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cng v p n Ha phn tch Dc 4.

2A
Bi 2:Tnh pH v v ng chun 100ml dung dch NH3 0,2M bng dung dch chun
HCl 0,2M ti cc thi im VHCl = 0,10,50,99,100,110,150,200ml.
Hy tnh sai s chun nu dng ch th phenolftalein pT = 9 lm chit th bit NH3 c
Kb = 10-4,75.
Tr li:
Hy v ng chun , tnh sai s chun
NH3+ HCl = NH4Cl
Ta c:
V=0 dung dch ch c NH3
[OH-] = = pOH =2,785 pH = 14- pOH = 11,215
V= 50ml < Vt dung dch c dd m NH4+/NH3
[H+] = pH = 9,43
V= 90ml < Vt dung dch c dd m NH4+/NH3
pH = 8,48
V= 99ml < Vt dung dch c dd m NH4+/NH3
[H+] = pH = 7,43
V= 100ml ti im tng ng dung dch c NH4
[H+] = pH = 5,37
V= 101ml , Vt < V , dung dch c NH4+ , H+
[H+] pH = 3,303
V= 150ml , Vt < V , dung dch c NH4+ , H+
[H+] = PH = 1,7
Tnh sai s:|
Sai s khi dng ch th phenolphtalein c pT = 9 dng chun
pHt = 5,125 dng phenolphtalein pT = 9 l dng chun trc im tng ng vy
d base NH3 suy ra sai s base:
Ss base = (Tng lng base phn ng)/(Tng lng base ban u).100 = [NH_3 ]d/
([NH_4^+ ]+[NH_3 ]d ).100= K_a/([H^+ ]c+K_a ).100
= 10^(-9,25)/(10^(-9)+ 10^(-9,25) ).100=36%
V ng chun :|

Bi 3: V mt qu trng c sy kh v cn 5,615 g, chuyn vo cc 250ml, ha tan


bng 25ml HCl 6M.Sau khi lc, dd cha v trng ha tan c pha long thnh 250ml
dd ny cho vo bnh nn, thm m pH 10. Chun vi EDTA 0,051 M cn 8,5 ml.
Xc nh % CaCO3 trong mu
Tr li:
Xac inh % CaCO3 trong mu
Ptp: CaCO3 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + H2CO3
Ca2+ + HInd2- = CaInd- + H+
Ca2+ + H2Y2- = CaY2- + 2H+
CaInd- + H2Y2- = CaY2- + HInd2- + H+

Bi 6: Tnh tan ca Ca3(PO4)2 trong mi trng acid c pH = 3,5. Bit H3PO4 c


pK1 = 2,12. pK2 = 7,21. pK3 = 12,36. Tch s tan ca Ca3(PO4) l 2,0.10-29.
Tr li:
Tnh tan ca Ca2(PO4)2? pH=3,5
H3PO4 : pK1=2,12; pK2 = 7,21; pK3 = 12,36;
TCa2(PO4)2 = 2,0*10-29
T
Ca2(PO4)2 3Ca2+ + 2PO43S 3S 2S
PO4 = [H3PO4] + [H2PO4-] + [HPO42-] + [PO43-]
Gi S l tan ca Ca2(PO4)2 , trong mi trng pH = 3,5
Ta c :
[Ca2+] = 3S
} T = [ Ca2+]3 [PO4]2 = [3S]3 - [2S]2 ==.> T = 33.22.S5
[ PO4] = 2S

Th cc tr s vo,ta c:
= 2*10-6 1,56*10-4
Bi 8: Mt mu c th cha NaOH, NaCO3 v NaOH mt mnh hoc kt hp, cng vi
vt liu tr.Mt phn mu cn nng 857,6 mg c ha tan v c chun vi dd chun
HCl 0,1163 M.Khi ch th phenolftalein chuyn mu c c 21,64 ml v thm 14,90 ml
th methyl chuyn mu
Thnh phn nh tnh ca dd mu l j?
Tnh hm lng % ca mi cht trong mu?
Tr li:
a, Thnh phn nh tnh ca mu l g?
Ptp: NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O (pH=7)
Na2CO3 + HCl = NaHCO3 + NaCl (pH=8,4)
NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + H2CO3 (pH=3,7)
V2 - V1
phenolphtalein chuyn mu: V1= 21,64ml
methyl chuyn mu: V2= 21,64 + 14,90 = 36,54ml
V1 > V2 , mu c thnh phn nh tnh l NaOH v Na2CO3, khng c dng kt hp
NaHCO3
b. tnh hm lng % ca mi cht trong mu
V2-V1 l th tch dung dch cn dng chun NaHCO3. V V1 l th tch dung dch
chun HCl dng chun NaOH v nc 1 ca Na2CO3 thnh NaHCO3 nn: V1-( V2V1)=2V1-V2 l th tch HCl cn chun NaOH vy:
VNaOH = 2V1-V2
VNa2CO3 = V2-V1

Cu 9: 100,0ml mu nc ung c x l vi dung dch m NH3/NH4Cl a pH


n 10. Sau khi thm ch th ET00, chun mu bng dung dch chun EDTA 5,2.103M, ht 21,46ml. Tnh cng ca nc di dng CaCO3/L.
Tnh cng ca nc di dng CaCO3/L
Ptp: Ca2+ + HInd2- = CaInd- + H+
Ca2+ + H2Y- = CaY2- + 2H+
CaInd- + H2Y- = CaY2- + HInd2- + H+
ppm CaCO3mg/l = VEDTA.CEDTA.MCaCO3. =5,2.10-3.21,46.100. = 111,592ppm
Cu 10: 50,0 ml dung dch Fe2+ 0,112M c chun bng dung dch chun KMnO4
0,025M. Gi s nng [H+] trong sut qu trnh chun bng 0,1M. Tnh th ca
dung dch sau khi thm 20,0ml; ti im tng ng; v khi thm 80,0ml dung dch
chun KMnO4 . Cho E0Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,771V; E0MnO4-/Mn2+ = 1,51V. Tnh sai s nu
dng chun ti th E = 1,10V.
Tr li:
Tnh th ca dung dch sau khi thm vo cc th tch KMnO4?
Ptp:
5Fe2+ - 5e- = 5Fe3+
5Fe2+ + MnO42- + 8H+ = Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
MnO42- + 5e- + 8H+ = Mn2++ 4H2O
Ta c:
Vt =
a) VKMnO4 = 20ml : V < Vt
Trong dd khng cn ion MnO42-, th ca dd l th ca cp Fe3+/Fe2+
b) V=Vt :
[H+] = 0,1 ( cho)
=
=
Et = =
5
c)VKMnO4 = 80ml: V >Vt
Trong dd khng cn ion Fe2+ , th ca dd l th ca cp MnO42-.H+/ Mn2+
d. Tnh sai s nu dng chun d ti E = 1,1(V)
Eind = 1,1 < dng chun trc im tng ng.

Et = 1,308

[Fe3+] = 5CV/(V_0+ V)
[Fe2+] = (C_0 V_0-5CV )/(V_0+ V)
E = 0,771 + 0,05916lg5CV/(C_0 V_0-5CV)
(50.0,112-5.0,025V)

1,1 = 0,771 + 0,05916lg(5.0,025.V)/

lg(0,125.V)/(5,6-0,125V) = 5,56 = lg105,56

0,125V = 105,56(5,6 0,125V)

V = (5,6.10^5,56)/(0,125+0,125.10^5,56 ) = 44,799
S% = (Fe^(2+) chun- Fe^(2+) ban u)/(Fe^(2+) ban u).100= 5CV/
(C_0 V_0-5CV).100
= (5.0,025.44,799-50.0,112)/50.0,112.100= -2,232.10^(-3)%
Cu 12: Hay trinh bay phep o bac xac inh cac halogenua bng phng phap Volhard
Tr li:
Phng phap Volhard: chi thi tao phc
Dung AgNO3- kt tua ht Hal
Ag+ + Hal AgHal
D, chinh xac
Sau khi phan ng xong, inh lng Ag+ tha bng dd KSCN vi chi thi la Fe3+
Ag+ d + SCN- AgSCN
Nhn ra im tng ng khi d mt giot KSCNFe3+ + 6SCN- Fe(SCN)3-6
Mi trng acid manh
Nh vy
NVAgNO3 = NVCl- + NVSCNCu 13: Hay trinh bay nguyn tc cua pheo o bac chun cac halogenua theo phng
phap Mohr?
Phng phap Mohr: chi thi kt tua
Hal- : Cl-, Br-, INguyn tc: da vao phan ng
AgNO3 + NaHal AgHal
Chi thi: K2CrO4
2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3
Mi trng trung tinh hoc acid yu
Bi 15: Hm lng protein trong mt mu b c phn tch bng phng php Kjeldahl
xc nh Nit. Sau khi phn hy 0,9814 gam mu b, Nit c oxy ha thnh NH4+,
c chuyn thnh NH3 dng NaOH ri c chng ct vo mt bnh tam gic cha
50,00ml dung dch HCl 0,1047 M. Lng d HCl c chun ngc vi NaOH
0,1183 M dng ch th bromothymol xanh, cn 22,84 ml. Hy tnh % protein trong mu

b, bit rng trung bnh c 1,00 gam Nit trong 6,38 gam protein.
Tr li:
Ptp: N NH4+
NH4+ + OH- = NH3 + H2O
NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
HCld + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
Bi 16: Ha tan 1,20 gam mu phn photphat vo nc. Thm 20,0 ml dung dch AgNO3
0,25 M kt ta ht PO43- di dng Ag3PO4. Chun lng d Ag+ ht 8,0 ml
dung dch KSCN 0,120 M . tnh %P2O5 trong phn bn.
Tr li:
Tinh % P2O5 trong mu phn bon?
Ptp:
P2O5 + 3H2O = 2H3PO4 (1)
3Ag+ + PO43- = Ag3PO4 (2)
Ag+d + SCN- = AgSCN (3)
%P2O5 =
=%
Bi 19: Tnh PH ca cc dung dch hn hp sau:
Trn 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M vi 50ml NaOH 0,2M.
Trn 100ml dung dch NH3 0,1M vi 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M.
Trn 0,4gam NaOH vi 100ml dung dch acid H3PO4 0,1M.
Trn 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v pha long
n 1 lt.
Tr li:
Trn 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M vi 50ml NaOH 0,2M:
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
10mmol 10mmol 10mmol
sau khi trn c CH3COONa: 10mmol l mt base n yu: [ CH3COONa ] = 10/150 =
1/15 ( M ) Theo t l phn ng 1:1
[OH-] = (2&K_(b.) K_c )= (2& pH = 8,79 pOH = 5,21 10^(-14)/10^(4,75) .1/15)
Trn 100ml dung dch NH3 0,1M vi 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
10mmol 5mmol 5mmol
Sau khi trn: [NH4+] = 5/125(M); [NH3]d = 5/125(M)
Dung dch sau khi trn: NH4+/NH3 l cp acid base lin hp:
[H+] = Ka.C_a/C_b = 10^(-14)/10^(-4,75) . 5/125.125/5 = 10^(-9,25 pH
= 9,25 )
Trn 0,4gam NaOH vi 100ml dung dch acid H3PO4 0,1M:
3NaOH + H3PO4 Na3PO4 + 3H2O

10mmol 10mmol 10mmol


Dung dch sau khi trn c: Na3PO4 10mmol, NaOH d : 100- 30=70mmol
pH do NaOH d quyt nh
pH = 13,85 pOH = 0,15 [OH-] = 70/100 = 0,7
Trn 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v pha long
n 1 lt:
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
10mmol 10mmol 10mmol
Sau khi trn dung dch c CH3COONa l mt n base yu:
[CH3COONa ] = 10/1000 = 1/100 = 10^(-2)(M)
[OH-] = (2&K_b C_b )= (2& pH = 8,375 pOH = 5,625 10^(-9,25)
10^(-2) )
Bi 20: Tnh PH ca cc dung dch hn hp sau:
Trn 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M vi 0,4gam NaOH.
Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,05M.
Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M.
Trn 100ml dung dch NH3 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,05M.
Tr li:
Trn 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M vi 0,4gam NaOH
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
20mmol 100mmol 20mmol
Dung dch sau khi trn c: CH3COONa 20mmol, NaOH d : 100- 20=80mmol
pH do NaOH d quyt nh
pH = 13,903 pOH = 0,097 [OH-] = 80/100 = 0,8
Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,05M
S mol H+ ban u 10mmol + 5mmol = 15 mmol
pH = 1,125 Sau khi trn: [H+] = 15/200
Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
15mmol 10mmol 10mmol
pH = 12,52 pOH = 1,48 [OH-] = (15-10)/150 = 1/30
Trn 100ml dung dch NH3 0,1M vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,05M
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
10mmol 5mmol 5mmol
Dung dch sau khi trn: NH4+/NH3 l cp acid base lin hp:
[H+] = Ka.C_a/C_b = 10^(-14)/10^(-4,75) . 5/200.200/5 = 10^(-9,25 pH
= 9,25 )
Cu 21: 0,250 gam mu cht oxy ha dng cho b bi cha Ca(OCl)2 c ha tan trong
H2SO4 0,5M cha lng d KI. I2 gii phng ra bi phn ng trong dung dch trn c
chun bng 38,17ml dung dch chun Na2S2O3 t im tng ng dng ch th
h tinh bt. Mt khc, cn 101,3 mg cht chun K2Cr2O7, ha tan trong dung dch
H2SO4 long cha lng d KI. Chun I2 thot ra ht 23,45 ml dung dch chun
Na2S2O3 trn. Tnh % Ca(OCl)2 trong mu.
Tr li:
Tnh % Ca(OCl)2 trong mu

Ptp:
OCl- + 2I- + 2H+ = I2 + Cl2 + H2O
I2 + 2S2O3- = 2I- + S4O62Cr2O72- + 6I- + 14H+ = 2Cr3+ + 3I2 + 7H2O
Cu 22: Cc yu cu ca mt phn ng dng trong phn tch th tch?
Tr li:
Yu cu ca p ha hc dng trong phn tnh th tch:
Thuc thu chn phi phn ng hon ton vi cht cn nh lng theo mt phng
trnh phn ng nht nh, ng vi cc h s nht nh. Vd: aA + bB = cC + dD.
Phn ng phi xy ra nhanh, vi cc p chm cn phi lm tng tc ca chng nh:
un nng hoc thm cc cht xc tc thch hp.
Phn ng phi chn lc, ngha l thuc th ch tc dng vi cht cn nh ln, khng
phn ng vi cc cht khc( khng c phn ng ph).
Phi c ch th thch hp xc nh im tng ng ca phn ng chun vi sai s
chp nhn c.
B Phn loi:
Phn ng trung ha: l phn ng c s trao i Proton H+. Dng nh lng cc acid,
base, mt s mui trong mi trng nc hoc mi trng khan.
Vd: HCl + NaOH = NaCL + H2O
Phn ng oxy ha kh: l phn ng c s nhn mt hoc nhiu e gia hai cht, cht cho e
v cht nhn e.Dng nh lng mt s cht c tnh oxy ha hoc kh.
Vd: 2FeCl3 + SnCl2 = 2FeCl2 + SnCl4
Phn ng kt ta: l phn ng to ra hp cht kh tan.
Vd: Dng thuc th AgNO3 nh lng cc halogennua.
AgNO3 + NaCl = AgCl + NaNO3
Phn ng to phc: l phn ng to thnh cc phc cht.
Vd: pp Complexon dng tt EDTA nh lng Calci, magnesi trong nc.
Cu 23: Cc yu cu ca mt cht dng lm cht gc pha dung dch chun dng trong
phn tch th tch?
Tr li:
A-Yu cu cht gc dng pha dung dch chun:
- Cht gc l 1 cht bn c thnh phn ha hc ng vi cng thc ha hc
- tinh khit cao, tp cht di 0,1%
- Cht gc v dung dch chun c pha ch t cht gc phi bn vng.
- Khi lng phn t cht gc cng ln cng tt, sai s cng t.
( Yu cu ti thiu khi cn phi 100mg )
B-V d:
1.Cht gc: H2C2O4, Na2CO3, K2Cr2O7, KIO, NaCl, AgNO3, KSCN
2.Cht khng phi gc:
-NaOH: D ht nc v carbonat ha
- KMnO4: Thng ln MnO2

- HCl: D bay hi
- H2O2: D phn hy

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