CI TIN HIU NNG TRUYN PHT VIDEO MPEG-4 TRN SCTP

Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) l mt giao thc truyn iu khin dng lp giao vn c IETF chun ho theo RFC2960 t thng 10 nm 2000. SCTP l mt giao thc tin cy, hng thng bo v c nhiu c tnh mi so vi cc giao thc TCP v UDP. Giao thc SCTP h tr truyn pht a lung (multi-streamming) v a ch (multihom gia cc trm u cui v h tr mc giao vn cho c tnh multihoming (a ch). Bi bo ny xut mt gii php sa i cu trc gc ca gi tin SCTP h tr truyn pht cc lung video MPEG. S dng phng php m phng bng Network Simulator (NS) nh gi hiu nng truyn pht khi s dng SCTP ci tin so vi SCTP. Cc kt qu phn tch m phng cho thy hiu nng pht c ci thin ng k so vi khi s dng giao thc STCP chun.

1. T VN
SCTP l giao thc truyn iu khin dng lp giao vn c IETF ang chun ha theo RFC 2960, n l mt giao thc ng tin cy hng thng bo hot ng trn cc lin kt mng cha nhiu yu t khng n nh nh mng IP. SCTP c thit k khc phc cc hn ch ca giao thc TCP v UDP, giao thc SCTP c b sung nhiu dch v mi nh a ch (multihoming) , a lung (multi-streamming), v tng cng tnh bo mt. So vi UDP v TCP, SCTP thch hp hn vi cc ng dng yu cu hiu nng cao v tin cy c bit trong lnh vc truyn pht video thi gian thc.

2. CC C TNH C BN V CU TRC SCTP 2.1. Cc c tnh c bn ca SCTP Giao thc SCTP c cc c tnh sau: - Chu li lp mng thng qua c tnh h tr a ch - Cc tiu ha tr trong phn phi d liu bng cch pht d liu a lung. - Ack bo nhn - Phn mnh d liu thch hp iu chnh kch thc MTU. - Phn phi tun t cc thng bo ngi dng vo trong cng mt gi tin SCTP. - C th b nhiu thng bo ngi dng vo trong cng mt gi tin SCTP. - Ci tin bo v SYN-flood. - Duy tr ranh gii thng bo. Ngoi ra SCTP cng bao gm cc c ch checksums, sequence number v c ch la chn pht li d liu. Thm vo n cn c trang b cc gii thut iu khin trnh tc nghn khc lm gim thiu s mt mt d liu trong cc mng khng n nh nh mng IP. SCTP ci tin cc phng thc dung li trnh pht li nhng d liu khng cn thit. Cc phng thc bo mt trong SCTP cho php cc trm u cui lin kt vi nhau trnh hin tng SYN-flooding v loi b nhng gi d liu c hoc khng cn n na. 2.2.M hnh cu trc SCTP C TCP v SCTP u khi to mt lin kt thng qua c ch bt tay. Nh bit TCP s dng c ch bt tay ba bc thit lp mt lin kt mi, trong khi SCTP s dng c ch bt tay bn bc. Trong hnh 1 trnh by cc thnh phn chnh ca hai modules c bn, phn SCTP gi c thc hin bi SCTPAgent, v phn SCTP nhn c thc hin bi SCTPSink. Trn m un gi l cc ng dng lp trn s dng cc dch v do SCTP cung cp .

SCTP Sink

(receiving packet) SCTP output (sending packet) SCTP Receiving module SCTP Sending module Application (video transfer, FTP,HTTP,) SCTP output (sending packet) SCTP input (receiving packet) Timeout Processing Hnh 1. Cu trc m hnh SCTP 2.3. Cu trc v cc c tnh ca gi tin SCTP SCTP truyn d liu theo dng cc thng bo (messages), mi thng bo cha mt hoc nhiu gi tin. Mt gi tin SCTP c chia thnh nhiu on (chunk) d liu, mi chunk c th thuc v mt lung logic khc nhau trong phm vi lin kt. Trong hnh 2 trnh by cu trc mt gi tin SCTP. Cc phn on d liu ca cc chunk c th c kch thc khc nhau, tuy nhin tng kch thc gi tin SCTP nh hn hoc bng MTU lin kt. Mt s kiu chunk c nh ngha trc theo RFC SCTP, bao gm cc chunk dnh cho khi to lin kt, ti d liu, la chn bo nhn SACK, Mt thc th gi SCTP cho php b cc chunk bng cch dn mt s chunk vo cng mt gi tin nu c c hi, u nhn thc th nhn SCTP cho php g vic dn chunk v tho g cc b chunk. C hai tham s quan trng c th c t trn mt chunk c bn l: tin cy v th t pht. tin cy trong SCTP c nh ngha l s ln c gng truyn li cc gi tin b mt c xc nh t thc th gi thng qua vic kim tra sacks. tin cy bng 0 ch ra rng khng c s c gng pht li. Th t truyn pht c th thit lp trnh hin tng gi l head-of-line bloking xy ra trong giao thc TCP. Source port Destination port Verification Tag Checksum Type Flags Chunk Data Type Reserved, U, B, E TSN Length Chunk N Data Length Chunk 1 SCTP Commom Header

Stream Identifier S

Stream Sequence Number n

Payload Protocol Identifier User Data MTU 32 bit Hnh 2. Cu trc gi tin SCTP Hnh 3 biu din cc nh dng trng trong cc chunk c truyn pht trong gi tin SCTP. Mi chunk bao gm cc trng kiu, trng c c t mt chunk, trng di, v trng gi tr. Chunk type Chunk flags Chunk Length Chunk Data /chunk value Hnh 3. Cu trc mt chunk Chunk type: 8 bit, nh ngha kiu thng tin cha trong trng chunk d liu hay chunk gi tr. N nhn gi tr, tr s t 0-254. Gi tr 255 l trng m rng, ginh ring s dng sau. Cc c on (chunk): 8 bt Cch s dng cc bt ny da trn kiu/loi on (chunk).Tr trng hp c nh r, chng c t l 0 trn ng truyn v c b qua pha my nhn. Gi tr on (chunk): di bin i Trng gi tr cha thng tin thc ti c truyn ti trong on. Cch s dng v nh dng trng gi tr d liu da vo dng d liu. Tng di ca mt on (bao gm trng dng d liu, di v gi tr d liu) phi l bi s ca 4 byte. Nu di on d liu khng phi l bi s ca 4 byte , thc th gi (my gi) phi chn mt on c gi tr tt c l 0 byte v on chn ny khng nm trong trng di d liu. Thc th gi (my gi) khng nn chn on vt qu 3 byte. Thc th nhn (my nhn) s phi b qua on . 3. TRUYN PHT VIDEO MPEG-4 TRN SCTP 3.1. Chun MPEG Chun Mpeg (Moving Picture Experts Group) l mt sn phm ca nhm chuyn gia hnh nh chuyn ng mang tnh ISO/IEC c pht trin cho cc thit b m thanh v hnh nh bng cch nn d liu chun. Chun MPEG ln u tin c ra mt vo thng 5 nm 1988 ti Ottawa, Canada. Ngy nay cc video mpeg c s dng rng ri trong cc ng dng multimedia trn mng internet. s dng SCTP trong vic truyn pht video Mpeg chng ti trnh by mt s c tnh m ha video mpeg-4 theo chui tun t ba kiu khung hnh nn l (I, P hoc B). - Khung I (Intra-frames coded) khng tham chiu n cc khung khc c m ha cosin ri rc phng. - Khung P (precdictive-frame coded) c m ho tham chiu n cc khung I trc . - Khung B (bidiretional-frames coded) c m ho tham chiu n cc khung I hoc P mt trong phn trc v mt trong phn tip theo. Cc khung P c nn t l ln hn khung I v cc khung B c nn vi t l cao nht do kch thc khung I ln hn khung P v kch thc khung P ln hn kch thc khung B. Ton b chui video c gii m theo cc n v nh hn gi l GoPs (Group of pictures). Mt GoP ch r s th t v th t thi gian ca cc khung hnh P v B gia hai khung hnh I . Mt GoP c c trng ho bi hai tham s: khong cch (s lng) gia cc khung hnh I (N), v khong cch (s lng) khung hnh I n P (M). Cu trc th bc ny ph thuc s m ho ca mt s khung hnh trong mi GoP c minh ha trong hnh 4. Vi mt GoP cho (N, M), s mi kiu khung hnh (N{I,P,B}) trong mt GoP n l NI = 1, v .

Trong truyn thng thi gian thc, khi m ho MPEG cu trc GoP ng vai tr quan trng. Nu GoP qu ngn (tn s cc khung I l cao) s dn n yu cu bng thng cao; cn nu GoP qu di s dn n cc li truyn pht.

I B B PBBP BB P BB I B BP B B P B B PB B

GOP GOP

Hnh 4. Cu trc mt GoP vi N = 12 v M = 3. 3.2. Cc o cht lng truyn pht video mpeg-4 nh gi hiu nng truyn pht video mpeg-4 ta s dng cc o sau: 3.2.1. mt gi tin: mt gi tin: , trong : - T l kiu d liu trong gi tin ( mt trong cc kiu, tiu I, P, B) - : s cc gi tin kiu T gi. - : s cc gi tin kiu T nhn. 3.2.2. T l mt khung hnh , trong : - T l kiu khung hnh ( mt trong cc kiu I, P, B, ) - : s khung kiu T c gi. - : s khung kiu T nhn. Ngoi ra cn c mt s tham s khc nh hng n hiu nng truyn pht lung video nh: tc pht v nhn d liu, trng thi tc nghn ca ng truyn, kch thc b m trn my gi v my v my nhn. 4. CI TIN CU TRC GI TIN SCTP 4.1. Video chunk T cc c tnh m ho mpeg-4 v cc c tnh SCTP nh tin cy bin i c, vic nh ngha cc on (chunk) d liu tng ng vi cc khung hnh kiu I, P, B c th c s dng ci thin hiu nng truyn pht video trn cc mng best effort. Chng ti xut nh ngha ba kiu chunk d liu mi tng ng vi cc kiu khung hnh nh sau: Chunk I : tng ng cc khung hnh kiu I. Chunk P: tng ng khung hnh kiu P. Chunk B: tng ng cc khung hnh kiu B. 4.2. u tin truyn pht Chng ti xy dng tham s kim sot trng thi tc nghn CS (Congestion State). V t cc mc u tin truyn pht nh sau: - CS =1 3 : c xem nh l mng tc nghn, bng thng thp - > ch pht cc khung I. - CS = 4 7 : ng vi tnh trng khng tc nghn nhng bng thng thp -> pht khung I, P. - CS= 8 10: ng vi tnh trng khng tc nghn bng thng cao. -> pht khung I, P v B.

5. M PHNG Chng ti s dng cng c m phng NS-2.29 trong mi trng gi lp CYGWIN chy trn nn WINDOWS XP vi cu trc topo mng c m t trong hnh 5. Trong m phng chng ti s dng file video trace file mpeg-4 Verbose_StarWarsIV.dat kch thc 2037KB t a ch: http://trace.eas.asu.edu/TRACE/ltvt.html Kch bn m phng nh sau : thc th gi SCTP truyn pht mt video mpeg-4 (Verbose_StarWarsIV.dat c kch thc 2.037KB). Cc thng s ca file trace video tham gia m phng c trnh by trong bng 1. Bng thng gia thc th SCTP gi v nhn l 1Mbps, tr 10ms, thi gian m phng l 4.5 giy. Gi NAM minh ho hot ng ca m phng ny. Kt qu c trnh by trong cc hnh 6, 7, 8. 0

1 SCTP gi R1 UDP gi 4 5 SCTP nhn R2 UDP nhn

Hnh 5. Topo mng m phng Ln th nht on video c truyn m phng trn UDP, ln th hai SCTP chun v cui cng, pht trn SCTP c ci tin. nh ngha cc chunk tng ng vi cc khung hnh I, P, B mpeg-4 chng ti sa li mt s file cu hnh ca Ns-2.29. Trong m phng chng ti nh gi hiu nng qua so snh t l s khung hnh nhn c ti u gi tng ng vi t l phn trm gi tin b mt trong qu trnh truyn. Frame No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bng 1. nh dng file video trace Hnh 6. NAM (Network Animator)m phng Hnh 7. Sgi tin c truyn trn thi gian ms Trn hnh 8 cho thy cc kt qu o c ca tc khung hnh l mt hm ca tc mt gi tin. th cho thy khi tc mt gi tin p tng ln, tc khung hnh b suy gim. Trong trng Frametype I P B B P B B P Time[ms] 0 120 40 80 240 160 200 360 Length [byte] 534 1542 134 390 765 407 504 903

hp truyn pht video mpeg-4 trn SCTP ci tin, suy gim tc khung thp hn so vi truyn pht trn SCTP gc v UDP. Do cht lng video c ci thin hn r rt. Hnh 8. Tc khung hnh pht trn t l mt gi tin gia cc ln pht. 6. KT LUN Trong bi bo ny chng ti ci tin cu trc ca gi tin SCTP da trn c tnh c th m rng ca gi tin da trn cc nh ngha chunk d liu mi kt hp vi cc c im m ho video mpeg-4. Kt qu cho thy hiu nng mng c ci thin hn so vi truyn pht video mpeg-4 trn SCTP chun v UDP. Nghin cu tip theo chng ti s tm cch nh gi cht lng QoS truyn pht video-mpeg4 trn SCTP ci tin nh hng n cm nhn ngi dng , so snh vi vic truyn pht d liu trn giao thc TCP truyn thng. TI LIU THAM KHO 1 RFC 2960, http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2960.pdf 2 Randall Stewart, Qiaobing Xie, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) a Reference Guide, Addison-Wesley. January 2006 3 F.Fitzek, and M.Reisslein, MPEG-4 and H.263 Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation, Technical University of Berlin Technical Report, October 2000. http://www-tkn.ee.tu-berlin.de/research/trace/trace.html 4 E.Altman and T.Jimnez, NS for beginer Univ. De Los Andes, Mrida, Venezuela and ESSI, sophia-Antipolis, France, December 4, 2003 5 N. Feamster and H. Balakrishnan, Packet loss recovery for streaming video, in 12th International Packet Video Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA, April 2002. 6 The network simulator NS-2. Web page: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/, July-2002. 7 A. Balk, D.Maggiorini, M. Gerla, and M.Y. Sanadidi, Adaptive MPEG-4 Video Streaming with Bandwidth EstimationNetwork Research Laboratory, UCLA, Los Angeles CA 90024, USA 8 Jirka Klaue, Berthold Rathke, and Adam Wolisz, Evalvid-A Framework for Video Transmission and Quality Evaluation, Technical University of Berlin, Telecommunication Netwoks Group (TKN), 2004 9 Jianpin Zou, M.mit Uyar, Mariusz A.Fecko, Sunil Samtani, Throughput Models for SCTP with Parallel Subflows, The City University of New York, New York, USA, August 10, 2005. 10 Stephen Wolf and Margaret Pinson. Video quality measurement technicques, Technical Report 02-392, U.S.Department of Commerce, NTIA, June 2002. 11 F.Fitzek, and M.Reisslein, MPEG-4 and H.263 Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation, Technical University of Berlin Technical Report, October 2000. 12 Alex Balk, Marc Sigler, Mario Gerla, M.Y. Sanadidi, Investigation of MPE-4 Video Streaming over SCTP, Network Research Laboratory, Computer Science Department, UCLA Los Angeles, CA 90024-1596. 2001. 13 C. Krasic, K Li, J.Wapole, The case of streaming Multimedia with TCP, Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems (iDMS), 2001. 14 M.J.Riley, I. E. G. Richardson, Digital Video Communications, Artech House, 685 Canton Street, Norwood, 1997. 15 X.Lu, M. E. Z. R. O. Morando, Understanding video quality and its use in feedback control , in : Proc. Of Packet Video2002, Pittsburg, PA, USA, 2002. 16 D. Chanady Layered Video Protocol Using Bandwidth Estimation, Masters Thesis, UCLA CSD, December 2001. V cc tc gi: GS.TS. Nguyn Thc Hi tt nghip i hc Xy dng H Ni (ngnh Cu

ng) nm 1969, i hc Tng hp (ngnh Ton) nm 1970, nhn bng Cao hc (1984) v Tin s (1987) v Tin hc ti i hc Paris 6 (Cng ho Php); c phong chc danh Ph Gio s nm 1992 v Gio s nm 2002 ; cng tc ti Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni. Hng nghin cu ang theo ui: Mng my tnh v h phn tn. E-mail: haint@it-hut.edu.vn