Incoterms 2010

INCOTERMS 2010

Incoterms 2000 Cc thng l tt nht

Nguyn Xun o, MIB
1

Lch s ca Incoterms
Mt y ban v cc iu khon thng mi vi s h tr
ca cc y ban ICC quc gia xy dng nn 6 qui tc u tin vo nm 1923: FOB, FAS, FOT, FOR, giao hng CIF v C&F B Incoterms u tin ra i nm 1936 Cc ln sa i: 1953, 1967, 1976, 1980, 1990, 2000 B Incoterms 2010 s bt u c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2011.

Hp ng mua bn
Trc tin chng ta phi nu r: Xc nh cc bn M t hng ha Gi c hng ha (bao gm nhng khon no?) Kim tra hng ha ngha v v cc hn ch Cc mc dung sai v cht lng v s lng sn phm Thi hn giao hng, cc iu kin (hp ng vn ti?) Chnh xc ni giao hng cho ngi mua Chuyn giao ri ro (bo him?) Bo lu quyn s hu v chuyn quyn s hu ti sn
3

Hp ng mua bn cng cn bao gm nhng ni dung: Ai s chu trch nhim lm th tc hi quan ti cng xut v ti cng nhp v chi ph (thu xut, nhp khu, VAT) Ai s chi khon g trong vic giao hng? Phng thc thanh ton bi ngi mua Ngi bn phi xut trnh nhng chng t g Cc iu khon bo hnh ca ngi bn v quyn khiu ni ca ngi mua Quyn ca cc bn iu khon bt kh khng Yu cu tu chnh th tn dng Ngn ng trong hp ng La chn lut iu chnh v c ch gii quyt tranh chp

Incoterms 2010 rt hu ch!

Gi c hng ha (nhng khon g c a vo trong
gi) Kim tra hng ha ngha v v cc hn ch Thi hn v iu kin giao hng (hp ng vn ti?) Chnh xc a im giao hng cho ngi mua Chuyn giao ri ro (bo him?) Ai s chu trch nhim lm th tc hi quan ti cng xut, cng nhp, chi ph (thu xut nhp khu, VAT) Ai s chi khon g lin quan n vic giao hng Ngi bn cn xut trnh nhng chng t g

Incoterms 2010
Cc ngha v ni chung ca ngi bn v ngi mua Giy php xut khu, y quyn chnh thc c xut khu,

cc th tc hi quan cho xut khu Giy php nhp khu, y quyn chnh thc c nhp khu, cc th tc hi quan cho nhp khu Hp ng vn ti v bo him Giao hng nhn giao hng Chuyn giao ri ro Phn b chi ph Thng bo cho ngi bn/ngi mua Xut trnh chng t Kim tra, ng gi, k hiu H tr lin quan n thng tin v chi ph lin quan

Incoterms 2010
Cc nc thang vi cc ngha v chuyn dn t ngi
bn sang ngi mua T trch nhim ti thiu n trch nhim ti a ca ngi bn Ghi nh: nh a tt c nhng ni dung vo trong hp ng mua bn tham kho Incoterms 2000 FOB New Orlen, USA?

Incoterms 2010
Cn nu r tt c cc iu khon trong hp ng mua
bn: FOB Mumbai, Incoterms 2010 Qui nh mt s trch nhim nht nh gia ngi mua v ngi bn theo hp ng mua bn CN THN: ng nhm ln vi trch nhim gia ngi vn ti hay ngi nhn trong hp ng vn ti hay vi cc quan h hp ng khc!

Incoterms 2010
Incoterms cc iu khon hp ng ch khng phi l
lut Ch p dng nu c nu trong hp ng Cng c th c p dng ngay c khi khng c nu c th trong hp ng: .. Theo thng l thng mi, vic s dng c tha nhn bi lut p dng

Incoterms 2000- nhng g khng c qui nh?

Incoterms khng bao gm tt c mi th! Khng bao gm: Phng thc ngi bn giao hng n im n Ngi mua v ngi bn nn lm g yn tm cho mnh (v d: mua bo him tr iu khon CIF v CIP) Chuyn giao ti sn/quyn s hu hng ha vn v lut p dng y quyn c iu khon c th trong hp ng (iu khon bo lu quyn s hu) Vi phm hp ng, mt mt, h hng do ng gi khng cn thn, k hiu, v.v

10

Phn loi trong Incoterms 2010

Cc iu khon E: EXW
Ngi bn giao hng cho ngi mua nh ot ngay ti xng/kho ca mnh Cc iu khon F: FCA, FAS, FOB Ngi bn a hng n cho ngi vn ti u tin, ngi mua chu trch nhim v chi ph v ri ro ca vic vn ti chnh Cc iu khon C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP Ngi bn thu xp v thanh ton tin vn chuyn nhng khng chu ri ro trong qu trnh vn chuyn Cc iu khon D: DAT, DAP, DDP Ngi bn chu tt c cc chi ph giao dch v ri ro cho n im giao hng im ch

11

Phn loi trong Incoterms 2010

Qui tc p dng cho bt k phng thc vn ti no:

EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP

ex work free carrier carriage paid to carriage and insurance paid to delivered at terminal delivered at place delivered duty paid

12

Phn loi trong Incoterms 2010

Qui tc p dng cho bt k phng thc vn ti no: FAS free alongside ship FOB free on board CFR cost and freight CIP cost, insurance and freight

13

Cc im thay i chnh trong Incoterms 2010

a) b) c) d) e)
11 Incoterms gi l cc qui tc ca Incoterms 2010 Ni dung Gii thiu chung cc gii thch chnh Cc ghi ch hng dn trc mi qui tc Incoterm Cp nht tt c cc qui tc A v B

14

 Cc on A1 n A10 v B1 n B10 c sa i
n mc r rng nht v to thun li cho dch thut Gii thiu ngn gn ai cng nn c b) Ni dung - Cc ngha v v vic gii phng hng ha v l do an ninh - Gii phng hng ha v l do an ninh - Incoterms cng phn nh nhim v ca mi bn v ngha v thng tin v phn b chi ph - A2/B2 v A10/B10 thng tin hoc tr gip

15

Cc quan ngi v an ninh Incoterms 2010

9/11/2001 Lo ngi ngy cng tng v an ninh trong khi di chuyn
hng ha Cc qui nh ca tng quc gia v an ninh hng ha cha c hi ha ha hon ton EU: B sung ni dung v an ton v an ninh trong Lut Hi quan T 1/7/2009, cc d liu v an ninh phi c cung cp trc khi hng ri i hay n mt a im trong a gii hi quan ca Cng ng chu u

16

http://ec.europa.eu/ecip/security_amendment/procedures/in dex_en.htm T khai tm tt hng n (ENS) M: ngy 1/3/2003, thnh lp c quan Hi quan v Phng v bin gii thuc B An ninh ni a www.cbp.gov Sng kin an ninh vn ti container : http//www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/trade/cargo_security /csi/csi_strategic_plan.ctt/csi_strategic_plan.pdf C-PAT: i tc hi quan-thng mi chng khng b - i tc nh nc t nhn t thng 11 nm 2001

17

Cc thay i trong cc iu khon D

Vn ti quc t - container ha a im giao hng, ph bc d ti cng Incoterms 2010 DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU DAP, DAT,
DDP n gin ha DAF vn thc t - hng ha c giao ti bin gii (khng kim tra) DAP giao ti a im thay th - ngi bn giao hng cho ngi mua trn phng tin vn chuyn m cha d xung, thay th cho cc iu khon DES, DDU, DAF
18

Cc thay i trong cc iu khon D

DAT giao hng ti cng thay th cho DEQ, DDU.
Ngi bn giao hng cho ngi mua ti im n m cha d hng xung Incoterms 2000 khng c gii php cho tnh hung khi hng c giao m cha d xung khi phng tin vn ti ch hng n im giao hng Thay i trong vn ti b cc iu khon ca hng tu c m phn bi cc hi ngh hng hi gia cc cc cng ty tu bin cc iu kin v cc ph vn ti c m phn t do

19

Cc thay i trong cc iu khon D

Cc iu kin cc ph ngy cng bao gm ton b cc chi ph bc d - m phn bi cc cng ty vn ti v c quan qun l cng terminal in-terminal out Phn nh trong quui tc DAT mi. Cc qui tc FCA v DAT c iu chnh cho vn ti container. Cc thay i khc lin quan n: S dng Incoterms trong cc khu min thu hoc thng mi t do v trong cc th trng ni a S dng giao tip in t

20

10

Cc quy tc chnh trong s dng cc iu khon ca Incoterms 2010

1. a cc qui tc ca Incoterms 2010 vo hp ng mua
bn 2. La chn qui tc Incoterm ph hp 3. Nu r a im/cng giao hng v ch n cng chnh xc cng tt 4. Incoterms 2010 khng bao gm mi iu kin trong hp ng

21

5. C th s dng trong thng mi ni a 6. Bo him Incoterms 2010 sa i cc iu khon Institute Cargo (2009) 7. Ch n THC c phi l mt phn ca hp ng vn ti khng? 8. Bn hng theo chui ngi bn gia mua hng ha c chuyn i 9. Ch n ri ro s dng cc bin th ca cc qui tc Incoterms (chi ph v im chuyn giao ri ro?!!!)

22

11

Cc thut ng c s dng trong cc qui tc Incoterms 2010

Ngi vn ti Cc th tc hi quan Giao hng Chng t giao hng Chng t vn ti hoc ha n vn ti Hoc cc ghi chp in t tng ng

23

Cc thut ng c s dng trong cc qui tc Incoterms 2010

ng gi: ng gi hng ha theo qui nh trong hp ng ng gi hng ha sao cho ph hp vi vic vn chuyn Xp hng ng gi vo trong container hay cc phng tin vn ti khc

24

12

ng gi
Bo v hng ha trong qu trnh vn chuyn trnh h hng, mt mt, n trm S dng n v vn ti ph hp, tit kim K hiu, marketing Hng ha nguy him cc qui nh: Vn ti hng khng: IATA DGR Vn ti bin: IMDG Vn ti ng st: RID Vn ti ng b: ADR
25

A Cc ngha v ca ngi bn A1 Cc ngha v ni chung ca ngi bn A2 giy php, thm quyn thng qua an ninh v cc th tc khc A3 hp ng vn ti v bo him A4 giao hng A5 chuyn giao ri ro A6 phn b chi ph A7 thng bo cho bn mua A8 chng t giao hng A9 kim tra, ng gi, k hiu A10 h tr v thng tin v cc chi ph c lin quan

B Cc ngha v ca ngi mua B1 cc ngha v ni chung ca ngi mua

B2 giy php, thm quyn thng qua an ninh v cc th tc khc B3 hp ng vn ti v bo him B4 nhn hng B5 chuyn giao ri ro B6 phn b chi ph B7 thng bo cho bn bn B8 bng chng giao hng B9 kim tra hng ha B10 h tr v thng tin v cc chi ph c lin quan
26

13

EXW (tn a im giao hng) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
27

28

14

EXW (tn a im giao hng) Cc im quan trng

Giao hng v quyn nh ot cho ngi mua ti a
im ca ngi bn hoc mt a im c th no (kho, nh my) Hng cha c thng quan xut khu Hng cha c bc ln bt k mt phng tin vn ti no

29

EXW Ch hng dn
Ph hp vi thng mi ni a ch khng ph hp vi
thng mi quc t Nu r im hng trong c s ca ngi bn thng nht t trc nu khng, ngi bn c th la chn Giao hng vo mt ngy c th hoc trong mt thi hn c th c hai bn thng nht Ngi bn khng c ngha v bc hng, nu bc th ngi mua chu chi ph v ri ro Khng thng quan XK, ch h tr Ngha v hn ch ca ngi mua trong vic cung cp thng tin v XK (thu, bo co) H tr trong vic xin giy php XK, y quyn chnh thc, thng qua an ninh nu ngi mua yu cu
30

15

EXW Cc im chnh
Chuyn giao ri ro
- Khi giao hng v quyn nh ot cho ngi mua ti im thng nht (nu c) ti im giao hng Cc thng bo - Ngi bn thng bo cho ngi mua ngi mua c th n nhn hng - Ngi mua thng bo cho ngi bn nu ngi mua c quyn quyt nh thi gian v/hoc a im nhn hng - Nu khng thng bo chuyn giao ri ro t ngy hai bn thng nht hay ngy cui cng ca thi hn thng nht hng ha y c xc nh r l hng ha trong hp ng
31

EXW Cc im chnh
Phn b chi ph: Ngi mua phi a) Chi tr ton b chi ph lin quan n hng ha t lc hng c giao cho mnh b) Chi tr bt k khon chi ph thm no do khng nhn hng khi ngi bn giao, hoc khng thng bo ph hp, min l hng ha phi c xc nh r l hng ha trong hp ng c) Khi cn, chi tr tt c cc loi thu XNK, thu v l ph, cng nh chi ph lm th tc hi quan khi XK, v d) Thanh ton li cho ngi bn tt c cc chi ph v l ph m ngi bn phi b ra h tr ngi mua
32

16

EXW Cc im chnh
Kim tra ng gi k hiu - ng gi hng ha tr phi loi hng thng thng khng cn ng gi - ng gi sao cho ph hp cho vic vn chuyn tr kkhi ngi mua thng bo cho ngi bn v nhng yu cu ng gi c th trc khi k kt hp ng mua bn - K hiu ph hp H tr v thng tin, chi ph: - Nu ngi mua yu cu v chu ri ro cng nh chi ph, th ngi bn s cung cp hoc h tr trong vic xin cc loi giy t v thng tin cn thit cho vic XNK v vn chuyn hng ha n ch cui cng.
33

FCA (tn a im giao hng) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
34

17

35

FCA (tn a im giao hng) Cc im chnh

Ngi bn giao hng xong th tc thng quan xut khu cho ngi vn ti hoc mt ngi khc do ngi mua ch nh ti a im thng nht vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht. - a im giao hng c la chn c nh hng n cc ngha v bc/d hng ca ngi bn!

36

18

FCA (tn a im giao hng) Cc im chnh

a im giao hng c la chn: Ti c s ca ngi bn ngi bn chu trch nhim bc hng Ti mt ni bt k no khc: ngi bn khng chu trch nhim bc hng, v thm ch d hng ch giao hng cho ngi vn chuyn trn phng tin vn ti ca ngi bn, hng sn sng d!

37

FCA Lu hng dn
Ph hp c vi thng mi ni a v thng mi QT Cn nu r ch no trong a im giao hng, nu khng th ngi
bn c quyn la chn ch giao hng Giao vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht Nhng vn chnh: - Thng quan XK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, th tc hi quan cho XK - Hp ng vn ti ngi bn khng c ngha v - Nu ngi mua yu cu hoc theo thng l thng mi v nu ngi mua khng a ra cc ch th tri ngc, th ngi bn c th thu ngi vn chuyn theo nhng iu khon thng thng nhng ngi mua chu ri ro v chi ph - Trong c hai trng hp, ngi bn u c th t chi khng thu ngi vn ti
38

19

Chuyn giao ri ro Khi hng c giao vo quyn nh ot ca ngi vn ti ti ch thng nht (nu c) ti a im giao hng: - Nu l c s ca ngi bn th ngi bn phi bc hng ln phng tin vn ti - Nu ni khc, th ngi bn ch giao hng trn phng tin vn ti ca mnh trong tnh trng sn sng d xung - Ngi mua qun khng thng bo ngi vn ti (hay mt ngi khc) - Ngi vn ti khng nhn hng: chuyn giao ri ro t ngy thng nht, nu khng c ngy thng nht th t ngy ngi bn thng bo trong thi hn thng nht, nu khng c ngy thng bo th t ngy cui cng ca thi hn thng nht giao hng hng ha phi c nu r l hng ha trong hp ng
39

Chng t giao hng L bng chng thng thng rng hng c giao vi chi ph do ngi bn tr Ngi bn phi h tr ngi mua trong vic ly chng t vn ti (nu ngi mua yu cu, chu chi ph v ri ro) Cc thng bo Ngi bn thng bao cho ngi mua: thng bo y (ngi mua chu chi ph v ri ro) rng hng c giao hoc ngi vn ti m ngi mua ch nh khng n nhn hng theo thi hn thng nht Ngi mua thng bo kp thi cho ngi bn: tn ngi vn ti (hoc ngi khc) Khi cn, thng bo thi gian mnh chn trong thi hn c thng nht Phng thc vn ti c s dng Ch giao hng trong a im nu 40

20

CPT (tn a im giao hng) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
41

CPT (tn v a im giao hng) Nhng im chnh

Ngi bn giao hng: lm xong th tc thng quan cho xut khu cho ngi vn ti hoc mt ngi khc do chnh anh ta ch nh, sp xp v thanh ton cho vic vn ti cho n mt im n nht nh. - Ri ro i vi hng ha chuyn t ngi bn sang ngi mua khi hng ha c giao n ngi vn ti u tin. - Hai im mu cht: giao hng (ri ro); v im ch n

42

21

CPT Lu hng dn
Nu r ch trong a im giao hng, nu khng th
ngi bn c th chn. Vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht Nu r ch trong a im n thng nht. Nu ngi bn chu chi ph d hng theo hp ng vn ti th khng c quay li i ngi mua tr khi hai bn thng nht t trc Cc vn chnh: Thng quan XK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, cc th tc hi quan cho XK Hp ng vn ti ngi bn phi thu vn ti t im giao hng thng nht n im ch thng nht
43

CIP (tn a im giao hng) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
44

22

45

CIP (tn v a im giao hng) Nhng im chnh

Ngi bn giao hng: c thng quan cho XK cho ngi vn ti hoc ngi khc do chnh anh ta ch nh, sp xp v thanh ton cho vic vn ti cho n im ch c th. Ri ro i vi hng ha chuyn t ngi bn sang ngi mua khi hng ha c giao cho ngi vn ti u tin, ngi bn mua hp ng bo him Hai im chnh: giao hng (ri ro), v ch n

46

23

CIP Lu hng dn
Nu r ch trong a im giao hng, nu khng th
ngi bn c th chn. Vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht Nu r ch trong a im n thng nht. Nu ngi bn chu chi ph d hng theo hp ng vn ti th khng c quay li i ngi mua tr khi hai bn thng nht t trc Cc vn chnh: Hp ng vn ti ngi bn phi thu vn ti t im giao hng thng nht n im ch thng nht Hp ng bo him phm vi bo him nh nht
47

Hp ng bo him
t nht c phm vi bo him ti thiu theo qui nh ca cc iu (C)
trong cc iu khon bo him hng ha (Institute Cargo Clauses LMA/IUA) hay bt k iu khon no tng t Ngi bo him hoc cng ty bo him hng ha s y quyn ngi mua hay bt k bn no c quyn li bo him i vi hng ha c i bi thng trc tip t cng ty bo him Khi ngi mua yu cu v cung cp bt k thng tin cn thit no m ngi bn yu cu, th ngi bn s phi k hp ng bo him vi phm vi rng hn (nu cng ty bo him c bo him n phm vi ), v d nh phm vi bo him theo iu (A) hoc (B) hay bt k iu khon tng t no khc, hay phm vi bo him ph hp vi cc iu khon chin tranh hay iu khon nh cng hay bt k iu khon no khc, v ngi mua phi chu chi ph do m rng phm vi bo him nh vy

48

24

DAT (tn ga ca cng hoc ch n) - Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
49

50

25

DAT (tn ca ga cng hoc im ch)

Ngi bn giao hng: thng quan cho XK cha c d xung t phng tin vn ti, giao vo quyn nh ot ca ngi mua ti mt ga c th cng c th/hoc im ch n c th. Ga bao gm bt k ni no, d c mi che hay khng, v d nh cu cng, nh kho, sn container, trm ng b, ga ng st hoc ga hng khng.

51

DAT Lu hng dn
Nu r tn ga, v nu c th, ch c th trong ga (ni
giao hng) Vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht Cc vn chnh: Thng quan XK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, cc th tc hi quan cho XK Hp ng vn ti ngi bn phi thu ngi vn ti n ga c th ti cng c th hay im ch c thng nht Nu khng nu ga c th th ngi bn c th chn
52

26

DAP (tn im ch) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
53

54

27

DAP (nn im ch)

Ngi bn giao hng: c thng quan cho XK Trn phng tin vn ti n, giao vo quyn nh ot ca ngi mua, trong tnh trng sn sng d xung, ti im ch c th

55

DAP Lu hng dn
Nu r ch trong im ch Vo ngy c th hoc trong thi hn thng nht
Cc vn chnh: Thng quan XK, giy php, y thc chnh thc, cc th tc hi quan cho XK Hp ng vn ti ngi bn phi thu ngi vn ti n im ch c th Nu khng nu r ch, ngi bn c th chn Nu ngi bn phi chu chi ph d hng ti im ch theo hp ng vn ti th khng c quyn quay li i ngi mua tr phi hai bn c tha thun t trc.
56

28

DDP (tn im ch) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
57

58

29

DDP (tn im ch)

Ngi bn giao hng: thng quan cho XNK t vo quyn nh ot ca ngi mua, thng quan nhp khu trn phng tin vn ti n, sn sng d ti im ch. Ngi bn phi chu mi chi ph v ri ro lin quan n vic mang hng n im ch v c ngha v lm th tc thng quan c xut v nhp khu, thanh ton c thu xut v nhp khu, v thc hin mi th tc hi quan

59

DDP Lu hng dn
Nu r ch giao hng ti im ch thng nht Vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht
Cc vn chnh: Thng quan XNK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, cc th tc hi quan XNK Hp ng vn ti ngi bn phi thu ngi vn ti n im ch thng nht Nu khng nu r ch giao hng ti im ch th ngi bn c quyn chn Nu ngi bn phi chu chi ph theo hp ng vn chuyn v vic d hng ti im ch th khng c quyn quay li i ngi mua tr phi c tha thun t trc
60

30

FAS (tn cng i) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
61

62

31

FAS (tn cng i)

Ngi bn giao hng: thng quan XK t dc theo mn tu (VD trn cu cng) do ngi mua ch nh ti cng i Ngi bn phi giao hng dc theo mn tu hoc mua hng sn sng bc ln tu. Vic ni n t mua y l ch trng hp bn dy chuyn, vn rt thng dng trong bun bn hng nguyn liu.

63

FAS Lu hng dn
Nu r ch bc hng ti cng i Vo ngy thng nht hoc trong thi hn thng nht
Cc im chnh: Thng quan XK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, cc th tc hi quan cho XK Hp ng vn ti khng c ngha v Tuy nhin, nu ngi mua yu cu hoc nu theo thng l thng mi v ngi mua khng c ch th khc kp thi, th ngi bn c th thu ngi vn ti theo nhng iu khon thng thng nhng ngi mua vn chu chi ph v ri ro Trong c hai trng hp, ngi bn c th t chi thu ngi vn ti, v nu nh vy th phi kp thi thng bo cho ngi mua
64

32

FOB (tn cng i) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
65

66

33

FOB (tn cng i)

Ngi bn giao hng: thng quan XK Ln boong tu do ngi mua ch nh ti cng i

Ngi bn phi giao hng ln boong tu hoc mua hng c giao ln boong. Vic ni n t mua l ch trng hp mua bn nhiu ln theo chui, rt thng dng trong bun bn hng nguyn liu.

67

FOB Lu hng dn
FOB c th khng ph hp khi hng ha c giao cho
ngi vn ti trc khi c xp ln boong tu, v d hng ha trong container, m thng l c giao ti mt ga/trm no . Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, nn s dng qui tc FCA. Cc vn chnh: Thng quan XK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, cc th tc hi quan cho XK Hp ng vn ti khng c ngha v Tuy nhin, nu ngi mua yu cu hoc nu theo thng l thng mi v ngi mua khng c ch th khc kp thi, th ngi bn c th thu ngi vn ti theo nhng iu khon thng thng nhng ngi mua vn chu chi ph v ri ro Trong c hai trng hp, ngi bn c th t chi thu ngi vn ti, v nu nh vy th phi kp thi thng bo cho 68 ngi mua

34

Chuyn giao ri ro: Khi hng ha c c xp ln boong tu do ngi mua ch nh ti im bc hng ti cng i tr phi ngi mua khng thng bo hoc tu do ngi mua ch nh khng n ng hn nn khng th nhn hng, hoc kt thc nhn hng sm hn thi gian thng bo. Thng bo: - Ngi bn thng bo cho ngi mua: thng bo y cho ngi mua (ngi mua chu chi ph v ri ro) rng hng c giao hoc tu khng nhn hng theo thi gian thng nht. - Ngi mua thng bo cho ngi bn: thng bo y v tn tu, ch bc hng, v khi cn thit, thi gian giao hng la chn trong thi hn thng nht.
69

CFR (tn cng n) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
70

35

71

CFR (tn cng n)

Ngi bn giao hng: thng quan XK Ln boong tu ti cng i c ch nh
Ngi bn phi giao hng ln boong tu hoc mua hng c xp ln boong tu ti cng i. Vic ni n t mua l ch trng hp mua bn nhiu ln theo chui, vn rt thng dng trong bun bn hng nguyn liu.

72

36

CFR Lu hng dn
Qui tc ny c hai im mu cht bi v ri ro v chi ph
c chuyn giao ti cc ni khc nhau. Mc d trong hp ng lun ni n cng ch, nhng c th li khng nu tn cng i, m mi chnh l ni ri ro chuyn t ngi bn sang ngi mua. Nu ngi mua c bit quan tm n cng i th hai bn nn nu cng r cng tt v cng i trong hp ng mua bn. CFR c th khng ph hp khi hng c giao cho ngi vn ti trc khi c xp ln boong, v d hng trong container thng c giao ti ga/trm. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, nn s dng qui tc CPT.

73

CFR Lu hng dn
Cc bn nn nu cng r cng tt ch ti cng ch, bi v cc chi ph chuyn hng n ch s do ngi bn chu. Cc vn chnh: Ngi bn phi thu hoc mua hp ng vn ti hng ha t ch giao hng (nu c) ti a im giao hng n cng ch c ch nh, hoc nu thng nht, n mt ch c th ti cng ch . Hp ng vn ti phi c k kt theo nhng iu khon thng thng v ngi bn chu chi ph, v qui nh vn chuyn bng tuyn ng thng thng m mt con tu cng loi thng i vn chuyn loi hng ha tng t.
74

37

CIF (tn cng ch) Incoterms 2010

vn chuyn hng ha

ri ro

chi ph

Thng quan XK

thng quan NK
75

76

38

CIF (tn cng ch)

Ngi bn giao hng: thng quan XK Ln boong tu ti cng i c ch nh v hng c mua bo him Ngi bn phi giao hng giao hng ln boong tu hoc mua hng c xp ln boong tu ti cng i. Vic ni n t mua l ch trng hp mua bn nhiu ln theo chui, vn rt thng dng trong bun bn hng nguyn liu.

77

CIF Lu hng dn
Qui tc ny c hai im mu cht bi v ri ro v chi ph
c chuyn giao ti cc ni khc nhau. Mc d trong hp ng lun ni n cng ch, nhng c th li khng nu tn cng i, m mi chnh l ni ri ro chuyn t ngi bn sang ngi mua. Nu ngi mua c bit quan tm n cng i th hai bn nn nu cng r cng tt v cng i trong hp ng mua bn. CIF c th khng ph hp khi hng c giao cho ngi vn ti trc khi c xp ln boong, v d hng trong container thng c giao ti ga/trm. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, nn s dng qui tc CIP.

78

39

CIF Lu hng dn
Cc bn nn nu cng r cng tt ch ti cng ch, bi v cc chi ph chuyn hng n ch s do ngi bn chu. Cc vn chnh: Thng quan XK, giy php, y quyn chnh thc, th tc hi quan cho XK Hp ng vn ti Ngi bn phi thu hoc mua hp ng vn ti hng ha t ch giao hng (nu c) ti a im giao hng n cng ch c ch nh, hoc nu thng nht, n mt ch c th ti cng ch . Hp ng vn ti phi c k kt theo nhng iu khon thng thng v ngi bn chu chi ph, v qui nh vn chuyn bng tuyn ng thng thng m mt con tu cng loi thng i vn chuyn loi hng ha tng t.
79

Hp ng bo him t nht c phm vi bo him ti thiu theo qui nh ca cc iu (C) trong cc iu khon bo him hng ha (Institute Cargo Clauses LMA/IUA) hay bt k iu khon no tng t Ngi bo him hoc cng ty bo him hng ha s y quyn ngi mua hay bt k bn no c quyn li bo him i vi hng ha c i bi thng trc tip t cng ty bo him Khi ngi mua yu cu v cung cp bt k thng tin cn thit no m ngi bn yu cu, th ngi bn s phi k hp ng bo him vi phm vi rng hn (nu cng ty bo him c bo him n phm vi ), v d nh phm vi bo him theo iu (A) hoc (B) hay bt k iu khon tng t no khc, hay phm vi bo him ph hp vi cc iu khon chin tranh hay iu khon nh cng hay bt k iu khon no khc, v ngi mua phi chu chi ph do m rng phm vi bo him nh vy
80

40