V Vn Bit BI TP : HIDROCACBON BI TP T LUN Bi 1: T than , vi ( cc nguyn liu v c , iu kin phn ng c ), hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch : PE, PVC, Cao

o su Buna Bi 2: Hon thnh cc phn ng theo s

a. CH4 C2H2 C4H4
to, xt
- H2

C4H6
C D E
+ Br2 + Br2

polibutadien

C4H6Br2 (mocha t t) C4H6Br2 (hai cha t) ketu t a C2H6 PVC CH2Cl

b. C4H10 - H

to, xt
2

A B

to, xt
- H2

+ AgNO3, NH 3

? c. CaCO3 d. CH2 ? CaC2 C2H2 ? CH2 CH3 e. canxi cacbonat canxi oxit etilen clo etan etan f. (A) (B) (D) (D) (B) (F)
t c o a
o

CH3 CH2OH canxi cacbua axetilen vinyl axetilen (B) +

vinyl clorua cloropren (C)

PVC cao su cloropren

o + H2 Pd, t (D) t p xt , , P.E

+ +

H2O HCl

t , xt

(E) (F)

t p xt , ,

(G)

Bi 3: Cho cc kh sau : mtan, eten v tin. a. Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit tng kh trn khi ng chng trong 3 l mt nhn. b. Bng phng php ha hc hy tch ri cc kh trong hn hp cha 3 kh trn. Bi 4: Hiroocacbon A thuc dy ng ng no , nu t chy A m t l s mol b ca CO2 v H2O c gi tr : b = 0,8; b = 1; b = 2.
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V Vn Bit Bi 5: Hn hp A gm C2H4 v H2 c dA/ H2 = 7,5 . em hn hp A qua Ni, to thu c hn hp B c d B/ H2 = 9. a. Gii thch ti sao t khi hi tng. b. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp A, B. c. Tnh hiu sut phn ng. Bi 6: t chy hon ton 1 th tch hircacbon A cn 7,5 th tch O2 . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. ( cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Bi 7: t chy hon ton hn hp kh A gm 2 anken iu kin thng th nhn thy t l th tch gia A v oxi tham gia phn ng l 21/93. Bit anken c khi lng mol phn t cao c th tch chim khong 40% n 50% th tch hn hp. a. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 anken. b. Tnh % th tch ca tng anken trong hh u. Bi 8: Mt hn hp kh X gm mt ankin A v mt anken B. Cho thm va X mt lng kh H2 ta c hn hp Y c th tch 26,88 lt ( ktc) . Dn Y qua Ni, to n phn ng hon ton, ta c hn hp kh Z ch c hai ankan ( khng c H2) Mt khc, nu t chy ht X th cho ta 1,3 mol CO2 v 1,1 mol H2O. a. Tnh s mol mi cht trong Y. b. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B v tnh khi lng A, B trong X. Bi 9: t chy hon ton m gam mt hircacbon bng mt lng oxi va thu c hn hp sn phm c t khi hi i vid hir bng 115/7 ; cho ton b sn phm trn hp th bi 600 gam dung dch NaOH 4 % th khi lng dung dch tng 23 gam so vi u. a. Tnh s mol CO2 v H2O to thnh sau phn chy v m gam. b. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch cui. c. Bit hircacbon trn l ankin c phn ng th bng ion kim loi vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 . Xc nh CPPT v CTCT ca n. . Bi 10: hn hp A gm 2 Hircacbon mch h trong cu to ch c mt lin kt cha no . em 336 ml hn hp A cho qua dung dch brm d th lng bnh brm tng x gam, lng brm tham gia phn ng ht 3,2 gam v khng c kh thot ra, cn nu em 336ml hn hp A t chy th to thnh y gam H2O v 1,76 gam CO2 . Th tch cc kh o ktc. a. Tm thnh phn % th tch hn hp A v tnh x, y. b. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 Hrcacbon trn, Bit hn hp A khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3. Bi 11: Hn hp X gm hai anken A v B ( MA< MB) , t khi hi ca X i vi H2 l 19,6. Trong X s mol B chim 40 % s mol hn hp X. a. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A, B. Bit B c ng phn cis-trans. b. Nu cho lng X trn tc dng vi dd Brm d , tht c 80 gam Br 2 tham gia phn ng. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca A, B trong X. Bi 12: t chy hon ton 8,96 lt ( ktc) hn hp A gm 2 anken ng ng k tip , cho sn phm chy qua bnh (I) ng H2SO4 c v bnh (II) ng KOH c , khi lng bnh (II) tng hn khi lng bnh (I) l 39 gam. a. Tnh th tch kh oxi ( ktc) t chy hai anken trn. b. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anken v Tnh % theo th tch ca mi anken trong hn hp.
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V Vn Bit c. em hn hp 2 anken trn phn ng vi dung dch HCl d , ta ch thu c 3 sn phm . Xc nh CTCT ca 2 anken. Bi 13: Hn hp A gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. em 22, 4 lt hh A li qua dd brm d th thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh ng dung dch brm tng ln 28 gam. t chy hon ton kh thot ra ri dn qua dung dch NaOH th thu c 106 gam Na2CO3 v 84 gam NaHCO3. Th tch cc kh o ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan v anken ( HD . C4H10 v C4H8) Bi 14: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankin A, B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng, ton b sn phm c hp th vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy khi lng bnh dung dch Ca(OH)2 tng thm 27,4 gam v c 50 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT A,B; s mol A, B trong hn hp. Bi 15: em 28,2 gam hn hp 3 ankin c s nguyn t C lin tip nhau trn vi hir d ri dn qua Ni, to sau phn ng th tch hn hp kh gim i 26,88 lt (ktc) a. Xc nh CTPT c th c ca 3 ankin. b. Hy xc nh nghim ca bi ton nu c mt cht to c benzen khi trng hp. c. Tnh phn trm mi kh trong hn hp u bit rng s mol ca 1 ankin ln gp i tng s mol ca 2 ankin cn li. Bi 16: Mt hn hp kh A gm 2 Hrcacbon X, Y c cng s nguyn t C, khi t chy hon ton 8,4 gam A th thu c 10,8 gam H2O. dA/N2 = 1,5. a. Lp lun tm s nguyn t C ca X, Y. b. Xc nh CTPT X, Y v % th tch ca hn hp A. Bi 17: t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm 2 Hircacbon thuc cc dy ng ng : ankan, anken, ankin c t l khi lng mol phn t l 22: 13, ri cho ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d th thy khi lng bnh tng 46,5 gam v c 147,75 gam kt ta. a. Hai Hrcacbon trn thuc dy ng ng no ?. b. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 Hidrocacbon trn v tnh % th tch tng cht trong hn hp. Bi 18: t chy hon ton 0,1mol mt anken , ton b sn phm chy c cho qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 th thu c 20 gam kt ta v dung dch B, un nng dung dch B th thu thm 10 gam kt ta na. Xc nh CTPT an ken.( S .C4H8) Bi 19: Hn hp X gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Cho 1680ml X li chm qua dung dch Br2 thy lm mt mu va dung dch cha 4g Br 2 v cn li 1120ml kh (ktc). Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 1680ml X ri cho sn phm chy i vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 12,5g kt ta. CTPT ca cc hirocacbon . Bi 20: Hn hp A gm 1 ankan , 1 anken v H2. em 1120 ml hn hp A qua Ni, to, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml hn hp B, dn tip B qua dung dch brm d th thy khi lng bnh brrm tng ln 0,63 gam v c 560ml hn hp kh C thot ra. Bit dC/ H2 = 17,84, cc th tch o ktc. a. Tnh th tch tng cht trong hn hp A. b. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan v anken
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V Vn Bit Bi 21. Mt hn hp kh A gm 2 Hircacbon mch h th kh iu kin thng c dA/H2 = 17. em 400 ml hh A li qua dd brm d th thy c 240ml kh thot ra v c 71,4 ml dd brm 0,2 M tham gia phn ng. Th tch cc kh o ktc. Xc nh CTCT ca 2 Hrcacbon bit A tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3. Bi 22: em 28,2 gam hn hp 3 ankin c s nguyn t C lin tip nhau trn vi hir d ri dn qua Ni, to sau phn ng th tch hn hp kh gim i 26,88 lt (ktc) a. Xc nh CTPT c th c ca 3 ankin. b. Hy xc nh nghim ca bi ton nu c mt cht to c benzen khi trng hp. c. Tnh % mi kh trong hn hp u bit rng s mol ca 1 ankin ln gp i tng s mol ca 2 ankin cn li. Bi 23: Hn hp A gm 1 ankan , 1 anken v H2. em 100 ml hn hp A qua Ni, to, sau phn ng thu c 70 ml mt hrcacbon duy nht. Cn em t chy 100 ml hn hp A th thu c 210 ml kh CO2 . cc th tch o ktc. a. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan v anken v % th tch tng cht trong hn hp A. b. Trnh by cch tch ring ankan ra khi hn hp A.

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