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HCM
KHOA TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
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Bo Co Chuyn
BIN I KH HU
NH HNG CA BIN I KH HU
Trng i Hc Nng Lm
Bin i Kh Hu
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Phn II: MC LC
Phn
I: GII THIU: ....................................................................................................... 1
Phn II: MC LC .................................................................................................................. 2
I. BIN I KH HU: .................................................................................................. 5
I.1.
nh ngha: ............................................................................................................ 5
I.2.
Nguyn nhn.......................................................................................................... 5
I.3.
Mt s hin tng ca s bin i kh hu: ....................................................... 6
I.3.1.
Hin tng hiu ng nh knh:.................................................................... 6
I.3.1.1. Hiu ng nh knh l g? .......................................................................... 6
I.3.1.2. Nguyn nhn gy hiu ng nh knh: ..................................................... 6
I.3.1.3. Phn loi: ................................................................................................... 6
A. Hiu ng nh knh kh quyn: ..................................................................... 7
B. Hiu ng nh knh nhn loi: ...................................................................... 7
I.3.1.4. Nhng nh hng c th xy ra do hiu ng nh knh:........................ 7
I.3.1.5. Cc bin php gim tr hiu ng nh knh: ..................................... 8
I.3.2.
Ma acid:....................................................................................................... 9
I.3.2.1. Khi nim: ................................................................................................. 9
I.3.2.2. Nguyn nhn: ............................................................................................ 9
I.3.2.3. Qu trnh to nn ma acid:.................................................................. 10
Qu trnh ny din ra theo cc phn ng ho hc: ................................... 10
a. Lu hunh: .................................................................................................. 10
b. Nit: ..10
I.3.2.4. Tc ng : ................................................................................................ 11
A. Tc ng tiu cc:....................................................................................... 11
a. nh hng ca ma acid ln ao h v h thy sinh vt: .................... 11
b. nh hng ca ma acid ln thc vt v t: ..................................... 12
c. nh hng n kh quyn: .................................................................... 13
d. nh hng n cc cng trnh kin trc:............................................. 13
e. nh hng n cc vt liu: .................................................................. 14
f. nh hng ln ngi:............................................................................. 15
B. Tc ng tch cc :...................................................................................... 15
a. Ma axit lm mt tri t:..................................................................... 15
b. Cn bng h sinh thi rng: .................................................................. 16
I.3.2.5. Bin php phng nga v cch khc phc:.......................................... 16
I.3.2.6. Mt s bin php xut :..................................................................... 17
a. i vi SO2: ................................................................................................. 17
b. i vi NOx: ................................................................................................ 17
I.3.3.
Thng tng ozon: ........................................................................................ 18
I.3.3.1. Khi nim v tng ozon:......................................................................... 18
I.3.3.2. Vai tr ca tng zn: ............................................................................ 18
I.3.3.3. Nguyn nhn thng tng ozon:.............................................................. 18
I.3.3.4. Cc phn ng to thnh v phn hy ozon trong tng bnh lu: ...... 20
Phn ng to thnh ozon:.............................................................................. 20
Phn ng phn hy ozon:.............................................................................. 20
I.3.3.5. Tc hi ca vic thng tng zn: ......................................................... 21
I.3.3.6. Ngn chn s suy thoi tng ozon:........................................................ 21
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Vit Nam:......................................................................................................... 50
Th gii: ........................................................................................................... 50
B. Kinh t: ................................................................................................................ 51
Vn ca th gii: ....................................................................................... 51
Vn ca Vit Nam:.................................................................................... 54
III.
PHNG HNG GII QUYT....................................................................... 55
I.1.
Phng hng-Chin lc: ............................................................................... 55
I.2.
Bin php:............................................................................................................ 56
KT LUN - KIN NGH: .................................................................................. 56
IV.
V. NGUN THAM KHO............................................................................................. 57
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BIN I KH HU:
I.1. nh ngha:
Bin i kh hu l nhng nh hng c hi ca bin i kh hu, l nhng bin
i trong mi trng vt l hoc sinh hc gy ra nhng nh hng c hi ng k n
thnh phn, kh nng phc hi hoc sinh sn ca cc h sinh thi t nhin v c
qun l hoc n hot ng ca cc h thng kinh t - x hi hoc n sc khe v
phc li ca con ngi.(Theo cng c chung ca LHQ v bin i kh hu).
CO2 pht thi khi t chy nhin liu ha thch (than, du, kh) v l ngun
kh nh knh ch yu do con ngi gy ra trong kh quyn. CO2 cng sinh ra
t cc hot ng cng nghip nh sn xut xi mng v cn thp.
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A.
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thun li pht trin. Trong khi nhiu loi b thu hp v din tch hoc b tiu
dit.
Sc khe: Nhiu loi bnh tt mi i vi con ngi xut hin, cc loi dch
bnh lan trn, sc kho ca con ngi b suy gim. S ngi cht v nng c th
tng do nhit cao trong nhng chu k di hn trc. S thay i lng ma
v nhit c th y mnh cc bnh truyn nhim.
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I.3.2. Ma acid:
I.3.2.1. Khi nim:
Ma acid l ma c tnh acid do mt s cht kh ha tan trong nc ma to
thnh cc acid khc nhau. Trong t nhin, ma c tnh acid ch yu v trong nc ma
c CO2 ha tan ( t hi th ca ng vt v c mt t Cl- ( t nc bin) v c pH
di 5.L s lng ng thnh phn axt trong nhng cn ma, sng m, tuyt, bng,
hi nc
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a. Lu hunh:
S + O2 SO2
Qu trnh t chy lu hunh trong kh oxi s sinh ra lu hunh ixt.
SO2 + OH- HOSO2
Phn ng ho hp gia lu hunh ixt v cc hp cht gc hirxt.
HOSO2- + O2 HO2- + SO3
Phn ng gia hp cht gc HOSO2- v O2 s cho ra hp cht gc HO2- v SO3 (lu
hunh trixt).
SO3(k) + H2O(l) H2SO4(l) ;
Lu hunh trixt SO3 s phn ng vi nc v to ra axt sulfuric H2SO4. y
chnh l thnh phn ch yu ca ma axt.
b. Nit:
N2 + O2 2NO
2NO + O2 2NO2
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S qu trnh to ma axit
I.3.2.4. Tc ng :
A. Tc ng tiu cc:
a. nh hng ca ma acid ln ao h v h thy sinh vt:
Ma acid nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip n cc ao h v h thy sinh vt.
Ma acid ri trn mt t s ra tri cc cht dinh dng trn mt t v mang cc kim
loi c xung ao h. Ngoi ra vo ma xun khi bng tan, acid (trong tuyt) v kim
loi nng trong bng theo nc vo cc ao h v lm thay i t ngt pH trong ao h,
hin tng ny gi l hin tng "sc" acid vo ma Xun. Cc thy sinh vt khng
thi gian thch ng vi s thay i ny. Thm vo ma Xun l ma nhiu loi
trng v mt s loi khc sng trn cn cng trng v u trng ca n sng trong
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pH < 5,5
pH < 5,0
Qun th c b cht
pH < 4,0
Hn na, do hin tng tch t sinh hc, khi con ngi n cc loi c c cha
c t, cc c t ny s tch t trong c th con ngi v gy nguy him i vi sc
kho con ngi. trong cc ao h, lng th cng b nh hng, chng khng th sinh
sn c trong mi trng acid.
b. nh hng ca ma acid ln thc vt v t:
Mt trong nhng tc hi nghim trng ca ma acid l cc tc hi i vi thc
vt v t. Khi c ma acid, cc dng cht trong t s b ra tri. Cc hp cht cha
nhm trong t s phng thch cc ion nhm v cc ion ny c th hp th bi r cy
v gy c cho cy. Nh chng ta ni trn, khng phi ton b SO2 trong kh
quyn c chuyn ha thnh acid sulfuric m mt phn ca n c th lng ng tr
li mt t di dng kh SO2. Khi kh ny tip xc vi l cy, n s lm tt cc th
soma ca l cy gy cn tr qu trnh quang hp. Mt th nghim trn cy Vn Sam
(cy l kim) cho thy, khi phun mt hn hp acid sulfuric v acid nitric c pH t 2,5 4,5 ln cc cy Vn Sam con s lm xut hin v pht trin cc vt tn thng c mu
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c. nh hng n kh quyn:
Cc ht sulphate, nitrate to thnh trong kh quyn s lm hn ch tm nhn. Cc
sng m acid lm nh hng n kh nng lan truyn nh sng Mt tri. Bc cc,
n nh hng n s pht trin ca a y, do nh hng n qun th Tun lc
v Nai tuyt - loi ng vt n a y.
d. nh hng n cc cng trnh kin trc:
Cc ht acid khi ri xung nh ca v cc bc tng iu khc s n mn
chng. V d nh ta nh Capitol Ottawa b tan r bi hm lng SO2 trong khng
kh qu cao. Vo nm 1967, cy cu bc ngang sng Ohio sp lm cht 46 ngi;
nguyn nhn cng l do ma acid.
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e. nh hng n cc vt liu:
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f. nh hng ln ngi:
Cc cht acid nu trn trong khng kh rt nguy hi i vi c th sng v
chng c the hy dit s sng. Ma acid c th gy ra s tn ph i vi h thn kinh
v gy bnh thn kinh i vi con ngi. iu ny xy ra l v cc sn phm ca cc
acid l cc hn hp rt c hi ha tan trong nc ung. Cc tc hi trc tip ca vic
nhim do cc cht kh acid ln ngi bao gm cc bnh v ng h hp nh: suyn,
ho g v cc triu chng khc nh nhc u, au mt, au hng ... Cc tc hi gin tip
sinh ra do hin tng tch t sinh hc cc kim loi trong c th con ngi t cc ngun
thc phm b nhim cc kim loi ny do ma acid.
B.
Tc ng tch cc :
a. Ma axit lm mt tri t:
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nhien cua vi khuan trong am lay. Methane chiem 27% trong cac yeu to gay nen
hieu ng nha knh, va cac vi khuan am lay la thu pham chnh .Chung tieu thu
chat nen (gom co hidro va axetat) trong than bun roi giai phong ra kh metan ,con vi
khuan an sunfua canh tranh thc an vi chung .Khi ma axit o xuong ,nhom vi
khuan nay se dung sunfua,ong thi tieu thu luon phan chat nen ang l danh cho vi
khuan sinh metan. Do vay cac cap vi khuan cua metan b oi va san xuat ra t kh
nha knh .Nhieu th nghiem cho thayphan sunfua lang ong co the lam giam qua
trnh sinh ra metan ti 30%. Nghien cu m cuaVincent Gauci va cong s thuoc
ai Hoc M (Anh) thc hien .Nhom tac gia a nhan ra c hien tng lu huynh
at che qua trnh sinh ra metan t nam 1960.nam 2004 no lam giam lng metan t
175 xuong con 160 trieu tan.
b. Cn bng h sinh thi rng:
S thiu vng cc trn ma axit cng c th gy ra nhiu vn vi mi
trng.V lng cacbon dioxide ngy cng tng trong sng sui l loi kh gy ra qu
trnh axit ho cc ngun nc tinh khit.
e giam lng kh thai SO2 t cac nha may nhiet ien xuong con 7.84 ty tan
nam 2020,trc nam 2005 phai lap at he thong kh sunfua ay cung la
mot giai phap han che ma axit ma nha nc Trung Quoc a e ra nam
ngoai .Cac nha may nhiet ien khi lap at he thong nay se ban ien vi gia
cao hn.tuy nhien quy nh nay khong de thc hien vi cac nha may nhiet
ien a lau i,v chi ph lap at he thong nay la qua ln no chiem khoang
1/3 tong au t xay dng mot nha may nhiet ien.
Xay dng cac bien phap chuan xac hn e d bao mc o cua cac chat gay
o nhiem trong kh quyen va nong o cac kh nha knh co kha nang gay ra
s can thiep oi vi he thong kh hau va oi vi moi trng noi chung.
Hien ai hoa cac he thong nang lng ang ton tai e tao ra tnh hieu suat
nang kng ,va phat trien cac ngun nang lng mi ,tai sinh nh nang
lng mat tri nang lng gio ,thuy trieu ,sc ong vat va sc ngi
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Giup nhan dan hieu biet ve viec lam the nao e phat trien va s dung
cac nang lng co hieu suat hn va t o nhiem hn .ieu phoi cac ke hoach
nang lng khu vc de lam sao cac dang nang lng phu hp ve mat moi
trng co the c tao ra va phan phoi mot cach hieu qua.
ay manh viec anh gia moi trng va cac cach ra quyet nh khac e lam
sao tong hoa c cac chnh sachve nang lng ,moi trng va kinh te vi
nhau theo mot cach ben vng.
Phat trien cac chng trnh nhan hieu hoa ve tnh hieu suat nang lng cho
ngi tieu dung biet.
Nang cao cac tieu chuan ve quoc gia ve hieu suat nang lng va kh phat
thai va nang cao nhan thc cua cong chung ve cac he thong nang lng phu
hp ve mat moi trng .
Phat trien giao thong van tai cong cong cac thanh pho va nong thon theo
hng hieu quare tien t o nhiem va an toan ,cung vi nhan dan ban x va
cac cong ong a phng khac.
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2O
O3 + M
O2+O
2O2
XO + O2
X + O2
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CH3+HCl
M + ClONO2
M + HNO3
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nhng bng chng r rng cho thy tnh trng chy rng trn lan hin nay c ngun
gc t s bin i kh hu.
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3. c:
TT - Gary Morgan, ngi ng u Trung tm Nghin cu chy rng ca c,
cho bit: Bin i kh hu, thi tit v hn hn lm thay i cc v chy rng v
trng thi, mc d di v di. Nghin cu t Cc Kh tng ca c v C quan
khoa hc Chnh ph c tin on vo nm 2050 ti ng nam nc c, s ngy c cc
trn chy rng ln nh hng ti i sng con ngi s tng ln gp i.
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I.3.5. L lt hn hn:
I.3.5.1. Bo:
A. Khi nim:
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B.
I.3.5.2. L:
A. S hnh thnh l:
L l hin tng nc sng dng cao trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, sau
gim dn (hnh 1 v 2)
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B.
nh hng:
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Vo thng 8-2008, l qut xut hin ti cc tnh pha Bc, s ngi cht do
ma l ln ti 97 ngi, lm nhiu tuyn ng b t lit, h hng nng; hn 300
cn nh ti cc tnh b sp , cun tri; 4.230 cn nh b ngp, h hi; 8.698 ha la,
hoa mu b thit hi
Thng 6-2009: Ma ln khu vc thng ngun gy ra l qut kinh hong
3 x Yn Tnh, Yn Ha, Yn Na thuc huyn Tng Dng (Ngh An) khin 5 ngi
thit mng, 157 ngi nh ngp chm trong nc v bn t, hng chc ha la, hoa mu
b cun tri, 2 cng trnh thy li, 14 cng trnh nc sinh hot b h hng nng. Tng
thit hi c tnh ln n hn 25 t ng.
Thng 7-2009: L qut ti Mng T lm 4 ngi cht, thit hi nhiu cng
trnh giao thng, thy li, ao nui thy sn v rung la vi c tnh trn 7 t ng.
V mi y nht, thng 9-2009 cn bo s 9 vi sc tn ph kinh hong t Hu vo
n Nng, Qung Nam, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh v ngc ln cc tnh Kon Tum,
Gia Lai Ty Nguyn. Theo thng k bc u lm 31 ngi cht, 3 ngi mt
tch, thit hi hng ngn t ng cng nhiu c s vt cht.
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I.3.5.3. Hn hn:
A. Khi nim:
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B.
Nguyn nhn:
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tng do s pht trin kinh t-x hi cc khu vc, cc vng cha c quy hoch hp l
hoc quy hoch pht trin khng ph hp vi mc pht trin ngun nc, khng hi
ho vi t nhin, mi trng vn vn tn ti lu nay.
Mc nghim trng ca hn hn thiu nc cng tng cao do ngun nc d
b tn thng, suy thoi li chu tc ng mnh ca con ngi.
Nhng tc hi ca hn hn nh hng n Vit Nam:
Hn hn c tc ng to ln n mi trng, kinh t, chnh tr x hi v sc kho
con ngi.
Hn hn l nguyn nhn dn n i ngho, bnh tt thm ch l chin tranh do
xung t ngun nc.
Hn hn tc ng n mi trng nh hu hoi cc loi thc vt, cc loi ng
vt, qun c hoang d, lm gim cht lng khng kh, nc, lm chy rng, xi l
t. Cc tc ng ny c th ko di v khng khi phc c.
Hn hn tc ng n kinh t x hi nh gim nng sut cy trng, gim din
tch gieo trng, gim sn lng cy trng, ch yu l sn lng cy lng thc. Tng
chi ph sn xut nng nghip, gim thu nhp ca lao ng nng nghip. Tng gi thnh
v gi c cc lng thc. Gim tng gi tr sn phm chn nui.
Cc nh my thu in gp nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Vit Nam, hn hn xy ra vng ny hay vng khc vi mc v thi gian
khc nhau, gy ra nhng thit hi to ln i vi kinh t-x hi, c bit l ngun
nc.Khi hn hn xy ra nc trong sng ngi, ao, h, v nc di t cn kit,
khng cung cp cho nhu cu sinh hot, sn xut nng nghip v duy tr pht trin
bn vng ca mi trng sinh thi.
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Hnh 7: Bn hn hn nm 1998
Theo thng k cha y , n cui thng 4 nm 2005, tng thit hi do hn
hn gy ra cc tnh Nam Trung B v Ty Nguyn ln ti trn 1.700 t ng.
Chnh ph phi cp 100 t ng h tr cc a phng khc phc hu qu hn hn
thiu nc v 1500 tn go cu i cho nhn dn.
Vng BSCL, thit hi do hn hn, xm mn ti 720 t ng. Trn sng Tin,
sng Hm Lung, sng C Chin, sng Hu, mn xm nhp su t 6080 km. Ring
sng Vm C, mn xm nhp su ti mc k lc: 120- 140km.
Phng chng hn hn
Theo di hn: Nc ta c mt mng li gn 200 trm kh tng mt t v gn
1000 trm o ma, trong c mt s trm t ng. Lng ma v yu t kh tng
lin quan n hn hn u c cc trm theo di, quan trc, tnh ton cp nht v pht
hin nhng bin ng bt thng
D bo hn: Khc vi cc thin tai khc, hn pht trin chm v thng ch
c pht hin khi con ngi t nhiu b nh hng bi hn cc nh khoa hc
phc ha c mt vi cn c khoa hc quan trng gip ch cho d bo hn
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I.3.6. Sa mc ha:
Mt trong nhng thch thc ln nht m nhn loi phi i mt l hin tng sa
mc ha (theo Tng Th k Lin hp quc (LHQ) Ban Ki Mun). y l mt vn
ton cu ang tc ng n 1/3 tri t v e da cuc sng ca 1,2 t ngi trn hnh
tinh.
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I.3.5.1. nh ngha:
Sa mc ha l hin tng suy thoi t ai nhng vng kh hn, bn kh hn,
vng m na kh hn, gy ra bi sinh hot con ngi v bin i kh hu.
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7 triu
Phn b
Ton quc
n v bi ct di ng
400.000
t b xi mn
120.000
Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn
30.000
300.000
I.3.5.4. Tc ng:
nh hng ln nht ca nn sa mc ha l nt a dng sinh thi b suy gim v
nng sut t ai cng km i.
Tc ng ca hin tng ny tht khn lng, n nh hng n kinh t, mi
trng. Cc cn bo c th cun bi t sa mc Xa-ha-ra v gy bnh h hp, au mt
cho nhng ngi dn tn Bc M. Cc nh khoa hc trng H Oxfort c tnh, mi
nm trn 3 t tn bi t cc sa mc trn th gii c tung vo kh quyn v hin lng
bi t sa mc Xa-ha-ra tung vo kh quyn cao hn gp 10 ln so vi cui nhng nm
1940. Hng nm, sa mc ha lm cho nn kinh t th gii thit hi khong 48 t USD,
trong chu Phi thit hi 9 t USD. Sa mc ha cn ko theo s gia tng ca bnh tt,
i ngho v s y 65 triu ngi dn chu lc ny phi di c t nay n nm 2025.
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Ngoi kiu sng khi London, cn c mt kiu sng khi khc tng honh
hnh ti nhiu thnh ph ln khc vng v thp. Sng khi dng ny ln u tin
gy nh hng ng k Los Angeles. Tuy nhin sau , s c sng khi xy ra
thnh ph Mexico v Baghdad li l cc trng hp tc hi mnh nht.
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nn sng khi kiu ny thng c dng khi l m mu nu, khc vi sng khi
kiu London c mu en. i vi ng vt v con ngi, sng khi quang ha kch
thch gy cay bng mt, kh qun, phi v ng h hp ni chung. i vi thc vt,
sng khi quang ha ngn cn qu tr.nh quang hp, lm gim nng sut cy trng.
Sng khi quang ha c th gy lo ha, ct mch cao su, n mn kim loi v nhiu
loi vt liu khc.
Ti nguyn t:
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B.
Ti nguyn nc:
Th gii:
Vit Nam:
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ton. Lu lng nc sng Mkng gim t 2 24% trong ma kh, tng t 7- 15%
vo ma l. Hn hn s xut hin nhiu hn. Nc l s cao hn ti cc tnh An Giang,
ng Thp, Long An, Tin Giang, Kin Giang, Vnh Long, TP Cn Th, Hu Giang,
thi gian ngp l ti y s ko di hn hin nay. Vic tiu thot nc ma ma l
cng kh khn. Suy gim ti nguyn nc s nh hng nghim trng n sn xut
nng nghip, ngh c. Qu trnh xm nhp mn vo ni ng s su hn, tp trung ti
cc tnh ven bin gm C Mau, Bc Liu, Sc Trng, Tr Vinh, Bn Tre, Tin Giang,
Long An v nc ngt s khan him.
Tm li, khan him v thiu nc l mi e do rt nghim trng i vi s tn
ti ca con ngi trong tng lai. V l , cn c cc gii php qun l, khai thc v
bo v tt ti nguyn nc. Trc ht, cn phi cng c, b sung mng li iu tra
quan trc ti nguyn nc, bao gm c nc mt v nc di t, c lng v cht,
hnh thnh mng li quan trc iu tra ti nguyn nc thng nht trong phm vi c
nc, tin hnh kim k nh gi ti nguyn nc trong cc lu vc sng, cc vng v
ton lnh th. Trn c s kim k nh gi ti nguyn nc v cn bng kinh t nc
m xy dng chin lc, chnh sch pht trin bn vng ti nguyn nc quc gia ni
chung v cho cc lu vc ni ring. Cn thc hin nghim chnh Lut Ti nguyn
Nc v y mnh hot ng ca Hi ng Ti nguyn Nc Quc gia v Ban qun l
lu vc cc sng.
Ni la: phun ra nhng nham thch nng v nhiu khi, kh CO2, CO,
bi gau sulphua, ngoi ra cn metan v mt s kh khc. Bi c
phun cao v lan ta rt xa.
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D. Sinh quyn:
a. Nguyn nhn bin i a dng sinh hc ch yu do cc hot ng
ca con ngi:
Thay i l sinh hc: con ngui lm cho cc h sinh thi v sinh cnh b
bin i v phn mnh.
-
b. Hin trng:
Mt a dng sinh hc ngy nay ang din ra mt cch nhanh chng cha tng
c, k t thi k cc loi khng long b tiu dit cch y khong 65 triu nm v tc
bin mt ca cc loi hin nay c tnh gp khong 100 ln so vi tc mt cc
loi trong lch s Tri t, v trong nhng thp k sp ti mc bin mt ca cc
loi s gp 1.000 -10.000 ln (MA 2005) . C khong 10% cc loi bit c trn
th gii ang cn phi c nhng bin php bo v, trong c khong 16.000 loi
c xem l ang c nguy c b tiu dit. Trong s cc loi thuc cc nhm ng vt
c xng sng chnh c nghin cu kh k, c hn 30% cc loi ch nhi, 23%
Bin i Kh Hu
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cc loi th v 12% cc loi chim (IUCN 2005), nhng thc t s loi ang nguy cp
ln hn rt nhiu.
Tnh trng nguy cp ca cc loi khng phn b u gia cc vng trn th gii.
Cc vng rng m nhit i c s loi nguy cp nhiu nht, trong c nc ta, ri
n cc vng rng kh nhit i, vng ng c min ni. S phn b ca cc loi nguy
cp nc ngt cha c nghin cu k, nhng kt qu nghin cu mt s vng cho
bit rng cc loi nc ngt nhn chung c nguy c b tiu dit cao hn rt nhiu so
vi cc loi trn t lin (Smith v Darwall 2006, Stein v cs. 2000). Ngh khai thc
thu sn b suy thoi nghim trng, v c n 75% ng trng trn th gii b
khai thc cn kit hay khai thc qu mc ( GEO 4, 2007).
c tnh c khong 60% kh nng dch v cho s sng trn Tri t ca cc
h sinh thi nh ngun nc ngt, ngun c, iu chnh khng kh v nc, iu
chnh kh hu vng, iu chnh cc thin tai v dch bnh t nhin b suy thoi hay
s dng mt cch khng bn vng. Cc nh khoa hc cng cnh bo rng tc ng
tiu cc ca nhng suy thoi ni trn s pht trin nhanh chng trong khong 50 nm
sp ti. (Hans van Ginkel, 2005 )
Vit Nam:
Th gii:
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Hng triu ngi sng trong cc khu nh chut tr thnh nn nhn tim
tng ca cc cn bo hoc cung phong. Cn bo Katrina lm thit
mng 1850 ngi M, cn cn bo Nargis ly i sinh mng ca gn
150.000 ngi Birma.
B.
Kinh t:
Vn ca th gii:
Bin i Kh Hu
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Bin i Kh Hu
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I.2.
Bin php:
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Bin i Kh Hu
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