Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Thnh Ph H Ch Minh Khoa K Thut Ha Hc Ngnh Cng Ngh Sinh Hc

Tiu Lun Sn xut VitaminC

Thnh vin:
60900026 60900217 60900832 60901001 60901787 60902697 60902979 Nguyn Vn Nguyn L Minh Trn Trung Hunh Hong Nguyn L Phm Th Thanh Nguyn c An Chu Hiu Huy Nh Thy Trung

Muc luc Muc luc........................................................................................................................3 PHN I: VITAMIN C...............................................................................................3 PHN 2: QUY TRNH CHUNG TNG HP VITAMIN C..............................13 PHN 3 : TINH TOAN VA THIT K BINH LN MEN. ................................23
Tinh toan cac thng s ng hoc cua binh ln men.................................................24 Tinh toan thit k binh khuy:..................................................................................30 Qua trinh truyn nhit cua thit bi ln men.............................................................32 Nhn xet..................................................................................................................35

PHN I: VITAMIN C 1. i nt D-Ascorbic Acid, thng c bit n rng ri l Vitamin C l mt thnh phn quan trng c trong dinh dng ca con ngi, l mt cht chng oxy ho v l enzyme quan trng cho h thng tiu ho; m thiu n th s gy ra bnh scorbut cho con ngi.

Acid ascorbic (Dng kh) Tnh cht Tn UIAP

Acid dehydroascorbic (Dng oxi ha)

2-oxo-L-threo-hexono-1,4lactone-2,3-enediol or (R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-((S)- 1,2dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5H)one C6H8O6 176.14 g/mol 190-192 0C 16 ngy thn

Cng thc ha hc Phn t gram Nhit nng chy Bn r Bi tit

Vitamin C kt tinh khng mu hoc hi vng, rt d tan trong nc (300g/lt). Dung dch nc 5% c pH=3. C khi dng dng mui natri d tan trong nc hn (900g/lt). S hin din ca ascorbat l cn thit trong mt lot cc phn ng trao i cht trong tt c cc ng vt v cy ci v c c to ra trong c th bi hu nh tt c cc c th sinh vt, loi tr loi ngi.

Ngun gc 5

 Vitamin C c nhiu trong cc loi rau qu ti nh nc cam, chanh, qut, v c hm lng cao trong rau xanh, c bit l bng ci xanh, tiu, khoai ty, ci brussel,rau ci, c chua, xoong cam, qut, chanh, bi Vitamin C l vi cht thit yu cho c th ngi c bit l cho ph n mang thai v tr nh. Mt ngi thng trung bnh cn 45mg/ngy, ring ph n ang mang thai l 55mg/ngy v cho con b th cn nhiu hn 90mg/ngy,tr em t s sinh n 3 tui cn 20-30mg/ngy,t 4-18 tui cn 30-40 mg/ngy (theo ngun ca T chc Y t th gii v T chc Nng lng Lin hip quc, 2002). World's Healthiest Foods ranked as quality sources of: vitamin C World's Serving Amount DV Nutrient Healthiest Size Cals (mg) (%) Density Foods Rating 1 cup 2 tbs 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 2 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 each 1 cup 1 each 1 cup 1 each 24.8 174.80 2.7 9.97 291.3 211.1 16.6 110.8 205.7 84.8 91.5 57.8 136.1 56.7 46.8 55.2 44.8 51.4 59.0 50.6 161.2 47.7 313.1 47.5 65.8 41.1 78.1 38.1 95.0 36.9 112.5 36.2 116.2 34.0 Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent

Food Bell peppers, red, raw, slices Parsley, fresh Broccoli, steamed Cauliflower, boiled Strawberries Lemon juice, fresh Romaine lettuce Mustard greens, boiled Brussel sprouts, boiled Papaya Turnip greens, cooked Grapefruit Kiwifruit Cantaloupe, cubes Oranges

43.7 123.40 28.5 54.93 43.2 81.65 15.7 26.88 21.0 35.42 60.8 96.72 118.6 187.87 28.8 39.46 46.4 57.00 56.0 67.52 61.6 69.69 6

0.25 cup 15.2 28.06

0.50 each 36.9 46.86

Cabbage, shredded, boiled 1 cup Tomato, ripe Raspberries Asparagus, boiled Spinach, boiled Cucumbers, slices, with peel Pineapple 2. Vi nt lch s World's Healthiest Foods Rating excellent very good good Rule DV>=75% DV>=50% 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup

33.0 30.15 37.8 34.38 60.3 30.76 43.2 19.44 41.4 17.64 13.5 5.51 76.0 23.87

50.2 27.4 57.3 27.3 51.3 15.3 32.4 13.5 29.4 12.8 9.2 12.2

excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent very good excellent

39.8 9.4

OR Density>=7.6 OR Density>=3.4

AND DV>=10% AND DV>=5%

DV>=25% OR Density>=1.5 AND DV>=2.5% Vo nm 1928 Albert Szent Gyorgyi chic xut thnh ng vitamin C bt u cho hng lot cc pht hin khc lin quan n vitamin C trong y hc v sn xut nh:
-

1932 Haworth v King lp nn cu trc vitamin C

1932 mi quan h gia vitamin C v cc yu t chng binh hoai huyt c pht hin bi Szent-Gyrgyi v cng mt lc bi King v Waugh.
-

1933 Basle, Reichstein tng hp acid ascorbic trong t nhin vitamin C. y l bc u tin hng ti sn xut cng nghip vitamin c vo nm 1936.

3. Li ch ca vitamin C a. Thc y s hnh thnh collagen Khi thiu vitamin C, qu trnh tng hp collagen gp tr ngi, khin cc vt thng lu lnh dn n xut huyt nhiu mc khc nhau (v mao mch, chy mu di da, chy mu li), thnh mch yu l cc hin tng thng thy bnh scobat. b. Cht kch hot enzyme Vitamin C c th bo v vitamin A, vitamin E, v cc axit bo thit yu khi b tiu hu; lm cho st c trong thc n c duy tr trong trng thi hon nguyn, thc y s hp th v chuyn dch tn tr st trong c th. Lm cho can-xi trong thnh rut khng b kt ta, gip ci thin t l hp th can-xi vo c th. Tham gia phn ng hydroxyt ca cholesterol thnh axit cholic, c hiu qu nht nh trong iu tr thiu hng cu. c. Tham gia qu trnh chuyn ha cholesterol Gip 80% cholesterol chuyn ha thnh sulfat tan trong nc bi tit khi c th, gim hm lng cholesterol trong mu; loi b cholesterol tch t trong ng mch; gia tng cc thnh phn c ch ca mu nh lipoprotein, c ngha quan trng trong phng chng x va ng mch. 8

d. Tham gia qu trnh bi tit cht c khi c th Tip tc -xy ha thnh glutathione (diketo golunat) cng vi cht c trong c th b bi tit ra ngoi. e. Phng chng ung th Vic gim vitamin C trong ng tiu ha ngn chn s hnh thnh nitrosamines, c hiu qu ngn nga s xut hin ca cc khi u ng tiu ha; ngoi ra vitamin C cn tham gia trong tng hp collagen, gip cc t bo k duy tr cu trc bnh thng, lm gim qu trnh pht trin ca t bo ung th. f. Chng cm lnh Vitamin C c th ci thin kh nng khng bnh ca cc t bo min dch v tng cng min dch ca c th v min dch humoral, loi b cc yu t gy bnh, gi h h hp c bo ton. Khi thiu n, biu m t bo khng bnh kh qun v ph qun b gim xung. Cc th nghim cho thy, ung 1.000 mg vitamin C mi ngy c th gim 50% nguy c b cm lnh v gim 23% cc triu chng cm cm. g. Bo v da, chng np nhn Vitamin C l cht kch hot enzyme, c th gia tng s hot ng ca mt s kim loi, gip da chng li cc gc t do sinh ra bi tia cc tm, trnh s xut hin ca tn nhang, thc y s trao i cht, gp phn ngn nga lo ha da. 4. Cac san phm vitamin C trn thi trng

Vitamin th (acid ascorbic) thng khng bn vng trong iu kin b nh hng bi nhit , acid hay cc hp cht alkan. hn ch s phn hy trong s dng, vitamin th c phi trn vi cc thnh phn khc hay cng c th cc vitamin c ci tin a dng hn a vo sn xut. Vitamin C trn th trng rt a dng v mu m. Bao gm cc dng bt, dng vin; tinh khit khc nhau v ci tin ha hc nh Sodium ascorbate v Calcium ascorbate

10

11

Ch : Nu ch n ung khng p ng nhu cu vitamin C ca c th, th c th thay th bng dng vin b sung (2-3 vin mi ngy). Vitamin C l cht ha tan trong nc. Nu lng Vitamin C trong c th d tha, chng s t ng bi tit khi c th, khng mang c tnh. Ngoi ra, ngi ht thuc l, aspirin, thuc trnh thai, thng xuyn cng thng tm l v lm vic trong mi trng nng bc c th tng cng b sung lng vitamin C cho c th. Cc sn phm m phm thng cha nhiu vitamin C, dng khng ng cch s gy ra tc dng ph. Vitamin C c tnh thm thu mnh, s dng qu nhiu khin da b mt nc, kh da v thm ch rt da. Vitamin C c trong m phm c th c iu ch qua nhiu hnh thc. V vy, ph n mun lm p, hy dng rau qu ti v hoa qu s hp th vitamin C c tt hn.

12

PHN 2: QUY TRNH CHUNG TNG HP VITAMIN C 1. Gii thiu phng php sn xut K thut ca cng ngh sn xut acid ascorbic c da trn s tng hp Reichstein c in. y l quy trnh thng c p dng cc nh my sn xut tuy nhin n c pht trin hn bng cch s dng cng ngh mi nht, c bit l gim thiu tiu tn nng lng, h gi thnh sn phm v ci thin iu kin mi trng. Hin nay ti Vit Nam, qu trnh sn xut acid ascorbic ang c chnh ph u t kinh ph theo Quyt inh ca th tng chnh ph s 61/2007/Q TTG ngy 07 thng 05 nm 2007 v vic ph duyt chng trnh nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh trng im quc gia pht trin cng nghip ha dc n nm 2020 hng mc : Ni dung 1: Nghin cu cng ngh mi to nguyn liu sn xut vitamin C: + Kho st cc chng vi sinh vt acetobacter v pseudomonas dng chuyn i sorbitol thnh acid 2-ketogulonic; + Kho st phn ng ester ho acid 2-ketogulonic; + Kho st phn ng enol ho v lacton ho, tinh ch thnh vitamin C. D kin kt qu: + Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut nguyn liu bo ch vitamin C t tiu chun Dc in Anh nm 2003. Ni dung 2: Nghin cu hon thin quy trnh cng ngh sn xut sorbitol t glucose: + Nghin cu la chn nguyn liu, iu kin x l v hon thin quy trnh cng ngh sn xut; + Nghin cu phng php thu hi v bo qun sn phm; + ng dng vo ch bin mt s sn phm bnh ko, kem. 13

D kin kt qu: + Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut sorbitol t ng glucose; + Dy chuyn thit b pilot sn xut sorbitol cng sut 100 tn/nm.

Vitamin C c sn xut thng mi bng cch chit xut t thc vt, bng cch tng hp ha hc, bng con ng ln men v phng php hn hp ln men / tng hp ha hc.

14

Sn xut vitamin C c thc hin theo nhiu phng php khc nhau Trong , c th k n 2 phng php sau:

Trong bc u tin ca c qu trnh Reichstein truyn thng v qu trnh ln men hai giai on mi, sorbitol b oxy ha thnh sorbose bng cch ln men. (Sorbitol c th c to thnh bng cch gim Glucose nhit cao)

15

16

2.

Quy trnh Reichstein 17

c pht minh bi Tadeus Reichstein v ng nghip ca ng vo nm 1933, quy trnh ny c s dng trong tng hp acid ascorbic t Glucose v sau c bn cho Hofmann La Roche vo nm 1935. Qu trnh Reichstein l mt phng php hn hp gia ln men v tng hp hoa hoc, ln u tin c s dng trong nm 1933 v vn cn c s dng bi Roche, BASF v Takeda. Trong , sorbose c chuyn ha thnh acid diacetone ketogulonic (DAKS) trong mt qu trnh ha hc 2 giai on. Bc u tin lin quan n mt phn ng vi acetone, to ra diacetone sorbose, m sau b oxy ha bi clo v sodium hydroxide to DAKS. Tip theo, DAKS c ha tan trong 1 hn hp cc dung mi hu c. V bng cch s dng mt cht xc tc axit, cu trc ca n c sp xp li hnh thnh vitamin C. (Giai on ny tng t nh trong qu trnh ln men hai giai on) Cui cng, cc vitamin C th c tinh ch qua s ti kt tinh.Nhiu thay i k thut v ha hc c thc hin ti u ha v rt ngn cc con ng phn ng khc nhau. Do , mi bc c mt nng sut trn 90%. Tng sn lng vitamin C t ng l khong 60% Cc giai on khc nhau ca qu trnh Reichstein s dng s lng ng k ca cc dung mi hu c c v v c v ha cht. Chng bao gm acetone, acid sulfuric v hydroxit natri. Mc d mt s cc hp cht ny c th c ti ch, vic kim sot nghim ngt mi trng l cn thit, do chi ph x l cht thi l ng k. S quy trinh Reichstein:

18

Quy trnh Reichstein

DGlucos e
Sorbito l

Fermentati on

Gluconobact er Suboxydans

Sorbos e Acetone Diaceto ne sorbose

Clo + NaOH
Acid Di acetone Ketogulonic
Cc dung mi hu c

Vitamin C th

Tinh ch

Vitamin C tinh khit

19

3.

Quy trnh ln men hai giai on

Phng php mi hn c pht trin ti Trung Quc c trin khai ti mt s cng ty chu u. Vi chi ph sa cha v vn ban u thp hn dn n vic tit kim chi ph ch cn bng mt phn ba so vi phng php Reichstein Trong quy trnh ny, giai on ln men th 2 c thay th bi phn ng ha hc dng tng hp DASK trong phng php Reichstein. Vic ln men to ra sn phm trung gian l KGA. Tt c cc nh sn xut u s dng ch mt loi Vi sinh vt ln men. Hai phn ng ha hc tip theo ging vi giai on cui ca qu trnh Reichstein, hon tt vic tng hp vitamin C So snh vi phng php Reichstein, phng php ln men 2 giai on cn s dng t hn cc dung mi v tc nhn c hi, v th gim c chi ph cho qu trnh x l thi. Di y l bng gii thiu phng php sn xut Vitamin C ca mt s hng:

20

 Monitoring and controlling parts of fermenter are: S. No Part Use 1 Pt100 temperature sensor (platinum resistance electrode) 2 Foam probe kept above the medium level to sense foamformation 3 pH electrode senses pH 4 O2 sensor Monitors dissolved oxygen level 5 Heater pad directly heats the medium 21

6 7 8 9 10

Cold finger

after direct heating used to cool the vessel contents (closed coil/pipe to pass cool water) Rotameter variable air flow meter indicates rate of air flow into vessel attached to air sparger Pressure valve attached to rotameter for safer operation Air pump supply of air Peristaltic pump to pump in medium, acids, bases, antifoam 4. Vi sinh vt ln men : Gluconobacter oxydans

Gluconobacter oxydans : l mt loi vi khun Gram m, hiu kh bt buc thuc h Acetobacteraceae. G. oxydans. Qu trnh h hp ca n s dng Oxy nh cht nhn electron cui cng. Chng vi khun ny pht trin mnh trong dch ng nh nho chn, to, ht iu, mt ong, tri cy, bia, ru, t vn y l chng vi khun khng gy bnh cho con ngi v ng vt nhng n c th to, l h thi v chuyn mu. N c dng que trn, 0.5-0.8 X 0.9-4.2 m, n l hoc bt cp, him khi to thnh chui di. Gluconobacter c ng gp quan trng trong vic sn xut L-sorbose t sorbitol, D-gluconic acid, 5-keto v 2-ketogluconic acid t D-glucose v dihydroxyl acetone t glycerol trong cng nghip.

L-sorbose l cht trung gian c ch trong cng nghip sn xut acid ascorbic. Lsorbose l sn phm ca qu trnh oxy ha sorbitol bi SDH bm trn mng t bo vi khun

22

PHN 3 : TINH TOAN VA THIT K BINH LN MEN . M HNH TNG QUT CA THIT B LN MEN

23

Tinh toan cac thng s ng hoc cua binh ln men. Qu trnh ln men D-Sorbitol thnh L-Sorbose bng vi khun Gluconobacter suboxydans S-22 Qu trnh c biu din nh sau:
Glucnobacter suboxydans S 22 D-Sorbitol L-sorbose + Gluconobacter suboxydans S-22

C th biu din ngn gn nh sau:

C A R + C
Trong : A l D-sorbitol C l vi khun Gluconobacter suboxydans S-22 R l L-sorbose. iu kin ban u :
C A0 = 200g / L

t 0C = 30 0
pH = 6

Kho st nh tnh qu trnh ln men trong mi trng khng i Gi s: Tc pht trin ca t bo ch ph thuc vo c cht ban u A ( y b qua nh hng ca mt s yu t nh nng khi lng Oxy ha tan, nng khi lng nc t do trong bnh phn ng) n gin trong qu trnh tnh ton. Phng trnh Monod nh sau: 24

A C - r C= C +C A M

kC C

Vi CM l nng ca A ti t bo sinh ra vi tc bng tc cc i. Tnh ton gi tr k v CM Theo K.Mihajevic v M.Bosnjak, Defining of the Kinetics of Microbial Oxidation Process Events with Reference to L-sorbose Formation in a Large Range of Culture Conditions. Hai ng lm th nghim kho st s ph thuc nng c cht ban u A vi thi gian v thu c kt qu nh sau:
C A ( g / L) k ( h1 )

50 100 200 300 400 450

0,262 0,279 0,289 0,292 0,293 0,294

T biu thc Monod :

k=

kmax C A C A + CM
25

Hay:

1 CM 1 1 = + k k max C A k max

26

T bng s liu ta c:
1 / CA ; L / g
1/ k;h

0.02 0.01 0.005 0.003333 0.0025 0.002222

3.82 3.58 3.46 3.42 3.41 3.40

Ta c th :

T phng trnh th ta c :

1 kmax

= 3,3452

kmax = 0, 2989 h1 27

CM = 23, 665 kmax CM = 7, 073 g / L

Vy ta c phng trnh tc pht trin ca t bo :

A C - rC = 7,073 + C A

0, 2989C C

Tnh ton thit b phn ng: Bnh phn ng s dng thu L-sorbose t D-sorbitol nh vi khun Gluconobacter Suboxydans S-22 s dng l bnh phn ng gin on Ap dng phng trnh vn tc ta c: t =0 =
CC

CC0 C A0

dC 1 C C A + CM = dCC rC k CC CC C A
0

A v A = C A0 + ( )( CC0 CC) iC C

CA

dC A 1 0 CA + CM = dC A A k C A ( A )C C ( ) C A C C
A (C ) =

CA

C v C = CC0 + ( )(C A0 C A ) iC A

d ( Asudung ) 1 = d (Ctaothanh) ( C ) A

Tch phn c:

28

kt = k = (

CM A C A0 + ( )CC0 C

+1) ln

CC CM C ( ) ln A A CC0 C A0 C A0 + ( )C C0 C
(**) A C

(*)

C Vi CC CC0 = ( )( C A0 C A) A

Ta tnh ton thit b trong trng hp gi tr vn tc cc i v ( ) = 10 ,

C ( ) = 0,1 , C0=0,5g/L A

Ta co:

A 2 C Avmax = CM + CM ( C A0 + ( ) CC 0 ) CM C

C Avmax = 38.64g / L
T (**) CC = 16.64 ;g/L
(*) kt = 3,68 12.33h

Gia s thi gian gin oan gia 2 m l 1h va hn c xem la khuy trn u. Tng thi gian sn sut L-sorbose l 12.33h+1h=13.33h. Vi nng D-Sorbitol CAo=200g/L, ta cn 13.33h ln men tao thanh lng L-sorbose vi chuyn hoa la 96% ( chuyn hoa nay chung em da trn s liu thc nghim thu c cua tai liu, y chung em chi da trn o tinh c thi gian cn thit at c chuyn hoa o). Tinh th tich binh ln men:

Sut lng sn phm L-sorbose mong mun l 480.82kg/h. 29

M D sorbitol = 182,17 g / mol

M L sorbose = 180,17g / mol

Khi lng D-sorbitol cn cung cp la:

mA ).0,96.180,17 182,17 440.82 = 14 (

mA 6500kg

Th tich sorbitol:

6500000 = 32500L = 32.5m3 200

Chn h s cha y l 0,65

Vbinh =

V 32.5 = = m 50 0,65 0.65

Tinh toan thit k binh khuy: Th nghim : ta c th nghim vi bnh c th tch lm vic l 4,5 dm3, th hiu sut cao nht l vi tc khuy n = 540 vng/pht Bnh th nghim c t l : Vi D : ng knh bnh H : chiu cao bnh dk : ng knh cnh khuy: 30

 Tnh ton c : H = 0,55 m ; D = 0,18 m ; dk = 0,6 m Bc u cn phi xc lp khi lng th tch , nht ng hc , h s dn nhit , p sut lm vic trong thit b khi tit trng bng hi nc, nhit dung C. Theo nghin cu ca nc ngoi, khi lng th tch ca cc mi trng dinh dng trong gii hn = 1060 1070 kg/ m 3; nht ng hc - trong gii hn = 0,001 0,00155 PaS, nhit dung C = 4186 J/(kgK), h s dn nhit = 0,6 W/ (mK). tit trng mi trng dinh dng bn trong thit b, cn phi to ra p sut lm vic khng nh hn 0,2 MPa. H s cha y mi trng dinh dng ca thit b ph thuc vo thnh phn ca mi trng v vo dng vi sinh vt nui cy k = 0,5 0,65. Nh vy, trong gii hn nghin cu, ta tnh chun ly tm Reynolds ca bnh th nghim:
2 nM .d M . Re =

Vi: nM : s vng khuy th nghim dM : ng knh cnh khuy th nghim : khi lng ring ca mi trng : nht ca dung dch mi trng. Ta chn cnh khuy mi cho tua bin 3 cnh Trong gii hn : = 1060 1070 kg/ m3; nht ng hc - trong gii hn = 0,001 0,00155 ta c: 1,33.108 < Re < 2,08.108 31

 Do Re > 7.104 nn thng s ti u thit k l :

Vi n : tc quay thc t d : ng knh cnh khuy thc t. Xt bnh thc t c th tch cha l 50 m3, c c t l : Tnh ton c : H = 12,3 m ; D = 4,1 m ; dk = 1,4 m Nh vy, theo cng thc trn, ta tnh c s vng quay ti u cho bnh khuy l: n = 307 vng/pht Cng sut khuy trn c tnh theo cng thc: N = KN .n3.dk5. (*) vi = 1065 kg/m3 KN = A. Fr ((a log (Re)) / b) vi ReK = 1,705 . 108 ; Fr = Tra bng thc nghim ca Mi cho tua bin 3 cnh c: H/D = 3 , D/dk = 3, h/dk = 0,33 vi h : khong cch t cnh khuy ti y A = 3,9 ; a = 1 ; b = 40 = 43,81

Vy tnh ton ta c : KN = 1,97 Thay vo cng thc (*) ta c : N = 1,5.106 W Qua trinh truyn nhit cua thit bi ln men Cn bng nhit cho cc thit b ln men

32

Trong qu trnh hot ng ca vi sinh vt trong thit b, mt lng nhit c thot ra. S pht trin ging b chm li khi tng nhit canh trng, cn sau c kh nng vi sinh vt b cht. ngn nga hin tng cc thit b ln men cn phi trang b cc c cu thi nhit (ng xon, o, cc ng nhit). Lng nhit thi ra t canh trng v tiu hao nc lm lnh c xc nh t cn bng nhit trong 1h lam vic. .

Trong :

Gn , GB v GK - khi lng mi trng dinh dng, nc lm lnh v canh trng thnh phm, kg; Cn , CB , v CK - nhit dung ring ca mi trng dinh dng, nc lm lnh v canh trng thnh phm, kJ/(kgK); tn , tK , t1B v t2B - nhit ca mi trng dinh dng, canh trng thnh phm, nc lm lnh u v cui, K;

q - lng nhit trung bnh c gii phng khi mc tng sinh khi ca chng vi sinh vt, kJ/kg; p - mc tng sinh khi sinh vt, kg/h; L - lng khng kh c thi, kg/h; iv i2 - entanpi ca khng kh mi v khng kh thi, kJ/kg; 33

Fa - din tch b mt ca thit b ln men, m2 - h s thi nhit t b mt thit b vo mi trng xung quanh kW/(m2K); t - hiu trung bnh nhit ca canh trng pht trin v khng kh xung quanh thit b, K.

Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thit b ln men c dng: GBCB (t2B t1B) = Q1 + Q2 Q5 Q8 L (i2 i1) Tuy nhin vi thc nghim cho bit, nhit phn ng tt nht l 30oC, nh vy xem nh lng nc ch c vai tr l gi nhit n nh. Hn na, xem nh lng nhit phn ng l khng ng k, vy lng nc ch gip cho tht thot nhit. Vy phng trnh cn bng nhit thc t l : GBCB(t1B t2B) = Q8 Ta c :
o o

Nhit lng tht thot: Q8 = 3600 .t.Fa Vi din tch b mt thit b ln men c tnh theo cng thc: Fa = 0,785 D2 = 13,2 m2 Trn c s ca cc s liu thc nghim i vi thc nghim i vi thit b c o lnh, tnh n s nhim bn tng c th ly = 3000 W/(m2K). Xt TPHCM, nhit trung bnh l 27oC, nhit hn hp phn ng l 30oC, vy t = 3 K Tnh ton ta c Q8 = 3600 .t.Fa = 4,27.108 J = GBCB(t1B t2B) Xem nh nhit nc bng nhit phn ng, t1B = 300C , t2B = 27oC CB = 4200 J/ kg.K Vy lng nc tham gia truyn nhit :

o o

GB =

QB = 33888.89kg CB (t1 t2 )
34

 Nh vy trong mt gi, s c khong 34 m3 nc tham gia vo qu trnh truyn nhit nhm n nh nhit bnh phn ng. Tuy nhin trn thc t, do s dng h thng tun hon nn lng nc c th t hn. Ty thuc vo nhit mi trng thay i hay nhit phn ng thay i m ta c th iu chnh lng nc cho ph hp, m bo nhit n nh. Nhn xet Trn y la m hinh tinh toan cua nhom chung em da trn nhng kin thc a c hoc cac mn truyn nhit, qua trinh c hoc, truyn khi va ky thut phan ng.Vic xy dng m hinh oi hoi phai co s lin h kin thc gia cac mn hoc,kha nng x ly s liu thc nghim cua ngi thit k.

Mt khac, qua trinh ng hoc cua phan ng ln men L-sorbitol thanh Dsorbose nh vi sinh vt la mt phan ng di th san xut vitamin C , chiu anh hng cua nhiu yu t khac nhau dn n vic tinh toan thit bi tr nn rt phc tap.Bn canh o, do nganh san xut dc phm nc ta cha phat trin nn vic tim kim tai liu, s liu thc nghim gp nhiu kho khn, gy tr ngai cho vic tinh toan.

Chung em chn thanh cam n c trong thi gian qua a tn tinh hng dn chung em co th hoan chinh m hinh thit k.Chung em rt mong nhn c y kin ong gop cua c m hinh thit k c hoan chinh hn!
IV. 1.

PHN 4: TAI LIU THAM KHAO K. MIHAJEVIC and M.BOSNJAK, Defining of the Knetics of Microbial Oxidation Process Events with Reference to L-sorbose Formation in a Large Range of Culture Conditions. R. GIRIDHAR, Model Based Constant Feed Fed-Batch L-Sorbose Production Process for Improvement in L-Sorbose Productivity V B Minh, K Thut Phn ng. Nguyn Vn La, Tp 1 :Cc Qu Trnh v Thit B C Hc, Quyn 1 Khuy-Lng-Lc 35

2.

3. 4.

5.

S tay Qu Trnh V Thit B Cng Ngh Ha Cht tp 2, NXB Khoa Hc v K Thut.

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