danh php IUPAC. Axit A c pKa: 3,1 ; 4,8 ; 6,4. Ghi cc gi tr pKa bn cnh nhm chc thch hp. b) Vit s iu ch A t axeton v cc cht v c cn thit. 2. Ozon phn mt tecpen A (C10H16) thu -c B c cu to nhsau: . CH CH2 CH O CH3 C CH2 CH k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp
12
O H3C
C CH3
Hidro ha A vi xc tc kim loi to ra hn hp sn phm X gm cc ng phn c cng thc phn t C10H20. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. b) Vit cng thc cc ng phn cu to trong hn hp X. c) Vit cng thc lp th dng bn ca cc ng phn trong hn hp X. Cu II: 1. Hp cht A (C5H11O2N) l mt cht lng quang hot. Kh A bng H2 c xc tc Ni s -c B (C5H13N) quang hot. Cho B tc dng vi axit HNO2 thu -c hn hp gm ancol C quang hot v ancol tert-amylic (2-metyl-2-butanol). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. Dng cng thc cu to, vit ph-ng trnh cc phn ng to thnh B, C v ancol tert-amylic t A. 2. Hp cht A (C5H9OBr) khi tc dng vi dung dch it trong kim to kt ta mu vng.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra 2 xeton B v C cng c cng thc phn t C5H8O. B, C u khng lm mt mu dung dch kalipemanganat lnh, ch c B to kt ta mu vng vi dung dch it trong kim. Cho B tc dng vi CH3MgBr ri vi H2O th -c D (C6H12O). D tc dng vi HBr to ra hai ng phn cu to E v F c cng thc phn t C6H11Br trong ch c E lm mt mu dung dch kali pemanganat lnh. Dng cng thc cu to, vit s phn ng t A to thnh B, C, D, E, F. Vit tn A v D theo danh php IUPAC. Cu III: 1. Hy ngh s phn ng vi y iu kin : a) t etylen v cc cht v c tng hp cc hp cht sau v sp xp chng theo th t tng dn nhit si: C2H5OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH (Etylcacbitol) ; O O O NH b) T benzen hoc toluen v cc cht v c tng Dioxan Mopholin hp -c cc d-c cht sau: Axit 4-amino-2hidroxibenzoic; axit 5-amino 2,4 dihidroxibenzoic. 2. a) Dng cng thc cu to, hy hon thnh s tng hp sau y:
C6 H 5 NH 2 2 p p COCl2 + CH3OH C2H3O2Cl B C8H8O4NSCl p
HOSO Cl
NH3 D p
H 3O C6H8O2N2S. p
b) Gii thch h-ng ca phn ng to thnh C8H8O4NSCl v C6H8O2N2S. Cu IV: TRF l tn vit tt mt homon iu khin hot ng ca tuyn gip. Thy phn hon ton 1 mol TRF thu -c 1 mol mi cht sau: N CH2-CH-COOH NH3 ; ; HOOC-CH -CH2-CH-COOH ; 2 NH2 COOH NH2 N N (Pro) (His) (Glu) H H Trong hn hp sn phm thy phn khng hon ton TRF c dipeptit His-Pro. Ph khi l-ng cho bit phn t khi ca TRF l 362 vC. Phn t TRF khng cha vng ln hn 5 cnh. 1. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to v vit cng thc Fis ca TRF. 2. i vi His ng-i ta cho pKa1 = 1,8 ; pKa2 = 6,0 ; pKa3 = 9,2. Hy vit cc cn bng in ly v ghi cho mi cn bng mt gi tr pKa thch hp. Cho 3 biu thc: pHI = (pKa1+pKa2+pKa3) : 3 ; pHI = (pKa1+pKa2) : 2 ; pHI = (pKa2+pKa3) : 2 ; biu thc no ng vi His, v sao? 3. Hy ngh s phn ng vi y iu kin tng hp axit (D, L) glutamic t hidrocacbon cha khng qu 2 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Cu V: isaccarit X (C12H22O11) khng tham gia phn ng trng bc, khng b thy phn bi enzim mantaza nh-ng b thy phn bi enzim emulsin. Cho X phn ng vi CH3I ri thy phn th ch -c 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-guloz. Bit rng: D-guloz l ng phn cu hnh C3 v C4 ca D-glucoz; mantaza xc tc cho s thy phn ch lin kt E -glicozit, cn emulsin xc tc cho s thy phn ch lin kt F -glicozit. 1. Vit cng thc lp th ca X. 2. Deoxi- D-guloz A (C6H12O5) -c chuyn ha theo 2 h-ng sau:
*********************************************************************************************************************************

HIO 4
1) LiAlH 4 2) H2O
H3O+
CH3OH, H+
Glixerin, 3-hidroxipropanal
B
HBr
C6H11BrO4 (E)
KOH
C6H10O4 (F) H2O/ DCl hn hp G
a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. b) Vit cng thc cu to ca B, C, D, E, F. c) Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht c trong hn hp G, bit phn t khi ca chng u ln hn 160 v nh hn 170 vC.
b gio dc v o to sinh gii quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2003-2004 thi chnh thc
k thi chn hc
Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 11 / 3 / 2004 Cu I 1. Vit ph-ng trnh ho hc cho mi tr-ng hp sau: a) Cho kh amoniac (d-) tc dng vi CuSO4.5H2 O. b) Trong mi tr-ng baz, H2O2 oxi ho Mn2+ thnh MnO2. c) Trong mi tr-ng axit, H2O2 kh MnO4- thnh Mn2+. 2. Trong s cc phn t v ion: CH2Br2, F - , CH2O, Ca2+, H3As, (C2 H5 )2O , phn t v ion no c th to lin kt hiro vi phn t n-c? Hy gii thch v vit s m t s hnh thnh lin kt . 3. a) U238 t phn r lin tc thnh mt ng v bn ca ch. Tng cng c 8 ht E -c phng ra trong qu trnh . Hy gii thch v vit ph-ng trnh phn ng chung ca qu trnh ny. b) Uran c cu hnh electron [Rn]5f36d17s2. Nguyn t ny c bao nhiu electron c thn? C th c mc oxi ho cao nht l bao nhiu? c) UF6 l cht lng d bay hi -c ng dng ph bin tch cc ng v uran. Hy vit ph-ng trnh phn ng c UF6 -c to thnh khi cho UF4 tc dng vi ClF3. Cu II 1. Trong nguyn t hoc ion d-ng t-ng ng c t 2 electron tr ln, electron chuyn ng trong tr-ng lc -c to ra t ht nhn nguyn t v cc electron khc. Do mi trng thi ca mt cu hnh electron c mt tr s nng l-ng. Vi nguyn t Bo (s n v in tch ht nhn Z = 5) trng thi c bn c s liu nhsau: Cu hnh electron 1s1 1s2 1s22s1 Nng l-ng (theo eV) - 340,000 - 600,848 - 637,874 Cu hnh electron 1s22s2 1s22s22p1 Nng l-ng (theo eV) - 660,025 - 669,800
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Trong : eV l n v nng l-ng; du - biu th nng l-ng tnh -c khi electron cn chu lc ht ht nhn. a) Hy trnh by chi tit v kt qa tnh cc tr s nng l-ng ion ho c th c ca nguyn t Bo theo eV khi dng d kin cho trong bng trn. b) Hy nu ni dung v gii thch qui lut lin h gia cc nng l-ng ion ho . 2. Nng l-ng lin kt ca N-N bng 163 kJ.mol1, ca N|N bng 945 kJ.mol1. T 4 nguyn t N c th to ra 1 phn t N4 t din u hoc 2 phn t N2 thng th-ng. Tr-ng hp no thun li hn? Hy gii thch. Cu III Dung dch A gm AgNO3 0,050 M v Pb(NO3)2 0,100 M. 1. Tnh pH ca dung dch A. 2. Thm 10,00 ml KI 0,250 M v HNO3 0,200 M vo 10,00 ml dung dch A. Sau phn ng ng-i ta nhng mt in cc Ag vo dung dch B va thu -c v ghp thnh pin (c cu mui tip xc hai dung dch) vi mt in cc c Ag nhng vo dung dch X gm AgNO3 0,010 M v KSCN 0,040 M. a) Vit s pin . b) Tnh sc in ng Epin ti 250C . c) Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra khi pin hot ng. d) Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng . AgOH + H+ (1) ; K1= 10 11,70 Cho bit : Ag+ + H2O Pb2+ + H2O PbOH+ + H+ (2) ; K2= 10 7,80 Ch s tch s tan pKs : AgI l 16,0 ; PbI2 l 7,86 ; AgSCN l 12,0 . RT 0 ln = 0,0592 lg EAg+ ; = 0 ,799 V F /Ag 3. Epin s thay i ra sao nu: a) thm mt l-ng nh NaOH vo dung dch B ; b) thm mt l-ng nh Fe(NO3)3 vo dung dch X? Cu IV 1. Kh CO gy c v tc dng vi hemoglobin (Hb) ca mu theo ph-ng trnh 3 CO + 4 Hb p Hb4 (CO)3 S liu thc nghim ti 200C v ng hc phn ng ny nhsau: Nng (Qmol. l-1) Tc phn hu Hb ( Qmol. l-1 .s-1 ) Hb CO 1,50 2,50 1,05 2,50 2,50 1,75 2,50 4,00 2,80 Hy tnh tc phn ng khi nng CO l 1,30; Hb l 3,20 (u theo Qmol.l-1) ti 200C . 2. Ng-i ta nung nng n 8000C mt bnh chn khng th tch 1 lt cha 10,0 gam canxi cacbonat v 5,6 gam canxi oxit. Hy tnh s mol kh cacbonic c trong bnh. Mun cho l-ng canxi cacbonat ban u phn hu ht th th tch ti thiu ca bnh phi bng bao nhiu? Bit ti nhit kh CO2 trong bnh c p sut l 0,903 atm . 3. Ti 200C, phn ng: H2 (k) + Br2 (lng) 2 HBr (k) (1) c hng s cn bng Kp = 9,0 .1016 . K hiu (k) ch trng thi kh. a) Hy tnh Kp ca phn ng: H2 (k) + Br2 (k) 2 HBr (k) (2) 0 t i 20 C v p su pBr (k) = 0,25 atm. t
2
b) Hy cho bit s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc ca phn ng (2) nu gim th tch bnh phn ng hai tr-ng hp: *) Trongbnh khng c Br2 (lng) ; **) Trongbnh c Br2 (lng).
*********************************************************************************************************************************
b gio dc v o to k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia thi chnh thc lp 12 thpt nm hc 2003-2004 Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 12 / 3 / 2004 Cu I 1. 3-metylbuten-1 tc dng vi axit clohidric to ra cc sn phm, trong c A l 2-clo-3metylbutan v B l 2-clo-2-metylbutan. Bng c ch phn ng, hy gii thch s to thnh hai sn phm A v B. a) 2. 2-metylbuten-2 phn ng vi axit clohidric. Trnh by c ch ca phn ng, cho bit sn phm chnh v gii thch? 3. Trong phn ng clo ho nh cht xc tc FeCl3 , kh nng phn ng t-ng i cc v tr khc nhau trong cc phn t biphenyl v benzen nhsau:
0 790 0 250 250 0 250 250 0 790 1 1 1 1 1 1
a) Trnh by c ch phn ng clo ho biphenyl theo h-ng -u tin nht. b) Tc monoclo ho biphenyl v benzen hn km nhau bao nhiu ln? c) Trong mt phn ng clo ho biphenyl thu -c 10 gam 2-clobiphenyl, s thu -c bao nhiu gam 4-clobiphenyl? Cu II 1. T etilen v propilen c xc tc axit, platin v iu kin cn thit, hy vit s tng hp isopren. 2. Cho s sau:
O CH2 C NBr C
Xiclohexanol HBr
A
3.
1. Li 2. CuI Br
CH2
O N H /O B (NBS) C 2 4 2
KOH C2H5OH
Vit cng thc cc sn phm hu c A, B, C v D. 3. T axetilen v cc ho cht v c cn thit, hy vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng to ra p(imetylamino)azobenzen:
CH3 N N N CH3
Cu III Monosaccarit A (t l glicoz A) c tn l (2S,3R , 4S , 5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahiroxihexanal. Khi un nng ti 1000C, A b tch n-c sinh ra sn phm B c tn l 1,6anhiroglicopiranoz. D glucoz khng tham gia phn ng ny. T A c th nhn -c cc sn phm E (C5H10O5) v G (C5H8O7) theo s phn ng:
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Br2 H2O
CaCO3
H2O2
HNO3
a) Vit cng thc Fis ca A v B. b) A tn ti 4 dng gh (D-glicopiranoz). Vit cng thc ca cc dng v cho bit dng no bn hn c? c) Dng cng thc cu dng biu din phn ng chuyn ho A thnh B. V sao Dglucoz khng tham gia phn ng tch n-c nh- A? d) Vit cng thc cu trc ca E v G. Hy cho bit chng c tnh quang hot hay khng? Cu V NH2 1. Cc aminoaxit phn ng vi nhau to thnh polipeptit. N Hy cho bit cu trc ca cc ipeptit to thnh t leuxin CH2 CH COOH (CH3)2CHCH2CH(NH2)COOH v histiin (hnh bn). N 2. Gi A, B l cc E-aminoaxit mi tr-ng axit, baz Histidin H t-ng ng v X l ion l-ng cc. a) Xc nh t s nng ca A v B im ng in. b) Vt alanin chuyn v cc no khi pH < 5 v pH > 8? c) Xc nh hm l-ng t-ng i ca ion l-ng cc X ca alanin im ng in, bit rng hng s axit ca alanin: pK1 = 2,35 i vi cn bng A X + H+ B + H+ . pK2 = 9,69 i vi cn bng X
b gio dc v o to gii quc gia
k thi chn hc sinh
lp 12 thpt nm hc 2004-2005 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 10 / 3 / 2005 Cu 1 (2 im): Bng dung dch NH3, ng-i ta c th lm kt ta hon ton ion Al3+ trong dung dch n-c dng hiroxit, nh-ng ch lm kt ta -c mt phn ion Mg2+ trong dung dch n-c dng hiroxit. Hy lm sng t iu ni trn bng cc php tnh c th. Cho bit: Tch s tan ca Al(OH)3 l 5.1033; tch s tan ca Mg(OH)2 l 4.1012; hng s phn ly baz ca NH3 l 1,8.105. Cu 2 (2 im): Nhng hai tm km, mi tm c khi l-ng 10 gam vo hai dung dch mui kim loi ho tr hai. Sau mt thi gian xc nh, ly hai tm km ra khi dung dch, ra sch, lm kh ri cn li. Kt qu cho thy mt tm c khi l-ng 9,5235 gam, tm kia c khi l-ng 17,091 gam. Cho bit: Mt trong hai dung dch mui kim loi ho tr hai l mui st (II); l-ng km tham gia phn ng hai dung dch l nh- nhau. 1. Gii thch hin t-ng xy ra mi dung dch. 2. Cho bit kim loi no tham gia vo thnh phn dung dch mui th hai.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu 3 (1,5 im): Hon thnh cc ph-ng trnh phn ng sau y: 1. NaCl + H2SO4 c, nng 2. NaBr + H2SO4 c, nng 3. NaClO + PbS 4. FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO2 5. KMnO4 + H2SO4 + HNO2 6. NaNO2 + H2SO4 long Cu 4 (4,5 im): pH = 0 v 25oC th in cc tiu chun Eo ca mt s cp oxi ho - kh -c cho nhsau: 2IO4/ I2 (r) 1,31 V ; 2IO3/ I2 (r) 1,19 V ; 2HIO/ I2 (r) 1,45 V ; I2 (r)/ 2I 0,54 V. (r) ch cht trng thi rn. 1. Vit ph-ng trnh na phn ng oxi ho - kh ca cc cp cho. 2. Tnh Eo ca cc cp IO4/ IO3 v IO3/ HIO 3. V ph-ng din nhit ng hc th cc dng oxi ho - kh no l bn, cc dng no l khng bn? Ti sao? 4. Thm 0,40 mol KI vo 1 lt dung dch KMnO4 0,24 M pH = 0 a) Tnh thnh phn ca hn hp sau phn ng. b) Tnh th ca in cc platin nhng trong hn hp thu -c so vi in cc calomen bo ho. 5. Tnh Eo ca cp IO3/ I2(H2O). I2(H2O) ch it tan trong n-c. o Cho bit: EMnO4/ Mn 2+ = 1,51 V ; E ca in cc calomen bo ho bng 0,244 V ; 25oC, lnRT = 0,0592 lg ; tan ca it trong n-c bng 5,0.10 4 M.
Cu 5 (2,5 im): Cc vi ht c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng: 3s1, 3s2, 3p3, 3p6 l nguyn t hay ion? Ti sao? Hy dn ra mt phn ng ho hc (nu c) minh ho tnh cht ho hc c tr-ng ca mi vi ht. Cho bit: Cc vi ht ny l ion hoc nguyn t ca nguyn t thuc nhm A v nhm VIII(0). Cu 6 (3,5 im): Mt bnh in phn cha dung dch NaOH (pH=14) v mt bnh in phn khc cha dung dch H2SO4 (pH = 0) 298K. Khi tng hiu in th t t hai cc mi bnh ng-i ta thy c kh ging nhau thot ra c hai bnh ti cng in th. 1. Gii thch hin t-ng trn. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra mi bnh (khng xt s to thnh H2O2 v H2S2O8). 2. Tnh hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo hai cc mi bnh cho qu trnh in phn xy ra. 3. Ng-i ta mun gim pH ca dung dch NaOH xung cn 11. C th dng NH4Cl -c khng? Nu -c, hy gii thch v tnh khi l-ng NH4Cl phi dng gim pH ca 1 lt dung dch NaOH t 14 xung cn 11. 4. Khi pH ca dung dch NaOH bng 11, th hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo hai cc ca bnh in phn cho qu trnh in phn xy ra l bao nhiu? o + E Cho bit: EH O, 1/2 O / 2OH = 0,4 V ,; 1/2oO / H O = 1,23 V ; pKb (NH3) = 4,75 2H
2
2
2
2
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu 7 (4 im): Ng-i ta thc hin phn ng 2 NO2 (k) + F2 (k) 2 NO2F (k) trong mt bnh kn c th tch V (c th thay i th tch ca bnh bng mt pttng). p sut ban u ca NO2 bng 0,5 atm, cn ca F2 bng 1,5 atm. Trong cc iu kin tc u vo = 3,2. 103 mol.L1.s1. 1. Nu thc hin phn ng trn cng nhit vi cng nhng l-ng ban u ca cht phn ng nh-ng thm mt kh tr vo bnh cho th tch thnh 2 V, cn p sut tng qut vn bng 2 atm, th tc u bng 8.104 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny c cho php thit lp ph-ng trnh ng hc (biu thc tc ) ca phn ng hay khng? 2. Ng-i ta li thc hin phn ng trn cng iu kin nhit vi cng nhng l-ng NO2, F2 v V kh tr nh- (1) nh-ng gim th tch xung bng . Tnh gi tr ca tc u vo . 3. Nu thay cho vic thm kh tr, ng-i ta thm NO2 vo 2cho p sut tng qut bng 4 atm v th tch bng V th tc u vo = 1,6.102 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny cho php kt lun nh- th no v ph-ng trnh ng hc ca phn ng? 4. D on c ch ca phn ng. b gio dc v o to sinh gii quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2004-2005 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng B Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 10 / 3 / 2005 Cu 1 (2 im): t chy kim loi magi trong khng kh. Cho sn phm thu -c tc dng vi mt l-ng ddung dch axit clohiric, un nng ri c dung dch n cn kh. Nung nng sn phm mi ny v lm ng-ng t nhng cht bay hi sinh ra trong qu trnh nung. Hy vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra trong th nghim trn v cho bit c nhng cht g trong sn phm ng-ng t -c. Cu 2 (2 im): Nhng hai tm km, mi tm c khi l-ng 10 gam vo hai dung dch mui kim loi ho tr hai. Sau mt thi gian xc nh, ly hai tm km ra khi dung dch, ra sch, lm kh ri cn li. Kt qu cho thy mt tm c khi l-ng 9,5235 gam, tm kia c khi l-ng 17,091 gam. Cho bit: Mt trong hai dung dch mui kim loi ho tr hai l mui st (II); l-ng km tham gia phn ng hai dung dch l nh- nhau. 1. Gii thch hin t-ng xy ra mi dung dch. 2. Cho bit kim loi no tham gia vo thnh phn dung dch mui th hai. Cu 3 (1,5 im): Hon thnh cc ph-ng trnh phn ng sau y: 1. NaCl + H2SO4 c, nng 2. NaBr + H2SO4 c, nng 3. NaClO + PbS 4. FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO2 5. KMnO4 + H2SO4 + HNO2 6. NaNO2 + H2SO4 long k thi chn hc
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu 4 (4 im): 1. Tnh in li ca ion CO32 trong dung dch Na2CO3 c pH =11,60 (dung dch A). 2. Thm 10,00 ml HCl 0,160 M vo 10,00 ml dung dch A. Tnh pH ca hn hp thu -c. 3. C hin t-ng g xy ra khi thm 1 ml dung dch bo ho CaSO4 vo 1 ml dung dch A. HCO3 + H+ ; K a1 = 106,35 Cho: CO2 + H2O HCO3 H+ + CO32 ; K a2 = 1010,33 tan ca CO2 trong n-c bng 3,0.102 M. Tch s tan ca CaSO4 bng 105,04; ca CaCO3 bng 108,35 Cu 5 (2,5 im): Cc vi ht c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng: 3s1, 3s2, 3p3, 3p6 l nguyn t hay ion? Ti sao? Hy dn ra mt phn ng ho hc (nu c) minh ho tnh cht ho hc c tr-ng ca mi vi ht. Cho bit: Cc vi ht ny l ion hoc nguyn t ca nguyn t thuc nhm A v nhm VIII(0). Cu 6 (3,5 im): Mt bnh in phn cha dung dch NaOH (pH=14) v mt bnh in phn khc cha dung dch H2SO4 (pH = 0) 298K. Khi tng hiu in th t t hai cc mi bnh ng-i ta thy c kh ging nhau thot ra c hai bnh ti cng in th. 1. Gii thch hin t-ng trn. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra mi bnh (khng xt s to thnh H2O2 v H2S2O8). 2. Tnh hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo hai cc mi bnh cho qu trnh in phn xy ra. 3. Ng-i ta mun gim pH ca dung dch NaOH xung cn 11. C th dng NH4Cl -c khng? Nu -c, hy gii thch v tnh khi l-ng NH4Cl phi dng gim pH ca 1 lt dung dch NaOH t 14 xung cn 11. 4. Khi pH ca dung dch NaOH bng 11, th hiu in th ti thiu phi t vo hai cc ca bnh in phn cho qu trnh in phn xy ra l bao nhiu? o Cho bit: EH O, 1/2 O / 2OH = 0,4 + ; Eo V = 1,23 V ; pKb (NH3) = 4,75
2
2
2H , 1/2 O2 / H2O
Cu 7 (4 im): Ng-i ta thc hin phn ng 2 NO2 (k) + F2 (k) 2 NO2F (k) trong mt bnh kn c th tch V (c th thay i th tch ca bnh bng mt pttng). p sut ban u ca NO2 bng 0,5 atm, cn ca F2 bng 1,5 atm. Trong cc iu kin tc u vo = 3,2. 103 mol.L1.s1. 1. Nu thc hin phn ng trn cng nhit vi cng nhng l-ng ban u ca cht phn ng nh-ng thm mt kh tr vo bnh cho th tch thnh 2 V, cn p sut tng qut vn bng 2 atm, th tc u bng 8.104 mol.L1.s1. Kt qu ny c cho php thit lp ph-ng trnh ng hc (biu thc tc ) ca phn ng hay khng? 2. Ng-i ta li thc hin phn ng trn cng iu kin nhit vi cng nhng l-ng NO2, F2 v V kh tr nh- (1) nh-ng gim th tch xung bng . Tnh gi tr ca tc u vo . 2 3. Nu thay cho vic thm kh tr, ng-i ta thm NO2 vo cho p sut tng qut bng 4 atm v 2 1 1 th tch bng V th tc u vo = 1,6.10 mol.L .s . Kt qu ny cho php kt lun nh- th no v ph-ng trnh ng hc ca phn ng? 4. D on c ch ca phn ng. b gio dc v o to sinh gii quc gia k thi chn hc
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:46 lp 12 thpt nm hc 2004-2005 thi chnh thc
Mn : ho hc Bng A Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 11 / 3 / 2005 Cu 1 (5.25 im): 1. Vit s iu ch cc axit sau y: a) Axit: benzoic, phenyletanoic, 3-phenylpropanoic t benzen v cc ho cht cn thit khc. b) Axit: xiclohexyletanoic, 1-metylxiclohexan-cacboxylic t metylenxiclohexan v cc ho cht cn thit khc. 2. Sp xp (c gii thch) theo trnh t tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht trong tng dy sau: a) Axit: benzoic, phenyletanoic, 3-phenylpropanoic, xiclohexyletanoic, 1-metylxiclohexan-cacboxylic. COOH CH2COOH COOH b)
N COOH ; N ; ;
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3. Sp xp (c gii thch) theo trnh t tng dn nhit nng chy ca cc cht sau:
COOH ; N COOH COOH
; (C)
(A)
(B)
Cu 2 (4 im): L-Prolin hay axit (S)-piroliin-2-cacboxylic c pK1 = 1,99 v pK2 = 10,60. Piroliin (C4H9N) l amin vng no nm cnh. 1. Vit cng thc Fis v cng thc phi cnh ca L-prolin. Tnh pHI ca hp cht ny. 2. Tnh gn ng t l dng proton ho H2A+ v dng trung ho HA ca prolin pH = 2,50. 3. Tnh gn ng t l dng eproton ho A v dng trung ho HA ca prolin pH = 9,70. 4. T metylamin v cc ho cht cn thit khc (benzen, etyl acrilat, natri etylat v cc cht v c), hy vit s iu ch N-metyl-4-phenylpiperiin. Cu 3 (3 im): Hp cht hu c A cha 79,59 % C; 12,25 % H; cn li l O ch chim mt nguyn t trong phn t. Ozon phn A thu -c HOCH2CH=O ; CH3[CH2]2COCH3 v CH3CH2CO[CH2]2CH=0. Nu cho A tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 ri mi ozon phn sn phm chnh sinh ra th ch thu -c hai sn phm hu c, trong s c mt xeton. un nng A vi dung dch axit d dng thu -c sn phm B c cng cng thc phn t nh- A, song khi ozon phn B ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht. 1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A. 2. Tm cng thc cu to ca B v vit c ch phn ng chuyn ho A thnh B.
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Cu 4 (4 im): 1. D-Galactoz l ng phn cu hnh v tr s 4 ca D-glucoz. Trong dung dch n-c Dgalactoz tn ti 5 dng cu trc khc nhau trong mt h cn bng. Hy dng cng thc cu hnh biu din h cn bng v cho bit dng no chim t l cao nht. 2. D-Galactoz l sn phm duy nht sinh ra khi thu phn hp cht A (C12H22O11). thc hin phn ng ny ch c th dng cht xc tc l axit hoc enzim F-galactoziaza. A khng kh -c dung dch Fehling, song tc dng -c vi CH3I trong mi tr-ng baz cho sn phm ri em thu phn th ch thu -c 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-galactoz. Hy tm cu trc ca A, vit cng thc vng phng v cng thc cu dng ca n. 3. un nng D-galactoz ti 165oC sinh ra mt hn hp sn phm, trong c mt l-ng nh hp cht B. Cho B tc dng vi CH3I (c baz xc tc) ri thu phn sn phm sinh ra th thu -c hp cht C l mt dn xut tri-O-metyl ca D-galactoz. Hy gii thch qu trnh hnh thnh B v vit cng thc Fis ca C.
O O HO OH OH
Cu 5 (3,75 im): 2-(1-Hiroxipentyl)xiclopentanon (A) l cht trung gian trong qu trnh tng hp mt cht dng lm h-ng liu l metyl (3-oxo-2-pentylxiclopentyl)axetat (B). 1. Vit cng thc cu to ca A v s cc phn ng tng hp A t axit aipic (hay axit hexanioic) vi cc cht khng vng v cc cht v c khc. 2. Vit cng thc cu to ca B v s cc phn ng tng hp B t A v cc ho cht cn thit khc. 3. B c tt c bao nhiu ng phn cu hnh? Hy vit cng thc lp th ca ng phn c cu hnh ton l R. b gio dc v o to thpt nm hc 2004-2005 thi chnh thc Mn : ho hc Bng B Thi gian : 180 pht ( khng k thi gian giao ) Ngy thi : 11 / 3 / 2005 Cu 1 (5.25 im): 1. Vit s iu ch cc axit sau y: a) Axit: benzoic, phenyletanoic, 3-phenylpropanoic t benzen v cc ho cht cn thit khc. b) Axit: xiclohexyletanoic, 1-metylxiclohexan-cacboxylic t metylenxiclohexan v cc ho cht cn thit khc. 2. Sp xp (c gii thch) theo trnh t tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht trong tng dy sau: a) Axit: benzoic, phenyletanoic, 3-phenylpropanoic, xiclohexyletanoic, 1-metylxiclohexan-cacboxylic. k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12
COOH ; N ;
COOH ;
CH2COOH
)
N COOH
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3. Sp xp (c gii thch) theo trnh t tng dn nhit nng chy ca cc cht sau:

COOH ;
*********************************************************************************************************************************
COOH
COOH
; (C)
(A)
(B)
L-Prolin hay axit (S)-piroliin-2-cacboxylic c pK1 = 1,99 v pK2 = 10,60. Piroliin (C4H9N) l amin vng no nm cnh. 1. Vit cng thc Fis v cng thc phi cnh ca L-prolin. Tnh pHI ca hp cht ny. 2. Tnh gn ng t l dng proton ho H2A+ v dng trung ho HA ca prolin pH = 2,50. 3. Tnh gn ng t l dng eproton ho A v dng trung ho HA ca prolin pH = 9,70. 4. T metylamin v cc ho cht cn thit khc (benzen, etyl acrilat, natri etylat v cc cht v c), hy vit s iu ch N-metyl-4-phenylpiperiin. Cu 3 (3 im): Hp cht hu c A cha 79,59 % C; 12,25 % H; cn li l O ch chim mt nguyn t trong phn t. Ozon phn A thu -c HOCH2CH=O ; CH3[CH2]2COCH3 v CH3CH2CO[CH2]2CH=0. Nu cho A tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 ri mi ozon phn sn phm chnh sinh ra th ch thu -c hai sn phm hu c, trong s c mt xeton. un nng A vi dung dch axit d dng thu -c sn phm B c cng cng thc phn t nh- A, song khi ozon phn B ch cho mt sn phm hu c duy nht. 1. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A. 2. Tm cng thc cu to ca B v vit c ch phn ng chuyn ho A thnh B. Cu 4 (4 im): 1. Dng c ch phn ng gii thch cc kt qu thc nghim sau: a) Hng s tc dung mi phn 3-metylbut-2-enyl clorua trong etanol ln hn dung mi phn anlyl clorua 6000 ln. b) Sau khi ho tan but-3-en-2-ol trong dung dch axit sunfuric ri yn mt tun th thu -c c but-3-en-2-ol v but-2-en-1-ol. c) X l but-2-en-1-ol vi hiro bromua th thu -c hn hp 1-brombut-2-en v 3-brombut-1-en. d) X l but-3-en-2-ol vi hiro bromua cng thu -c hn hp 1-brombut-2-en v 3-brombut-1-en. 2. Cho bit sn phm no l sn phm chnh trong mi hn hp sau khi x l but-2-en-1-ol, but-3en-2-ol vi hiro bromua trn? V sao? Cu 5 (3,75 im): 1. Vit cng thc chiu Fis ca dng mch h cc cht sau:
OH HOCH2 CH2 OH OH OH H2 C OH OH H3C OH OH OH HO OH OH
O
HO
O
OH HO OH
CH2OH
OH
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2. Trong cc cht (A), (B), (C), (D) trn, cht no: a) thuc dy L? b) l -ng eoxi? c) l -ng c mch nhnh? d) thuc loi xetoz? e) c dng furanoz? g) c cu hnh E nhm anomeric?
*********************************************************************************************************************************
Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:49 ----------------------------------------------------------o
o---------------------------------------------------------

Tong Hop de Thi Quoc Gia-1994-2005

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tong Hop de Thi Quoc Gia-1994-2005

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

S GIO D C O T O LM NG Tr ng THPT Chuyn Th ng Long L t

THI H C SINH GI I QU C GIA

Bin So n: Th y Nguy n Thnh Anh T tr ng b mn Ha H c

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:1

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:2

Cho H = 1, O = 16, Fe = 56 Hc sinh -c s dng bng HTTH cc nguyn t ho hc.

Bng A: Bng B: A. Cu hi l thuyt.

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:3

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:4

Cho Cu = 64; S = 32; Al = 27; O = 16; H = 1.

) Bng A: Lm tt c cc Cu hi l thuyt v Bi ton Bng B: B 2. trong Cu IV: 2. trong Bi ton

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:5

Cho Br = 80; O = 16; H = 1.

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:6

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:7

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:8

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:9

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:10

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:11

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:12

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:13

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:14

dd KMnO d- ,to C H5OH(d- ) dd HClp 4 2 p c) o-CH3C6H4CH3 G H I p H SO c, to 2 4 H SO c, 1400C dd NaOH, to p K 2 4 p d) o-BrCH2C6H4CH2Br L

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:15

CHO H HO H H OH H OH OH CH2OH (B) H HO HO H

CHO OH H H OH CH2OH (C)

B Gio Dc V o To thi chnh thc

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:16

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:17

(2) (2) (3) (4) b. CH4 CH3OH H-COOH H-CH=O H2CO3 p p p p

CH3CH3 CH(OCH3)2 + H2O Br Br

CH OH, HCl khan

1) dd NaOH, t H ,t p b) BrCH2CH2CH2COOH C D 2) dd HCl p

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:18

Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii THPT

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:19

thi chnh thc

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:20

Thi Quc Gia Chn HC SINH Gii

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:21

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:22

B Gio Dc V o To thi chnh thc

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:23

B Gio Dc V o To thi chnh thc

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:24

Na2Cr2O4 Cl2 (1 mol) Benzen (1mol) FeCl3 A H2O t0C, p B

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:25

k thi chn hc sinh gii

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:27

b gio dc v o to quc gia

k thi chn hc sinh gii

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:28

b gio dc v o to quc gia

k thi chn hc sinh gii

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:29

k thi chn hc sinh gii quc gia lp 12

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:30

b gio dc v o to gii quc gia

k thi chn hc sinh

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:31

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:32

b gio dc v o to quc gia lp 12 thpt nm hc 2001-2002 E THI CHNH THC

k thi chn hc sinh gii

Tuyen tap e thi hoc sinh gioi Quoc Gia Trang:33