PHN V

MicrosoftPROJECT

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Phn I: Gii thiu chung Microsoft Project

1. Mc ch chung v cc yu cu ca Microsoft Project
Microsoft Project l mt chng trnh chuyn dng qun l cc d n, l chng trnh c nhng cng c mnh v thun tin. Vi Microsoft Project bn c th lm vic vi nhiu ch , nhiu cng c, chc nng tinh vi thc hin cc thao tc to lp v hiu chnh trn d n ng thi tit kim thi gian v tin bc cho bn. Mc ch chung ca Microsoft Project 2007 gm: T chc lp k hoch v qun l d n. Ln lch cng tc. Ch nh cc ti nguyn v chi ph cho cc cng vic trong d n. iu chnh k hoch thch ng vi cc iu kin rng buc. Chun b cc bo biu cn thit cho d n. D tr cc tc ng n tin ca d n khi xy ra nhng thay i c nh hng ln n d n. Xem xt li d n i ph vi cc tnh hung ngu nhin. nh gi ti chnh chung ca d n. In n cc bo biu phc v d n. Lm vic v qun l theo nhm. Rt kinh nghim trong khi thc hin d n. chy Microsoft Project 2007 phn cng ti thiu ca my tnh l: B vi xa l 1.2Gb tr ln 128 Mb RAM Window XP cng >100 Mb V bn cn c cc phn mm sau: Phn mm Microsoft Project 2007 B g ting Vit L mt ngi bt u s dng chng trnh Microsoft Project, bn chc hn c rt nhiu thc mc v vic to v qun l mt d n. Cun sch ny s cung cp cho bn nhng khi nim c bn trong Microsoft Project qun l d n, sau bn s cng to, qun l cc thay i d n thng qua cc bi ging ca cun sch. Mi bi ging l nhng hng dn c th tng bc trong vic to mi d n, theo di hot ng v qun l d n.

2. Qun l d n l g?

Qun l d n l mt qu trnh lp k hoch, t chc, theo di v qun l cc cng vic v ngun lc hon thnh cc mc tiu t ra vi nhiu rng buc v thi gian, chi ph v ti nguyn. K hoch ca d n c th ch l n gin, v d nh mt tp hp nh cc cng vic cng thi gian bt u v kt thc, cng c th phc tp gm hng nghn cc cng vic v ti nguyn vi chi ph hng t lla. Hu ht cc d n u c nhng im chung bao gm vic phn chia d n thnh cc cng vic nh d dng qun l, lp lch thc hin cc cng vic, trao i vi nhm v theo di cc tin trnh thc hin cng vic. Mi d n u bao gm ba pha chnh sau: Lp k hoch d n

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 Theo di cc thay i v qun l d n Kt thc d n. Cc pha ny cng c thc hin tt bao nhiu, kh nng thnh cng ca d n cng nhiu by nhiu.

3. Cc nhn t chnh to nn mt d n

D n ca bn ch c th thnh cng nu bn hiu r c 3 nhn t hnh thnh nn mi d n, l: Thi gian: Gm thi gian hon thnh tng cng vic trong mi mt giai on. Tin bc: Gm cc chi ph ti nguyn: nhn lc, thit b, nguyn vt liu hon thnh cc cng vic. Mc ch: Mc ch ca cc cng vic v k hoch hon thnh chng. Thi gian, tin bc v mc ch l chic king ba chn a d n n thnh cng, mi mt thnh phn u c nh hng n hai phn cn li. Ba thnh phn ny l rt quan trng v trc tip nh hng n d n, mi quan h gia ba thnh phn ny l khc nhau i vi mi d n v n quyt nh ti nhng vn v cch thc thc hin d n.

4. C s d liu ca Microsoft Project 2007

L mt nh qun l d n, bn s c rt nhiu cng vic lm. Vy th Microsoft Project c th gip g cho bn? Trc ht, n lu tr thng tin chi tit v d n ca bn trong c s d liu v s dng cc thng tin ny tnh ton, theo di tin trnh, chi ph ca d n v cc thnh phn khc ng thi to ra mt k hoch cho d n ca bn. Cng nhiu thng tin v d n m bn cung cp, d n cng c thc hin chnh xc by nhiu. Ging nh mt bng tnh, Microsoft Project th hin kt qu ngay sau cc tnh ton. Tuy nhin k hoch ca d n s khng c lp cho n khi bn hon thnh cc thng tin quan trng ca cc cng vic. Microsoft Project lu gi thng tin bn nhp v thng tin n tnh ton trong cc trng nh tn cng vic hay khong thi gian thc hin. Trong Microsoft Project, mi trng c th hin trong mt ct.

5. Xem xt d liu bn cn

Bn c th xem xt thi gian kt thc ca cc cng vic trong hm nay, ngy mai bn li mun xem xt chi ph cng vic. C s d liu d n cha ng rt nhiu thng tin nhng ti mt thi im bn c th ch cn mt phn thng tin. lm c iu Microsoft Project cung cp mt s dng th hin sau: Cc khung nhn: Th hin mt tp con ca cc thng tin c nh dng. V d s Gantt th hin thng tin v cc cng vic. Cc bng: Gm cc thng tin c nh ngha ngay ban u. Cc thng tin chn lc: cho php bn chn lc cc thng tin v cng vic hay ti nguyn.

6. H thng lch lm vic ca Microsoft Project

Cch thc Microsoft Project s dng h thng thi gian bt u v kt thc cc cng vic nh th no? iu ny c tnh ton theo cc nhn t nh mc c lp ca cng vic, cc rng buc lin quan, cc khong thi gian t on cng nh cc ngy ngh, ngy l.

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7. Mt s t kho trong Microsoft Project 2007

Task Duration Start Finish Predecessors Successors Task list Resource Work Unit Milestone Recurring Task Shedule Std. Rate Ovr. Rate Cost/use Baseline Actual cost Current cost Remaining cost Summary Task Cng vic, nhim v Thi gian thc hin cng vic Ngy bt u Ngy kt thc Cng vic lm trc Cng vic k tip Danh sch cc cng vic Ti nguyn hay nhn lc, my mc thc hin cc cng vic ca d n S gi cng c gn thc hin cng vic Kh nng lao dng ca ti nguyn Loi cng vic c bit (im mc) c Duration=0, dng kt thc cc on trong d n Cng vic nh k, lp i lp li nhiu ln theo chu k trong thi gian thc hin d n. V d cc bui hp giao ban u tun Lch trnh ca d n Gi chun Gi ngoi gi Ph s dng ti nguyn Theo k hoch Chi ph s dng ti thi im hin ti Chi ph s dng ti thi im hin ti + Chi ph cn li theo thi im hin ti Chi ph cn c tip tc thc hin d n. Cng vic tm lc: Cng vic m chc nng duy nht ca n l cha ng v tm lc thi khong, cng vic v chi ph ca cc cng vic khc.

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Phn II: To mt d n
Thi gian bn xc inh c r mc ch ca d n v vch ra c cc giai on chnh ca d n cng chnh l lc bn cn to ra mt k hoch cho d n. Trc ht, nhp v t chc cc cng vic v khong thi gian thc hin chng. Sau khi to nhn lc, thit b, nguyn vt liu v chi ph cho cc cng vic. Vi nhng thng tin ny, Microsoft Project s to ra mt k hoch lm vic, bn ch cn kim tra li k hoch v iu chnh khi cn thit. Phn ny s hng dn bn to lp k hoch d n bao gm cc bi sau y: Bi 1: Thit lp mt d n mi. Bi 2: Cch thc nhp v t chc cc cng vic. Bi 3: Thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc cng vic. Bi 4: Khi to ti nguyn, nhn lc cho cng vic. Bi 5: Chi ph cho d n. Bi 6: Xem xt h thng cng vic Bi 7: Cch thc lu d n

Bi 1: Thit lp mt d n mi
Bc u tin to k hoch lm vic l to ra mt file d liu mi, thit lp thi gian bt u, thi gian kt thc v nhp cc thng tin chung v d n. Sau khi hc xong bi ny, bn s c mt file d liu Microsoft Project cha ng tn d n, ngy d kin bt u, ngy d kin kt thc, k hoch d n cng nh cc thng tin khc v d n. Bi ny gm c 3 im chnh sau: To mi mt d n Nhp cc thng tin quan trng v d n Thit lp h thng thi gian trong d n 1. To mi 1 d n Khi bn bt u vi 1 d n mi vi Microsoft Project, bn ch c th nhp thi gian bt u hay thi gian kt thc ca d n. Microsoft cng khuyn rng chng ta ch nhp thi gian bt u ca d n v t n tnh thi im kt thc sau khi bn nhp cc thng tin v thi gian ca tng cng vic. Click nt New trn thanh cng c hay trong menu File, chn New .

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Trong hp thoi Project Information, nhp thi gian bt u hay kt thc ti mc Start date hay Finish date cho d n ca bn, v sau Click nt OK.

Click nt Save hay trong menu File, chn mc Save lu gi thng tin d n.

Ch Bn c th thay i thng tin v d n ca bn bt c thi im no bng cch chn mc Project Information trn menu Project

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2. Nhp cc thng tin quan trng cho d n Mi mt d n u c mt s thnh phn c trng nh cc cng vic c lin quan, mt s vng mc s gp phi khi thc hin, ngi thc hin chng v mc ch ca d n. bn c th nh v theo di c cc thng tin ny khi cn thit hy thc hin theo cc bc sau Trn menu File, Click Properties, v sau Click tab Summary Trong Tab Summary, nhp nhng thng tin lin quan n d n, nh ngi lp v qun l file d n, mc ch ca d n, hay bt c iu g c th gy kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin d n Click OK 3. Thit lp h thng lch lm vic cho d n Bn c th thay i thi gian lm vic ca d n phn nh s ngy cng nh s gi lm vic ca mi ngi trong d n. Microsoft Project thit lp mc nh thi gian lm vic cho d n t th 2 n th 6, bt u 8 gi sng n 5 gi chiu. Bn c th xc nh thi gian ngh nh cui tun v cc bui ti cng nh ngy l hay thi gian i ngh mt. Trn menu View, Click Gantt Chart.

Trn menu Tools, Click Change Working Time. Trn hp thoi Chage Working Time, chn lch lm vic. thay i thi gian lm vic ca mt ngy trong tun trong ton b d n, chn ngy cn thay i, sau chn la chn Default Working Time v chnh li thi gian lm vic ca ngy . V d bn mun ngy th 6 hng tun u kt thc vo 4 gi chng hn. thay i thi gian lm vic ca mt s ngy, v d nh t th 3 n th 6 u lm vic lc 9 gi, bn ch cn Click chut vo ngy th 3, sau gi phm Shift v Click chut n th 6. Cng vic tip theo ca bn l thay i thi gian lm vic Click Nonworking time i vi nhng ngy ngh, hay Nondefault working time thay i thi gian lm vic ca mt ngy no

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 Kt lun: Qua bi ny bn c th nm bt c cch thc to mi mt d n, nhp cc thng tin quan trng v thit lp h thng lch lm vic cho d n. l nhng bc u tin trong qu trnh thc hin d n mt cch hiu qu. Bi tip theo s cho bn bit cch thc nhp v t chc cc cng vic.

Bi 2: Cch thc nhp v t chc cc cng vic

u tin bn hy lit k cc bc hon thnh d n, bt u vi tng khi cng vic v chia nh nhng khi cng vic thnh nhng khi nh hn. C nh vy cho ti khi n c chia thnh nhng cng vic nh c th phn giao c th c. Cui cng nhp cc khong thi gian thit lp cho tng cng vic. Sau khi bn hon thnh bi ny, bn s c mt tp hp cc cng vic c t chc mt cch h thng v thng tin chi tit v nhng cng vic ny. Bi ny c 5 im chnh sau: Nhp cng vic v thi gian thc hin. To nhng mc nh du. To nhng cng vic nh k. Phn cp cng vic. Hiu chnh h thng cng vic. 1. Nhp cc cng vic v thi gian thc hin Mt d n l mt chui nhng cng vic c lin quan ti nhau. Mt cng vic s chim gi mt khong thi gian v chng s c theo di tin trnh thc hin. Mt cng vic c th c thc hin trong mt ngy hay nhiu tun. Bn hy nhp cc cng vic theo th t m chng xy ra, sau c tnh s thi gian thc hin cng vic . Ch : Bn khng nn nhp ngy bt u v kt thc trong cc trng Start v Finish i vi mi cng vic. Microsoft Project tnh ton thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc

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da trn mi quan h gia cc cng vic, da trn cc thng tin bn nhp vo. Phn ny s c ni r trong bi sau. Trn menu View, Click Gantt Chart.

Trong ct Task Name, nh tn cng vic, v sau nhn phm TAB.

Microsoft Project t ng nhp thi gian c tnh cho cng vic l mt ngy cng vi du ? Trong ct Duration, nhp thi gian thc hin cng vic theo thng, tun, ngy, gi hay pht. Bn c th s dng cc du tt sau: thng = mo, tun = w, ngy = d, gi = h, pht = m Ch : ch ra y l thi gian c tnh, nh thm du hi sau khong thi gian thc hin. Ch : Bn c th thm mt ch thch cho mi cng vic. Trong ct Task Name , chn tn cng vic cn thm ch thch, sau Click nt Task Notes. Nhp thng tin ch thch trong hp thoi Notes, sau Click nt OK.

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2. To mc d n To mc d n l mt vic rt c ngha trong k hoch thc hin d n, v d nh vic hon thnh mt pha chnh ca d n. Khi bn nhp khong thi gian cho 1 cng vic l 0 ngy Microsoft Project th hin 1 biu tng mc d n trn biu Gantt ti thi gian bt u cng vic. B1 Trong ct Duration ca cng vic cn to mc nhp 0 . B2 Nhn phm ENTER Ch : hin th tt c cc im mc trong khung nhn, chn kiu hin th trong danh sch l Milestones. hin th li ton b cc cng vic trong d n, chn All task trong danh sch kiu hin th.

3. To cc cng vic nh k Cng vic nh k l nhng cng vic thng xuyn lp i lp li, v d nh 1 bui hp giao ban th hai hng tun. Cng vic nh k c th xy ra hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng hay hng nm. Bn c th xc nh khong thi gian thc hin i vi mi ln cng vic xut hin hay thi gian no n s xy ra. B1 B2 Trong ct Task Name, chn ni bn mun cng vic nh k xy ra Trong menu Insert, chn Recurring Task.

B3

Trong hp thoi Recurring Task Information, nh tn cng vic

Trong phn Duration, nhp thi gian thc hin cng vic khi cng vic xy ra. Di Recurrence pattern, Click Daily, Weekly, Monthly, hay Yearly chn kiu xut hin ca cng vic theo hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng hay hng nm. B6 Pha bn phi Daily, Weekly, Monthly, hay Yearly, xc nh tn xut cng vic xy ra. V d nu nh mt cng vic nh k xut hin vo th hai hng tun. B7 Di Range of recurrence, nhp ngy bt u v sau chn ngy kt thc sau mt s ln xy ra (mc End After) hay cng vic s c kt thc vo thi gian no (End By). Nu bn chn End after, chn s ln cng vic xy ra. Nu bn chn End by, nhp ngy bn mun cng vic ny kt thc. B4 B5

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Ch : xem tt c cc phn ca cng vic nh k, Click vo du + gn cng vic inh k.

4. Phn cp cc cng vic Vic phn cp gip bn t chc cc cng vic thnh nhng khi d dng qun l, cc cng vic c to thnh mt h thng phn cp, cng vic ny c th l cp con ca cng vic khc nhng cng c th l cp cha ca mt s cng vic. Thi gian bt u v kt thc mt cng vic cha c tnh theo thi gian bt u sm nht v thi gian kt thc mun nht ca cc cng vic con ca n. t chc theo ch phn cp, s dng cc nt sau: Cp thp hn Hin th cc cng vic con Hin th tt c cc cng vic con B1 B2 B3 Trn menu View, chn s Gantt. Chn cng vic m bn mun n tr thnh cng vic con ca cng vic trn Click nt . Cng vic ny s tr thnh cng vic con. Cp cao hn Khng hin th cc cng vic con

Ch : Bn c th chuyn i cp ca cng vic bng cch t chut vo phn u tn cng vic mun chuyn, khi con tr chuyn sang hnh mi tn hai chiu bn c th ko ra ngoi hay vo trong tu theo cp ca cng vic.

5. Hiu chnh danh sch cc cng vic Ngay khi bn to danh sch cng vic, bn c th chia nhng cng vic ln thnh nhiu cng vic con v sp xp li. Bn c th mun sao chp, xo hay di chuyn cc cng vic trong d n ca bn. Trong ct ID, chn cng vic bn mun sao chp, xo hay di chuyn chn mt hng, Click vo s ID. chn mt s cng vic lin k nhau, t chut vo cng vic u, gi phm Shift v sau ko chut n cng vic cui. chn nhng cng vic khng lin k nhau, t chut vo mt cng vic no , sau gi phm Ctrl v Click chut vo cc cng vic cn thay i. B2 Sao chp, di chuyn, hay xo cng vic. sao chp cng vic, Click nt Copy. trn thanh cng c hoc c th vo menu Edit, chn Copy Cell. B1

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 di chuyn cng vic, Click nt Cut. vo menu Edit, chn Cut Cell.

trn thanh cng c hoc c th

xo cng vic, trong menu Edit, chn Delete .

B3 B4

di chuyn nhng cng vic la chn, chn ni bn mun di chuyn ti. Click nt Paste . Trn thanh cng c hay trong menu Edit, chn Paste.

Ch : thm mi mt cng vic vo gia nhng cng vic tn ti, Click vo mt s ID no v nhn phm INSERT. Ct ID ca cc cng vic pha sau s t ng cp nhp li sau khi bn thm mi mt cng vic. Kt lun: Bi ny a ra cch thc nhp cc cng vic v thi gian thc hin chng, to cc mc d n, to cc cng vic nh k, phn cp cho cc cng vic v hiu chnh li danh sch cc cng vic. Sau bi ny bn c th hiu c cch thc nhp v t chc cc cng vic.

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Bi 3: Thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc cng vic

Ngay sau khi bn to v phn cp danh sch cc cng vic l thi im bn xc nh mi quan h gia cc cng vic v thi gian thc hin chng. Cc mi lin h gia cc cng vic c th hin bng cc ng kt ni. Microsoft t ng quyt nh thi im bt u v thi im kt thc cho mi cng vic nu chng c lin quan ti cng vic khc. i vi nhng cng vic thc hin mt cch c lp, bn phi t xc nh thi im bt u v kt thc cng vic . Mt c im thun li ca nhng cng vic c lin kt vi cng vic khc l bt c khi thi gian thc hin 1 cng vic thay i, thi gian thc hin ca cc cng vic c lin quan cng thay i theo. Bn c th thay i h thng k hoch cc cng vic bng cch s dng cc rng buc, cc cng vic gi ln nhau hay cc cng vic b ngt qung. Bi ny gm 5 im chnh sau: Thit lp mi quan h gia cc cng vic. Cc cng vic gi chng ln nhau v cc cng vic ngt qung. Thi gian bt u v kt thc ca mt cng vic. Xc nh hn cui cng cho 1 cng vic. Chia mt cng vic thnh nhiu phn. 1. Thit lp mi quan h gia cc cng vic thit lp mi quan h gia cc cng vic, chng ta s dng cc ng kt ni. Trc ht, chn nhng cng vic c lin quan, kt ni chng v sau c th thay i kiu kt ni. Cng vic c ngy bt u v kt thc ph thuc vo cng vic khc gi l cng vic k tip. Cng vic m cng vic k tip ph thuc vo gi l cng vic lm trc. V d sau s ch r cho cc bn thy mi quan h gia cc cng vic, nu bn thit lp mi quan h gia 2 cng vic l treo ng h v sn tng th cng vic sn tng s l cng vic lm trc, cng vic treo ng h s l cng vic k tip. Sau khi cc cng vic c thit lp mi quan h, vic thay i thi gian bt u cng nh kt thc ca cc cng vic lm trc s nh hng n thi gian thc hin ca cc cng vic k tip. Microsoft Project mc nh quan h kt thc- bt u ( Finishto- Start) khi to cc lin kt gia cc cng vic. Trong nhiu trng hp, mi quan h gia cc cng vic khng phi nh vy, bn c th thay i kiu lin kt ny theo cc dng sau ph hp vi m hnh d n ca bn: bt u- bt u ( Start- to- Start), kt thc- kt thc (Finish- to-Finish), bt u- kt thc (Start- to- Finish) B1 B2 Trn menu View, chn s Gantt. Trong ct Task Name, chn hai hay nhiu cng vic bn mun lin kt vi nhau. lin kt cc cng vic lin tip nhau, gi phm Shift, v sau Click chut vo cng vic u tin v cng vic cui. lin kt cc cng vic cch xa nhau, gi phm CTRL,v sau chn nhng cng vic bn mun lin kt vi nhau theo th t cng vic no chn trc s l cng vic lm trc, cng vic no chn sau s l cng vic k tip.

B3

Click nt Link Tasks . B4 thay i kiu lin kt, Click p vo ng li kt gia 2 cng vic bn ang mun thay i.

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Mt hp thoi Task Dependency xut hin

B5 Trong hp lit k Type, chn kiu lin kt m bn mun, sau Click OK. Ch : hu b lin kt gia cc cng vic, chn cc cng vic bn mun trong ct Task Name, v Click nt Unlink Tasks . Cc cng vic ny s c sp xp li da trn nhng lin kt v cc rng buc cn tn ti . 2. Cc cng vic gi chng ln nhau Sau khi cc cng vic c lin kt vi nhau, bn c th gi chng hay thm mt khong tr thi gian gia 2 cng vic. Trong Microsoft Project, bn c th nhp khong thi gian gi chng hay thi gian ngt qung i vi cc cng vic c lin kt. B1 Trong ct Task Name, chn cng vic bn mun thm thi gian gi chng hay thi gian tr (y l nhng cng vic k tip), v sau Click nt Task Information . Bn c th thc hin thao tc trn bng cch chn cng vic v trong menu Project, chn mc Task Information

B2

Hp thoi Task Information hin ln, Click Tab Predecessors.

B3

Trong ct Lag, nhp thi gian gi chng hay thi gian tr, Nhp thi gian gi chng theo s m (v d, 2d cho 2 ngy gi chng)

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Nhp thi gian tr theo s dng.

Ch : nhanh chng a thi gian xp chng hay thi gian tr cho mt cng vic k tip, Click p vo ng kt ni gia cng vic v cng vic lm trc Gantt Chart, v sau nhp thi gian gi chng hay thi gian tr trong hp thoi Task Dependency. 3. Thit lp thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc ca cng vic Bn c th lp k hoch thc hin cc cng vic hiu qu bng cch nhp khong thi gian, to cc lin kt gia cc cng vic v sau Microsoft Project tnh ton thi gian bt u v kt thc cho cc cng vic c lin quan. Tuy nhin bn phi xc nh thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc cho mt s cng vic. Nhng rng buc v thi gian bt u hay kt thc i vi mt cng vic c gi l nhng rng buc cng. Do Microsoft tnh ton h thng k hoch ca bn da c trn nhng rng buc ny do ch s dng khi cng vic b rng buc v thi gian bt u hay kt thc. Trong ct Task Name, chn cng vic m bn mun xc nh thi im bt u v kt thc, sau Click Task Information . B2 Chn Tab Advanced. B3 Trong hp thoi Task Information , mc Constraint type, chn kiu rng buc. B1

Chn ngy trong Constraint date, v Click OK

Ch : Sau y l bng lit k cc kiu rng buc: Kiu rng buc As soon as possible As Late as possible Finish No Earlier than Finish No Later than Must Finish On ngha Cng vic khng b rng buc Cng vic ny phi b tr hon cng lu cng tt. Cng vic phi kt thc sau ngy thng ch nh. Cng vic phi kt thc vo ngy hoc sm hn ngy thng ch nh. Cng vic phi kt thc chnh xc vo ngy

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Must Start On Start No Earlier than Start No Later than

thng nh. Cng vic phi kt thc vo ngy thng nh Cng vic bt u vo ngy thng hoc mun hn ngy thng ch nh. Cng vic phi bt u trc ngy thng ch nh.

4. Xc nh hn cui cho 1 cng vic Khi bn thit lp mt hn cui cho 1 cng vic, Microssoft Project s th hin mt du hiu thng bo nu cng vic trong k hoch l kt thc sau thi hn cui.

Vic thit lp mt hn nh cho 1 cng vic khng nh hng nhiu n k hoch cng vic v. l cch Microsoft Project thng bo cho bn bit rng cng vic s kt thc m vt qu thi gian hn nh bn c th iu chnh k hoch hp l hn. B1 B2 B3 Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Gantt. Trong ct Task Name, chn cng vic bn mun thit lp hn nh thi gian. Chn nt Task Information v sau chn Tab Advanced.

B4

Trong phn Deadline, chn ngy hn nh v Click OK.

5. Chia mt cng vic thnh nhng phn nh Bn c th chia nh mt cng vic nu thi gian cho cng vic b ngt qung. iu ny rt c ch, v d s c thi gian bn tm thi dng cng vic ang lm chuyn sang mt cng vic khc. Bn c th chia mt cng vic thnh nhiu phn nu cn thit. Cng phi ch thm rng vic chia nh 1 cng vic thnh nhiu phn khng ging nh nhng cng vic nh k m bn c bit trong nhng bi trc.

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B1 B2

Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Gantt . Click nt Split Task hay trong menu Edit chn mc Split Task.

Trn thanh ngang biu din cng vic, Click vo ngy bn mun chia cng vic, sau ko phn cn li ti ngy bn mun cng vic li bt u tip tc Ch Bn c th ghp li cc phn bng cch ko cc phn cng vic chm vo nhau. Kt lun: Qua bi ny bn c th thit lp mi quan h gia cc cng vic, hiu c th no l cng vic gi chng hay ngt qung, thit lp thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc ca cng vic, xc nh hn cui cho 1 cng vic v cch chia mt cng vic thnh nhng phn nh. Bi tip theo s a ra cch khi to ti nguyn, nhn lc cho cng vic. B3

Bi 4: Khi to ti nguyn, nhn lc cho cng vic

Bn nn khi to ti nguyn cho cc cng vic trong d n : Theo di mc s dng ti nguyn trong d n Theo di c chi ph cho ti nguyn Bi ny bao gm cc im chnh sau: 1. To danh sch cc ti nguyn 2. Thay i thi gian lm vic cho nhn vin hay my mc 3. Khi to cc ti nguyn cho cng vic 4. Sa i khong thi gian thc hin cng vic 5. Kim tra hiu chnh vic khi to ti nguyn

1. To danh sch ti nguyn Bn c th s dng khung nhn Resource Sheet trong Microsoft Project to mt danh sch cc ti nguyn s dng trong d n nh nhn cng, thit b, nguyn vt liu. Cc ti nguyn bao gm ti nguyn cng vic v ti nguyn vt liu. Ti nguyn cng vic bao gm con ngi v my mc, ti nguyn vt liu nh b tng, g, inh,.... B1 Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Resource Sheet.

89

B2

Trn menu View, ch ti Table, v sau Click Entry.

B3

Trong ct Resource Name, nh tn ti nguyn.

ch nh nhm ti nguyn, trong ct Group, nh tn nhm. Trong ct Type, xc nh kiu ti nguyn: Vi nhng ti nguyn l nhn lc hay my mc, chn kiu l Work. Vi nhng ti nguyn nh nguyn, nhin vt liu, chn kiu l Material B6 Vi mi mt kiu ti nguyn cng vic (ngi v my mc, thit b), nhp n v ti ct Max. Vi kiu ti nguyn ny n v s dng c tnh theo t l phn trm ca gi tr max. V d, nhp 100% c ngha l thi gian s dng ton b thi gian lm vic i vi mi ti nguyn no . B7 Vi mi kiu ti nguyn nh nguyn, nhin vt liu, trong ct Material Label, nhp n v o cho ti nguyn ny, v d nh n v tn. Ch : Nhm ti nguyn c dng sp xp, lc hay nhm cc cng vic, v d nh bn c th xem danh sch nhn vin thuc mt phng no . Bn khng th khi to nhm ti nguyn cho 1 cng vic no 2. Thay i thi gian lm vic cho nhn vin hay my mc H thng thi gian lm vic trong bi hc trc c khi to cho tt c cc ti nguyn nh con ngi v my mc, thit b. Tuy nhin bn c th nh ngha thi gian lm vic cho mt nhn vin hay my mc no thch ng vi d n ca bn. Ly mt v d rt n gin nh sau, mt nhn vin A c thi gian ngh mt ti thng 6 nhng nhn B4 B5

90

vin B li l thng 7 v vy cn phi c nhng thi gian biu khc nhau i vi tng nhn vin. Mt v d khc na l my mc s dng cng cn c thi gian bo dng trong qu trnh hot ng. B1 Trn menu View, chn Resource Sheet, v sau chn ti nguyn bn mun thay i thi gian lm vic.

B2

Trong menu Project, chn Resource Information, v chn tab General

B3

Trong Tab Resource Information, ti h thng lch lm vic, chn ngy bn mun thay i.

Chn kiu Use default, Nonworking time, hay Nondefault . Khi bn chn Use default, thi gian lm vic ca ngy chn s ly theo thi gian mc nh ca h thng Microsoft Project. B5 Nu bn chn Nondefault ti bc 4, nhp thi gian bt u vo mc B4

91

From v thi gian kt thc vo mc To. Ch : Nu 1 nhm ti nguyn c cng thi gian lm vic v ngh ging nhau, bn c th to mt lch lm vic mi cho chng. Trn menu Tools, chn Change Working Time. Click New v nhp tn cho h thng lch lm vic mi. 3. Khi to cc ti nguyn cho cng vic Bn c th khi to bt c mt ti nguyn no cho bt k cng vic no, bn c th khi to nhiu hn 1 ti nguyn cho mt cng vic v xc nh ti nguyn c s dng ton thi gian hay bn thi gian. Nu s khi to thi gian s dng ti nguyn vt qu thi gian cho php ( c thit lp trong h thng lch s dng ti nguyn), Microsoft Project th hin mc s dng qu ti ti nguyn bng mu trong khung nhn Resouce View. B1 B2 Trong menu View, chn Gantt Chart. Trong ct Task Name, chn cng vic bn mun khi to ti nguyn, v sau Click Assign Resources hay trong menu Tools, chn Assign Resources .

Trong ct Name, chn ti nguyn bn mun khi to cho cng vic. Nu ch s dng ti nguyn bn thi gian, nhp s phn trm s dng khi to mt s ti nguyn, gi phm CTRL v sau Click vo tn ca cc ti nguyn. s dng nhiu ti nguyn ging nhau (v d 2 my xc), bn nhp phn trm trong ct Units ln hn 100. B5 Click Assign. B6 Click Close. Ch : Bn c th thay th ti nguyn ny bng ti nguyn khc. Chn cng vic c ngun ti nguyn bn mun thay th. Trong hp thoi Assign Resources, chn tn ti nguyn v Click Replace. 4. Sa i khong thi gian thc hin cng vic Khi bn khi to nhiu ti nguyn cho mt cng vic, Microsoft Project t ng gim khong thi gian thc hin cng vic. V d mt cng vic do 1 nhn vin thc hin trong mt ngy th s ch mt na ngy thc hin nu hai nhn vin cng thc hin. Nu bn mun gi khong thi gian thc hin cho cng vic l nh c trong khi vn c thm ti nguyn s dng cho cng vic , bn thc hin nh sau. B3 B4 B1 Trn menu View, Click khung nhn Gantt.

92

B2 B3

Trong ct Task Name, chn tn cng vic. Click nt Task Information chn mc Task Information. trn thanh cng c hay trong menu Project

V sau chuyn sang Tab Advanced. 4 Trong hp thoi Task Information xo b du kim trong mc Effort driven, v sau Click OK.

By gi khi bn khi to thm ti nguyn cho cng vic, khong thi gian thc hin s khng thay i. Ch : Bn c th lm cho tt c cc cng vic mi s to ra khi thm ti nguyn th thi gian thc hin s khng gim bng cch trong menu Tools, chn mc Options, Click tab Schedule v sau b du kim ti mc New tasks are effort driven.

5. Kim tra hiu chnh vic khi to ti nguyn Khung nhn Resource Usage th hin tt c cc ti nguyn s dng trong d n. Vi khung nhn ny, bn c th thy rng ngun ti nguyn c s dng nh th no, nhng ngun ti nguyn no c th s dng c tip, ngun ti nguyn no ang b qu ti

93

B1

Trong menu View, chn Resource Usage.

c nhiu thng tin hn v vic s dng ti nguyn, trong menu View, mc Table, Click vo bng bn mun hin th trong khung nhn Resource Usage.

B2 B3

Trong ct Resource Name, xem li cc cng vic s dng ngun ti nguyn chuyn i ngun ti nguyn cho mt cng vic, chn hng cha cng vic v sau ko ln phn ti nguyn cn chuyn i.

Ch Vic thm cc bng thng tin hin th trn khng lm thay i thng tin v d liu m ch l thay i cch th hin. Nu mt ti nguyn mu v m, ti nguyn ang b s dng qu ti. Kt lun: Bi ny ch cho bn cch to danh sch ti nguyn, thay i h thng lm vic cho mt nhn vin hay my mc, gn ta nguyn cho cng vic, sa i khong thi gian thc hin cng vic v kim tra hiu chnh vic khi to ti nguyn. Bi tip theo s bn v vn chi ph thc hin d n.

Bi 5: Chi ph thc hin d n

Bi ny gm cc im chnh sau: Khi to chi ph cho ti nguyn Thit lp gi trn cho mt cng vic Chi ph c tnh khi no Xem xt gi ca cng vic v ca ti nguyn Xem xt gi ca ton b d n 1. Khi to chi ph cho ti nguyn Microsoft Project cho php bn khi to gi v nhn cng v cc ti nguyn khc bn c th qun l d n mt cch chnh xc nht. bn c th khi to cc ph chun, ph khon, ph ngoi gi. B1 Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Resource Sheet.

94

B2

Trn menu View, ch ti Table, v sau chn Entry

B3 B4

Trong ct Resource Name, chn ti nguyn nh gi. Trong ct Type, chn Work nu ti nguyn l ngi hay m my mc, hay chn Material nu ti nguyn l cc nguyn vt liu.

Vi ti nguyn con ngi hay my mc, trong ct Std. Rate ( ph chun), Ovt. Rate (ph ngoi gi), hay Cost/Use (ph khon) , nhp ph s dng ti nguyn. Vi ngun ti nguyn l nguyn vt liu, nhp n v o ca ti nguyn ny, v d nh tn v sau trong cc ct Std.Rate (ph chun) hay Cost/Use (ph khon) nhp ph s dng. B6 Nhn ENTER. Ch : Bn c th thit lp ph chun v ph ngoi gi mc nh khi thm bt c ti nguyn mi no. Trong menu Tools, chn Option v sau chn Tab General. Trong cc mc Default standard rate v Default overtime rate , nhp gi mi. Nu bn mun lu gi nhng gi tr ny lm gi tr mc nh cho cc d n v sau th chn nt Set as Default. B5

95

Nu gi s dng ti nguyn thay i trong qu trnh d n, chn Resource Sheet trong menu View. Trong ct Resource Name, chn ti nguyn v sau Click Resource Information . Sau nhp thng tin trong Tab Costs. 2. Thit lp gi trn cho mt cng vic Khi bn bit chnh xc chi ph cho mt cng vic no , bn c th nhp gi trn cho cng vic . B1 B2 B3 Trong menu View, chn khung nhn Gantt Trong menu View, mc Table, chn Cost Trong ct Fixed Cost , nhp gi cho cng vic. - Nhn ENTER.

3. Chi ph c tnh khi no Trong Microsoft Project, chi ph cho ti nguyn mc nh l c tnh theo phn trm hon thnh cng vic. Tuy nhin, bn c th thay i phng thc tnh chi ph ti nguyn khi bt u s dng hay khi kt thc. B1 Trong menu View, chn Resource Sheet.

B2

Trong menu View, mc Table, chn Entry.

96

B3

Trong ct Accrue At, chn kiu bn mun s dng.

4. Xem xt ch ph ca cng vic v ca ti nguyn Sau khi bn khi to chi ph ti cc ti nguyn hay chi ph c nh cho cc cng vic, bn c th mun xem li tng chi ph xem c theo d kin khng. Nu tng chi ph cho ti nguyn hay cng vic vt qu kh nng ti chnh, bn cn kim tra v iu chnh li chi ph ca mi cng vic v chi ph cho mi ngun ti nguyn. B1 xem chi ph cho cng vic, trn menu View, Click More Views, v sau chn Task Sheet. xem chi ph ti nguyn, trn menu View, chn Resource Sheet.

B2

Trn menu View, mc Table, chn Cost.

Ch : Bn cng c th xem qu trnh chi ph trong mi cng vic trong khung nhn Task Usage. Trn menu View, chn Task Usage. Trong menu Format, mc Details, chn Cost. Bn cng c th xem chi tit cc chi ph cho ti nguyn trong khung nhn Resource Usage. Trn menu View, chn mc Resource Usage. Trong menu Format, mc Details, chn Cost. 5. Xem xt chi ph ca ton b d n Bn c th xem chi ph cho d n khi lp, khi d n i vo hot ng v chi ph tip tc thc hin d n. Trn c s bn s nhn nhn c qu ti chnh hin ti ca bn cho d n l bao nhiu. B1 Trong menu Project, chn Project Information.

97

B2

Chn Statistics.

B3

Bn s thy c chi ph ca d n

Ch Bn c th so snh chi ph ti thi im ban u v thi im hin ti. Bn c th xem chi ph thc hin d n cn li iu chnh hot ng ca d n.

98

Kt lun: Trong bi ny chng ta c th thy c cch thc khi to cho ph cho ti nguyn, thit lp gi trn cho mt cng vic, thay i cch thc chi ph c tnh, xem xt chi ph ca cng vic, ca ti nguyn cng nh ca ton b d n. Trong bi sau chng ta s cng xem xt li ton b h thng cng vic m chng ta lp k hoch.

Bi 6: Xem xt h thng cng vic

Sau khi bn nhp ht nhng thng tin v d n, hy xem xt li xem chng c ph hp vi d tnh ca bn hay khng. Nu khng hy kim tra li qu trnh thc hin cc cng vic. Bi ny bao gm cc im chnh sau: Xem xt ton b d n Kim tra ngy bt u v kt thc ca d n Xc nh ng gng ca d n Chuyn i gia cc khung nhn Xem xt cc ct khc nhau trong mt khung nhn Th hin thng tin c chn lc Sp xp thng tin trong mt khung nhn Nhm thng tin trong mt khung nhn 1. Xem xt ton b d n Bn c th quan st thi gian bt u, kt thc d n v thi gian nhng pha chnh xy ra trn khung nhn Gantt. B1 B2 Trn menu View, chn Gantt Chart. On the View menu, click Zoom, click Entire project, and then click OK.

99

2. Kim tra ngy bt u v kt thc ca d n Bn c th xem li thng tin v ngy kt thc d n xem c ng mong i ca bn hay khng. Trong menu Project, chn Project Information v Click Statistics, ngy bt u v kt thc d n s c hin th. 3. Xc nh ng gng ca d n ng gng l mt tp hp cc cng vic phi c thc hin ng tin , nhng cng vic ny s nh hng ln n s thnh cng ca d n nu c s tr hon cng vic. B1 B2 Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Gantt. Click nt GanttChartWizard GanttChartWizard. hay trong menu Format, chn

B3

Theo hng dn ca GanttChartWizard hnh thnh ng gng ca cc cng vic.

4. Chuyn i gia cc khung nhn Bn c th thy c d n ca bn qua cc khung nhn khc nhau nh: Calendar, Network Diagram, Task Usage, Resource Usage, Resource Graph... Trn menu View, chn khung nhn m bn mun quan st. Nu khung nhn bn mun quan st hin thi khng c trong menu View, Click vo mc More Views c nhiu la chn. Chn 1 kiu khung nhn trong bng lit k Views, sau chn Apply. Ch : Thay i khung nhn khng lm nh hng n d liu thng tin d n, n ch thay i cch nhn v d n.

100

Di y l 8 khung nhn thng dng nht: Tn khung nhn Calendar Gantt Chart Network Diagram Task Usage Tracking Gantt Resource Graph Resource Sheet Resource Usage Ni dung Lch hng thng ch ra cc cng vic v kh nng hon thnh n. Din t cc cng vic v cc thng tin c lin quan, mt biu (biu ngang) th hin cc cng vic v thi gian hon thnh chng. Th hin di dng li cc cng tc (s mng) v s ph thuc gia chng. Dng khung nhn ny c mt ci nhn bao qut v cc cng vic. Th hin danh sch cc cng vic c gn ti nguyn. Dng khung nhn ny thy ngun ti nguyn no c gn cho mt cng vic c th Th hin danh sch ca cng vic v thng tin c lin quan. Dng khung nhn ny theo di tin trnh ca d n. Th hin biu phn phi ti nguyn. Dng khung nhn ny th hin thng tin v mt ti nguyn di cc tiu ch khc nhau. Danh sch ti nguyn v thng tin lin quan. Dng khung nhn ny nhp v hiu chnh cc thng tin v ti nguyn. Th hin danh sch gn ti nguyn cho cng vic c nhm di mi ngun ti nguyn. Dng khung nhn ny th hin chi ph hoc phn phi gi cng ngoi gi. Cho php la chn cc khung nhn khc ca chng trnh.

More View

5. Xem xt cc ct khc nhau trong mt khung nhn Trong khi lp v theo di d n, rt hu ch nu chng ta c th xem xt thm nhiu t hp cc thng tin trong mt khung nhn. Microsoft Project cung cp mt tp hp cc t hp thng tin i vi mi khung nhn: B1 B2 Trong menu View, chn khung nhn bn mun quan st. Trn menu View, mc Table, chn bng bn mun xut hin trong khung nhn. thm nhng bng khng nm trong mc Table, chn More Tables, chn bng bn mun thm, v sau chn Apply.

6. Th hin thng tin c chn lc i khi, bn cn theo di ch mt s cng vic xc nh no , Microsoft cho php bn lc thng tin trong ton d n c c nhng thng tin cn thit. Trn menu Project, mc Filtered for, sau chn kiu lc. nhp kiu lc hin thi khng nm trong mc Filtered for, chn mc More Filters. B2 Chn Apply xc nh kiu lc. B1

101

 th hin tt c cc cng vic tr li, trn menu Project v sau chn All Tasks hay All Resources. Ch : Bn khng th lc cc cng vic trong khung nhn Resource hay lc cc ti nguyn trong khung nhn Task. B3 7. Sp xp thng tin trong mt khung nhn Bn c th sp xp cc cng vic hay ti nguyn theo mt iu kin no nh tn cng vic, ngy kt thc, tn ti nguyn. Vic sp s l rt hu ch khi bn mun theo di cc cng vic theo th t. V d bn c th xem xt cng vic no nn bt u hay kt thc sm hn. Vic sp xp vn c duy tr khi bn chuyn i gia cc khung nhn cng nh ng hay lu d n. B1 B2 Trn menu View, chn Gantt Chart. Trn menu Project, mc Sort, v chn kiu sp xp m bn mun.

tin li trong qu trnh sp xp, Microsoft Project cung cp mt chc nng tu bin khi sp xp. Trong menu Project, mc Sort, v chn Sort by. B4 Trong hp thoi Sort by, chn nhng ct bn mun sp xp, v chn Ascending hay Descending xc nh kiu sp xp l tng dn hay gim dn. B3

8. Nhm thng tin trong mt khung nhn Trong mt s khung nhn, bn c th nhm cc cng vic hay ti nguyn theo mt iu kin no . V d, bn c th xem xt tt c nhng cng vic c cng mt khong thi gian thc hin. B1 nhm thng tin v cng vic, trn menu View, chn mc More Views, v sau chn Task Sheet. nhm thng tin v ti nguyn, trn menu View, chn Resource Sheet.

102

B2

Trong menu Project, mc Group by, v chn nhm . chn mt nhm khng nm trong mc Group by, Click More Groups.

tr li trng thi ban u, trn menu Project, mc Group by v chn No Group. Kt lun: Bi ny chng ta xem xt li ton b h thng cng vic trong d n, kim tra ngy bt u, ngy kt thc, xc nh ng gng ca d n, chuyn i gia cc khung nhn, th hin cc thng tin c chn lc, sp xp v nhm thng tin trong mt khung nhn. Trong bi sau chng ta cng xem cch thc lu tr v m mt file d n. B3

Bi 7: Cch thc lu v m k hoch

Sau khi nhp ton b cc thng tin v cng vic, v ti nguyn, thng tin v chi ph cho d n, bn c th lu gi n nh l mt k hoch ban u (baseline). lu li nhng thng tin v d n ti mt thi im thc hin d n, bn c th lu gi thng tin dng thi gian chuyn tip (Interim) v c th so snh thng tin ti thi im chuyn tip ny vi thng tin d n ban u. Trong qu trnh thc hin d n, bn c th so sanh nhng thng tin hin ti v thng tin khi lp k hoch cho d n. Bi ny bao gm cc im chnh sau: Lu tr mt k hoch Lu gi ti nhng thi im chuyn tip M 1 file d n 1. Lu tr mt k hoch Khi bn nhp tt c cc thng tin d n v sn sng thc hin d n, bn c th lu tr thng tin ny nh l thng tin khi to k hoch cho d n. Chnh t thng tin k hoch ny bn c th so snh vi thng tin khi thc hin d n, v t iu chnh hp l. B1 Trn menu Tools, mc Tracking, v chn Set Baseline.

103

B2

Chn Entire project hay Selected tasks lu gi ton b d n hay ch nhng cng vic chn.

2. Lu gi ti nhng thi im chuyn tip Sau khi bn lu tr mt k hoch cho d n, bn c th lu gi thng tin ti nhng thi im chuyn tip. Microsoft Project cho php bn lu theo kiu chuyn tip 10 ln. Trn menu Tools menu, mc Tracking, v sau Click Save Baseline. Chn Save Interim plan. B3 Trong mc Copy box, chn tn ca k hoch ti thi im chuyn tip hin ti. B4 Trong mc Into box, chn tn ca k hoch ti thi im chuyn tip tip theo. Chn ton b d n hay ch mt phn cc cng vic c chn bng cc B5 la chn Entire project hay Selected tasks. - OK B1

104

Phn III: Theo di v qun l d n

Gii thiu L mt nh qun l d n, bn cn phi nm bt v iu khin c cc thnh phn ct li ca d n: thi gian, tin bc v mc tiu. Vic iu chnh mt thnh phn ny s nh hng trc tip ti hai thnh phn cn li. Nu bn c c nhng thng tin lun c cp nhp, bn s thy c trng thi hin ti ca d n v sm c nhng iu chnh cn thit v hp l. Phn ny s cho bn thy cch thc theo di v qun l cng vic trong d n ca bn. Phn theo di v qun l d n gm cc bi sau: Bi 8: Theo di qu trnh thc hin cc cng vic trong d n. Bi 9: Theo di mc s dng ti nguyn. Bi 10: Theo di chi ph hin ti v kh nng ti chnh.

Bi 8: Theo di qu trnh thc hin cc cng vic trong d n

Ngay sau khi vic lp k hoch kt thc, cng vic bt u i vo qu trnh thc hin, bn c th theo di thi gian thc t bt u cng nh kt thc, t l phn trm cng vic c hon thnh, s gi thc t thc hin cng vic. Vic theo di cc qu trnh thc t cho php bn iu chnh cc cng vic mt cch chnh xc v kp thi. Bi ny bao gm cc im chnh sau: Kim tra cng vic c c thc hin ng k hoch hay khng. Nhp thi gian bt u v kt thc thc t cho mi cng vic. Nhp khong thi gian thc hin thc t cho cng vic. Cp nhp tin thc hin cng vic theo t l phn trm hon thnh. So snh gia thi gian thc t thc hin v k hoch i vi mi cng vic. So snh thng tin cng vic thc t v k hoch. 1. Kim tra cng vic c c thc hin ng k hoch hay khng d n c thc ng tin , phi m bo cc cng vic phi c bt u v kt thc ng k hoch. Khung nhn Tracking Gantt cho php bn thy c nhng im, nhng cng vic thc hin thc t l khc vi k hoch. Bn cn phi iu chnh nhng cng vic c lin quan, a thm ti nguyn hay b bt nhng cng vic cha cn thit kp nhng thi im hn nh. Trong khung nhn Tracking Gantt, mi mt cng vic c th hin bng hai ng, 1 ng th hin tin thc t, 1 ng th hin tin theo k hoch. Trc khi bn nhp d liu thc t v cng vic, hai ng ny c chung thi gian bt u v thi gian kt thc. Khi bn nhp d liu, ng th hin cng vic thc t thay i theo B1 B2 Trn menu View, chn Tracking Gantt. thay i nhng trng thay i, trn menu View, mc Table, v sau Click Variance.

105

2. Nhp thi gian bt u v kt thc thc t cho mi cng vic Nhng cng vic bt u v kt thc mun s nh hng ti tin thc hin ca nhng cng vic khc. Ngc li nhng cng vic kt thc sm s gii phng nhng ti nguyn m n ang s dng ng thi tin d n cng c hon thnh trc k hoch. Microsoft Project s dng nhng gi tr thc t h thng li tin thc hin nhng cng vic cn li ca d n: B1 B2 B3 Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Gantt Chart. Trn menu View, mc Toolbars, chn Tracking. Trong ct Task Name, chn nhng cng vic bn mun cp nhp tin . chn nhiu cng vic khng ng k nhau, bm phm CTRL, sau chn cc cng vic. chn nhiu cng vic ng k nhau, bm phm SHIFT, sau chn cng vic u v cng vic cui bn mun cp nhp. Click nt Update Tasks trn thanh cng c hay trong menu Tools, mc Tracking, chn Update Task .

B4

B5

Hp thoi Update Task hin ln.

106

Trong phn Actual, Chn ngy bt u v kt thc trong mc Start and Finish . Nu bn nhp ngy kt thc ca cng vic, m bo cng vic c kt thc 100%; Microsoft Project s hiu chnh li tin thc hin d n. B6 Chn OK. Ch : Vic nhp tin thc t ca mt cng vic s nh hng ti tin thc t ca cc cng vic khc. Tuy nhin, tin thc hin theo k hoch l khng b thay i. 3. Nhp khong thi gian thc hin thc t cho cng vic Khi bn nhp khong thi gian thc t thc hin mt cng vic, Microsoft Project cp nhp ngy thc t bt u, t l phn trm hon thnh cng vic v khong thi gian cn li thc hin nt cng vic . Trn menu View, Click Gantt Chart. Trong ct Task Name, chn cng vic bn mun nhp khong thi gian thc t thc hin cng vic. B3 Trn menu Tools, mc Tracking, v Click Update Tasks. B4 Trong mc Actual dur, nh s thi gian thc hin cng vic. B5 Chn OK. Ch : Nu bn ngh rng cng vic ny s c kt thc sm hn so vi k hoch ban u nh ra, bn c th nhp mt gi tr mi vo trng Remaining dur. 4. Cp nhp tin thc hin cng vic theo t l phn trm hon thnh Bn cng c th din t tin thc hin ca cng vic theo mc hon thnh: Trn menu View, chn Gantt Chart Trong ct tn cng vic Task Name, chn cng vic bn mun cp nhp tin . Chn Task Information , v sau chn Tab General. B3 Trong mc phn trm hon thnh cng vic Percent complete, nhp s phn trm hon thnh. B1 B2 B1 B2

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Ch : Bn cng c th s dng cc bc sau cp nhp tin hon thnh cng vic theo t l phn trm. Trong menu Tool, mc Tracking, chn Update Tasks v sau nhp s phn trm cng vic c hon thnh. 5. So snh gia thi gian thc t thc hin v k hoch i vi mi cng vic Trong Microsoft Project bn c th so snh thi gian thc hin cng vic thc t v k hoch. Mt cng vic c th kt thc sm hn so vi k hoch hay cng c th phi ko di hn.

Trn menu View, Click Gantt Chart. Trn menu View, mc Table, chn Work. So snh cc gi tr trong cc ct Work, Baseline, and Actual. Gi tr trong ct Variance ch ra s khc nhau gia tin hin ti v tin c lp trong k hoch ngha cc ct trong bng: Work: Thi gian thc hin theo thc t. Baseline: Thi gian thc hin cng vic theo k hoch. Variance: Khong thi gian thay i gia thc t v k hoch. Actual: Thi gian thc t thc hin c. Remaining: Thi gian thc t cn li. %W. Coml: S phn trm cng vic thc hin 6. So snh thng tin cng vic thc t v k hoch d n c thc hin ng tin , bn cn bit c nhng thay i, pht sinh trong khi thc hin d n. Microsoft Project cung cp mt chc nng thc hin iu ny. Chc nng ny cho bn thy nhng thay i ca cng vic bn c th iu chnh cc cng vic c lin quan ti chng, iu chnh li ngun ti nguyn s dng hay lc b bt nhng cng vic khng cn thit hon thnh cng vic ng thi hn. Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Tracking Gantt. Khung nhn Tracking Gantt th hin s thay i theo dng ha, iu ny lm vic quan st ca chng ta d dng hn. B2 Trn menu View, mc Table, v Click Variance. B1

B1 B2 B3

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Kt lun: Qua bi ny chng ta c th kim tra c cng vic c c thc hin theo ng k hoch hay khng, nhp thi gian bt u v kt thc thc t cng nh khong thi gian thc hin thc t cho mi cng vic. Bi tip theo s ch ra cho chng ta cch thc theo di mc s dng ti nguyn trong d n.

Bi 9: Theo di mc s dng ti nguyn

Bn c th cn theo di mc s dng ti nguyn trong d n c th so snh vi k hoch t ra. iu ny gip bn thy c hiu qu vic s dng ti nguyn v c k hoch tt hn cho nhng d n sau ny. Bi ny bao gm cc im chnh sau: Nhp tng s thi gian thc t s dng ti nguyn. So snh vic s dng ti nguyn trong thc t v k hoch 1. Nhp tng s thi gian thc t s dng ti nguyn Nu k hoch thc hin cng vic ca bn c xy dng trn cc ti nguyn, vic theo di tin da trn s thi gian hon thnh cng vic th bn c th theo di c thi gian s dng ngun ti nguyn . Khi bn nhp thng tin thi gian thc t s dng ti nguyn, Microsoft Project s t ng tnh li s thi gian cn li s dng ngun ti nguyn . Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Task Usage. Trn menu View, mc Table, v chn Work. Trong ct TaskName, c tn cng vic v ti nguyn c lit k

i vi mi mt ti nguyn, nhp s thi gian thc t s dng thc hin cng vic. 2. So snh vic s dng ti nguyn trong thc t v k hoch Bn c th theo di vic s dng ti nguyn trong thc t v k hoch. Trong phn ny bn cng c th theo di c s thi gian qu ti i vi vic s dng ti nguyn. Trn menu View, Click Resource Usage. Trn menu View, mc Table, chn Work. Vi mi mt ti nguyn bn c th so snh chi ph gia hai ct Baseline v Actual. B4 m bo rng cc ct Work v Act. Work c th hin trn khung nhn. Trn menu Format, mc Details v chn Work nu n cha c chn. Tip tc nh vy chn ct Actual Work ngha cc ct trong bng: Work: Thi gian thc hin theo thc t. Baseline: Thi gian thc hin cng vic theo k hoch. Overtime: Thi gian ngoi gi. Variance: Khong thi gian thay i gia thc t v k hoch. Actual: Thi gian thc t thc hin c. Remaining: Thi gian thc t cn li. B1 B2 B3

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%W. Coml: S phn trm cng vic thc hin. Kt lun: Bi ny a ra cch nhp tng s thi gian thc t vic s dng ti nguyn, so snh vic s dng ti nguyn trong thc t v k hoch. Bi tip theo s ni r cho chng ta vic theo di chi ph hin ti v kh nng ti chnh ca d n.

Bi 10. Theo di chi ph hin ti v kh nng ti chnh

Bn c th cn phi theo di cc thng tin v chi ph trong nhng giai on nht nh ca d n c nhng thng tin ti chnh mt cch chnh xc nht. Bi ny gm cc im chnh sau Nhp chi ph thc t cho cng vic bng tay So snh chi ph hin ti v k hoch Xem xt chi ph ton b d n Phn tch ti chnh vi bng Earned Value 1. Nhp chi ch thc t cho cng vic bng tay Microsoft Project t ng cp nhp chi ph thc t cho cng vic da theo chi ph v cc ti nguyn s dng trong cng vic v theo qu trnh hon thnh cng vic. Tuy nhin bn cng c th nhp chi ph cho cng vic bng tay. Trc ht bn cn tt ch t ng cp nhp chi ph cho cng vic v sau bn s nhp chi ph thc t cho cng vic . B1 Trn menu Tools, mc Options, v chn tab Calculation.

B2

Chn la chn Manual

B4

Trn menu View menu, chn Task Usage.

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B5

Trn menu View, mc Table, chn Tracking.

B6

Mt hp thoi xut hin.

B7

Trong ct Act. Cost, nhp chi ph thc t .

2. So snh chi ph hin ti v k hoch Chi ph thc hin d n theo k hoch c th s khc vi chi ph thc t thc hin. Chnh v l do bn cn phi theo di chi ph thc hin cc cng vic trong qa trnh thc hin v m bo rng tng chi ph thc hin d n s khng nm ngoi d kin. B1 Trn menu View, chn khung nhn Gantt Chart.

B2

Trn menu View, mc Table, chn Cost.

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B3

So snh cc gi tr ti cc ct Total Cost v Baseline tc l ct tng chi ph thc t v k hoch.

3. Xem xt chi ph ton b d n Vi Microsoft Project, bn c th thy c tng chi ph theo k hoch, theo thc t, chi ph s dng v chi ph cn li thc hin d n B1 Trn menu Project, chn mc Project Information.

B2

Chn Statistics. Chi ph theo k hoch, thc t v chi ph tip tc thc hin d n c hin th.

4. Phn tch ti chnh vi bng Earned Value Nu bn mun so snh tin trnh thc hin d n mong i vi tin trnh thc t vo mt thi im no , bn c th s dng bng Earned Value Bn c th s dng bng Earned Value d on liu rng vi tnh hnh hin ti th cng vic s kt thc vi mt chi ph vt qu kh nng cho php hay khng. V d nu mt cng vic hon thnh hn 50% v chi ph thc t l 200$, bn c th thy c 200$ l nhiu hn, t hn hay bng so vi vic thc hin 50% cng vic ny theo k hoch. Ct VAC th hin s khc nhau v chi ph gia thc t v k hoch. B1 B2 B3 Trong menu View, chn Gantt Chart. Trn menu View, mc Table, v chn More Tables. Mt hp thoi Table hin ra

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Trong danh sch cc bng, chn bng Earned Value, sau Click Apply. B4

Ch : Nu ct VAC l m th theo tin thc t ny th qu ti chnh d nh theo k hoch s m. Ngc li, qu ti chnh s dng Kt lun: Qua bi ny chng ta c th xem xt chi ph ton b d n, so snh chi ph hin ti v k hoch, phn tch ti chnh cho d n. Bi sau s ni v vic xem v in cc bo biu phc v cho d n.

Bi 11: Xem v in cc bo biu

Vic in n cc bo biu c th theo cc dng sau: o Cc bo co chun ca Microsoft Project 2007. o Tin chung ca d n. o Bo co lch trnh cc cng vic. o Bo co v vic s dng ti nguyn v cc cng vic. o Bo co v lch lm vic theo tun, qu, thng. Bi ny gm cc im chnh sau Cc bo biu chun ca Microsoft Project Thit lp cu hnh trang in. In cc biu ca d n. 1. Cc bo biu chun ca Microsoft Project Trong menu Reports chn mc Reports Hp thoi Reports hin ln:

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 ngha ca cc bng la chn: Mc Overview Current Activities Cost Assignment Workload Custom ngha Cc biu tng quan v d n Bo co v cc cng vic Cc bo biu v ti chnh ca d n Bo biu v phn b ti nguyn Bo biu v vic thc hin cng vic v s dng ti nguyn Bo biu c thit lp bi ngi s dng

2. In cc biu ca d n Biu tin ca d n thng c in di 2 dng chnh: Biu Gantt S mng Network Diagram Trong menu File chn Print Preview - Khung nhn Print Preview hin th:

3. Thit lp cu hnh trang In Trong menu File, chn Page Setup Hp thoi Page Setup xut hin Trong hp thoi Page Setup ny cho php thit lp cc tham s Page: t cch nhn kh giy cho trang in. Margins: Cn l trang in. Header: Cc tiu bn trn trang in ca d n. Footer: Cc tiu bn di trang in ca d n. Legend: Cc hnh minh ha cho trang in. View: Thit lp cc cu hnh cho trang in.

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Kt lun: Bi ny bn v cc bo biu chun ca Microsoft Project, thit lp cu hnh trang in v in cc biu phc v d n. y cng chnh l bi cui cng ca cun sch. Hy vng cc bn nm vng c cc bi hc v d n ca cc bn c thnh cng m mn.

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