CC CNG THC O HM, NGUYN HM V TCH PHN C BN CA HM MT BIN

I/ O HM: I1/ Cc quy tc tnh o hm: 1/ u + v ' = u'+ v' 3/ cu ' = cu' (c l hng s) I2/ Bng o hm cc hm s s cp c bn:

2/ uv ' = u'v + uv'

( )

( )

u'v - uv' u ' 4/ = 2 v v

m m- 1 2/ x ' = mx

( ) 3/ ( sin x) ' = cosx

1 cos2 x x x 7/ a ' = a lna
5/ tgx ' =

1/ c ' = 0 (c l hng s)

( )
( (

4/ cosx ' = - sin x 6/ cot gx ' = x x 8/ e ' = e

( (

( )
(

( )
(

1 sin2 x

9/ loga x ' =

1 x lna 1

10/ ln ' =

( )

1 x

11/ arcsin x ' =

1- x2 1 13/ ( arctgx) ' = 1+ x2

1/ f x = xk,
x n

12/ arccosx ' = -

1 1- x2

I3/ Mt vi o hm cp cao ca mt vi hm s s cp:

( ) f ( x) = k ( k - 1) ...( k - n + 1) x (n k) ( ) ( ) 2/ f ( x) = e , f ( x) = e ( ) ( ) 3/ f ( x) = sin x, f ( x) = ( - 1) sin x ; f ( x) = ( - 1) cosx ( ) ( ) 4/ f ( x) = cosx, f ( x) = ( - 1) cosx ; f ( x) = ( - 1) sin x
k- n n x 2k k 2k +1 k 2k k 2k +1 k n 1 n! ( n) f ( x) = , f ( x) = ( - 1) 5/ n+1 1+ x ( 1+ x)

6/ f x = 1- x , f

( )

( n)

( x) =

n!

( 1- x)

n+1

I4/ Cc nh l c bn v o hm: 1/ nh l Fremat: Gi s hm s f t cc tr ti im x0 . Nu f c o hm ti im x0 th f ' x0 = 0.

( ) (

a, a, 2/ nh l Rolle: Gi s hm s f: b R lin tc trn on bv c o

hm trn khong a, b . Nu f a = f b th tn ti t nht mt im c cho f ' c = 0.

( )

( )

( a,b)

sao

( ) (

a, 3/ nh l Lagrange: Nu hm s f lin tc trn on bv c o hm trn

khong a, b th tn ti t nht mt im c

( a,b)

sao cho

f ( b) - f ( a) = f '( c) .( b - a) a, 4/ nh l Cauchy: Gi s f v g l hai hm s lin tc trn on bv c o

hm trn khong a, b . Nu g' x 0 vi mi x

( )

( a,b)

th tn ti t nht mt im

c ( a,b) sao cho g'( c)

I5/ ng dng ca o hm: 1/ Cng thc Taylor:

f '( c)

g( b) - g( a)

f ( b) - f ( a)

a, Gi s hm s f c cc o hm cp n lin tc trn on bv c o hm cp

n + 1 tren khong a, b . Khi tn ti mt im c

( a,b)
f

sao cho

f ( b) = f ( a) +

f '( a) 1!

( b - a) +

f ''( a) 2!

( b - a)

( n)

+ ... +

( a)

n!

( b - a)

( c) b - a ( ) ( n + 1) !
f

( n+1)

n+ 1

2/ Cng thc Maclaurin: trn mt khong m cha im 0). Khi :

Gi s hm s f c cc o hm n cp n + 1 tn mt ln cn im 0 (tc l

f ( x) = f ( 0) +
Vi R n x =

f '( 0) 1!
( n+1)

x+

f "( 0) 2!
n+1

x2 + ... +

( n)

n!

( 0) x

+ R n ( x)

( )

( qx) x ( n + 1) !

, 0 < q< 1 (phn d dng lagrange)

Hoc R x = n

( )

( n+1)

( qx)

n!

( 1- q)

xn+1 , 0 < q< 1 (phn d dng Cauchy).

3/ p dng cng thc Taylor vit cng thc trin khai ca mt s hm s:

( 1) ex = 1+

x x2 xn xn+1 qx + + ... + + e 1! 2! n! ( n + 1) !

n+1 n x x2 x3 1 ( 2) ln( 1+ x) = x - 2 + 3 - ... + ( - 1) ( n + 1) ( 1+ qx) n+1

a ( a - 1) ...( a - n + 1) n a a ( a - 1) + + ... + x + R n ( x) 1! 2! n! k- 1 x3 x5 x2k - 1 ( 4) sin x = x - 3! + 5! - ... + ( - 1) 2k - 1 ! + R 2k(x) ( )

( 3) ( 1+ x)

= 1+

( 5) cosx = 1II/ NGUYN HM: 1/ nh ngha:

2k k x x2 x4 x6 + + ... + ( - 1) + R 2k- 1 ( x) 2! 4! 6! 2k) ! (

( ) ( ) ( ) mt nguyn hm ca f ( x) nu F '( x) = f ( x) , " x ( a,b) .

2/ nh l:

Cho hai hm s F x , f x xc nh trong khong a, b . F x c gi l

( )

Nu F x l mt nguyn hm ca f x trong khong a, b th f x s c v s nguyn hm trong khong a, b . Cc nguyn hm ny c dng F x + c (c l hng s). Ngi ta thng k hiu

( )

( )

( )

( )

f ( x) dx l tp hp cc nguyn hm ca f ( x) . f ( x) dx = F ( x) + c
( 2) dx = x + c ( 4) dx = -x1 + c x
2

3/ Cc nguyn hm c bn:

( 1) 0dx = c ( 3)
dx 2 x = x +c

( 5)

dx

( ax + b)
n

- 1 +c a( ax + b) - 1)

( 6) x dx = n + 1 + c ( n ( 7)
dx = ln x + c x
x x

xn+1

( 8) ax + b = a ln ax + b + c ( 9') e
ax+b

dx

( 9) e dx = e ( a 0)
x

+c

dx =

1 ax+b e +c a

ax ( 10) a dx = lna + c

( 11) sin xdx = 1 cos( ax + b) + c a

cosx + c

( 11') sin( ax + b) dx = ( 12) cosxdx = sin x + c

1 ( 12') cos( ax + b) dx = a sin( ax + b) + c

( 13) tgxdx = 2

ln cosx + c

( 14) cot gxdx = ln sin x + c

dx ( 16) sin x = 2

dx ( 15) cos x = tgx + c 1 x ( 17) x dx 1 = 2 ln x - 1 + c +1 2

cot gx + c

( 17') x dxa 2

1 x- a ln +c 2a x + a

( 18) ( 19) ( 19')

dx x +k
2

= ln x + x2 + k + c

x2 + 1dx =

x 2 1 x + 1 + ln x + x2 + 1 + c 2 2 x 2 k x2 + kdx = x + k + ln x + x2 + k + c 2 2

II/ TCH PHN: 1/ nh ngha:

Cho hm s f x ln tc trn on

( )

b F ( x) l mt nguyn hm ca f ( x) . a, ,

a, Tch phn ca f ( x) trn on bl mt s thc. K hiu:

nh bi :

f ( x) dx v c xc
a

f ( x) dx = F ( b) - F ( a)
a

Ngi ta thng dng k hiu x (hoc F x F a Khi :

( )

( )

b a

) ch F b - F a .

( )

( )

F f ( x) dx = ( x) a
a b f ( x) dx = ( x) F a a b

2/ Cc phng php tnh tch phn: a/ Dng nh ngha: S dng cng thc

b/ Phng php i bin. c/ Dng cng thc tch phn tng phn: Ta k hiu: du = u'dx ; dv = v'dx

uv udv = a
a

vdu
a

*Ch : K hiu P x l a thc ca x th :

( )

x sin cosx th t u = P ( x) dx + Nu gp P ( x) . x e
+ Nu gp

P ( x) ln( x) dx th t u = ln x