cô đặc 1 nồi liên tục NaOH

N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012
GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

SVTH: Ng Trn Hong Dng (60800371)
MC LC
LI NI U
PHN I. TNG QUAN
I. NHIM V CA N
II. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU
III. KHI QUT V C C
1. nh ngha
2. Cc phng php c c
3. Bn cht ca s c c do nhit
4. ng dng ca s c c
IV. THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT
1. Phn loi v ng dng
2. Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c
V. LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH
PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH
PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH

I. CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG
1. D kin ban u
2. Cn bng vt cht
3. Tn tht nhit
4. Cn bng nng lng
II. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C
A. TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C
1. H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi
2. H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si
3. Nhit ti ring pha tng
4. Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring
5. H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c
6. Din tch b mt truyn nhit
B. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C
1. Tnh kch thc bung bc
2. Tnh kch thc bung t
3. Tnh kch thc cc ng dn
C. TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C
1. Tnh cho bung t
2. Tnh cho bung bc
3. Tnh cho y thit b
4. Tnh cho np thit b
9
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21
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4
4
5
5
5
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Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

5. Tnh mt bch
6. Tnh v ng
7. Khi lng v tai treo
32
34
36
PHN IV. TNH TON THIT B PH

I. THIT B GIA NHIT
II. THIT B NGNG T
1. Chn thit b ngng t
2. Tnh thit b ngng t
III. BN CAO V
IV. BM
1. Bm chn khng
2. Bm a nc vo thit b ngng t
3. Bm a dung dch nhp liu ln bn cao v
4. Bm tho liu
V. CC CHI TIT PH
1. Lp cch nhit
2. Ca sa cha
3. Knh quan st
43
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48
48
48
54
56
56
56
58
60
63
63
63
63
PHN V. TNH TON GI THNH
64
KT LUN
65
TI LIU THAM KHO
66
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

LI NI U
Trong k hoch o to i vi sinh vin nm th t, mn hc n Qu trnh v Thit b l c
hi tt cho vic h thng kin thc v cc qu trnh v thit b ca cng ngh ho hc. Bn cnh
, mn ny cn l dp sinh vin tip cn thc t thng qua vic tnh ton, thit k v la chn
cc chi tit ca mt thit b vi cc s liu c th, thng dng.
C c chn khng mt ni lin tc dung dch NaOH l n c thc hin di s hng dn
trc tip ca ThS. Hong Minh Nam, b mn Qu trnh v Thit b - khoa K thut Ho hc
trng i hc Bch Khoa Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Ngi vit xin chn thnh cm n thy
Hong Minh Nam cng nh cc thy c ca b mn Qu trnh v Thit b v nhng ngi bn
nhit tnh gip trong qu trnh thc hin.
V n Qu trnh v Thit b l ti ln u tin m mt sinh vin m nhn nn thiu st v
hn ch trong qu trnh thc hin l khng trnh khi. Do , ngi vit rt mong nhn c
thm gp , ch dn t thy c gio v bn b cng c v m rng kin thc chuyn mn.
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

PHN I. TNG QUAN V C C
I. NHIM V CA N
- Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH.
Nng sut nhp liu: 1 m3/h
Nng u: 18% khi lng
Nng cui: 30% khi lng
p sut ngng t: Pck = 0,4 at
- Nhit u ca nguyn liu: 30 oC (chn)
II. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU
-
Natri hydroxid NaOH nguyn cht l cht rn mu trng, c dng tinh th, khi lng ring
2,13 g/ml, nng chy 318 oC v si 1388 oC di p sut kh quyn. NaOH tan tt trong
nc (1110 g/l 20 oC) v s ho tan to nhit mnh. NaOH t tan hn trong cc dung mi
hu c nh methanol, ethanol NaOH rn v dung dch NaOH u d hp th CO2 t
khng kh nn chng cn c cha trong cc thng kn.
Dung dch NaOH l mt base mnh, c tnh n da v c kh nng n mn cao. V vy, ta cn
lu n vic n mn thit b v m bo an ton lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut NaOH.
Ngnh cng nghip sn xut NaOH l mt trong nhng ngnh sn xut ho cht c bn v
lu nm. N ng vai tr to ln trong s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip khc nh dt,
tng hp t nhn to, lc ho du, sn xut phn...
Trc y trong cng nghip, NaOH c sn xut bng cch cho Ca(OH)2 tc dng vi
dung dch Na2CO3 long v nng. Ngy nay, ngi ta dng phng php hin i l in
phn dung dch NaCl bo ho. Tuy nhin, dung dch sn phm thu c thng c nng
rt long, gy kh khn trong vic vn chuyn i xa. thun tin cho chuyn ch v s
dng, ngi ta phi c c dung dch NaOH n mt nng nht nh theo yu cu.
III. KHI QUT V C C

1. nh ngha
C c l phng php dng nng cao nng cc cht ho tan trong dung dch gm 2
hai nhiu cu t. Qu trnh c c ca dung dch lng rn hay lng lng c chnh lch
nhit si rt cao thng c tin hnh bng cch tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay
hi hn); l cc qu trnh vt l ho l. Tu theo tnh cht ca cu t kh bay hi (hay
khng bay hi trong qu trnh ), ta c th tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn)
bng phng php nhit (un nng) hoc phng php lm lnh kt tinh.
2. Cc phng php c c
- Phng php nhit (un nng): dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang trng thi hi
di tc dng ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p sut tc dng ln mt
thong cht lng.
4
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Phng php lnh: khi h thp nhit n mt mc no , mt cu t s tch ra di

dng tinh th ca n cht tinh khit; thng l kt tinh dung mi tng nng cht
tan. Tu tnh cht cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mt thong m qu trnh kt
tinh xy ra nhit cao hay thp v i khi ta phi dng my lnh.
3. Bn cht ca s c c do nhit
to thnh hi (trng thi t do), tc chuyn ng v nhit ca cc phn t cht lng gn
mt thong ln hn tc gii hn. Phn t khi bay hi s thu nhit khc phc lc lin
kt trng thi lng v tr lc bn ngoi. Do , ta cn cung cp nhit cc phn t
nng lng thc hin qu trnh ny.
Bn cnh , s bay hi xy ra ch yu l do cc bt kh hnh thnh trong qu trnh cp nhit
v chuyn ng lin tc, do chnh lch khi lng ring cc phn t trn b mt v di
y to nn s tun hon t nhin trong ni c c. Tch khng kh v lng keo (protit) s
ngn chn s to bt khi c c.
4. ng dng ca s c c
Trong sn xut thc phm, ta cn c c cc dung dch ng, m chnh, nc tri cy
Trong sn xut ho cht, ta cn c c cc dung dch NaOH, NaCl, CaCl2, cc mui v c
Hin nay, phn ln cc nh my sn xut ho cht, thc phm u s dng thit b c c
nh mt thit b hu hiu t nng sn phm mong mun. Mc d c c ch l mt
hot ng gin tip nhng n rt cn thit v gn lin vi s tn ti ca nh my. Cng vi
s pht trin ca nh my, vic ci thin hiu qu ca thit b c c l mt tt yu. N i
hi phi c nhng thit b hin i, m bo an ton v hiu sut cao. Do , yu cu c
t ra cho ngi k s l phi c kin thc chc chn hn v a dng hn, ch ng khm
ph cc nguyn l mi ca thit b c c.
IV.
THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT

1. Phn loi v ng dng
1.1.
Theo cu to
- Nhm 1: dung dch i lu t nhin (tun hon t nhin). Thit b c c nhm ny
c th c c dung dch kh long, nht thp, m bo s tun hon d dng qua
b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm:
C bung t trong (ng trc bung bc), ng tun hon trong hoc ngoi.
C bung t ngoi (khng ng trc bung bc)
- Nhm 2: dung dch i lu cng bc (tun hon cng bc). Thit b c c nhm
ny dng bm to vn tc dung dch t 1,5 m/s n 3,5 m/s ti b mt truyn nhit.
u im chnh l tng cng h s truyn nhit k, dng c cho cc dung dch kh
c st, nht cao, gim bm cn, kt tinh trn b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm:
C bung t trong, ng tun hon ngoi.
C bung t ngoi, ng tun hon ngoi.
5
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Nhm 3: dung dch chy thnh mng mng. Thit b c c nhm ny ch cho php
dung dch chy dng mng qua b mt truyn nhit mt ln (xui hay ngc) trnh
s tc dng nhit lu lm bin cht mt s thnh phn ca dung dch. c bit
thch hp cho cc dung dch thc phm nh nc tri cy, hoa qu p. Bao gm:
Mng dung dch chy ngc, c bung t trong hay ngoi: dung dch si to bt
kh v.
Mng dung dch chy xui, c bung t trong hay ngoi: dung dch si t to bt
v bt d v.
1.2.
Theo phng thc thc hin qu trnh
- C c p sut thng (thit b h): nhit si v p sut khng i; thng c
dng trong c c dung dch lin tc gi mc dung dch c nh, nhm t nng
sut cc i v thi gian c c ngn nht.
- C c p sut chn khng: dung dch c nhit si thp p sut chn khng.
Dung dch tun hon tt, t to cn v s bay hi dung mi din ra lin tc.
- C c nhiu ni: mc ch chnh l tit kim hi t. S ni khng nn qu ln v n
lm gim hiu qu tit kim hi. Ngi ta c th c chn khng, c p lc hay phi
hp c hai phng php; c bit c th s dng hi th cho mc ch khc nng
cao hiu qu kinh t.
- C c lin tc: cho kt qu tt hn c c gin on. C th c iu khin t ng
nhng hin cha c cm bin tin cy.
i vi mi nhm thit b, ta u c th thit k bung t trong, bung t ngoi, c
hoc khng c ng tun hon. Tu theo iu kin k thut v tnh cht ca dung dch, ta
c th p dng ch c c p sut chn khng, p sut thng hoc p sut d.
2. Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c
- Thit b chnh:
ng nhp liu, ng tho liu
ng tun hon, ng truyn nhit
Bung t, bung bc, y, np
Cc ng dn: hi t, hi th, nc ngng, kh khng ngng
- Thit b ph:
B cha nguyn liu
B cha sn phm
Bn cao v
Lu lng k
Thit b gia nhit
Thit b ngng t baromet
Bm nguyn liu vo bn cao v
6
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Bm tho liu
Bm nc vo thit b ngng t
Bm chn khng
Cc van
Thit b o nhit , p sut
V. LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH

- Theo tnh cht ca nguyn liu v sn phm, cng nh iu kin k thut ca u , ngi
vit la chn thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c bung t trong v ng tun hon
trung tm. Thit b c c loi ny c cu to n gin, d v sinh v sa cha.
- C c p sut chn khng lm gim nhit si ca dung dch, gim chi ph nng lng,
hn ch vic cht tan b li cun theo v bm li trn thnh thit b (lm h thit b).
- Tuy nhin, loi thit b v phng php ny cho tc tun hon dung dch nh (v ng tun
hon cng c un nng) v h s truyn nhit thp.
PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH
Nguyn liu ban u l dung dch NaOH c nng 18%. Dung dch t b cha nguyn liu
c bm ln bn cao v. T bn cao v, dung dch chy qua lu lng k ri i vo thit b gia
nhit v c un nng n nhit si.
Thit b gia nhit l thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm: thn hnh tr, t ng, bn trong gm
nhiu ng nh c b tr theo nh hnh tam gic u. Cc u ng c gi cht trn v ng v
v ng c hn dnh vo thn. Ngun nhit l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at i bn ngoi ng
(pha v). Dung dch i t di ln bn trong ng. Hi nc bo ho ngng t trn b mt
ngoi ca ng v cp nhit cho dung dch nng nhit ca dung dch ln nhit si. Dung
dch sau khi c gia nhit s chy vo thit b c c thc hin qu trnh bc hi. Hi nc
ngng t thnh nc lng v theo ng dn nc ngng qua by hi chy ra ngoi.
Nguyn l lm vic ca ni c c:
Phn di ca thit b l bung t, gm c cc ng truyn nhit v mt ng tun hon trung
tm. Dung dch i trong ng cn hi t (hi nc bo ho) i trong khong khng gian ngoi
ng. Hi t ngng t bn ngoi ng v truyn nhit cho dung dch ang chuyn ng trong ng.
Dung dch i trong ng theo chiu t trn xung v nhn nhit do hi t ngng t cung cp
si, lm ho hi mt phn dung mi. Hi ngng t theo ng dn nc ngng qua by hi
chy ra ngoi.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca ng tun hon trung tm:
Khi thit b lm vic, dung dch trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh hn hp lng hi c khi
lng ring gim i v b y t di ln trn ming ng. i vi ng tun hon, th tch dung
dch theo mt n v b mt truyn nhit ln hn so vi trong ng truyn nhit nn lng hi to
ra trong ng truyn nhit ln hn. V l do trn, khi lng ring ca hn hp lng hi ng
tun hon ln hn so vi ng truyn nhit v hn hp ny c y xung di. Kt qu l c
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

dng chuyn ng tun hon t nhin trong thit b: t di ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn
xung trong ng tun hon.
Phn pha trn thit b l bung bc tch hn hp lng hi thnh 2 dng. Hi th i ln pha
trn bung bc, n b phn tch git tch nhng git lng ra khi dng. Git lng chy
xung di cn hi th tip tc i ln. Dung dch cn li c hon lu.
Dung dch sau c c c bm ra ngoi theo ng tho sn phm vo b cha sn phm nh
bm ly tm. Hi th v kh khng ngng thot ra t pha trn ca bung bc i vo thit b
ngng t baromet (thit b ngng t kiu trc tip). Cht lm lnh l nc c bm vo ngn
trn cng cn dng hi th c dn vo ngn di cng ca thit b. Dng hi th i ln gp
nc gii nhit ngng t thnh lng v cng chy xung bn cha qua ng baromet. Kh
khng ngng tip tc i ln trn, c dn qua b phn tch git ri c bm chn khng ht
ra ngoi. Khi hi th ngng t thnh lng th th tch ca hi gim lm p sut trong thit b
ngng t gim. V vy, thit b ngng t baromet l thit b n nh chn khng, duy tr p sut
chn khng trong h thng. Thit b lm vic p sut chn khng nn n phi c lp t
cao cn thit nc ngng c th t chy ra ngoi kh quyn m khng cn bm.
Bnh tch git c mt vch ngn vi nhim v tch nhng git lng b li cun theo dng kh
khng ngng a v bn cha nc ngng.
Bm chn khng c nhim v ht kh khng ngng ra ngoi trnh trng hp kh khng
ngng tch t trong thit b ngng t qu nhiu, lm tng p sut trong thit b v nc c th
chy ngc vo ni c c.
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH

I. CN BNG VT CHT V NNG LNG
1. D kin ban u
Nng u: x = 18 %
Nng cui: xc = 30 %
Nng sut nhp liu: V = 1m3/h
Nhit u ca nguyn liu: chn t0 = 30 oC
Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ho, p sut 4 at
p sut ngng t: pck = 0,4 at pc = 1 0,4 = 0,6 at
2. Cn bng vt cht
2.1.
Sut lng tho liu (Gc)
Khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 18 % 30 oC: = 1191,65 kg/m3 (tra bng 4,
trang 11, [8]).
Sut lng nhp liu: G = .V = 1191,65.1 = 1191,65 kg/h
Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]:
G .x = Gc.xc
G .x
1191,65.18
Gc
714,99 kg/h
xc
30
2.2.
Tng lng hi th bc ln (W)
Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]:
G = W + Gc
W = G Gc = 1191,65 714,99 = 476,66 kg/h
(1)
(2)
3. Tn tht nhit
Ta c p sut ti thit b ngng t l pc = 0,6 at nhit ca hi th trong thit b
ngng t l tc = 85,5 oC (trang 314, [1]).
l tn tht nhit ca hi th trn ng ng dn t bung bc n thit b ngng
t. Chn = 1 oC (trang 296, [5]).
Nhit si ca dung mi ti p sut bung bc:
tsdm(po) tc = tsdm(po) = tc + = 85,5 + 1 = 86,5 oC
p sut bung bc: tra [1], trang 312 nhit 86,5 oC po = 0,6275 at
3.1.
Tn tht nhit do nng tng ()
Theo cng thc ca Tisenc (VI.10), trang 59, [2]:
' 'o . f
Trong :
'o - tn tht nhit do nhit si ca dung dch ln hn nhit si ca dung mi
p sut kh quyn.
Dung dch c c c c tun hon nn a = xc = 30 %.
Tra bng VI.2, trang 67, [2]: 'o = 17 oC
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

f h s hiu chnh do khc p sut kh quyn, c tnh theo cng thc VI.11, trang
59, [2]:
(t 273) 2
f 16,14.
r
Trong :
t - nhit si ca dung mi p sut cho (tsdm(po) = 86,5 oC)
r - n nhit ho hi ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut lm vic. Tra bng I.251,
trang 314, [1]: r = 2293,25 kJ/kg.
(86.5 273) 2
f 16,14.
= 0,9096
(3)
2293,25.1000
= 17.0,9096 = 15,4632 oC
(4)
tsdd(po) = tsdm(po) + = 86,5 + 15,4632 = 101,9632 oC
(5)
3.2.
Tn tht nhit do p sut thu tnh ()
Gi chnh lch p sut t b mt dung dch n gia ng l p (N/m2), ta c:
1
p = . s .g.H op ; N/m2
(6)
2
Trong :
s khi lng ring trung bnh ca dung dch khi si bt; kg/m3
s = 0,5.dd
dd khi lng ring thc ca dung dch c khng c bt hi; kg/m3
Chn tsdd(po+ p) = 103 oC, C% = xc = 30 %, ta c dd = 1273,25 kg/m3 (tra bng 4,
trang 11, [8]).
s = 0,5.1273,25 = 636,625 kg/m3
(7)
Hop chiu cao thch hp ca dung dch si tnh theo knh quan st mc cht lng; m
Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014.(dd dm)].ho
Chn chiu cao ng truyn nhit l ho = 1,5 m (bng VI.6, trang 80, [2])
dm khi lng ring ca dung mi ti nhit si ca dung dch 103 oC.
Tra bng I.249, trang 311, [1], dm = 956,18 kg/m3
Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014.(1273,25 956,18)].1,5 = 1,056 m
(8)
1
1,056
p = .636,625.9,81.
= 0,0336 at
(9)
2
9,81.10 4
ptb = po + p = 0,6275 + 0,0336 = 0,6611 at
(10)
Tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1], ptb = 0,6611 at tng ng vi tsdm(ptb) = 87,822 oC
Ta c:
= tsdm(po + p) tsdm(po) (trang 108, [3])
= tsdd(po + p) tsdd(po)
= 87,822 86,5 = 1,322 oC
(11)
o
tsdd(ptb) = tsdd(po) + = 101,9632 + 1,322 = 103,2852 C
(12)
Sai s 0,28% c chp nhn. Vy tsdd(ptb) = 103 oC.
Sn phm c ly ra ti y tsdd(po + 2p) = 101,9632 + 2.1,322 = 104,61 oC
10
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Tng tn tht nhit :

= + +
= 15,4632 + 1,322 + 1 = 17,785 oC
(13)
Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ho, p sut hi t l 4 at, tD = 142,9 oC (bng I.251, trang
315, [1]).
Chnh lch nhit hu ch:
thi = tD (tc + )
thi = 142,9 (85,5 + 17,785) = 39,615 oC
(14)
Thng s
Nng u
Nng cui
Nng sut nhp liu
Nng sut tho liu
K hiu
n v
x
%wt
xc
%wt
G
kg/h
Gc
kg/h
HI TH
Sut lng
W
kg/h
p sut
po
at
o
Nhit
tsdm(po)
C
Enthalpy
iW
kJ/kg
n nhit ngng t
rW
kJ/kg
HI T
p sut
pD
at
o
Nhit
tD
C
n nhit ngng t
rD
kJ/kg
TN THT NHIT
o
Nhit si ca dung dch po
tsdd(po)
C
o
Tn tht nhit do nng
C
p sut trung bnh
ptb
at
o
Nhit si ca dung mi ptb
tsdm(ptb)
C
o
Tn tht nhit do ct thu tnh
C
o
Nhit si ca dung dch ptb
tsdd(ptb)
C
o
Tn tht nhit trn ng ng
C
o
Tng tn tht nhit
C
o
Chnh lch nhit hu ch
thi
C
4. Cn bng nng lng
4.1.
Cn bng nhit lng
Dng nhit vo (W):
Do dung dch u
Do hi t
Do hi ngng trong ng ng dn hi t
11
Gi tr
18
30
1191,65
714,99
476,66
0,6275
86,5
2655,7
2293,25
4
142,9
2141
101,9632
15,4632
0,6611
87,822
1,322
103
1
17,785
39,615
Gct
D i D"
DctD
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Dng nhit ra (W):
Do sn phm mang ra
Do hi th mang ra
Do nc ngng
Nhit c c
Nhit tn tht
Gccctc
W iW"
Dc
Qc
Qtt
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 18 % trc v sau khi i qua thit b gia nhit:
tvo = 30 oC
tra = tsdd(po) = 101,9632 oC

Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 18 % i vo thit b c c l t = 101,9632 oC
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 30 % i ra y thit b c c l:
tc = tsdd(po) + 2 = 101,9632 + 2.1,322 = 104,61 oC
(15)
(cng thc 2.15, trang 107, [3])
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH:
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH cc nng khc nhau c tnh theo cng thc
(I.43) v (I.44), trang 152, [1]:
a = 18 % (a < 0,2):
c = 4186.(1 - a) = 4186.(1 - 0,18) = 3432,52 J/(kg.K)
a = 30 % (a > 0,2):
cc = 4186 - (4186 - cct).a = 4186 (4186 1310,75).0,3 = 3323,425 J/(kg.K)
Vi cct l nhit dung ring ca NaOH khan, c tnh theo cng thc (I.41) v
bng I.141, trang 152, [1]:
c .1 cO .1 c H .1 26000 16800 9630
(16)
cct Na
1310,75 J/(kg.K)
M ct
40
4.2.
Phng trnh cn bng nhit
Gct + D i D" + DctD = Gccctc + W iW" + Dc Qc + Qtt

(+Qc ng vi qu trnh thu nhit, - Qc ng vi qu trnh to nhit)
(17)
C th b qua:
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho ngng t trong ng ng dn hi t vo

bung t: DctD = 0
Nhit c c: Qc = 0
Trong hi nc bo ho, bao gi cng c mt lng nc ngng b cun theo khong
= 0,05 ( m ca hi).
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho cung cp l D(1 - )( i D" - c); W
Nc ngng chy ra c nhit bng nhit ca hi t vo (khng c qu lnh sau
khi ngng) th ( i D" - c) = rD = 2141 kJ/kg (n nhit ngng t ca hi t).
12
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

(17) D(1 - )( i D" - c) + Gct = Gccctc + W iW" + Qtt
(18)
Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD

(18) QD = D(1 - )(1 - )( i D" - c) = G(cctc - ct) + W( iW" - cctc)
(19)
Lng hi t biu kin:
G (cc t c c t ) W (iW" cc t c )
D
(1 )(1 )rD
1191,65
476,66
(3323,425.104,61 3432,52.101,9632)
.(2655700 3323,425.104,61)
3600
3600
(1 0,05)(1 0,05).2141000
= 0,1578 kg/s
(20)
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp:
QD = D(1 - )(1 ).rD = 0,1578.(1 0,05).(1-0,05).2141000 = 304824,9 W
Lng hi t tiu tn ring:
D 0,1578
d
1,1915 kg hi t/ kg hi th
W 476,66
3600
Thng s
Nhit vo bung bc
Nhit ra y bung t
Nhit dung ring dung dch 18%
Nhit dung ring dung dch 30%
Nhit tn tht
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp
Lng hi t biu kin
Lng hi t tiu tn ring
K hiu
t
tc
c
cc
Qtt
QD
D
d
(21)
(22)
n v
o
C
o
C
J/(kg.K)
J/(kg.K)
W
W
kg/s
kg/kg
Gi tr
101,9632
104,61
3432,52
3323,425
15241,24
304824,9
0,1578
1,1915
II. THIT K THIT B CHNH

A. TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C
Gim tc hi t nhm bo v cc ng truyn nhit ti khu vc hi t vo bng cch chia
lm nhiu ming vo. Chn tc hi t nh ( = 10 m/s), nc ngng chy mng (do ng
truyn nhit ngn c h0 = 1,5 m), ngng hi bo ho tinh khit trn b mt ng. Cng thc
(V.101), trang 28, [4] c p dng:
0 , 25
1 2,04. A.
H .t1
Trong :
1 h s cp nhit pha hi ngng; W/(m2.K)
r - n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at (2141 kJ/kg)
H - chiu cao ng truyn nhit (H = h0 = 1,5 m)
13
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm

t t
t m D v1
2
Sau nhiu ln tnh lp, ta chn nhit vch ngoi tv1 = 139,8 oC.
142,9 139,8
tm
141,35 o C
2
Tra A [2], trang 28:
tm;
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
o
C
A
104
120
139
155
169
179
188
194
197
199
200
199
A = 194,405
t1 = tD tv1 = 142,9 139,8 = 3,1 oC
0, 25
2141000
1 = 2,04.194,405.
= 10330,67 W/(m2.K)
1,5.3,1
Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng:
q1 = 1.t1 = 10330,67.3,1 = 32025,08 W/m2
(23)
(24)

p dng cng thc (VI.27), trang 71, [2]:
0, 435
0, 565
2 c
dd
2 n .
. dd . dd . dm
; W/(m2.K)
dm cdm dd
dm
Trong :
n - h s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch. Do nc si si bt
nn n c tnh theo cng thc (V.91), trang 26, [2]:
n = 0,145.p0,5.t2,33
vi p = po = 0,6275 at = 61536,73 N/m2
Sau khi tnh lp, tv2 = 112,4337 oC
t = t2 = tv2 tsdd(ptb) = 112,4337 - 103 = 9,4337 oC
n = 0,145.61536,730,5.9,43372,33 = 6713,44 W/(m2.K)
cdd = 3323,425 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca dung dch tsdd(ptb)
cdm = 4239,688 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca nc tsdm(ptb)
dd = 0,001769 Pa.s - nht ca dung dch tsdd(ptb)
dm = 0,000322 Pa.s - nht ca nc tsdm(ptb)
dd = 1273,25 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca dung dch tsdd(ptb)
dm = 966,78 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca nc tsdm(ptb)
dd = 0,59 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca dung dch tsdd(ptb)
dm = 0,679 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca nc tsdm(ptb)
GHI CH:
cdm, dm, dm, dm: tra bng I.249, trang 311, [1]
dd : tra bng 9, trang 16, [8]
14
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

dd : tra bng 4, trang 11, [8]

dd c tnh theo cng thc (I.32), trang 123, [1]:
dd A.cddi. ddi.3
ddi
M
A h s ph thuc vo mc lin kt ca cht lng. i vi cht lng lin kt,
A = 3,58.10-8
M khi lng mol ca hn hp lng, y l hn hp NaOH v H2O.
M = a.MNaOH + (1 a).MH2O = a.40 + (1 a).18; kg/kmol
a phn mol ca NaOH.
Xem nng NaOH trong dung dch l 30% (xc)
xc
0,3
M NaOH
40
a
0,161677
xc
1 xc
0,3 1 0,3
40
18
M NaOH M H 2O
M = 0,161677.40 + (1 0,161677).18 = 21,55689 kg/kmol

1273,25
dd 3,58.10 8.3323,425.1273,25.3
0,59 W/(m.K)
21,55689
0,59
2 = 6713,44.
0,679
0 , 565
1273,25 2 3323,425 0,000322

966,78 4239,688 0,001769
(25)
0 , 435
= 3377,42 W/(m2.K)
(26)

Cng thc tnh:
t
q v v ; W/m2
rv
Trong :
rv tng tr vch; m2.K/W
rv r1
0,002
r2 0,3448.10 3
0,387.10 3 0,8545.10 3 m2.K/W
16,3
(27)
Vi:
1
= 0.3448.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha hi nc do vch ngoi ca ng
2900
c mng mng nc ngng (bng 31, trang 29, [8]).
r2 = 0,387.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha dung dch do vch trong ca ng c lp
cn bn dy 0,5 mm (bng V.1, trang 4, [2]).
= 2 mm = 0,002 m b dy ng truyn nhit
= 16,3 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca ng (tra bng XII.7, trang 313, [2] vi
ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T)
tv = tv1 - tv2 ; K chnh lch nhit gia 2 vch tng
r1 =
Vi qu trnh c c chn khng lin tc, s truyn nhit n nh nn qv = q1 = q2.

tv = qv.rv = 32025,08.0,8545.10-3 = 27,3663 oC
15
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Nhit ti ring pha dung dch:

q2 = 2.t2 = 3377,42.9,4337 = 31861,55 W/m2
(28)
4. Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring

Dng phng php s, ta ln lt tnh lp qua cc bc sau:
Chn nhit tng pha hi ngng tv1, t tnh tm theo (18) v t1 = tD tv1.
Tnh h s cp nhit pha hi ngng 1 theo (17), t tnh q1.
t qv = q1, t tnh tv theo (25).
Tnh tv2 = tv1 tv, t tnh t2 = tv2 tsdd(ptb) v h s cp nhit pha dung dch si 2
theo (21).
Tnh q2.
Tnh sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1. Vng lp kt thc khi sai s ny nh hn 5 %.
Sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1:
q q
31861,55 32025,08
q 2 1 .100%
.100% 0,5132%
q1
32025,08
q 5% nn sai s c chp nhn (cc thng s c chn ph hp).

Nhit ti ring trung bnh:
q q 2 32025,08 31861,55
qtb 1
31943,32 W/m2
2
2
5. H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c
K c tnh thng qua cc h s cp nhit:
1
1
K
801,66 W/(m2.K)
1
1
1
1
rv
0,8545.10 3
1
2 10330,67
3377,42
(29)

QD
304824,9
F
9,5985 m2
K .t hi 801,66.39,615
Chn: F = 9,5985 m2.
(30)
Thng s
Nhit tng pha hi ngng
Nhit tng pha dung dch si
H s cp nhit pha hi ngng
H s cp nhit pha dung dch si
B dy ng truyn nhit
H s dn nhit ca vt liu lm ng
Nhit tr pha hi nc
Nhit tr pha dung dch
H s truyn nhit tng qut
Nhit ti ring trung bnh
Din tch b mt truyn nhit
K hiu
tv1
tv2
1
2
r1
r2
K
qtb
F
16
n v
o
C
o
C
W/(m2.K)
W/(m2.K)
m
W/(m.K)
m2.K/W
m2.K/W
W/(m2.K)
W/m2
m2
Gi tr
139,8
112,4337
10330,67
3377,42
0,002
16,3
0.3448.10-3
0.387.10-3
801,66
31943,32
9,5985
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

B. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C

1. Tnh kch thc bung bc
1.1.
ng knh bung bc (Db)
Lu lng hi th trong bung bc:
W
476,66
Vh
0,3537 m3/s
h 3600.0,3743
Trong :
W sut lng hi th; kg/h
h = 0,3743 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc po = 0,6275 at
(tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1])
Tc hi th trong bung bc:

Vh
4.0,3537 0,4504
; m/s
wh
2
.Db
.Db2
Db2
4
Trong :
Db ng knh bung bc; m
(31)
Tc lng:
c tnh theo cng thc (5.14), trang 276, [5]:
4.g.( ' " ).d
4.9,81.(967,61 0,3743).0,0003 1,1399
w0
; m/s
(32)
3. ."
3.7,804.Db1, 2 .0,3743
Db0,6
Trong :
' = 967,61 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca git lng tsdm(po) (tra bng I.249, trang
311, [1])
h = 0,3743 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc po = 0,6275 at
d ng knh git lng; m. Chn d = 0,0003 m (trang 292, [5]).
h s tr lc, tnh theo Re:
w .d . " 0,4504.0,0003.0,3743 4,2146
Re h
(33)
h
Db2 .0,000012
Db2
Vi:
h = 0,012.10-3 Pa.s nht ng lc hc ca hi th p sut 0,6275 at (tra
hnh VI, trang 57, [8]).
18,5
Nu 0,2 < Re < 500 th
(34)
Re 0, 6
(33), (34) 7,804.Db1, 2
(35)
p dng iu kin wh < (0,7 0,8)wo theo [5]:
Chn wh < 0,7wo
0,4504
1,1399
0,7. 0,6
2
Db
Db
Db > 0,6647 m
chn Db = 0,8 m = 800 mm theo tiu chun trang 293, [5].
17
(36)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Kim tra li Re:

4,2146
Re
6,585 (tho 0,2 < Re < 500)
0,8 2
Nh vy, ng knh bung bc l Db = 800 mm.
1.2.
Chiu cao bung bc (Hb)
p dng cng thc VI.33, trang 72, [2]:
Utt = f.Utt(1 at); m3/(m3.h)
Trong :
f h s hiu chnh do khc bit p sut kh quyn
Utt(1 at) cng bc hi th tch cho php khi p = 1 at
Chn Utt(1 at) = 1650 m3/(m3.h), f = 1,1 (tra hnh VI.3, trang 72, [2]).
Utt = 1,1.1650 = 1815 m3/(m3.h)
(37)
Th tch bung bc:

W
714,66
(38)
Vb
0,702 m3
h .U tt 0,3743.1815
Vb
4.0,702
Chiu cao bung bc: H b
(39)
1,396 m
2
.Db
.0,8 2
4
Nhm mc ch an ton, ta chn Hb = 2 m (theo iu kin cho qu trnh si si bt).
2. Tnh kch thc bung t
2.1.
S ng truyn nhit
S ng truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc (III-49), trang 134, [4]:
F
n
.d .l
Trong :
F = 9,5985 m2 din tch b mt truyn nhit
l = 1,5 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit
d ng knh ca ng truyn nhit
V 1 > 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm.
S ng truyn nhit l:
9,5985
(40)
n
81,47
.1,5.0,025
Theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2], chn s ng n = 91 v b tr ng theo hnh lc gic u.
2.2.
ng knh ng tun hon trung tm (Dth)
p dng cng thc (III.26), trang 121, [6]:
4. f t
Dth
;m
Chn ft = 0,3FD
(41)
18
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Vi FD
.d n2 .n
4
.d n2 .n
.0,029 2.91
f t 0,3.
0,3.
0,018 m2
4
4
4.0,018
Dth
0,1515 m
(42)
(43)
chn Dth = 0,273 m = 273 mm theo tiu chun trang 290, [5].
D
273
Kim tra: th
10,92 10 (tho)
dt
25
2.3.
ng knh bung t (Dt)
i vi thit b c c c ng tun hon trung tm v ng t c b tr theo hnh lc
gic u, ng knh trong ca bung t c tnh theo cng thc (III-52), trang 135,
[4]:
0,4. 2 .d n . sin .F
(44)
( Dth 2. .d n ) 2 ; m
.l
Trong :
t

- h s, thng c gi tr t 1,3 n 1,5. Chn = 1,4.
dn
t bc ng; m
dn = 0,029 m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
h s s dng v ng, thng c gi tr t 0,7 n 0,9. Chn = 0,8.
l = 1,5 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit
Dnth = 0,273 + 2.0,002 = 0,277 m ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm
= 60o gc nh ca tam gic u
Dt
(44) Dt
0,4.1,4 2.0,029. sin 60 o.9,5985

(0,277 2.1,4.0,029) 2 = 0,5346 m
0,8.1,5
(45)
chn Dt = 600 mm = 0,6 m theo tiu chun trang 291, [5].

2.4.
Kim tra din tch truyn nhit
Phn b 91 ng truyn nhit c b tr theo hnh lc gic u nh sau:
S hnh lc gic
5
S ng trn ng xuyn tm
11
Tng s ng khng k cc ng trong hnh vin phn
91
S ng trong cc hnh vin phn
Dy 1
0
Dy 2
0
Tng s ng trong tt c cc hnh vin phn
0
Tng s ng ca thit b
91
19
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Ta cn thay th nhng ng truyn nhit gia hnh lc gic u bng ng tun hon
trung tm. iu kin thay th c suy ra t cng thc (V.140), trang 49, [2]:
Dth t.(b-1) + 4.dn; m
Trong :
t - bc ng; m. Chn t = 1,4dn
D 4.d n
273 4.29
b th
1
1 4,87
t
1,4.29
chn b = 5 ng theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2]. Nh vy, vng ng truyn nhit cn
c thay th c 5 ng trn ng xuyn tm.
3
3
S ng truyn nhit c thay th l n .(b 2 1) 1 .(5 2 1) 1 19 ng.
4
4
S ng truyn nhit cn li l n = 91 19 = 72 ng.
(46)
Din tch b mt truyn nhit lc ny l:
F = (n.dt + Dth)..H = (72.0,025 + 0,273)..1,5 = 9,7688 m2 > 9,5985 m2 (tho)
3. Tnh kch thc cc ng dn
ng knh ca cc ng c tnh mt cch tng qut theo cng thc (VI.41), trang 74, [2]:
4.G
d
.v.
Trong :
G lu lng khi lng ca lu cht; kg/s
v tc ca lu cht; m/s
khi lng ring ca lu cht; kg/m3
3.1.
ng nhp liu
G = 1191,65 kg/h
Nhp liu cht lng t nht (dung dch NaOH 18% 101,9632 oC). Chn v = 1,5 m/s
(trang 74, [2]).
= 1147,554 kg/m3
4.G
4.1191,65
d
(47)
0,0157 m
.v.
3600. .1,5.1147,554
Chn dt = 20 mm; dn = 25 mm.
3.2.
ng tho liu
Gc = 714,99 kg/h
Tho liu cht lng t nht (dung dch NaOH 30% 104,61 oC). Chn v = 1 m/s (trang
74, [2]).
= 1272,158 kg/m3
4.G
4.714,99
0,0141 m
d
(48)
.v.
3600. .1.1272,158
20
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

3.3.
ng dn hi t
D = 0,1578 kg/s
Dn hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at. Chn v = 20 m/s (trang 74, [2]).
= 0,4718 kg/m3 (tra bng I.251, trang 315, [1]).
4.G
4.0,1578
d
0,1459 m
.v.
.20.0,4718
Chn dt = 150 mm; dn = 159 mm.
3.4.
ng dn hi th
W = 476,66 kg/h
Dn hi nc bo ho p sut 0,6275 at. Chn v = 20 m/s (trang 74, [2]).
4.G
4.476,66
d
0,15 m
.v.
3600. .20.0,3743
Chn dt = 150 mm; dn = 159 mm.
(49)
(50)
ng dn nc ngng
1
Chn Gn .D
3
Dn nc lng cn bng vi hi nc bo ho 4 at. Chn v = 0,75 m/s (trang 74, [2]).
4.G
4.0,1578
d
(51)
0,0098 m
.v.
3. .0,75.923,461
3.5.

3.6.
ng dn kh khng ngng
C. TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C
1. Tnh cho bung t
1.1.
S lc v cu to
Bung t c ng knh trong Dt = 600 mm, chiu cao Ht = 1500 mm.
Thn c 3 l, ng vi 3 ng: dn hi t, x nc ngng, x kh khng ngng.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit.
1.2.
Tnh ton
B dy ti thiu S:
Hi t l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at nn bung t chu p sut trong l:
pm = pD pa = 4 1 = 3 at = 0,2943 N/mm2
(52)
p sut tnh ton l:
Pt = pm + gH = 0,2943 + 1273,25.9,81.10-6.1,5 = 0,313 N/mm2
(53)
21
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Nhit ca hi t vo l tD = 142,9 oC, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung t l:

ttt = tD + 20 = 142,9 + 20 = 162,9 oC
(54)
(trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit)
Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l:
[]* = 115 N/mm2
Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]).
ng sut cho php ca vt liu l:
[] = .[]* = 0,95.115 = 109,25 N/mm2
(55)
5
Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt l E = 2,05.10 N/mm2.
Xt:
[ ]. 109,25.0,95
331,66 25
Pt
0,313
Theo cng thc 5-3, trang 96, [7]:
Dt .Pt
600.0,313
S'
0,9045 mm
2.[ ]. 2.109,25.0,95
Trong :
= 0,95 h s bn mi hn (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha)
Dt = 600 mm ng knh trong ca bung t
Pt = 0,313 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung t
(56)
B dy thc S:
Dt = 600 mm Smin = 3 mm > 0,9045 mm chn S = Smin = 3 mm (theo bng 5.1,
trang 94, [7]).
Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1 mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm).
Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0.
Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 = 0,22 mm (theo bng XIII.9, trang
364, [2]).
H s b sung b dy l:
C = Ca + Cb + Cc + C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,22 = 1,22 mm
B dy thc l:
S = S + C = 3 + 1,22 = 4,22 mm
(57)
Chn S = 5 mm.
Kim tra b dy bung t:
p dng cng thc 5-10, trang 97, [7]:
S Ca 5 1
0,00667 0,1 (tho)

(58)
Dt
600
p sut tnh ton cho php trong bung t:
2.[ ]..( S C a ) 2.109,25.0,95.(5 1)
[ P]
1,3747 N/mm2 > Pt = 0,313 N/mm2

Dt ( S C a )
600 (5 1)
(59)
Vy b dy bung t l 5 mm.
22
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

ng knh ngoi ca bung t:
Dn = Dt + 2S = 600 + 2.5 = 610 mm
Tnh bn cho cc l:
ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]):
d max 3 Dt .(S Ca ).(1 k ) ; mm
Trong :
S = 5 mm b dy ca bung t
k h s bn ca l
Pt .Dt
0,313.600
k
0,187
(2,3.[ ] Pt )(S C a ) (2,3.109,25 0,313)(5 1)
d max 3 600.109,25.(5 1).(1 0,187) 46,23 mm
(60)
So snh:
ng dn hi t Dt = 150 mm > dmax
ng x nc ngng Dt = 20 mm < dmax
ng x kh khng ngng Dt = 20 mm < dmax
Cn tng cng cho l ca hi t vo, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu tng cng
bng b dy thn (5 mm).
2. Tnh cho bung bc
2.1.
S lc v cu to
Bung bc c ng knh trong l Dt = 800 mm, chiu cao Ht = 2000 mm.
Thn c 5 l, gm: ng nhp liu, ng thng p, ca sa cha v 2 knh quan st.
Pha di bung bc l phn hnh nn ct c g lin kt vi bung t.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit.
2.2.
Tnh ton
B dy ti thiu S:
Bung bc lm vic iu kin chn khng nn chu p lc t bn ngoi. V p sut
tuyt i thp nht bn trong l 0,6275 at nn bung bc chu p sut ngoi l:
Pn = pm = 2pa p0 = 2.1 0,6275 = 1,3725 at = 0,1346 N/mm2
(61)
Nhit ca hi th ra l tsdm(po) = 86,5 oC, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung bc l:
ttt = 86,5 + 20 = 106,5 oC
(62)
(trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit)
Chn h s bn mi hn h = 0,95 (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha)
Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l:
[]* = 122 N/mm2
Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]).
ng sut cho php ca vt liu l:
[] = .[]* = 0,95.122 = 115,9 N/mm2
(63)
Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt l E = 2,05.105 N/mm2.
Chn h s an ton khi chy l nc = 1,65 (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]).
ng sut chy ca vt liu l ct = []*.nc = 122.1,65 = 201,3 N/mm2
(64)
3
Khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 30 % tsdd(ptb) l dd = 1273,25 kg/m
23
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

p dng cng thc 5-14, trang 98, [7]:
0, 4
0, 4
0,1346 2000
P L
(65)
S ' 1,18.D. n . 1,18.800.
.
4,582 mm
5
E D
2,05.10 800
Trong :
Dt = 800 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc
Pn = 0,1346 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung bc
L = 2000 mm chiu di tnh ton ca thn, l khong cch gia hai mt bch
B dy thc S:
Dt = 800 mm Smin = 3 mm < 4,582 mm chn S = 4,582 mm (theo bng 5.1,
trang 94, [7]).
Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1 mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm).
Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0.
Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 = 0,5 mm (theo bng XIII.9, trang
364, [2]).
H s b sung b dy l:
C = Ca + Cb + Cc + C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,5 = 1,5 mm
B dy thc l:
S = S + C = 4,582 + 1,5 = 6,082 mm
(66)
Chn S = 7 mm.
Kim tra b dy bung bc:
L 2000
2,5
Dt
800
Kim tra cng thc 5-15, trang 99, [7]:
2.( S C a )
Dt
L
1,5.
Dt
Dt
2.( S C a )
2.(7 1)
800
2,5
800
2.(7 1)
0,184 2,5 8,165 (tho)
1,5.
(67)
E t 2.( S C a )
L
0,3. tt .
Dt
Dt
c
2,05.10 5 2.(7 1)
2,5 0,3.
.
201,3
800
2,5 0,5613 (tho)
(68)
24
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi:

So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn] theo 5-19, trang 99, [7]:
D
[ Pn ] 0,649.E . t
L
t
S Ca
.
Dt
S Ca
.
Pn
D
t
800 7 1 7 1
N/mm2 0,1346 N/mm2
0,649.2,05.10 .
.
.
2000 800
800
0,2593 N/mm2 0,1346 N/mm2 (tho)
2
(69)
Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc:

Xt: L = 2000 mm 5D = 5.800 = 4000 mm
Lc nn chiu trc ln bung bc:
D2
800 2.72 .0,1346 70044,13 N
Pnct . n .Pn .
4
4
(70)
Theo iu kin 5-33, trang 103, [7]:

D
800
25
66,67 250
2.( S C a ) 2.(7 1)
D
Tra qc f
[7], trang 103:
2
.(
S
C
)
a
D
50
100
150
200
2.( S C a )
qc
0,050 0,098 0,14
0,15
qc = 0,066
K c 875.
ct
E
.qc 875.
250
500
1000
2000
2500
0,14
0,118
0,08
0,06
0,055
201,3
.0,066 0,0567
2,05.10 5
(71)
iu kin tho mn n nh ca thn (5-32, trang 103, [7]):

Pnct
S Ca
.K c .E t
70044,13
.0,0567.2,05.10 5
6 1,385 (tho)
7 1
(72)
ng sut nn c tnh theo cng thc 5-48, trang 107, [7]:

Pnct
70044,13
n
4,6047 N/mm2
.( Dt S )(S C a ) .(800 7).(7 1)
25
(73)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

ng sut nn cho php c tnh theo cng thc 5-31, trang 103, [7]:
n K c .E t . S Ca 0,0567.2,05.105. 7 1 87,188 N/mm2
Dt
800
(74)
Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ng thi ca p sut ngoi v lc nn

chiu trc:
Kim tra iu kin 5-47, trang 107, [7]:
n
P
n 1
n Pn
4,6047 0,1346
(75)
0,572 1 (tho)
87,188 0,2593
Vy b dy bung bc l 7 mm.
ng knh ngoi ca bung bc:
Dn = Dt + 2S = 800 + 2.7 = 814 mm
Tnh bn cho cc l:
ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]):
d max 3 Dt .(S Ca ).(1 k ) ; mm
Trong :
Dt = 800 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc
S = 7 mm b dy ca bung t
k h s bn ca l
Pn .Dt
0,1346.800
k
0,0674
(2,3.[ ] Pn )(S C a ) (2,3.115,9 0,1346)(7 1)
d max 3 800.115,9.(7 1).(1 0,0674) 60,98 mm
(76)
So snh:
ng nhp liu Dt = 20 mm < dmax
Ca sa cha Dt = 500 mm > dmax
Knh quan st Dt = 200 mm > dmax
Cn tng cng cho ca sa cha v knh quan st, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu
tng cng l 15 mm.
3. Tnh cho y thit b
3.1.
S lc v cu to
- Chn y nn tiu chun Dt = 600 mm.
- y nn c phn g cao 40 mm v gc y l 2 = 60o.
Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]:
Chiu cao ca y nn (khng k phn g) l H = 544 mm
Th tch ca y nn l V = 0,071 m3
- y nn c khoan 1 l tho liu v 1 l gn vi th sn phm.
- Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T.
26
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

3.2.
Tnh ton
Chiu cao phn hnh nn ct ni bung bc v bung t Hc:
- Chiu cao ny bng chiu cao ca phn dung dch trong bung bc.
- Tng th tch ca ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm:
(n'.d t2 Dth2 )
(72.0,025 2 0,2732 )
V1 .
.l .
.1,5 0,1408 m3
4
4
- Th tch ca phn y nn:
V2 = V = 0,071 m3
(77)
Vi ng knh trong ca ng nhp liu l 20 mm, tc nhp liu c tnh li:

1191,65
G
3600
v nl
0,9182 m/s
d nl2
0,02 2
.1147,554
. . .
4
4
Tc dung dch i trong ng tun hon trung tm:

v .d 2 0,9182.0,02 2
v' nl 2 nl
0,00493 m/s
Dth
0,273 2
Thi gian lu ca dung dch trong thit b:

V
0,071
l
1,5
2
D
0,273 2
. th
.
l l'
4
4
550,534 s
v'
v'
0,00493
Trong :
vnl tc ca dung dch trong ng nhp liu; m/s
dnl ng knh trong ca ng nhp liu; m
Dth - ng knh trong ca ng tun hon; m
l chiu di ca ng truyn nhit; m
l chiu di hnh hc ca y; m
Th tch dung dch i vo trong thit b:

G
G
1191,65.2
V Vs . . .
.550,534 0,3176 m3
dd
s
3600.1147,554
2
Trong :
dd
- khi lng ring ca dung dch si bt trong thit b; kg/m3
2
Tng th tch ca phn hnh nn ct v phn g ni vi bung t:
V3 = V V1 V2 = 0,3176 0,1408 0,071 = 0,1058 m3
27
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Chn chiu cao ca phn g ni vi bung t l Hgc = 40 mm.

Th tch ca phn g ni vi bung t:
D2
0,6 2
Vgc .
.hgc .
.0,04 0,0113 m3
4
4
Th tch ca phn hnh nn ct:
Vc V3 Vgc 0,1058 0,0113 0,0945 m3
Chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct:
V3
12.0,0945
Hc
0,244 m
2
2
2
Db Db .D Dd
. 0,8 0,8.0,6 0,6 2
.
12
Chn Hc = 245 mm.
(78)
B dy thc S:
- Chiu cao ca ct cht lng trong thit b:
H = Hc + Hgc + Hb + H = 245 + 40 + 1500 + (40 + 544) = 2369 mm = 2,369 m
Trong :
Hc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn hnh nn ct; m
Hgc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn g ni vi bung t; m
Hb chiu cao ca cht lng trong bung t; m
H chiu cao ca cht lng trong y nn; m
-
p sut thu tnh do ct cht lng gy ra trong thit b:

ptt = dd.g.H = 1273,25.9,81.2,369.10-6 = 0,0296 N/mm2
(79)
y c p sut tuyt i bn trong l p0 = 0,6275 at nn chu p sut ngoi l 1,3725

at = 0,1346 N/mm2 (61). Ngoi ra, y cn chu p sut thu tnh do ct cht lng gy
ra trong thit b. Nh vy, p sut tnh ton l:
Pn = pm + ptt = 0,1346 + 0,0296 = 0,1642 N/mm2
(80)
Cc thng s lm vic:
Dt = 600 mm
p0 = 0,6275 at = 0,06154 N/mm2
tm = tsdd(po + 2p) = 104,61 oC
Cc thng s tnh ton:

l chiu cao tnh ton ca y; m
l = H = 544 mm
D ng knh tnh ton ca y; m (cng thc 6-29, trang 133, [7])
0,9.Dt 0,1.d t 0,9.600 0,1.20
D'
625,848 mm
cos
cos 30 o
Trong :
dt = 20 mm ng knh trong b ca y nn (ng knh ca ng tho liu)
Pn = 0,1642 N/mm2
tt = 104,61 + 20 = 124,61 oC (y c bc lp cch nhit)
28
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Cc thng s cn tra v chn:

[]* = 120 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt (hnh 1-2, trang
16, [7])
= 0,95 h s hiu chnh (y c bc lp cch nhit)
[] = .[]* = 0,95.120 = 114 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php ca vt liu
Et = 2,05.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu tt (bng 2-12, trang 34, [7])
nc = 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7])
ct = nc.[]* = 1,65.120 = 198 N/mm2 gii hn chy ca vt liu tt (cng thc
1-3, trang 13, [7])
Chn b dy tnh ton y S = 5 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung t.
Kim tra b dy y:
l'
544
0,869
D' 625,848
2.( S C a )
l'
D'
1,5.
D'
D'
2.( S C a )
2.(5 1)
625,848
0,869
625,848
2.(5 1)
0,17 0,869 8,844 (tho)
1,5.
(81)
E t 2.( S C a )
l'
0,3. tt .
D'
D'
c
2,05.10 5 2.(5 1)
0,869 0,3.
.
198
625,848
0,869 0,449 (tho)
(82)
Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi:

So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn] theo 5-19, trang 99, [7]:
D' S C a S C a
[ Pn ] 0,649.E . .
Pn
.
l ' D'
D'
2
625,848 5 1
5 1
0,649.2,05.10 .
.
N/mm2 0,1642 N/mm2
.
544 625,848 625,848
2
0,5 N/mm 0,1642 N/mm2 (tho)
5
29
(83)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc:

- Lc tnh ton P nn y:
P
.Dn2 .Pn
.600 2.5 .0,1642 47982,94 N

2
4
4
Trong :
Dn ng knh ngoi; mm
Pn p sut tc dng ln y thit b; N/mm2
(84)
Lc nn chiu trc cho php:

[P] = .Kc.Et.(S-Ca)2.cos2
Trong :
Kc h s ph thuc vo t s
Dt
, tnh theo cc cng thc trang 103, [7].
2.( S C a )
Dt
600
75 250
2.( S C a ) 2.(5 1)
qc = 0,074
ct
198
K c 875. t .qc 875.
.0,074 0,06254
E
2,05.10 5
[P] = .0,06254.2,05.105.(5-1)2.cos230o = 483321,5 N > 47982,94 N (tho) (85)
25
iu kin n nh ca y:
P
P
n 1
P Pn
47982,94 0,1642
0,428 1 (tho)
483321,5
0,5
Vy b dy ca y nn l 5 mm.
(86)
Tnh bn cho cc l:
V y ch c l tho liu nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php khng cn tng
cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:
S C a
d max 2
0,8 D' ( S C a ) C a
S '
5 1
d max 2
0,8 625,848.(5 1) 1 51,37 mm
(87)
Trong :
S b dy y thit b; mm
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung t)
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
D ng knh tnh ton ca y; mm
30
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

So snh:
ng tho liu Dt = 20 mm < dmax
Khng cn tng cng cho l.
4. Tnh cho np thit b

4.1.
S lc v cu to
- Chn np ellipse tiu chun Dt = 800 mm.
D
800
ht t
200 mm v Rt = Dt = 800 mm
4
4
- Np c g v chiu cao g l hg = 25 mm.
- Np c 1 l thot hi th.
4.2.
Tnh ton
B dy thc S:
- Np c p sut tuyt i bn trong ging nh bung bc l po = 0,6275 at nn chu p
sut ngoi l Pn = 1,3725 at = 0,1346 N/mm2 (51).
- Nhit tnh ton ca np ging nh bung bc l tt = 86,5 + 20 = 106,5 oC (np c
bc lp cch nhit).
- Chn b dy tnh ton np S = 7 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung bc.
Kim tra b dy np:
- Xt cc t s:
ht
0,25
Dt
Rt 800
114,2857
S
7
0,15.E t 0,15.2,05.10 5
218,2244
0,7.201,3
x. ct
Rt 0,15.E t
h
v 0,2 t 0,3
(88)
t
S
Dt
x. c
2. n .( S C a )
Pn
(cng thc 6-12, trang 127, [7])
.Rt
Trong :
Et = 2,05.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu tt (bng 2-12, trang 34, [7])
ct = nc.[]* = 1,65.122 = 201,3 N/mm2 gii hn chy ca vt liu tt (cng
thc 1-3, trang 13, [7])
Vi:
[]* = 122 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt (hnh 1-2, trang
16, [7])
nc = 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7])
x = 0,7 vi thp khng g
31
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

E t ( S C a ) 5.x.Rt . ct
t
E ( S C a ) 6,7.x.Rt .(1 x). ct
2,05.10 5.(7 1) 5.0,7.800.201,3

1,7875
2,05.10 5.(7 1) 6,7.0,7.800.(1 0,7).201,3
[n] = 87,188 N/mm2 - ng sut nn cho php ca vt liu lm np (74)
2.87,188.(7 1)
Pn
0,7316 N/mm2 > 0,1346 N/mm2 (tho)
1,7875.800
Vy b dy ca np ellipse l 7 mm.
(89)
(90)
Tnh bn cho cc l:
V np ch c l tho liu nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php khng cn tng
cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:
S C a
d max 2
0,8 Dt ( S C a ) C a
S '
7 1
d max 2
0,8 800.(7 1) 1 68,59 mm
(91)
4,582
Trong :
S b dy y thit b; mm
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca bung bc)
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
Dt ng knh trong ca np; mm
So snh:
ng dn hi th Dt = 150 mm > dmax
Cn tng cng cho l ca ng dn hi th, dng bc tng cng vi b dy khu tng
cng bng b dy np (7 mm).
5. Tnh mt bch
5.1.
S lc v cu to
- Bu lng v bch c lm t bng thp CT3.
- Mt bch y c dng ni np ca thit b vi bung bc, bung bc vi
bung t v bung t vi y ca thit b. Chn bch lin bng thp, kiu 1 (bng
XIII.27, trang 417, [2]).
32
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Cc thng s c bn ca mt bch:
Dt ng knh gi; mm
D ng knh ngoi ca mt bch; mm
Db ng knh vng bu lng; mm
D1 ng knh n vnh ngoi m; mm
D0 ng knh n vnh trong m; mm
db ng knh bu lng; mm
Z s lng bu lng; ci
h chiu dy mt bch; mm
5.2.
Chn mt bch
Mt bch ni bung bc v bung t:
- Bung t v bung bc c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt = 600 mm.
- p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,313 N/mm2.
p sut tnh ton ca bung bc l 0,1346 N/mm2.
Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py = 0,6 N/mm2 bch kn thn.
- Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 419, [2]:
Py
Dt
N/mm2
mm
0,6
600
D
740
BUNG BC BUNG T
Kch thc ni
Bu lng
Db
D1
D0
db
Z
mm
mm
ci
690
650
611
M20
20
Kiu bch
1
h
m
mm
mm
20
Mt bch ni bung t v y:
- Bung t v y c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt = 600 mm.
- p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,313 N/mm2.
p sut tnh ton ca y l 0,15795 N/mm2.
BUNG T - Y
Kch thc ni
Py
Dt
N/mm2
mm
0,6
600
Db
740
690
D1
D0
650
611
mm
33
Bu lng
db
Z
mm
ci
M20
20
Kiu bch
1
h
m
mm
mm
20
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Mt bch ni np v bung bc:

- Bung bc v np c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung bc Dt = 800 mm.
- p sut tnh ton ca bung bc v np cng l 0,1346 N/mm2.
NP BUNG BC
Kch thc ni
Py
Dt
N/mm2
mm
0,3
800
Db
D1
D0
850
811
mm
930
880
Bu lng
db
Z
mm
ci
M20
24
Kiu bch
1
h
m
mm
mm
22
6. Tnh v ng
6.1.
S lc v cu to
- Chn v ng loi phng trn, lp cng vi thn thit b. V ng phi gi cht cc ng
truyn nhit v bn di tc dng ca ng sut.
- Dng ca v ng c gi nguyn trc v sau khi nong.
- Nhit tnh ton ca v ng l tt = tD = 142,9 oC
(92)
*
2
- ng sut un cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt l u = 118 N/mm (hnh 1-2,
trang 16, [7]). Chn h s hiu chnh = 1.
ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt l:
(93)
u . *u 1.118 118 N/mm2
6.2.
Tnh ton
Tnh cho v ng trn bung t:
- Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng h1' c xc nh theo cng thc
(8-47), trang 181, [7]:
p0
0,2942
h1' Dt .K .
600.0,3.
8,99 mm
(94)
[ u ]
118
Trong :
K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm
po p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm2
[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt; N/mm2
Chn h1' = 10 mm
- Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc nh theo cng thc
(8-48), trang 181, [7]:
p0
h ' Dt .K .
[ ]u . 0
34
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Trong :
K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
0 h s lm yu v ng do khoan l
D d
0 n
1
Dn
Vi:
Dn ng knh v ng; mm
d tng ng knh ca cc l c b tr trn ng knh v; mm
d = 6.25 + 273 = 423 mm
600 423
0
0,295 1
600
0,2942
(95)
h ' 600.0,45.
24,82 mm
118.0,295
Chn h = 30 mm
Kim tra bn v ng:
ng sut un ca v c xc nh theo cng thc (8-53), trang 183, [7]:
p0
u
2
d n h '
3,6.1 0,7.
L L
Trong :
dn = 29 mm ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
3
3
L
.t
.0,0406 0,03516 m = 35,16 mm c xc nh theo hnh 8-14,
2
2
trang 182, [7] vi cc ng c b tr theo nh ca tam gic u.
t = 0,0406 m bc ng
0,2942
(96)
u
0,2656 N/mm2 118 N/mm2
2
29 30
3,6.1 0,7.
35,16 35,16
Vy v ng trn bung t dy 30 mm.
Tnh cho v ng di bung t:

- Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng h1' c xc nh theo cng thc
(8-47), trang 181, [7]:
p0
0,3092
h1' Dt .K .
600.0,3.
9,214014 mm
(97)
[ u ]
118
Trong :
K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm
po p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm2
po = pm + dd max.g.H = 0,2942 + 1273,97.9,81.1,5.10-6 = 0,313 N/mm2
Vi:
ddmax = dd(30 %, 101,9632 oC) = 1273,97 kg/m3 (chn d phng)
35
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt; N/mm2

Chn h1' = 10 mm
-
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc nh theo cng thc

(8-48), trang 181, [7]:
p0
h ' Dt .K .
[ ]u . 0
Trong :
K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
0,313
(98)
h ' 600.0,45.
25,6 mm
118.0,295
Chn h = 30 mm
Kim tra bn v ng:

ng sut un ca v c xc nh theo cng thc (8-53), trang 183, [7]:
p0
0,313
29 30
d h '
3,6.1 0,7.
3,6.1 0,7. n
35,16 35,16
L L
u 118 N/mm2
Vy v ng di bung t dy 30 mm.
0,2825 N/mm2
(99)
7. Khi lng v tai treo

- Khi lng tai treo cn chu:
m = mtb + mdd
- Tng khi lng thp lm thit b:
mtb = m + mn + mbb + mb + mc + mv + mng TN + mng TH + mbch + mbu lng + mc
Trong :
m khi lng thp lm y; kg
mn khi lng thp lm np; kg
mbb khi lng thp lm bung bc; kg
mb khi lng thp lm bung t; kg
mc khi lng thp lm phn hnh nn ct ni bung bc v bung t; kg
mng TN khi lng thp lm ng truyn nhit; kg
mng TH khi lng thp lm ng tun hon trung tm; kg
Khi lng ring ca thp khng g OX18H10T l 1 = 7900 kg/m3
Khi lng ring ca thp CT3 l 2 = 7850 kg/m3
7.1.
Bung t
Bung t c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm bung t:
Vb
2
2
. Dnb
Dtb
.H b
. 0,612 0,6 2 .1,5 0,0143 m3
36
(100)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Trong :
Dnb ng knh ngoi ca bung t; m
Dtb ng knh trong ca bung t; m
Hb chiu cao ca bung t; m
Khi lng thp lm bung t:
mb = 1.Vb = 7900.0,0143 = 112,614 kg
(101)
7.2.
Bung bc
Bung bc c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm bung bc:
Vbb
2
2
. Dnbb
Dtbb
.H bb
. 0,814 2 0,8 2 .2 0,0355 m3
(102)
Trong :
Dnbb ng knh ngoi ca bung bc; m
Dtbb ng knh trong ca bung bc; m
Hbb chiu cao ca bung bc; m
Khi lng thp lm bung bc:
mb = 1.Vb = 7900.0,0355 = 280,4 kg
(103)
7.3.
Phn hnh nn ct gia bung bc v bung t
Phn hnh nn ct c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
ng knh trong ln bng ng knh bung bc Dtl = 800 mm.
ng knh trong nh bng ng knh bung t Dtn = 600 mm.
B dy ca phn hnh nn ct (khng tnh g) bng vi b dy bung bc S = 7 mm.
B dy ca phn g nn ct bng vi b dy bung t S = 5 mm.
Chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct (khng tnh g) l Hc = 245 mm.
Chiu cao ca phn g nn ct l Hgc = 40 mm.
Th tch thp lm phn hnh nn ct:
Vc
Vc
12
2
. Dnl2 Dnl .Dnn Dnn
Dtl2 Dtl .Dtn Dtn2 .H c
12
.D2 .H gc
. 0,814 2 0,814.0,614 0,614 2 0,8 2 0,8.0,6 0,6 2 .0,245
Vc 0,00419 m3
Khi lng thp lm phn hnh nn ct:
mc = 1.Vc = 7900.0,00419 = 33,096 kg
7.4.
y nn
y nn c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
y nn tiu chun c gc y 60o, c g cao 40 mm.
Dt = 600 mm
S = 5 mm
Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]:
Khi lng thp lm y nn:
m = 1,01.27,5 = 27,775 kg
37
. 0,612 0,6 2
(104)
(105)
(106)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

7.5.
Np ellipse
Np ellipse c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Np ellipse tiu chun c:
Dt = 800 mm
S = 7 mm
hg = 25 mm
Tra bng XIII.11, trang 384, [2]
Khi lng thp lm np ellipse:
mn = 1,01.42,5 = 42,925 kg
(107)
7.6.
ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm
ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm ng:
2
2
n' d n2 d t2 Dnth
Dtth
.
Vong VongTN VongTH .
.H
4
72. 0,029 2 0,025 2 0,277 2 0,2732
Vong .
.1,5 0,0209 m3
4
Trong :
dn ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit; m
dt ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit; m
Dnth ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
Dtth ng knh trong ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
H chiu cao ca ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm; m
Khi lng thp lm ng:
mng = 1.Vng = 7900.0,0209 = 165,217 kg
(108)
(109)
7.7.
Mt bch
C 6 mt bch, gm 2 mt ni np v bung bc, 2 mt ni bung bc v bung t, 2
mt ni bung t v y. Cc mt bch pha bung t c v ng.
Mt bch c lm bng thp CT3.
Th tch thp lm 2 mt bch khng c v ng:
D 2 Dt2 Z .d b2
0,74 2 0,6 2 20.0,02 2
V 1 2.
.h .
.0,02 0,0056 m3
4
2
(110)
Th tch thp lm 2 mt bch c v ng:

2
D 2 Dnth
n'.d n2 Z .d b2
V 2 2.
.h
4
0,74 2 0,277 2 72.0,029 2 20.0,02 2
V2 .
.0,02 0,0126 m3
(111)
2
Trong :
D, Z, db, h l nhng thng s ca bch ni bung bc bung t v bch ni
bung t y.
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; m
38
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

dn ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit; m

Dnth ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
Th tch thp lm mt bch ni np v bung bc:

D 2 Dt2 Z .d b2
0,932 0,8 2 24.0,02 2
V 3 2.
.h .
.0,02 0,0068 m3
4
2
Trong :
D, Z, db, h l nhng thng s ca mt bch ni np v bung bc.
Dt ng knh trong ca bung bc; m
Tng th tch thp lm mt bch:

Vbch = V1 + V2 + V3 = 0,0056 + 0,0126 + 0,0068 = 0,025 m3
Khi lng thp lm mt bch:
mbch = 2.Vbch = 7850.0,025 = 196,606 kg
(112)
(113)
(114)
7.8.
Bu lng v ren
Bu lng v ren c lm bng thp CT3.
Dng cho bch ni bung bc bung t v bch ni bung t y:
D 2 .H d b2 .h' h' 'h' ' '
'
V1 2.Z . .
4
Trong :
D = 1,7.db = 1,7.20 = 34 mm ng knh bu lng
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao phn bu lng khng cha li
h = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
h = h + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm chiu cao phn li bu lng
h = 9 mm kch thc phn ren trng
0,034 2.0,016 0,02 2.0,016 0,022 0,009
V1' 2.20. .
0,001172 m3
4
Dng cho bch ni np v bung bc:

D 2 .H d b2 .h' h' ' h' ' '
V2' Z . .
4
Trong :
D = 1,7.db = 1,7.20 = 34 mm ng knh bu lng
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao phn bu lng khng cha li
h = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
h = h + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm chiu cao phn li bu lng
h = 9 mm kch thc phn ren trng
0,034 2.0,016 0,02 2.0,016 0,022 0,009
V1' 24. .
0,000703 m3
4
(115)
39
(116)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

7.9.
ai c
ai c c lm bng thp CT3.
Dng cho bch ni bung bc bung t v bch ni bung t y:
d 2 d t2
V1'' 2.Z . . n
.H '
4
Trong :
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
dt = 1,4.db = 1,4.20 = 28 mm ng knh trong ca ai c
dn = 1,15.dt = 1,15.28 = 32,2 mm ng knh ngoi ca ai c
0,0322 2 0,028 2
V1'' 2.20. .
.0,016 0,000127 m3
4
(117)
Dng cho bch ni np v bung bc:

d 2 d t2
V2'' Z . . n
.H '
4
Trong :
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
dt = 1,4.db = 1,4.20 = 28 mm ng knh trong ca ai c
dn = 1,15.dt = 1,15.28 = 32,2 mm ng knh ngoi ca ai c
0,0322 2 0,028 2
(118)
V1'' 24. .
.0,016 0,000076 m3
4
Tng th tch thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c:
V V1' V2' V1'' V2'' 0,001172 0,000703 0,000127 0,000076 0,002078 m3
(119)
Khi lng thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c:
mbu lng + mai c = 2.V = 7850.0,002078 = 16,313 kg
(120)
7.10. V ng
c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm v ng:
2
D 2 n'.d n2 Dnth
Vvi 2. . t
.S
4
Trong :
dn = 29 mm ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
Dnth = 277 mm ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm
S = 30 mm chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng
0,6 2 72.0,029 2 0,277 2
Vvi .
.0,03 0,0105 m3
2
Khi lng thp lm v ng:

mv = 1.Vv = 7900.0,0105 = 82,914 kg
(121)
(122)
40
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Chi tit
Bung t
Bung bc
Phn hnh nn ct
y nn
Np ellipse
ng truyn nhit
ng tun hon trung tm
Mt bch
Bu lng
Ren
ai c
V ng
Tng
-
Loi thp
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
Khi lng; kg
CT3
CT3
196,606
16,313
OX18H10T
82,914
957,860
Khi lng ln nht c th c ca dung dch trong thit b:

Khi lng ring ln nht c th c ca dung dch l khi lng ring nng 30 % v
nhit tsdd(po): ddmax = dd(30 %, 101,9632 oC) = 1273,97 kg/m3.
Th tch dung dch trong thit b:
Vdd = Vc + VngTH + VngTN + V
Trong :
Vc th tch dung dch trong phn hnh nn ct; m3
Db2 Db .D D2
D2
Vc .
.H c .
.H gc
12
4
0,82 0,8.0,6 0,62
0,62
.
.0,245 .
.0,04 0,1062 m3
12
4
Vi:
Db ng knh trong ca bung bc; m
D ng knh trong ca bung t; m
Hc chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct (khng tnh g); m
Hgc chiu cao ca g nn ct; m
VngTH th tch dung dch trong ng tun hon trung tm; m3
VngTN th tch dung dch trong ng truyn nhit; m3
VngTH + VngTN = 0,1408 m3 (77)
V th tch dung dch trong y nn; m3
V = 0,071 m3
Vdd = 0,1062 + 0,1408 + 0,071 = 0,318 m3
mddmax = ddmax.Vdd = 1273,97.0,318 = 405,191 kg
112,614
280,400
33,096
27,775
42,925
165,217
Tng ti trng ca thit b:

M = mtb + mddmax = 957,86 + 405,191 = 1363,051 kg
41
(123)
(124)
(125)
(126)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Chn 4 tai treo thng ng, c lm bng thp CT3.

Trng lng trn mi tai treo:
g.M 9,81.1363,051
G
3342,88 N 0,33.104 N
4
4
Cc thng s ca tai treo c chn t bng XIII.36, trang 438, [2]:
G.10-4
N
0,5
F.104
m2
72,5
q.10-6
N/m2
0,69
B1
100
75
85
S
mm
155
6
Trong :
G ti trng cho php trn mt tai treo; N
F b mt ; N
q ti trng cho php trn b mt ; N/m2
mt khi lng 1 tai treo; kg
42
(127)
40
15
18
mt
kg
1,23
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

PHN IV. TNH TON THIT B PH
I. THIT B GIA NHIT

- Chn thit b ng chm thng ng, dung dch i trong ng, hi t i ngoi ng.
- Dng nhp liu (dng lnh):
t1' = 30 oC
t1" = 101,9632 oC
t1' t1" 30 101,9632
65,9816 oC
2
2
Dng hi t (dng nng):
T2' = T2" = 142,9 oC
t
(128)

Gim tc hi t nhm bo v cc ng truyn nhit ti khu vc hi t vo bng cch chia
lm nhiu ming vo. Chn tc hi t nh ( = 10 m/s), nc ngng chy mng (do ng
truyn nhit ngn c h0 = 1 m), ngng hi bo ho tinh khit trn b mt ng. Cng thc
(V.101), trang 28, [4] c p dng:
0 , 25
1 2,04. A.
H .t1
Trong :
1 h s cp nhit pha hi ngng; W/(m2.K)
r - n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at (2141 kJ/kg)
H - chiu cao ng truyn nhit (H = h0 = 1 m)
A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm
t t
t m D v1
2
Sau nhiu ln tnh lp, ta chn nhit vch ngoi tv1 = 140,1 oC.
142,9 140,1
tm
141,5 oC
2
Tra A [2], trang 28:
tm;
0
20
40
o
C
A
104
120
139
(129)
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
155
169
179
188
194
197
199
199
A = 194,45
t1 = tD tv1 = 142,9 140,1 = 2,8 oC
2141000
1 = 2,04.194,45.
1.2,8
0, 25
= 11730,13 W/(m2.K)
Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng:

q1 = 1.t1 = 11730,13.2,8 = 32844,36 W/m2
43
(130)
(131)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012


Cht lng si nh v chuyn ng cng bc nn h s cp nhit ny c tnh theo cc
cng thc ca i lu cng bc.
Sau khi tnh lp, chn tv2 = 110,0186 oC
t t
140,1 110,0186
(132)
t w v1 v 2
125,0593 oC
2
2
Cc thng s ho l ca dung dch NaOH 18% tw v t :
tw = 125,0593 oC
0,5787
1130,01
3752,51
0,000967
Thng s
; W/(m.K)
; kg/m3
c; J/(kg.K)
; Ns/m2
t = 65,98159 oC
0,5655
1171,97
3733,49
0,001387
Trong :
h s dn nhit; W/(m.K): tra bng I.130, trang 135, [1]
khi lng ring; kg/m3: tra bng 4, trang 11, [8]
c nhit dung ring; J/(kg.K): tra bng I.154, trang 172, [1]
nht ng lc hc; Ns/m2: tra bng I.107, trang 100, [1]
Chun s Prandtl:
.c 0,001387.3733,49
Pr
9,1591
0,5655
.c
0,000967.3752,51
Prw w w
6,2723
w
0,5787
Chn tc ca dung dch NaOH 18 % trong ng truyn nhit l v = 1 m/s.
ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit l d = 25 mm.
Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 1.0.025.1171,97
(133)
Re
21119,62 > 10000
0,001387
p dng cng thc tnh h s cp nhit khi dng chy ri trong ng (Re > 10000):
0 , 25
Pr
Nu 0,021. . Re . Pr .
Prw
l 1000
Chn l = 1 m
40 1,02
d
25
0 ,8
0 , 43
Nu 0,021.1,02.21119,62 .9,1591
0 ,8
9,1591
.
6,2723
0, 43
0, 25
175,9025
Nu. 175,9025.0,5655
3978,915 W/(m2.K)
d
0,025
tv2 = 110,0186 t2 = tv2 tc = 110,0186 101,9632 = 8,0554 oC
q2 = 2.t2 = 3978,915.8,0554 = 32051,89 W/m2
2
44
(134)
(135)
(136)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Cng thc tnh:
t
q v v ; W/m2
rv
Trong :
rv tng tr vch; m2.K/W
rv r1
0,003
r2 0,3448.10 3
0,387.10 3 0,9159.10 3 m2.K/W
16,3
Vi:
1
= 0.3448.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha hi nc do vch ngoi ca ng
2900
c mng mng nc ngng (bng 31, trang 29, [8]).
r2 = 0,387.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha dung dch do vch trong ca ng c lp
cn bn dy 0,5 mm (bng V.1, trang 4, [2]).
= 3 mm = 0,003 m b dy ng truyn nhit
= 16,3 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca ng (tra bng XII.7, trang 313, [2] vi
ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T)
tv = tv1 - tv2 ; K chnh lch nhit gia 2 vch tng
r1 =
Vi qu trnh c c chn khng lin tc, s truyn nhit n nh nn qv = q1 = q2.

tv = qv.rv = 32844,36.0,9159.10-3 = 30,08138 oC
Sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1:
q q
32051,89 32844,36
q 2 1 .100%
.100% 2,4724%
q1
32844,36
(137)
q 5% nn sai s c chp nhn (cc thng s c chn ph hp).

Nhit ti ring trung bnh:
q q 2 32844,36 32051,89
qtb 1
32448,13 W/m2
2
2
Thit b gia nhit c tnh ton cn bng nng lng ging nh vi bung t.
Dng nhit vo (W):
Do dung dch 30 oC
Gc t1'
Do hi t
D i D"
Do hi ngng trong ng ng dn hi t
DctD
Dng nhit ra (W):
Do dung dch 101,9632 oC
Gccc t1''
Do nc ngng
Dc
Nhit tn tht
Qtt
Phng trnh cn bng nhit:
Gc t1' + D i D" + DctD = Gccc t1'' + Dc + Qtt
45
(138)
(139)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

C th b qua nhit lng do hi nc bo ho ngng t trong ng ng dn hi t vo

bung t: DctD = 0.
Trong hi nc bo ho, bao gi cng c mt lng nc ngng b cun theo khong =
0,05 ( m ca hi).
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho cung cp l D(1 - )( i D" - c); W
Nc ngng chy ra c nhit bng nhit ca hi t vo (khng c qu lnh sau khi
ngng) th ( i D" - c) = rD = 2141 kJ/kg (n nhit ngng t ca hi t).
D(1 - )( i D" - c) + Gc t1' = Gccc t1'' + Qtt
(140)
Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD v G = Gc = G

QD = D(1 - )(1 - )( i D" - c) = G(cc t1'' - c t1' )
Lng hi t biu kin:
1191,65
(3752.101,9632 3671.30)
G.(cc t1" c t1' )
3600
D
0,0467 kg/s
(1 )(1 )rD
(1 0,05)(1 0,05).2141000
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp:
QD = D(1 - )(1 ).rD = 0,0467.(1 0,05).(1-0,05).2141000 = 90180,05 W
Din tch b mt truyn nhit:
Q
90180,05
F D
2,77921 m2
qtb 32448,13
(141)
(142)
(143)
(144)
S ng truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc (III-49), trang 134, [4]:
F
n
.d .l
Trong :
l = 1 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit
d ng knh ca ng truyn nhit
V 1 > 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm.
S ng truyn nhit l:
F
2,77921
n
35,39
(145)
.d t .l .0,025.1
Theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2], chn s ng n = 37 v b tr ng theo hnh lc gic u.
46
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

ng knh trong ca thit b trao i nhit c tnh theo cng thc V.140, trang 49, [2]:
D = t.(b-1) + 4.dn
Trong :
dn = dt + 2S = 0,025 + 2.0,003 = 0,031 m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
t = .dn = 1,4.0.031 = 0,0434 m bc ng
4
4
b
.n 1 1
.37 1 1 7 - s ng trn ng xuyn tm ca lc gic
3
3
D = 0,0434.(7-1) + 4.0,031 = 0,3844 m
(146)
Th tch bnh gia nhit
D2
0,3844 2
(147)
V .
.l .
.1 0,116 m3
4
4
Dung dch chy chm trong ng nn thi gian truyn nhit ln, chn s pass pha v m = 1.
Thng s
Sut lng
Nng
Nhit u vo
K hiu
n v
DUNG DCH NaOH
G
kg/h
x
% wt
o
'
C
t1
Nhit u ra
Nhit dung ring u vo
Nhit dung ring u ra
p sut
Nhit
n nhit ngng t
Chiu cao thit b gia nhit
ng knh trong ng truyn nhit
ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp
Lng hi t biu kin
t1''
c
cc
HI T
pD
tD
rD
H
dt
dn
QD
D
47
Gi tr
1191,65
18
30
C
J/(kg.K)
J/(kg.K)
101,9632
3671
3752
at
C
kJ/kg
m
m
m
W
kg/s
4
142,9
2141
1
0,025
0,031
90180,05
0,0467
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

II. THIT B NGNG T

1. Chn thit b ngng t
- Lng kh b sung sinh ra trong thit b c c bao gm:
Hi nc (ch yu)
Dung mi d bay hi
Kh khng ngng
- Kh b sung cn c gii phng to chn khng. Thit b ngng t c kt hp vi
bm chn khng h thng chn khng hot ng hiu qu nht.
- Thit b ngng t lm ngng t hu ht hi nc, gii phng mt lng hi nc ln cho
bm chn khng, do gim tiu hao nng lng c hc v trnh hng hc cho bm (ch
ht kh khng ngng).
- Chn thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, ngc chiu, chn cao (baromet). Trong ,
nc lm lnh v nc ngng t chy xung cn kh khng ngng c bm chn khng
ht ra t phn trn ca thit b qua b phn tch lng.
- Chiu cao ca ng baromet c chn sao cho tng ca p sut trong thit b v ct p
thu tnh bng vi p sut kh quyn.
2. Tnh thit b ngng t
- Theo bng VII.1, trang 97, [2]: nhit khng kh trung bnh TPHCM l t = 27,2 oC,
m tng i l = 77 %. Theo gin h x ca khng kh m, h = 72,5 kJ/kg khng
kh m.
- Nhit bu t c chn l t = 23 oC.
Nhit u ca nc lnh c chn l t2d = 23 + 3 = 26 oC.
- Vi pc = 0,6 at v tc = 85,5 oC:
Nhit cui ca nc lnh c chn l t2c = tc 10 = 85,5 10 = 75,5 oC.
-
i vi thit b ngng t trc tip, lng khng kh cn ht c tnh theo cng thc
VI.47, trang 84, [2]:
Gkk = 0,000025.W + 0,000025.Gn + 0,01.W; kg/s
Trong :
Gn lng nc c ti vo thit b ngng t; kg/s, c tnh theo cng thc
VI.51, trang 84, [2]:
W .i cn .t 2c
Gn
c n .t 2c t 2 d
Vi:
W = 476,66 kg/h lng hi th i vo thit b ngng t
i = 2650 kJ/kg nhit lng ring ca hi nc (bng I.251, trang 314, [1])
cn = 4180 J/(kg.K) nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc
476,66
.2650000 4180.75,5
3600
(148)
Gn
1,493832 kg/s
4180.75,5 26
476,66
476,66
Gkk 0,000025.
0,000025.1,493832 0,01.
0,001365 kg/s (149)
3600
3600
48
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
i vi thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, nhit khng kh c tnh theo cng thc
VI.50, trang 84, [2]:
tkk = t2d + 4 + 0,1.(t2c t2d) = 26 + 4 + 0,1.(75,5 26) = 34,95 oC
(150)
ph = 0,056 at (tra gin h x ca khng kh m)
Th tch khng kh cn ht c tnh theo cng thc VI.49, trang 84, [2]:
288.Gkk .273 t kk 288.0,001365.273 34,95
(151)
Vkk
0,002267 m3/s
4
p ph
0,6 0,056.9,81.10
Kch thc ch yu ca thit b ngng t:

- Thng thng, nng sut tnh ton c chn ln hn 1,5 ln so vi nng sut thc t.
Khi , ng knh trong ca thit b c tnh theo cng thc VI.52, trang 84, [2]:
W
;m
Dtr 1,383.
h . h
Trong :
h = 0,359 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th 0,6 at (tra bng I.251, trang
314, [2])
h = 20 m/s tc ca hi th trong thit b ngng t (chn)
476,66
(152)
Dtr 1,383. 3600 0,187808 m
0,359.20
Chn Dtr = 0,2 m = 200 mm.
- Kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t baromet c chn theo bng VI.8, trang 88, [2]:
Kch thc
ng knh trong ca thit b
Chiu dy ca thnh thit b
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b
B rng ca tm ngn
Khong cch gia tm ca thit b ngng t v thit b thu hi
Chiu rng ca h thng thit b
ng knh ca thit b thu hi
Chiu cao ca thit b thu hi
ng knh ca thit b thu hi
ng knh cc ca ra v vo:
Hi vo
Nc vo
Hn hp kh v hi ra
Ni vi ng baromet
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi
Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hi
Ni t thit b thu hi n ng baromet
ng thng kh
49
K hiu
Dtr
S
a0
an
b
K1
K2
T
D1
h1(h)
D2
Gi tr; mm
200
1
1300
1200
675
1300
150
1440
-
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
300
100
80
125
80
50
50
-
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
Kch thc tm ngn:

Tm ngn c dng hnh vin phn bo m lm vic tt. Chiu rng ca tm ngn
c xc nh theo cng thc VI.53, trang 85, [2]:
D
200
(153)
b tr 50
50 150 mm
2
2
C nhiu l nh c c trn tm ngn, nc lm ngui l nc sch nn ng knh l
c chn l d = 2 mm.
Lu lng th tch ca nc lnh dng ngng t hi th:

Nhit trung bnh ca nc:
t t
26 75,5
(154)
t tb 2 d 2c
50,75 oC
2
2
n = 987,725 kg/m3 (bng I.249, trang 310, [1])
G
1,493832
(155)
Vn n
0,001512 m3/s
n 987,725
Chn chiu cao g tm ngn l h = 40 mm, chiu dy tm ngn l = 4 mm, tc ca
tia nc l c = 0,62 m/s.
Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b ngng t, ngha
l trn mt cp tm ngn l:
G
1,493832
f n
0,002439 m2
(156)
c
0,62
Chn t s gia tng s din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca thit b ngng
f
t l e 0,1 . Cc l c xp theo hnh lc gic u. Bc ca cc l c xc nh
f tb
bng cng thc VI.55, trang 85, [2]:
0,5
f
t 0,866.d . e 0,866.2.0,10,5 0,000548 m 0,00055 m = 0,55 mm
f tb
Mc un nng nc:
t t
75,5 26
P 2c 2 d
0,831933 0,832
t bh t 2 d 85,5 26
(157)
(158)
Tra bng VI.7, trang 86, [2] vi d = 2 mm v P = 0,774:

S ngn n = 8
S bc n = 4
Khong cch gia cc ngn h = 400 mm
Thi gian ri qua mt bc = 0,41 s
Trong thc t, khi hi i trong thit b ngng t t di ln th th tch ca n gim dn.
Do , khong cch hp l nht gia cc ngn cng nn gim dn theo hng t di ln
khong 50 mm cho mi ngn.
Chn khong cch gia cc ngn l 400 mm.
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b l 1300 mm.
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b l 1200 mm.
Chiu cao phn g ca np l 50 mm.
50
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Chiu cao phn np ellipse l 125 mm.

Chiu cao phn y nn l 175 mm.
Chiu cao ca thit b ngng t:
H = 125 + 50 + 1300 + 400.7 + 1200 + 175 = 5650 mm
(159)
Kch thc ng baromet:

- Chn ng knh trong ca ng baromet l d = 100 mm = 0,1 m.
- Tc ca nc lnh v nc ngng t chy trong ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc
VI.57, trang 86, [2]:
741,66
0,004.1,493832
0,004.Gn W
0,004.Gn W
3600
0,207 m/s
.
.d 2
.0,12
(160)
-
Chiu cao ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc II-15, trang 102, [4]:
H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4; m
Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut kh quyn

v p sut trong thit b ngng t h1 c tnh theo cng thc VI.59, trang 86, [2]:
b
;m
h1 10,33.
760
Trong :
b chn khng trong thit b ngng t; mmHg
b = 760 0,6.735 = 319 mmHg
319
(161)
h1 10,33.
4,335882 m
760
Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn khc phc ton b tr lc khi nc

chy trong ng h2 c tnh theo cng thc VI.60, trang 87, [2]:
2
H
h2
.1 . ; m
2g
d
Chn h s tr lc khi vo ng 1 = 0,5 v khi ra khi ng 2 = 1 = 1,5.

2
H
h2
. 2,5 . ; m
2g
d
Nc lnh v nc ngng t c:
ttb = 50,75 oC
n = 987,725 kg/m3
n = 0,000543 Ns/m2
Re
.d . n 0,5.0,1.987,725
91001,01 4000 (ch chy ri)

n
0,000543
(162)
Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang 381, [1])
nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm.
51
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]:

8
0,1 7
d 7
Re gh 6. 6.
7289,343

0,0002
Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]:
(163)
0,1 8
d 8
Re n 220. 220.
239201,5

0,0002
Regh < Re < Ren (khu vc qu )
(164)
H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380, [1]:
100
0,0002
100
0,1.1,46.
0,1.1,46.
0,0252
d Re
0,1
91001,01
0,207 2
H'
h2
. 2,5 0,0252. 0,00546 0,00055.H ' ; m
2.9,81
0,1
0, 25
0, 25
(165)
(166)
Chn chiu cao d tr h3 = 0,5 m ngn nga nc dng ln trong ng v chy

trn vo ng ng dn hi khi p sut kh quyn tng.
Chn chiu cao ca on ng baromet ngp trong b nc l h4 = 0,5 m.
H = 4,335882 + 0,00546 + 0,00055.H + 0,5 + 0,5

H = 5,344285 m
Chn chiu cao ng baromet l H = 6 m.
52
(167)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Thng s
K hiu
n v
Gi tr
W
tc
pc
i
kg/h
o
C
at
kJ/kg
476,66
85,5
0,6
2650
HI VO
Sut lng
Nhit
p sut
Enthalpy
NC LM NGUI
o
Nhit u vo
t2d
C
o
Nhit u ra
t2c
C
Nhit dung ring
cn
J/(kg.K)
Lu lng khi lng nc lnh cn thit ngng t
Gn
kg/s
Lu lng th tch nc lnh cn thit ngng t
Vn
m3/s
p sut hi nc bo ho
ph
at
KH KHNG NGNG
Lu lng khi lng khng kh c ht ra khi thit b
Gkk
kg/s
Lu lng th tch khng kh c ht ra khi thit b
Vkk
m3/s
o
Nhit
tkk
C
NG KNH TRONG THIT B NGNG T
Khi lng ring ca hi th
h
kg/m3
Tc ca hi th
h
m/s
ng knh trong
Dtr
mm
KCH THC TM NGN
Chiu rng tm ngn
b
mm
ng knh l trn tm ngn
d
mm
B dy tm ngn
mm
Bc l
t
mm
CHIU CAO THIT B NGNG T
Mc un nng nc
P
S ngn
z
ci
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b
a0
mm
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b
an
mm
Chiu cao
H
mm
KCH THC NG BAROMET
Tc nc lnh v nc ngng chy trong ng
m/s
ng knh trong ca ng
d
mm
chn khng
b
mmHg
Chiu cao ct nc cn bng vi (pkq pc)
h1
m
H s tr lc vo
1
H s tr lc ra
2
Khi lng ring ca nc lnh v nc ngng
n
kg/m3
nht ng lc
n
Ns/m2
Chun s Reynolds
Re
H s ma st
Chiu cao
H
m
Chiu cao ca c thit b l H = H + H = 5,65 + 6 = 11,65 m.
53
26
75,5
4180
1,493832
0,001512
0,056
0,001365
0,002267
34,95
0,359
20
200
150
2
4
0,55
0,832
8
1300
1200
5650
0,207
100
319
4,335882
0,5
1
987,725
0,000543
91001,01
0,0252
6
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

III. BN CAO V
- Bn cao v c dng n nh lu lng ca dung dch nhp liu. Bn c t
cao ph hp nhm thng c cc tr lc ca ng ng v cao hn so vi mt thong
ca dung dch trong ni c c.
- p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 1 (mt thong ca bn cao v) v 2
2 (mt thong ca ni c c):
p .v 2
p
.v 2
z1 1 1 1 z 2 2 2 2 h12
2g
2g
Trong :
v1 = v2 = 0 m/s
p1 = 1 at
p2 = p0 = 0,6275 at
= 1171,97 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 18 % ttb = 65,9816 oC
(bng 4, trang 11, [8])
= 0,001387 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 18 % ttb (bng I.107,
trang 100, [1])
z2 - khong cch t mt thong ca dung dch trong ni c c n mt t; m
z2 = z + H + Hb + Hgc + Hc = 1 + 0,584 + 1,5 + 0,04 + 0,245 = 3,369 m
(168)
Vi:
z = 1 m khong cch t phn ni gia ng tho liu v y nn n mt t
H = 0,544 + 0,04 = 0,584 m chiu cao ca y nn
Hb = 1,5 m chiu cao ca bung t
Hgc = 0,04 m chiu cao ca g nn ct
Hc = 0,245 m chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct
ng knh ng nhp liu l d = 20 mm = 0,02 m.
Chn chiu di ng ng t bn cao v n bung bc l l = 20 m.
Tc ca dung dch trong ng:
1191,65
4.
G
3600
v
0,899 m/s
2
d
.0,02 2.1171,97
. .
4
Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 0,899.0,02.1171,97
Re
15189,94 4000 (ch chy ri)
0,001387
(169)
(170)
8
7
8
7
0,02
d
Re gh 6. 6.
1158,419

0,0002
54
(171)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012


9
0,02 8
d 8
Re n 220. 220.
39122,15

0,0002
(172)
100
0,1.1,46.
d Re
0 , 25
0,0002
100
0,1.1,46.
0,02 15189,94
0, 25
0,03815
(173)
Cc h s tr lc cc b:
Yu t gy tr lc
K hiu
u vo
vo
u ra
ra
o
Khuu 90
khuu 90
Van ca
van
= 0,5 + 1 + 6.1 + 2.1,5 = 10,5
H s tr lc cc b
0,5
1
1
1,5
S lng
1
1
6
2
Tng tn tht trn ng ng:

2
v2 l
20
0,899
h12
. .
. 0,03815.
10,5 2,004 m
2g d
0,02
2.9,81
Khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t:

p p1
0,6275 1.9,81.10 4 2,004 2,195 m
z1 z 2 2
h12 3,369
1171,97.9,81
(174)
(175)
Dung dch NaOH 18 % lun t chy t bn cao v vo bung bc ca ni c c khi

bn c cao t 2,195 m tr ln.
Chn khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t l 3,5 m.
55
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

IV. BM
1. Bm chn khng
Cng sut ca bm chn khng:
m 1
Vkk m
p
2
N
.
. p1 . 1 ; W
ck m 1 p1
Trong :
m ch s a bin, c gi tr t 1,2 n 1,62. Chn m = 1,62.
p1 p sut ca khng kh trong thit b ngng t.
p1 = pc ph = 0,6 0,056 = 0,544 at
Vi:
ph p sut ca hi nc trong hn hp
p2 = pa = 1 at = 9,81.104 N/m2 p sut kh quyn
Vkk lu lng th tch khng kh cn ht
ck = 0,8 h s hiu chnh
1, 621
0,002267 1,62
1 1, 62
4
N
.
.0,544.9,81.10 .
1 103,6173 W
0,544
0,8
1,62 1
(176)
Tc ht 0 oC v 760 mmHg l S = 0,002267.60 = 0,13602 m3/pht.

Theo bng 1.4, trang 9, [10], ta chn bm c k hiu l BH-025-2 vi cc thng s:
Cc thng s
S cp
Tc bm trong vng p sut 760 1 mmHg; L/s
Lng du; L
Cng sut ng c; kW
Kch thc tng th di x rng x cao; mm
Khi lng; kg
Bm BH-025-2
2
0,25
0,86
0,18
330 x 243,5 x 229
16,5
2. Bm a nc vo thit b ngng t
- Cng sut ca bm:
Q. .g.H
; kW
N
1000.
Trong :
H ct p ca bm; m
hiu sut ca bm. Chn = 0,75.
= 996,66 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca nc 26 oC
Q lu lng th tch ca nc lnh c ti vo thit b ngng t; m3/s
G
1,493832
Q n
0,0015 m3/s
996,66
56
(177)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

-
p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b nc) v 2 2

(mt thong ca thit b ngng t):
p1 1 .v12
p 2 2 .v22
z1
H z2
h12
2g
2g
Trong :
v1 = v2 = 0 m/s
p1 = 1 at
p2 = 0,6 at
= 0,000874 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca nc 26 oC (bng I.249, trang 310, [1])
z1 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b nc n mt t
z2 = 12 m khong cch t mt thong ca thit b ngng t n mt t
Chn dht = dy = 100 mm = 0,1 m v1 = v2 = v
Chn chiu di ng ng t b nc n thit b ngng t l l = 13 m.
Tc ca dng chy trong ng:
Q
0,0015
v
0,190838 m/s
2
d
0,12
.
.
4
4
Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 0,190838.0,1.996,66
Re
21767,07 4000 (ch chy ri)
0,000874
(178)
(179)
8
7
8
7
0,1
d
Re gh 6. 6.
7289,343

0,0002
(180)
0,1 8
d 8
Re n 220. 220.
239201,5

0,0002
(181)
100
0,1.1,46.
d Re
0, 25
0,0002
100
0,1.1,46.
0,1
21767,07
57
0, 25
0,0294
(182)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Cc h s tr lc cc b:
Yu t gy tr lc
K hiu
u vo
vo
u ra
ra
o
Khuu 90
khuu 90
Van ca
van
= 0,5 + 1 + 2.1 + 2.1,5 = 6,5
H s tr lc cc b
0,5
1
1
1,5
S lng
1
1
2
2

2
v2 l
13
0,190838
h12
. .
. 0,0294. 6,5 0,0192 m
2g d
2.9,81
0,1
Ct p ca bm:
p p1
0,6 1.9,81.10 4 0,0192 6,006 m
H z 2 z1 2
h12 12 2
996,66.9,81
(183)
(184)
0,0015.996,66.9,81.6,006
(185)
0,117 kW
1000.0,75
Chn N = 0,25 hp.
Chn bm ly tm 1 cp nm ngang bm cht lng trung tnh, sch hoc hi bn. K
hiu bm l K.
N
3. Bm a dung dch nhp liu ln bn cao v

- Cng sut ca bm:
Q. .g.H
; kW
N
1000.
Trong :
H ct p ca bm; m
= 1191,65 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 18% 30 oC (bng 4,
trang 11, [8])
Q lu lng th tch ca dung dch NaOH 18% c bm vo bn cao v; m3/s
1191,65
Gn
(186)
Q
3600 0,000278 m3/s
1191,65
- p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b cha nguyn
liu) v 2 2 (mt thong ca bn cao v):
p .v 2
p
.v 2
z1 1 1 1 H z 2 2 2 2 h12
2g
2g
58
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Trong :
v1 = v2 = 0 m/s
p1 = 1 at
p2 = 1 at
= 0,00293 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 18% 30 oC (bng
I.101, trang 91, [1])
z1 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b cha nguyn liu n mt t
z2 = 3,5 m khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t
Chn dht = dy = 20 mm = 0,02 m vht = vy = v
Chn chiu di ng ng t b cha nguyn liu n bn cao v l l = 7 m.
Q
0,000278
v
0,884194 m/s
2
d
0,02 2
.
.
4
4
Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 0,884194.0,02.1191,65
Re
7192,15 4000 (ch chy ri)
0,00293
(187)
(188)
8
0,02 7
d 7
Re gh 6. 6.
1158,419

0,0002
(189)
9
8
9
8
0,02
d
Re n 220. 220.
39122,15

0,0002
(190)
100
0,1.1,46.
0, 25
Re
0,0002
100
0,1.1,46.
0,02
7192,15
0, 25
0,041
(191)
Cc h s tr lc cc b:
Yu t gy tr lc
K hiu
u vo
vo
u ra
ra
Khuu 90o
khuu 90
Van ca
van
= 0,5 + 1 + 3.1 + 2.1,5 = 7,5
H s tr lc cc b
0,5
1
1
1,5
59
S lng
1
1
3
2
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012


2
v2 l
7
0,884194
h12
. .
. 0,041.
7,5 0,872 m
2g d
2.9,81
0,02
Ct p ca bm:
H z 2 z1 h12 3,5 2 0,872 2,372 m
(192)
(193)
0,000278.1191,65.9,81.2,372
(194)
0,01027 kW
1000.0,75
Chn N = 0,125 hp.
Chn bm ly tm 1 cp nm ngang bm cht lng trung tnh, sch hoc hi bn. K
hiu bm l K.
N
4. Bm tho liu
- Cng sut ca bm:
Q. .g.H
; kW
N
1000.
Trong :
H ct p ca bm; m
= 1272,167 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 30% 104,0966oC
(bng 4, trang 11, [8])
Q lu lng th tch ca dung dch NaOH 30% c tho khi ni c c; m3/s
714,99
Gn
(195)
Q
3600 0,000156 m3/s
1272,167
-
p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 - 1 (mt thong ca b nc) v 2 2

(mt thong ca thit b ngng t):
p .v 2
p
.v 2
z1 1 1 1 H z 2 2 2 2 h12
2g
2g
Trong :
v1 = vht = v; m/s
v2 = 0 m/s
.g.H
1272,167.9,81.0,584
p1 p0 2p
0,6275 2.0,0336
0,7683 at
5
1,01.10
1,01.10 5
Vi:
H chiu cao phn y nn; m
p2 = 1 at
= 0,00175 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 30 % 104,61 oC (bng
I.101, trang 91, [1])
z1 = 1 m khong cch t phn ni gia ng tho liu v y nn n mt t
z2 = 2 m khong cch t mt thong ca b cha sn phm n mt t
60
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Chn dht = dy = 20 mm = 0,02 m vht = vy = v

Chn chiu di ng ng t y nn n bn cha sn phm l l = 5 m.
Q
0,000156
v
0,497 m/s
2
d
0,02 2
.
.
4
4
Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 0,497.0,02.1272,167
Re
7259,57 4000 (ch chy ri)
0,00175
(196)
(197)
8
0,02 7
d 7
Re gh 6. 6.
1158,419

0,0002
(198)
0,02 8
d 8
Re n 220. 220.
39122,15

0,0002
(199)
100
0,1.1,46.
d Re
0, 25
0,0002
100
0,1.1,46.
0,02
7259,57
0, 25
0,041
(200)
Cc h s tr lc cc b:
Yu t gy tr lc
K hiu
u vo
vo
u ra
ra
o
Khuu 90
khuu 90
Van ca
van
= 0,5 + 1 + 4.1 + 2.1,5 = 8,5
H s tr lc cc b
0,5
1
1
1,5

2
v2 l
5
0,497
h12
. .
. 0,041.
8,5 0,2361 m
2g d
0,02
2.9,81
61
S lng
1
1
4
2
(201)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

Ct p ca bm:
p p1
.v 2
H z 2 z1 2
h12 1 1
2g
2 1
1 0,7683.9,81.10 4
1272,167.9,81
0,2361
0,000156.1272,167.9,81.3,045
0,008 kW
1000.0,75
Chn N = 0,125 hp.
Chn bm ly tm 1 cp nm ngang.
N
0,497 2
3,045 m
2.9,81
62
(202)
(203)
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

V. CC CHI TIT PH
1. Lp cch nhit
- Vt liu ch to l amiante carton.
- B dy lp cch nhit ca bung t c tnh theo cng thc VI.66, trang 92, [2]:
.t t
c c T1 T 2
n .tT 2 t KK
Trong :
tT1 nhit ca lp cch nhit tip gip vi b mt thit b; oC. V nhit tr ca
thnh thit b rt nh so vi nhit tr ca lp cch nhit nn c th chn t T1 = tD =
142,9 oC.
tT2 nhit ca b mt lp cch nhit v pha khng kh, vo khong t 40 oC n
50 oC. Chn tT2 = 45 oC.
tKK nhit ca khng kh; oC. Chn tKK = 27,2 oC (bng VII.1, trang 97, [2])
n h s cp nhit t b mt ngoi ca lp cch nhit n khng kh; W/(m2.K),
c tnh theo cng thc VI.67, trang 92, [2]:
n = 9,3 + 0,058.tT2 = 9,3 + 0,058.(45 + 273) = 27,744 W/(m2.K)
c = 0,144 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca amiante carton 100oC.
0,144.142,9 45
(204)
c
0,028547 m
27,744.45 27,2
- thun tin trong ch to, chiu dy lp cch nhit cho bung bc v bung t c
chn l 30 mm.
2.
-
Ca sa cha
Vt liu ch to l thp CT3.
ng knh ca ca sa cha l D = 500 mm.
Ca c b tr sao cho mp di ca n cao hn mt thong ca dung dch trong bung
bc cht lng khng chy ra ngoi. Chn khong cch t mp di ca n mt
thong ca dung dch l 0,45 m.
Khong cch t mc cht lng n tm ca ca sa cha:
0,5
(205)
hc 0,45
0,7 m
2
3.
-
Knh quan st
Vt liu ch to l thp CT3 v thu tinh.
ng knh ca knh quan st l D = 230 mm.
Knh c b tr sao cho mc cht lng c th c nhn thy. Do , c 2 knh ging
nhau 2 bn bung bc, to thnh gc 180o.
63
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

PHN V. TNH TON GI THNH
Thnh phn
Thit b chnh
Thit b chnh
Bm chn khng
Bm nc cho thit b
ngng t
Bm nhp liu
Bm tho liu
Thit b gia nhit
Thit b ngng t
Thit b tch lng
Ca sa cha
Knh quan st
Vt liu
n v
n gi
Thnh tin
(ng/ v)
(ng)
50 000 37 247 060
10 000
2 129 190
700 000
97 270
744,941
212,919
0,139
kg
kg
hp
0,25
hp
700 000
175 000
0,125
0,125
1
1
1
1
0,063
hp
hp
ci
ci
ci
ci
m2
700 000
700 000
20 000 000
20 000 000
20 000 000
1 000 000
250 000
87 500
87 500
20 000 000
20 000 000
20 000 000
1 000 000
15 710
0,312
m3
3 000 000
934 480
36
ci
30 000
1 080 000
Lu lng k
ci
1 000 000
3 000 000
p k
ci
150 000
900 000
2
4,92
ci
kg
50 000
10 000
100 000
49 200
108
1,5
27
5
15
15
10
10
140
7
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
ci
ci
15 000
100 000
15 000
15 000
30 000
30 000
15 000
15 000
1 000
250 000
1 620 000
150 000
405 000
75 000
450 000
450 000
150 000
150 000
140 000
1 750 000
112 242 910
Vt liu cch nhit
OX18H10T
CT3
S lng
Thu tinh
Amiante
carton
Van
Nhit k
Tai treo
Cc ng dn
Truyn nhit d25
Tun hon trung tm d273
Nhp liu d20
Tho liu d20
Hi t d150
Hi th d150
Nc ngng d20
Kh khng ngng d20
Bu lng
m
Tng
CT3
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
CT3
CT3
CT3
CT3
CT3
Tin cng ch to vt liu bng 100% tin vt t (gia cng n gin, chnh xc khng cao).
Nh vy, tng chi ph l 112 242 910 ng.
64
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

KT LUN
Cc phn tnh ton nu trn cho thy:
- H thng c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc dung dch NaOH vi nng sut nhp liu 1 m3/h
kh n gin. V nng sut ny khng cao nn kch thc ca ca cc thit b u mc
va phi.
- Chi ph u t khng cao, trong thit b chnh chim khong 33 % tng chi ph.
- Kt cu thit b n gin v c th c iu khin t ng.
V vy, nhn chung h thng ny ph hp vi quy m phng th nghim v quy m pilot.
65
Hc k 1 Nm hc 2011 - 2012

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 1, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 2006.
[2] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 2, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 2006.
[3] Phm Vn Bn, Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho hc & Thc phm, tp 10, V d v
bi tp, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2010.
[4] Nguyn Vn May, Thit b truyn nhit v chuyn khi, NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
2006.
[5] Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th, Qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh Ho hc & Thc
phm, tp 5, Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, Quyn 1: Truyn nhit n nh, NXB HQG
TPHCM, 2006.
[6] Phan Vn Thm, S tay thit k Thit b ho cht v ch bin thc phm a dng, B
Gio dc v o to, Vin o to M rng.
[7] H L Vin, Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ho cht v du kh, NXB Khoa hc
v K thut, 2006.
[8] B mn My v Thit b, Bng tra cu Qu trnh c hc Truyn nhit Truyn khi,
NXB HQG TPHCM, 2009.
[9] Phm Xun Ton, Cc qu trnh, thit b trong Cng ngh Ho cht v Thc phm, tp
3: Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2008.
[10] L Nguyn ng, ng dng chn khng trong cng nghip, NXB Khoa hc v K
thut, 1987.
66

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N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

PHN IV. TNH TON THIT B PH

PHN V. TNH TON GI THNH

TI LIU THAM KHO

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

III. KHI QUT V C C

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

Phng php lnh: khi h thp nhit n mt mc no , mt cu t s tch ra di

THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

V. LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

tsdd(po) = tsdm(po) + = 86,5 + 15,4632 = 101,9632 oC

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

Tng tn tht nhit :

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

tra = tsdd(po) = 101,9632 oC

Phng trnh cn bng nhit

Gct + D i D" + DctD = Gccctc + W iW" + Dc Qc + Qtt

Nhit lng do hi nc bo ho ngng t trong ng ng dn hi t vo

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

(17) D(1 - )( i D" - c) + Gct = Gccctc + W iW" + Qtt

Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD

II. THIT K THIT B CHNH

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm

2. H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

dd : tra bng 4, trang 11, [8]

M = 0,161677.40 + (1 0,161677).18 = 21,55689 kg/kmol

1273,25 2 3323,425 0,000322

966,78 4239,688 0,001769

3. Nhit ti ring pha tng

Vi qu trnh c c chn khng lin tc, s truyn nhit n nh nn qv = q1 = q2.

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

Nhit ti ring pha dung dch:

4. Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring

q 5% nn sai s c chp nhn (cc thng s c chn ph hp).

6. Din tch b mt truyn nhit

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

B. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C

Tc hi th trong bung bc:

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

Kim tra li Re:

Th tch bung bc:

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

0,4.1,4 2.0,029. sin 60 o.9,5985

chn Dt = 600 mm = 0,6 m theo tiu chun trang 291, [5].

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

Chn dt = 20 mm; dn = 25 mm.

GVHD: ThS. Hong Minh Nam

Nhit ca hi t vo l tD = 142,9 oC, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung t l:

0,00667 0,1 (tho)

1,3747 N/mm2 > Pt = 0,313 N/mm2