Chuyen de Tuong Chan Dat 7382

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t
PH LC
A. MT S KHI NIM M U .......................................................................................................................... 2
I. PHN LOI TNG CHN T ........................................................................................................................ 7
1. Phn loi theo cng ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2. Phn loi theo nguyn tc lm vic: ................................................................................................................. 8
3. Phn loi theo chiu cao ................................................................................................................................... 8
4. Phn loi theo gc nghing ca lng tng. ..................................................................................................... 8
5. Phn loi theo kt cu. ...................................................................................................................................... 9
II. THOT NC CHO KHI T P SAU TNG CHN.............................................................................. 9
III. IU KIN S DNG CA CC LOI TNG CHN ............................................................................... 10
IV. S LC V L THUYT TNH TON P LC T LN TNG CHN................................................. 10
1. Nhm l thuyt cn bng gii hn ca khi rn ............................................................................................. 10
2. Nhm theo thuyt cn bng gii hn phn t (im) ...................................................................................... 11
B. TNH TON P LC T TC DNG LN TNG CHN ..................................................................... 11
I. CC GI THIT V NHNG LIN H C BN .............................................................................................. 11
1. Cc gi thit c bn v s lc .................................................................................................................... 11
2. Nguyn l tnh ton ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Bng vic s dng phng php gii tch m h phng trnh trn c gii c v thu c kt qu nh sau:13
II. TNH TON P LC CH NG TC DNG LN TNG CHN............................................................. 13
1. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp t ri (,, 0 #0, c0=c=0) ............................. 13
2. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp t dnh, mi t phng, b qu gc ma st gia t v
tng chn .(= f0 = 0, c#0). ............................................................................................................................ 14
3. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp tng qut (, f0,, c0, c#0). ................................ 16
C. THIT K TNG CHN T ....................................................................................................................... 25
D. THIT K TNG CHN T TRNG LC .............................................................................................. 26
I. CHN MT CT TNH TON ............................................................................................................................ 26
II. XC NH NGOI LC TC DNG LN TNG CHN ............................................................................. 27
III. KIM TRA IU KIN N NH CA TNG CHN ................................................................................ 27
1.1 Kim ton iu kin n nh trt ca tng chn t. ................................................................................ 27
1.2 Kim ton iu kin n nh lt ca tng chn t. ........................................................................................ 28
1.3 Kim ton iu kin m bo sc chu ti ca t nn (TCXD 45-78). ....................................................... 28
1.4 Kim tra ln ca tng chn (TCXD 45-78). ............................................................................................... 29
E. KIM TON S N NH CA MI TA LUY T ....................................................................................... 33
*. Phng php phn mnh Fellenius: ................................................................................................................ 34
CHUYN : P LC T, THIT K TNG

CHN T
A. MT S KHI NIM M U
- Tng chn t l cng trnh gi cho mi t p hoc mi h o khi b st
trt. Tng chn t c s dng rng ri trong cc ngnh xy dng, giao thng, thu
li Khi lm vic tng chn t tip xc vi khi t sau tng v chu tc dng cu
p lc t.
- Khi thit k tng chn t cn tnh ton chnh xc cn thn v y ti trng
tc dng ln tng chn c bit l p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn khng nhng
m bo c an ton cho cng trnh m con tit kim c nhiu chi ph xy dng.
- Mt s s c xy ra vi cng trnh tng chn:
I. PHN LOI TNG CHN T

1. Phn loi theo cng
Chia lm 2 loi: Tng cng v tng mm
- Tng cng: Khng c bin dng un khi chu p lc t m ch c chuyn v
tnh tin v chuyn v xoay. Mt s tng cng thng gp: Tng b tng, hc,
tng xy gch
- Tng mm: C bin dng un khi chu p lc t. Mt s thng gp: Tng
lm bng tm g, thp , tng c
2. Phn loi theo nguyn tc lm vic:

- Tng trng lc (Hnh I-1a): n nh c m bo ch yu do trng lng
bn thn tng. Cc loi tng cng thuc loi tng trng lc.
- Tng na trng lc (Hnh I-1b): n nh c m bo khng ch do
trng lng bn thn tng v bn mng m cn do trng lng ca khi t p nm
trn bn mng. Loi tng ny lm bng BTCT nhng chiu dy ca tng kh ln (do
cn c gi l tng dy).
- Tng bn gc (Hnh I-1c): n nh c m bo ch yu do trng lng
khi t p ln bn mng. Tng v mng l nhng bn, tm b tng ct thp mng
nn trng lng ca bn thn tng v mng khng ln. Tng bn mng c dng ch
L nn cn c gi l tng ch L.
- Tng mng (Hnh I-1d): s n nh ca loi tng ny c m bo bng
cch chn tng vo trong nn. Do loi tng ny cn gi l tng cc v tng c.
gim bt chn su trong t ca tng v tng cng ca tng ngi ta
thng dng dy no.
Hnh I-1
3. Phn loi theo chiu cao
- Tng thp: c chiu cao nh hn 10m

- Tng trung bnh: chiu cao H=10-20m.
- Tng cao: c chiu cao H>20m.
4. Phn loi theo gc nghing ca lng tng.
- Tng dc (Hnh I-2a,b): li c phn thnh 2 loi dc thun v dc nghch.

- Tng thoi (Hnh I-2c): gc nghing ca lng tng ln.
Hnh I-2
5. Phn loi theo kt cu.
- Tng lin khi: lm bng BT, xy , gch xy,

- Tng lp ghp.
- Tng r
- Tng t c ct.
II. THOT NC CHO KHI T P SAU TNG CHN
D t p sau tng chn l loi t ri hoc t dnh, nc trong khi t p
l thay i tnh cht c l, c hoc ca t lm cho tng chn t trng thi nguy him
do p lc t tng ln v c p lc tu tnh ph thm.
Vic thot nc cho khi t p sau tng c hai mc ch ch yu nh sau:
+ To iu kin cho nc tch cha trong l rng ca t thot nc ra nhanh
chng hoc ngn nga nc thm vo khi t p.
+ Ngn nga nc tip xc vi lng tng tr kh p lc nc tc dng ln
tng.
Nc thm vo khi t p sau tng do mt s ngun sau:
+ Nc ma ri ngm xung.
+ Nc mt cc vng ln cn ngm vo.
+ Nc ngm cc vng khc ti.
thot nc cho khi t p sau tng thng phi dng thit b thot nc
gm 4 b phn:
+ Thot nc mt: dng rnh nh thot nc
+ Gim nh lng thm vo khi t p: xy p mi t bng gch, , lng
va xi mng.
+ Thot nc trong khi t p: Lm rnh thot nc trong t sau k
+ Thot nc ra ngoi phm vi tng bng t ng nha hoc l h.
III. IU KIN S DNG CA CC LOI TNG CHN

Hin nay tng chn c nhiu loi hnh khc nhau; mi loi ch nn s dng
trong mt s iu kin c th mi em li hiu qu kinh t cao
So vi loi tng th tng mng bng BTCT cho hiu qu kinh t cao hn s
vi tng trng lc; xi mng dng cho tng bn mng t hn 2 ln ct thp nhiu hn
mt khi lng khng ng k. u im ni bt ca loi tng lm bng BTCT l c th
s dng phng php lp ghp v yu cu v nn khng cao nn t phi x l nn.
Khi chiu cao tng chn H<=6m, tng bn gc (kiu cng xn) bng BTCT
c khi lng t hn tng c bn sn. Khi H=6-8m th khi lng ca hai loi ny
ngang nhau. Nu H>8m th tng bn sn c khi lng BTCT nh hn tng kiu
cng xn.
Tng chn t bng BT ch nn dng khi ct thp qu t hoc khan him, bi
v BT ca tng chn trng lc ch pht huy mt phn nh kh nng chu lc m thi.
V vy khng nn dng BT cng cao lm tng. gim bt khi lng c th
lm thm tr chng, b gim ti t khong 1/4 chiu cao tng. Tng c lng
nghing v pha t p.
Tng xy cn t xi mng hn, thi gian thi cng nhanh, n gin. p dng
ni sn c .
Tng gch xy cao khng qu 3-4m nn dng c tr chng.
IV. S LC V L THUYT TNH TON P LC T LN TNG
CHN
n nay c kh nhiu thuyt v p lc t theo nhng quan im khc nhau
Tu theo l thuyt c xt n cng (bin dng) ca tng, c th phn thnh 2
loi: loi khng xt n cng ca tng v loi c xt n cng ca tng.
Loi khng xt n bin dng ca tng gi thuyt tng tuyt i cng ch xt
n cc tr s p lc t trng thi gii hn: p lc t b ng v p lc ch ng.
Thuc loi ny chia lm 3 nhm chnh sau:
1. Nhm l thuyt cn bng gii hn ca khi rn
Cc thuyt theo nhm ny u gi thit khi t trt sau tng chn, gii hn
bi mt trt c dng nh trc, nh mt khi rn trng thi cn bng gii hn. Tu
theo hnh dng mt trt gi thit, nhm ny hin nay pht trin theo hai xu hng:
- Xu hng gi thit mt trt phng: i din c thuyt C.A. Cu lng (1773), su
c I.V Pngxl, K. Cunman, .
- Xu hng gi thit mt trt cong: W, Flniut, L, Rnulic
10
2. Nhm theo thuyt cn bng gii hn phn t (im)

Tnh cc tr s p lc t vi gi thit cc im ca mi trng t p t trng
thi cn bng gii hn cng mt lc, i din cho thuyt ny c W,J,M Rng kin sau
c mt s nh nghin cu pht trin thm v c pht trin theo 2 xu hng:
- Xu hng gii tch: a din c l thuyt ca V.V. Xclpxki.
- Xu hng gii: gii cc bi ton l thuyt cn bng gii hn theo phng
php gii bng h vng trn c trng.
n nay l thuyt tnh p lc t ln tng mm cha c nghin cu y
bng l thuyt p lc t ln tng cng.
B. TNH TON P LC T TC DNG LN TNG CHN
hn
S dng thuyt p lc t Culng c xy dng t nm 1773, Sau c

nhiu nh khoa hc pht trin m rng cho t dnh.
Thuyt ny n gin, c kh nng gii c nhiu bi ton thc t. Trc y,
nh hng ca lnh dnh khng c xt n khi tnh ton p lc t tc dng ln tng
chn. Hin nay lc dnh ca cc loi t c tiu chun ho v c xt n khi tnh
ton p lc ch ng ca t.
Vic la chn gi tr lc dnh ca t a vo tnh ton nh hng rt nhiu n
tr s p lc ca t ln tng chn. Khi tnh ton p lc t tc dng ln tng chn c
xt n lc dnh v khi khng c lc lc dnh sai khc nhau rt ln nh hng n gi tr
ca cng trnh. V vy khi tnh ton ngi thit k nn cn nhc la chn gi tr lc dnh
cho ph hp vi thc t v gi tr kinh t cho cng trnh.
I. CC GI THIT V NHNG LIN H C BN
1. Cc gi thit c bn v s lc
Thuyt p lc t ca Cu Lng d trn
my gi thit c bn nh sau:
1.1 Trng thi gii hn ca trng chn
cng v khi t p sau tng c xc nh
bng s dch chuyn (trt hoc lt) ca tng
gy cho mt khi t sau tng c xu th tch ra
G
T0
T
v trt theo mt mt phng no . Mt lng
tng cng l mt mt trt (qui c l mt trt
th 2)
1.2 Khi t trt xem nh mt khi rn
E
tuyt i c gii hn bng hai mt trt: mt
R
trt pht sinh trong khi t p v mt lng
?
L0
?0
11
tng
1.3 Tr s p lc ch ng ln tng chn c xc nh tng ng vi lc y
ca khi t trt rn tuyt i ln tng chn ng vi trng thi cn bng gii hn
ca n ln hai mt trt.
1.4 Lc dnh ca t p c xem nh tc dng theo phng ca mt trt v
phn b u trn mt trt:
T=c.L
T0=c0.L0
Trong :
c- Lc dnh n v ca t p.
c0- Lc dnh n v ca t p vi lng tng.
L- Chiu di mt trt th nht
L0- Chiu di mt trt th hai
2. Nguyn l tnh ton
- Gc gia lng tng vi mt thng ng.
0 - Gc gia mt nm ngang v mt trt gi nh.
=900- - f0
G trng lng khi t trt
Chiu cc lc theo phng U vung gc vi phn lc R t ta tnh c
p lc ca t tc dung ln tng
E
G sin( 0 ) T cos T0 sin( 0 )

sin( 0 )
(I-2.1)
Trong phng trnh trn cc n s l E v gc 0 . Cc i lng G, T c biu

th qua gc 0 , tr s T0 xem nh i lng bit.
gii bi ton tm p lc Emax coi E l hm s vi n l 0 bng cc gii h
phng trnh:
sin( 0 )
dE 0
d 0
(I-2.2)
12
Bng vic s dng phng php gii tch m h phng trnh trn c gii c
v thu c kt qu nh sau:
II. TNH TON P LC CH NG TC DNG LN TNG CHN
1. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp t ri (,, C0
#0, c0=c=0)
Cng thc tnh p lc ch ng l:

Ecd
1
K cd . .H 2
2
Trong :
- Trng lng ring ca t
Kcd- H s p lc ch ng:
Kcd
cos 2 ( )
sin( 0 ). sin( )
cos 2 . cos( 0 ).1
cos( 0 ). cos( )
(I-3.1)
f- Gc ma st trong ca t.
f0- Gc ma st gia t v tng
- Gc nghing ca mi t sau tng chn.
* Trong trng hp n gin : == f0 = 0 ta c:
Kcd tg 2 (450 / 2)
(I-3.2)
Trn chiu cao H ca tng chn, p lc t phn b theo lut bc nht vi
cng :
Pa = Kcd..z
z- su ca im xc nh cng p lc t.
Khi Ecd c im t ti chiu cao H/3.
Ecd
Pa = Kcd.
13
2. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp t dnh, mi

t phng, b qu gc ma st gia t v tng chn .(= f0 = 0, c#0).
* Trng hp = f0 =c0= 0; #0
1
c2
Ecd .Kcd . .H 2 C.c.H D
2
Pa Kcd . .z C.c
Trong :
cos
cos 2 (45 0
C2
2.Kcd
c- Lc dnh ca t.
Biu cng p lc t trn chiu cao H c mt on bng 0 n chiu su
Hc
C.c
. Ecd c im t l trng tm ca biu p lc.
.Kcd
* Trng hp = f0 =c0= = 0
1
c2
2
0
Ecd .Kcd . .H 2.c.H .tg (45 ) 2
2
2
Pa Kcd . , z 2.c.tg (45 0 )

2
Kcd xc nh theo cng thc (3.2)
Hc
Pa = 2.c. Kcd
Ecd
Pa = Kcd.
H-2.c. Kcd
V d I-1: Tnh p lc ch ng tc dng ln tng chn c chiu cao

H=6m, =2T/m3, , f=200, gc nghing =00; =00.trong hai trong hai trng hp
lc dnh c=0 T/m2 v c=2T/m2
14
Gii:
TH1: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn (c=c0===f0=0)
Gc nghing ca mi t sau tng chn

Gc nghing lng tng
Dung trng t nhin ca t p sau k
Gc ma st trong ca t C
Lc dnh ca t p sau tng c
Lc dnh ca gia t p v lng tng c0
Gc ma st gia t v lng tng f0
Chiu cao tng chn H=
Kc=
p lc ch ng Ecd=
im t Ecd so vi chn tng chn, Ha=
M men gy lt ti chn tng chn do Ecd
gy ra M=
0 ()
0 ()
2.000 (T/m3)
20 ()
0.000 (T/m2)
0.000 (T/m2)
10 ()
6.000 (m)
tg(45-/2)2
1/2*Kcd**H
H/3
0.000 (rad)
0.000 (rad)
2000 (kg/m3)
0.349 (rad)
0 (kg/m2)
0 (kg/m2)
0.175 (rad)
Ec*Ha=
35.301 (T.m)
0.490
17.650 (T)
2.000 (m)
TH2: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln Tng chn (c0===f0=0; c#0)

Gc nghing lng tng
Gc ma st trong ca t
Chiu cao tng chn H=
Kc=
p lc ch ng
1
c2
Ecd .Kcd . .H 2 2.c.H .tg (45 0 ) 2
2
2
im t Ecd so vi chn tng chn, Ha=

gy ra M=
0 ()
0 ()
2.000 (T/m3)
20 ()
2.000 (T/m2)
0.000 (T/m2)
0 ()
6.000 (m)
tg(45-/2)2
0.000 (rad)
0.000 (rad)
2000 (kg/m3)
0.349 (rad)
2000 (kg/m2)
0 (kg/m2)
0.000(rad)
0.490
4.845 (T)
1/3*(H- 2.c.tg(45+f/2))
1.066 (m)
Ec*Ha=
5.167 (T.m)
Nhn xt: So snh p lc t v m mem do p lc t gy ra ln tng chn

ph thuc rt ln vo lc dnh ca t. V vy trong qu trnh tnh ton khi a lc dnh
vo tnh ton ngi thit k cn xem xt la chn gi tr lc dnh cho ph hp m
bo tit kim v an ton cho cng trnh. Trong tnh ton nn ly gi tr lc dnh a vo
tnh ton Ctt=C/2, tt= -50
15
Trong v d trn ly Ctt=C/2=1T/m2 ta c gi tr tnh ton p lc t v mmen

do p lc t gy ra nh sau:
TH2: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn (==f0=0; c#0)

Gc nghing lng tng
Gc ma st trong ca t
Chiu cao tng chn H=
Kc=
p lc ch ng
1
c2
Ecd .Kcd . .H 2 2.c.H .tg (45 0 ) 2
2
2
0 ()
0 ()
2.000 (T/m3)
15 ()
1.000 (T/m2)
0.000 (T/m2)
10 ()
6.000 (m)
tg(45-/2)2
=
im t Ecd so vi chn tng chn, Ha= 1/3*(H- 2.c.tg(45+f/2))

gy ra M=
Ec*Ha=
0.000 (rad)
0.000 (rad)
2000 (kg/m3)
0.262 (rad)
1000 (kg/m2)
0 (kg/m2)
0.175 (rad)
0.589
12.989 (T)
1.488 (m)
19.333 (T.m)
3. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp tng qut (,

f0,, c0, c#0).
Xut pht t vic gii h phng trnh (I-2.2):
sin( 0 )
dE 0
d 0
3.1 Biu thc xc nh p lc ch ng ca t dnh:
16
c'
d
a
a0
G
T
T0
R
?0
Hnh I- 3
Cc k hiu c dng nh sau:
E- Lc y ca t ln tng (T/m)
G- Trng lng khi t ln tng chn (T/m)
T0- Lc dnh gia lng tng v khi t trt, tc dng ln mt trt lng
tng (T/m)
T- Lc dnh gia khi t nguyn v khi t trt, tc dng ln mt trt (T/m)
0- Gc trt lm vi phng nm ngang ()
- Gc trt lm vi phng thng ng ()
(0=900- )
- Gc nghing ca lng tng lm vi phng thng ng, ( c th m hoc
dng, hoc bng 0)
- Gc nghing ca mi t lm vi phng ngang, ( c th m hoc dng,
hoc bng 0)
- Gc ma st trong ca t ()
0- Gc ma st gia t p v lng tng ()
c - Lc dnh n v ca t p (T/m2)
c0 - Lc dnh n v ca t p vi lng tng (T/m2)
z0- su ca im c p sut ch ng Pc=0 (m)
h0 - su k h tip gip gia t p vi lng tng (gi tt l k h) (m)
hn- su k nt thng ng pht trin trong khi t p (m)
H- Chiu cao tng chn (m)
Ha - Chiu cao chu p lc ca tng chn (m) (Ha=H-H0)
17
A0; B0 - Ch s v kch thc hnh hc ca khi t p:

A, B l cc h s khng th nguyn:
A= sin- costg
B= cos + sintg; (=900--f0)
D0- Ch s v lc dnh tc dng ln lng tng: D0= c0Ha/
Dn- Ch s v lc dnh tc dng ln lng tng: Dn= c0(Hn+d)/
Trong :
Hn=H-hn
d= Htgtg
* Tnh p lc t ch ng E bng phng php gii tch vi:
G = [ din tch (ABC)-din tch (CCD)]
T0 = c0. A0B
T = c. BC
Sau cc php bin i gii tch ta c cng thc xc nh E nh sau:
E
K 0 K1tg K 2tg 2
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
(I-3.3)
Trong :
K0 = B0 Dn D0(1- tgtg)
K1 = A0 - Btg + Dn(tg+ tg + tg- tgtgtg)
K2 = - A0 tg - Dn - D0(tg+ tg)tg
D0
Dn
c0 H a
c( H n d )
d= Htgtg
A0
H ( H d ) hn2
2
B0
H (H d )
tg
2
A= sin- costg
B= cos + sintg; (=900--f0)
h0
2c
hn
2c
tg (450
1
1 tgtg
tg (450 )
3.2 Xc nh v tr mt trt :
18
Mt trt c xc nh khi bit x=tg tnh theo phng trnh:

dE
0( x tg )
dx
Hay
d K 0 K1tg K 2tg 2
0
dx (1 tgtg )( Atg B)
Bng php bin i cui cng ta tnh c gi tr tg l nghim ca phng

trnh bc 2 sau:
tg 2 M1tg M 2 0
A K0
1
tg
B K1
M1 2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
K1 K 0 A
( tg )
K2 K2 B
M2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
Tm c gc trt thay gi tr tg vo phng trnh (I-3.3) ta tm c p lc

ch ng ca t ln tng chn. Cng thc (I-3.3) l cng thc tng qut tnh p lc
t ln tng chn cho c trng hp mi t sau tng c nghing hoc phng (<0,
>0, =0), lng tng chn (<0, >0, =0). Lc dnh c (<0, >0, =0), c hay khng c lc
dnh gia t v tng chn (c0=0,#0) v gc ma st gia t v tng chn (0=0,#0)
Khi cho cc gi tri c=0, c0=0, =0, =0, 0=0 ta tnh c E nh trong cc
trng mc 3.1 v 3.2 trn.
3.3 Biu xc nh p lc ch ng ca t dnh ln lng tng:
Biu p lc ch ng ca t tc dng ln tng c dng tam gic nh hnh
v I-3
ti z=h0, Pcd = 0
ti z=h0, Pcd
2 Ecd
Ha
(Ha= H-h0)
Trng tm ca biu p lc t ti v tr im t cc chn tng mt on

bng 1/3 Ha.
V d I-2: Tnh p lc ch ng tc dng ln tng chn c chiu cao

H=6m, =2T/m3, , f=200, Xt cc trng hp gc nghing =0, (200); =0, (100 )
lc dnh c=0, (2) T/m2 v c0=0, (1)T/m2, f0=0, (2/3).
Gii:
19
TH1: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn

Gc nghing
20 ()
0.349 (rad)
Gc nghinga
10 ()
0.175 (rad)
2000
(kg/m3)
0.349 (rad)
2000
(kg/m2)
1000
(kg/m2)
2.000 (T/m3)
20.000 ()
Lc dnh ca t p sau tng C
2.000 (T/m2)
Lc dnh gia t v tng C0

Gc ma st gia t v tng
fo
Chiu cao tng chn H=
* Tr s p lc ch ng:
1.000 (T/m2)
13.333 ()
6.000 (m)
0.233 (rad)
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
* Tnh cc hng s tnh

ton
h0 = z0 =
2*c*tg(45+(f-a)/2)/g*1/(1+tgatgf) =
2.240
hn = zn =
Ha=
Hn=
2*c*tg(45+f/2)/g =
H-h0 =
H-hn =
2.856
3.760
3.144
d=
H*tg*tg =
0.385
D0=
co*Ha/g =
1.880
Dn=
Ao=
c*(Hn+d)/g =
H*(H+d)/2 -hn^2/2 =
3.529
15.076
Bo=
H*(H+d)*tg/2 =
3.378
90--fo =
1.164
sin=
0.918
cos=
0.396
A = sin-cos*tgf=
0.774
B = cos+sin*tgf=
=
=
0.730
1.060
Ko=
Bo-Dn-Do*(1-tg*tgf) =
-1.911
K1=
Ao-Bo*tgf+Do*(tg+tgf+tgb-tgtg*tgf) =
15.503
K2=
Ko/K2=
K1/K2=
(-1)*Ao*tgf-Dn-Do*(tg+tgf)*tgb =
=
=
-9.386
0.204
-1.652
A/B=
* Xc nh v tr mt trt
20
M1=
A K0
tg
B K1
M1 2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
36.719
M2=
K1 K 0 A
( tg )
K2 K2 B
M2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
-30.529
tg^2+M1*tg+M2=0 (*)
gii bi ton ta c
nghim:
=M1^2-4*1*M2
1470.396
Nu >0
PT (*) c hai nghim:
Tg1=
((-1)*M1+^0,5)/2 =
0.813
Tg2=
((-1)*M1-^0,5)/2 =
-37.532
Tg c xc nh theo PT:
Chn nghim dng hoc nghim <1/tg =

Tg= Tg1=
=
0.813
=
=
0.683
39.145
T ta c:
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
E
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
9379.767
(kg)

Gc nghing
0 ()
0.000 (rad)
Gc nghinga
0 ()
2.000 (T/m3)
20.000 ()
0.000 (rad)
2000
(kg/m3)
0.349 (rad)
0.000 (T/m2)
0.000 (T/m2)
0 (kg/m2)
0 (kg/m2)
0.000 ()
0.000 (rad)
Lc dnh ca t p sau tng

C
fo
21

6.000 (m)
Chiu cao tng chn H=

* Tr s p lc ch ng:
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
E
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
* Tnh cc hng s tnh ton
h0 = z0 =
2*c*tg(45+(f-a)/2)/g*1/(1+tgatgf) =
0.000
hn = zn =
Ha=
Hn=
2*c*tg(45+f/2)/g =
H-h0 =
H-hn =
0.000
6.000
6.000
d=
H*tg*tg =
0.000
D0=
co*Ha/g =
0.000
Dn=
Ao=
c*(Hn+d)/g =
H*(H+d)/2 -hn^2/2 =
0.000
18.000
Bo=
H*(H+d)*tg/2 =
0.000
90--fo =
1.571
sin=
1.000
cos=
0.000
A = sin-cos*tgf=
1.000
B = cos+sin*tgf=
A/B=
* Xc nh v tr mt trt
=
=
0.364
2.747
Ko=
0.000
K1=
18.000
K2=
Ko/K2=
K1/K2=
=
=
-6.551
0.000
-2.747
M1=
M2=
A K0
tg
B K1
M1 2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
K1 K 0 A
( tg )
K2 K2 B
M2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
1
0.728
-1.000
=M1^2-4*1*M2 =
4.530
Tg c xc nh theo PT:
tg^2+M1*tg+M2=0 (*)
gii bi ton ta c nghim:
Nu >0
PT (*) c hai nghim:
22

Tg1=
((-1)*M1+^0,5)/2 =
0.700
Tg2=
((-1)*M1-^0,5)/2 =
-1.428

Tg= Tg1=
=
0.700
=
=
0.611
35.018
17650 (kg)
T ta c:
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
E
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
Trng hp ny cho kt qu ging Ecd trong trng hp V d I-1 cho trng

hp c=c0===f0=0
Gc nghing
0 ()
0.000 (rad)
Gc nghinga
0 ()
0.000 (rad)
2000
(kg/m3)
0.349 (rad)
2000
(kg/m2)
0 (kg/m2)

C
fo
Chiu cao tng chn H=
* Tr s p lc ch ng:
2.000 (T/m3)
20.000 ()
2.000 (T/m2)
0.000 (T/m2)
0.000 ()
6.000 (m)
0.000 (rad)
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
E
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
h0 = z0 =
2*c*tg(45+(f-a)/2)/g*1/(1+tgatgf) =
2.856
hn = zn =
Ha=
Hn=
2*c*tg(45+f/2)/g =
H-h0 =
H-hn =
2.856
3.144
3.144
d=
H*tg*tg =
0.000
D0=
co*Ha/g =
0.000
Dn=
c*(Hn+d)/g =
3.144
23

Ao=
H*(H+d)/2 -hn^2/2 =
13.921
Bo=
H*(H+d)*tg/2 =
0.000
90--fo =
1.571
sin=
1.000
cos=
0.000
A = sin-cos*tgf=
1.000
B = cos+sin*tgf=
=
=
0.364
2.747
Ko=
-3.144
K1=
13.921
K2=
Ko/K2=
K1/K2=
=
=
-8.210
0.383
-1.695
A/B=
* Xc nh v tr mt trt
M1=
A K0
tg
B K1
M1 2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
0.728
M2=
K1 K 0 A
( tg )
K2 K2 B
M2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
-1.000
=M1^2-4*1*M2 =
4.530
Tg c xc nh theo PT:
tg^2+M1*tg+M2=0 (*)
Nu >0
PT (*) c hai nghim:
Tg1=
((-1)*M1+^0,5)/2 =
0.700
Tg2=
((-1)*M1-^0,5)/2 =
-1.428

Tg= Tg1=
=
0.700
=
=
0.611
35.018
T ta c:
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
E
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
4845 (kg)
24
Trng hp ny cho kt qu ging Ecd trong trng hp V d I-1 cho trng

hp c0===f0=0,c#0
Qua so snh cc v d trong cc trng hp trn ta nhn thy rng:
- Gi tr lc dnh c, c0,,, f0 c nh hng rt ln n p lc ch ng ca t
ln tng chn.
- Gc nghing mi t sau tng chn cng gp phn lm tng gi tr ca p
lc ch ng.
- Ecd (>0) > Ecd (=0) >Ecd (<0)
V vy khi thit k tng chn ngoi vic la chn loi tng chn, chiu cao
tng chn, cn lu cn lu la chn cc gi tr ch tiu c l ca t p sau k (,
c,f) trong trng hp bt li nht tng h s an ton cho cng trnh ng thi la
chn cc kch thc hnh hc ca tng chn() sao cho p lc ch ng ca t tc
dng ln tng chn s nh nht tng kh nng tit kim c vt liu v h gi thnh
cng trnh.
C. THIT K TNG CHN T

Trong thit k tng chn t th vic tnh ton p lc t tc dng ln tng chn
l tng i phc tp. Khi tnh ton c p lc t th vic gii bi ton thit k
tng chn s tr ln n gin hn nhiu, tr thnh mt bi ton kt cu n thun. Vic
gii bi ton c thc hin mt s bc nh sau:
1.1Chn mt ct cho tng chn: Chiu cao tng chn, cao mng, rng mng,
b rng nh tng chn, gc nghing lng tng.
1.2 Xc nh nhng ti trng tc dng ln tng chn v t hp ti trng tc dng
ln tng chn. Khi tnh ton, cn tin hnh i vi ba t hp ti trng v tc ng
a. T hp c bn.
b. T hp c bit.
c. T hp ti trng trong thi k thi cng
1.3 Tnh ton tng chn theo trng thi gii hn th nht nhm m bo cho kt
cu:
25
Khng b ph hoi gin, do, hoc theo dng ph hoi khc. t nn m bo

cng ...
Khng b mt n nh v hnh dng (tnh ton n nh cc kt cu thnh
mng) hoc v v tr (tnh ton chng lt v trt cho tng chn t, v.v...);
+ i vi nhng tng chn dt c nn t th cn tnh ton n nh tng
chn theo s tnh ton v trt: Trt phng, trt hn hp, trt su.
+ i vi nhng tng chn t c nn l th cn tnh vi s trt phng
v s lt ca tng quanh chn tng trc.
1.4 Tnh ton tng chn theo trng thi gii hn th hai nhm m bo cho s
lm vic bnh thng ca kt cu sao cho:
Khng cho hnh thnh cng nh m rng vt nt qu mc hoc vt nt di
hn nu iu kin s dng khng cho php hnh thnh hoc m rng vt nt di hn.
Khng c nhng bin dng vt qu gii hn cho php ( vng, gc xoay,
gc trt, dao ng, ln)...
D. THIT K TNG CHN T TRNG LC
I. CHN MT CT TNH TON
Ni dung ca vic chn mt ct tng chn t trng lc l xc nh cc kch
thc hp l ca mt ct thn tng v mt ct mng. Mng tng chn t trng lc,
d lin khi hoc tch ri vi thn tng, u thuc loi mng cng.
26
- Chiu rng nh tng bt c chn theo kinh nghim v iu kin thc t thi
cng:
+ Tng b tng: bt=40-50cm (min 20-30cm i vi tng bn gc, tng na
trng lc BTCT)
+ Tng bng xy : bt=40-50cm.
+ Tng xy bng gch: bt=45cm.
+ Mt ngoi (ngc) v lng tng chn thng thng ng hoc nghing. Nu
khng c yu cu c bit, lng tng chn nn chn thng ng hoc nghing v pha
t p cng nhiu cng tt tu theo k thut thi cng tng tnh n nh ca tng (150 n +150).
+ B rng mng tng chn thng chn trong khong (0.35 - 0.45)H. v m
bo kh nng chu lc hp l ca t nn.
* Mt ct tng nn chn sao cho tit kim c vt liu, lm vic tt ( lch
tm e<b/6), ng sut phn b y mng phn b cng u cng tt, n gin d thi
cng.
II. XC NH NGOI LC TC DNG LN TNG CHN
1. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn Ec
2. p lc b ng ca t p trc tng chn Eb
3. Trng lng bn thn tng chn G
4. Ti trng trong qu trnh thi cng (ti trng m nn, thit b thi cng).
- Tin hnh t hp cc ti trng tc ng (c s dng cc h s tin cy, h s tn
cy c th >1 hoc nh hn < 1 lm sao dn n s lm vic ca kt cu bt li hn)
a. T hp c bn:
b. T hp c bit:
III. KIM TRA IU KIN N NH CA TNG CHN
- Do c im ca tng trng lc l n nh c m bo ch yu do trng
lng bn thn tng, tng c kch thc ln. V vy khi kim ton tng thng ch
cn kim tra ch yu iu kin n nh (trt, lt ) m c th b qua vic kim ton iu
kin bn v cng ca vt liu lm tng chn.
1.1 Kim ton iu kin n nh trt ca tng chn t.
Mt trt phng ca tng chn t ly theo mt ct y mng hoc theo mt mt
no (do chn khay ca y mng quyt nh).
27
iu kin m bo an ton trt phng:

Ttr
Ktp 1.5
Tg
iu kin m bo an ton trt su:

Tgh
Kts 1.5
Ttt
iu kin m bo an ton trt hn hp:

Tgh
Kthh 1.5
Ttt
1.2 Kim ton iu kin n nh lt ca tng chn t.

- i vi trng hp y mng k t ln trn nn t, iu kin m bo chng
ln l:
M
b
e
N
6
Trong :
M- Tng m men ti trng tm mt y mng
N- Tng lc thng ng ti trng tm mt ct y mng
- i vi trng hp tng chn t trn nn , iu kin m bo chng lt l:
Kl
M
M
1.5
SMg- Tng mn men cc lc chng lt quanh mp trc mng ca tng chn t;

SMg- Tng mn men cc lc y lt quanh im mp trc mng ca tng chn t.
1.3 Kim ton iu kin m bo sc chu ti ca t nn (TCXD 45-78).
N
Ktc
N- Ti trng tnh ton trn nn

- Sc chu ti ca nn
28
Ktc- H s tin cy Ktc 1.2

1.4 Kim tra ln ca tng chn (TCXD 45-78).
S<Sgh
Lu : Trong trng hp mng tng chn t ln trn nn l t, c cng ln
t c nguy c h hng do mt n nh trt su, trt hn hp . Do thng ch phi
kim tra n nh v hai mt: Trt phng v lt.
- Di tc dng ca lc ngang, s trt hn hp l c tht. Tuy nhin, nu khng
xy ra trt phng v trt su- l hai trng thi gii hn th trt hn hp khng th
xy ra. V vy khi kim ton c th b qua trng hp kim ton trt hn hp.
V d III-1: Thit k tng chn t cho mi t cao 5mm gc nghing mi t
=200. Lp a cht c ch tiu c l nh sau =2T/m3, f=200, trong hai trng hp
c tnh n lc dnh ca t c=2 T/m2 v trng hp khng tnh lc dnh ca t
Gii:
Trng hp 1: C xt n lc dnh ca t
Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn
Gc nghing
20 ()
0,349 (rad)
Gc nghinga
-5 ()
-0,087 (rad)
2000
(kg/m3)
0,349 (rad)
1500
(kg/m2)
750 (kg/m2)
2,000 (T/m3)
20,000 ()

C
1,500 (T/m2)
0,750 (T/m2)
fo
13,333 ()
6,000 (m)
Chiu cao tng chn H=

* Tr s p lc ch ng:
0,233 (rad)
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)

h0 = z0 =
2*c*tg(45+(f-a)/2)/g*1/(1+tgatgf) =
2,432
hn = zn =
Ha=
Hn=
2*c*tg(45+f/2)/g =
H-h0 =
H-hn =
2,142
3,568
3,858
d=
H*tg*tg =
-0,191
29

D0=
co*Ha/g =
1,338
Dn=
Ao=
c*(Hn+d)/g =
H*(H+d)/2 -hn^2/2 =
2,750
15,132
Bo=
H*(H+d)*tg/2 =
-1,525
90--fo =
1,425
sin=
0,989
cos=
0,145
A = sin-cos*tgf=
0,937
B = cos+sin*tgf=
A/B=
* Xc nh v tr mt trt
=
=
0,505
1,855
Ko=
-5,655
K1=
16,560
K2=
Ko/K2=
K1/K2=
=
=
-8,392
0,674
-1,973
M1=
A K0
tg
B K1
M1 2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
18,335
M2=
K1 K 0 A
( tg )
K2 K2 B
M2
K
A
(1 1 tg ) tg
B
K1
-18,762
=M1^2-4*1*M2 =
411,204
Tg c xc nh theo PT:
tg^2+M1*tg+M2=0 (*)
Nu >0
PT (*) c hai nghim:
Tg1=
((-1)*M1+^0,5)/2 =
0,972
Tg2=
((-1)*M1-^0,5)/2 =
-19,306

Tg= Tg1=
=
0,972
=
=
0,771
44,204
T ta c:
=
5492 (kg)
30
K 0 K1tg K 2 tg 2
E
.
(1 tgtg )( Atg B)
tnh ton - kim tra tng chn t trng lc bng b tng
Mc BT
Rn
65 (kg/cm2)
Rk
6,0 (kg/cm2)
2500 (kg/m3)
Cao nh tng
6,00 (m)
Cao y tng
0,00 (m)
Chiu di tng L
1,00 (m)
Ch tiu c l ca t mng k
Lp t
w (kg/m3)
(kg/m3)
W
(%)
Wnh
(%)
c
(kg/m2)
d)
2000
2680
18,2
39,2
20
31
Dng t o h mng lm t p sau tng k. Ch tiu c l ca t m cht vi k = 0,9 l:
2000 (kg/m3)
20
0,3491 (rad)
2,000 (kg/m2)
Chn kch thc tng chn nh sau:

Chiu cao tng
6,00 (m)
B = (0,35 - 0,45)H
2,50 (m)
B rng nh tng
bt
0,50 (m)
B rng y tng
b2
1,50 (m)
Chiu cao mng
H1=
1,00 (m)
B rng trong tng
b1
0,50 (m)
B rng ngoi tng
b3
0,50 (m)
B rng mng tng
p lc b ng ca t pha trc tng:

H2=
1,00 (m)
pb=
4079,21 (kg/m2)
4079,21
(kg/m2)
Eb=
2039,61 (kg.m)
2039,61 (kg.m)
hob=
0,33 (m)
Trng lng bn thn ca tng chn v lp t p ln mng k:

Khi Gi ca tng
Trng lng bn thn Gi
Cnh tay n ai
Khi 1
6250,00 (kg)
1,25 (m)
Khi 2
9375,00 (kg)
1,50 (m)
Khi 3
3125,00 (kg)
2,17 (m)
Khi 4 (t p ln k)
5000,00 (kg)
2,25 (m)
p lc ch ng ca t:
Tr s p lc t
Ecd
5491,55 (kg)
im t ca Ecd
hcd
1,19 (m)
Kim tra lt:

Vi mng t trn nn :kim traiu kin lt quanh mp k
Mg
(SGi*ai+Eb*hb)*0.9
Mlat
k=Mg/Ml
(Ecd*hcd)*1.1
36518,13
(kgm)
7184,47 (kgm)
5,08
K>1.5 tng n nh, khng b lt, tin hnh kim tra trt
32

Vi mng t trn nn t:kim tra iu kin e<B/6
lch tm e=M/N
SMtm y
1.1*(SGi*xi) - 0.9*(Ecd*ha)
SNtm y
0.9*S Gi
6098,82 (kgm)
21375,00
(kgm)
0,29
e=
(xi- khong cch t trng tm cc khi Gi n trng tm mt ct y mng tng
chn)
e<B/6 Tng chn m bo iu kin lt
Kim tra trt phng
Tg
(Ebd +SGi*fi)*0.9
10385,65 (kg)
Ttrt
K=Tg/Trt
Ecd*1.1
6040,70 (kg)
1,72
(fi- H s ma st gia t v mng k fi=0,25-0,6 tu tng loi t)

K>1.5 tng n nh, khng b trt
Trng hp 2: Khng xt n lc dnh ca t
E. KIM TON S N NH CA MI TA LUY T

Bi ton v n nh ca mit cng cng mtj loi vi bi ton v n nh nn
t di tc dng ca mng cng trnh.
Mt phng php n gin gii bi ton ny l chn trc mt trt ca mi
t kho st s cn bng ca lng th trt.
Dng ca mt trt c th chn rt khc nhau: phng, cong theo nhiu quy lut
khc nhau. Nhng t mc gn ng cn thit v tin li hn c l chn mt trt tr
trn. Hin nay trong tnh ton thit k nn ca cc cng trnh v cc cng trnh bng t
ngi ta vn s dng rng ri phng php mt trt tr trn nh gi n nh ca
mi t (hoc nn t).
Mi t (hoc nn t )c n nh hay khng oc nh gi bng h s n nh
(hay h s an ton) Fs:
Sc khng ct tim nng
Fs =
Sc khng ct cn cho cn bng
C nhiu phng php tnh ton khc nhau:
- Phng php vn trn ma st:
- Phng php phn mnh Fellenius
- Phng php phn mnh Bishop gin n
33
*. Phng php phn mnh Fellenius:

Xt mi t AB. Gi s mt trt l cung trn BC tm O bn knh r. Ct bng
nhng mt thng ng, chia lng th ABC ra mt s mnh n tu
Xt mt mnh i bt k. Cc lc tc dng ln phn t ny gm: Trng lng mnh
gi; tng cc lc tip tuyn Ti; tng cc lc php tuyn Ni ; tng cc lc tng tc gia
cc mnh.i vi mnh i-1 v mnh i+1, Ei v Ei+1. Nu tnh cho tt c n mnh th thy c
tt c n 5n-2 n s. Vic gii quyt trn vn mt bi ton nh vy l phc tp.
? xi
gi
Ei+1
Ei
Ti
i
Ni
i
? li
Ngi ta i n thc hnh mt cch n gin hn. Chp nhn nh ngha h s an

ton (hay h s n nh) quy c l:
F=
M men gi (i vi tm trt O)
M men y (i vi tm trt O)
H s n nh ny ch l qui c v thc ra tt c cc iu kin cn bng tnh hc

khng oc xt n y .
n gin hn na, Feleenius ngh chp nhn l: Tng hnh chiu ca tt c cc
lc tng tcgia cc mnh trn phng php tuyn (ng ni tm O vi im gia
y cung trt li) l bng 0 v lc Ni ch do gi gy ra, ngha l Ni = gi.cosai. tch Ti
ra ta c lc gi.sinai y trt mnh , lc gi.cosai gy ma st gi.cosai tgai gi li
34
mnh . Ngoi ra lc dnh trn on cung li ca mnh l ci.li cng c tc dng

gi li mnh . Ly m men vi tm trt O ta c:
- M men y trt lng th t:
n
Md rgi sin i
1
- M men gi lng th t:
n
Mg r ( g i cos i tg i ci li )
1
H s n nh c tnh nh sau:
n
Mg
F
Md
r(g
cos i tg i ci li )
1
n
rg sin
i
Trong phng php trn c vn l vi mt cung trt bit tm O v bn

knh ta tm c h s an ton (quy c ) F. Nhng thc t c l c v vn cung trt
vi cc tm O1, O2, O3 . vi cc bn knh r1, r2, r3 rn v cng vic cng knh ca
ngi k s l tm ra cung trt nguy him nht cho ta tr s nh nht ca F.
Trn thc t v theo kinh nghim, nhanh chng c th tm tm trt nguy him
nht trn ng OC v bn tri im O. Cc xc nh v tr ca C, O nh trn hnh v
F2
F3
F1
D
F4
AD=D
u ? ng cong F
35
Trn ng OC, v bn tri im O, chn mt s tm trt O1, O2, O3 On,

ng vi n ta xc nh cc h s n nh F1, F2, F3 Fn. V ng cong F, t c
th tm c tm trt nguy him nht v tr s min F.
Hin nay kim ton n nh mi dc phn mm a k thut GEOSLOPE
c s dng ph bin.
36
37
* Mt s tiu chun thit k c p dng trong qu trnh thit k tng chn t:

- Ti liu kho st a cht, a hnh.
- TCVN 2737 : 1995 Ti trng tc dung - Tiu chun thit k;
- TCXD 45-78 Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh
- TCXD 205: 1998 Mng cc - Tiu chun thit k.
- TCXDVN 356:2005 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - tiu chun thit k
- TCXDVN 375:2006 Thit k cng trnh chu ng t.
-TCXDVN 305-2004 Tiu chun thi cng nghim thu b tng khi ln.
- TCVN 4085-1987- Quy phm thi cng nghim thu kt cu gch
* Mt s ti liu tham kho;
- p lc t v tng chn Nh xut bn Xy dng GS. Phan Trng Phit
- Sch c hc t- Nh xut bn Xy dng V Cng Ng - Nguyn Vn Thng
38

Chuyen de Tuong Chan Dat 7382

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Chuyen de Tuong Chan Dat 7382

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Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

CHUYN : P LC T, THIT K TNG

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

I. PHN LOI TNG CHN T

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

2. Phn loi theo nguyn tc lm vic:

3. Phn loi theo chiu cao

- Tng thp: c chiu cao nh hn 10m

- Tng dc (Hnh I-2a,b): li c phn thnh 2 loi dc thun v dc nghch.

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

5. Phn loi theo kt cu.

- Tng lin khi: lm bng BT, xy , gch xy,

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

III. IU KIN S DNG CA CC LOI TNG CHN

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

2. Nhm theo thuyt cn bng gii hn phn t (im)

B. TNH TON P LC T TC DNG LN TNG CHN

S dng thuyt p lc t Culng c xy dng t nm 1773, Sau c

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

G sin( 0 ) T cos T0 sin( 0 )

Trong phng trnh trn cc n s l E v gc 0 . Cc i lng G, T c biu

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Cng thc tnh p lc ch ng l:

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

2. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp t dnh, mi

Pa Kcd . , z 2.c.tg (45 0 )

Kcd xc nh theo cng thc (3.2)

V d I-1: Tnh p lc ch ng tc dng ln tng chn c chiu cao

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Gc nghing ca mi t sau tng chn

TH2: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln Tng chn (c0===f0=0; c#0)

Gc nghing ca mi t sau tng chn

im t Ecd so vi chn tng chn, Ha=

Nhn xt: So snh p lc t v m mem do p lc t gy ra ln tng chn

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Trong v d trn ly Ctt=C/2=1T/m2 ta c gi tr tnh ton p lc t v mmen

Gc nghing ca mi t sau tng chn

im t Ecd so vi chn tng chn, Ha= 1/3*(H- 2.c.tg(45+f/2))

3. p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn trong trng hp tng qut (,

3.1 Biu thc xc nh p lc ch ng ca t dnh:

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

A0; B0 - Ch s v kch thc hnh hc ca khi t p:

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

Mt trt c xc nh khi bit x=tg tnh theo phng trnh:

Bng php bin i cui cng ta tnh c gi tr tg l nghim ca phng

Tm c gc trt thay gi tr tg vo phng trnh (I-3.3) ta tm c p lc

Trng tm ca biu p lc t ti v tr im t cc chn tng mt on

V d I-2: Tnh p lc ch ng tc dng ln tng chn c chiu cao

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

TH1: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn

Lc dnh ca t p sau tng C

Lc dnh gia t v tng C0

* Tnh cc hng s tnh

Hi tho chuyn : p lc t, thit k tng chn t

PT (*) c hai nghim:

Chn nghim dng hoc nghim <1/tg =

TH2: Tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln tng chn