Cng thc - cu to - cch gi tn 1. Cu to Mch C h, c th phn nhnh hoc khng phn nhnh.

. Trong phn t c 1 lin kt i: gm 1 lin kt v 1 lin kt . Nguyn t C lin kt i tham gia 3 lin kt nh 3 obitan lai ho sp2, cn lin kt nh obitan p khng lai ho. c bit phn t CH2 = CH2 c cu trc phng. Do c lin kt nn khong cch gia 2 nguyn t C = C ngn li v hai nguyn t C ny khng th quay quanh lin kt i v khi quay nh vy lin kt b ph v. Hin tng ng phn do: Mch cacbon khc nhau, v tr ca ni i khc nhau. Nhiu anken c ng phn cis - trans. V d: Buten-2

Anken c ng phn vi xicloankan. 2. Cch gi tn Ly tn ca ankan tng ng thay ui an bng en. Mch chnh l mch c ni i vi s th t ca C ni i nh nht. V d:

Tnh cht vt l Theo chiu tng ca n (trong cng thc CnH2n), nhit si v nhit nng chy tng. n = 2 - 4 : cht kh n = 5 - 18 : cht lng. n nh hn hoc bng 19 : cht rn. u t tan trong nc, tan c trong mt s dung mi hu c (ru, ete,) Tnh cht ho hc Do lin kt trong lin kt i km bn nn cc anken c phn ng cng c trng, d b oxi ho ch ni i, c phn ng trng hp. 1. Phn ng oxi ho a) Phn ng chy.

b) Phn ng oxi ho m du: To thnh ru 2 ln ru hoc t mch C ch ni i to thnh anehit hoc axit.

2. Phn ng cng hp a) Cng hp H2: b) Cng hp halogen: Lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng. (Theo dy Cl2, Br2, I2 phn ng kh dn.) c) Cng hp hirohalogenua (Theo dy HCl, HBr, HI phn ng d dn) i vi cc anken khc, nguyn t halogen (trong HX) mang in m, u tin nh vo nguyn t C bc cao (theo quy tc Maccpnhicp).

d) Cng hp H2O (un nng, c axit long xc tc) Cng tun theo quy tc Maccpnhicp: Nhm - OH nh vo C bc cao

3. Phn ng trng hp: C xc tc, p sut cao, un nng

iu ch 1. iu ch etilen Tch nc khi ru etylic

Tch H2 khi etan:

Nhit phn propan

 Cng hp H2 vo axetilen

2. iu ch cc anken Thu t ngun kh ch bin du m. Tch H2 khi ankan:

Tch nc khi ru Tch HX khi dn xut halogen:

Tch X2 t dn xut ihalogen: (Phn ng trong dung dch ru vi bt km xc tc). ng dng Dng sn xut ru, cc dn xut halogen v cc cht khc. trng hp polime: polietilen, poliprpilen. Etilen cn c dng lm qu mau chn.

BI TP V ANKEN

1.
t NaOOC CH = CH COONa +2 NaOH C H +2 Na CO 2 4 2 3
o

2. 3. 4.

C2 H 4 + Br2 C2 H 4 Br2
C2 H 4 Br2 + Zn C2 H4 + ZnBr2

ddKMnO4 C2 H 4 + [ O ] + H 2O C2 H 4 (OH )2

3C2 H 4 + 2 KMnO4 + 4 H 2O 3C2 H 4 (OH )2 + 2 MnO2 + 2 KOH

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

nCH 2 = CH 2 [ CH 2 CH 2 n ]
o

Cracking C4 H10 C2 H 6 + C2 H 4

Ni ,t C2 H 4 + H 2 C 2 H 6
t C2 H 6 C2 H 4 + H 2
o

H 2 SO4 C2 H 4 + H 2O C 2H 5OH long, t o

H 2 SO4 ( d ) C2 H 5OH C2 H 4 + H 2O 180o C
t C2 H 5Cl + NaOH long C2 H5 OH + NaCl
o

C2 H 5OH + HCl C2 H 5Cl + H 2O

s' C2 H 6 + Cl2 C 2 H 5Cl + HCl

14.
H 2 SO4 ( d ) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH3 CH2 CH =CH2 +H2 O 180o C Ni CH 3 CH 2 CH = CH 2 + H 2 C 4 H 10

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Cracking C4 H10 CH 4 + C3 H 6

1500 C 2CH 4 C2 H 2 + 3H 2 lm lanh nhanh

Pd C2 H 2 + H 2 C2 H 4

C2 H 4 ( OH ) 2 + 2 HBr C 2 H 4 Br2 + 2 H 2O
C2 H 4 Br2 + Zn C2 H 4 + ZnBr2

ddKMnO4 C2 H 4 + [ O] + H 2O C 2H 4( OH) 2

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

dpdd 2CH 3COONa + 2 H 2 O C2 H6 + 2CO2 + 2 NaOH + H2

3C2 H 4 + 2 KMnO4 + 4 H 2O 3C 2H 4 OH) 2 (

t C2 H 6 C2 H 4 + H 2

+2 MnO 2 + KOH 2

C2 H 4 + HCl C 2 H 5Cl

C2 H 5Cl + 2Na + ClC 2H 5 C 4H 10+ 2NaCl

ddKMnO4 C3 H 6 + [ O] + H 2 O C3 H6 ( OH ) 2

Cracking C4 H10 C 3H 6 + CH 4

29.

CH 3 CH = CH 2 + HBr CH3 CH CH3

|

Br
t 30. CH 3 CH CH 3 + NaOH long CH 3 CH CH 3 + NaBr | |
o

Br
31.

OH

nCH 3 CH = CH 2 CH CH 2 | CH 3

32.

CH 3 CH = CH 2 + Br2 CH 3 CH CH2
| |

Br
o

Br

t CH 3 CH CH 2 + 2 NaOH CH3 CH CH + 2 NaBr long 33. | | | |

Br

Br

OH OH