BI 1:L P TO

KHUNG NHN

I. CCH NH P T A

TRONG 3D

C 4 cch - cho t a tuy t i x,y,z - cho t a t ng i so v i i m tr c @x,y,z - cho t a tr t ng i so v i i m tr c @p<a,z V i p : hnh chi u kho ng cch t i m mu n v t i i m tr c trong mp XY a : gc t o b i o n th ng mu n v t i tr c x (trong m t ph ng xy) z : t a theo tr c z c a i m mu n v - cho t a c u t ng i so v i i m tr c @L<a<b V i L : chi u di tuy t i c a an mu n v a : gc t o b i o n th ng mu n v t i tr c x (trong m t ph ng XY) b :gc t o b i o n th ng mu n v v i m t ph ng XY (theo tr c z)

II. THAY I GC NHN 1 L nh VPOINT : dng nh i m nhn quan st m hnh 3D , ty vo i m nhn m bi u

t ng t a s c hnh d ng khc nhau. -n u nh p 0, 0, 1 : cho ta hnh chi u b ng -n u nh p 0,-1, 0 : cho ta hnh chi u ng -n u nh p -1, 0, 0 : cho ta hnh chi u c nh -n u nh p 1,-1,1 : cho ta hnh chi u tr c o vung gc u * Ty ch n R (rotate ) cho php nh p gc thay i gc nhn, ph i cho bi t 2 tr s gc l : Gc t tr c x trong mp XY Gc t mp XY ln Ho c dng menu : View > 3dviews > Viewpoint preset Ho c dng menu : View > 3dviews > Vpoint : hi n ln la bn i u khi n - Tm la bn : ph ng nhn t trn th ng gc v i m hnh 3D ng bin vng nh : ph ng nhn song song v i mp XY. ng bin vng l n : gi ng tm nh ng nhn t d i Ho c dng menu : View > 3dviews > top/bottom/left/right/front/back/SW/SE/NE/NW Ho c dng thanh cng c : thanh View 2 L nh PLAN : thi t l p hnh chi u b ng c a v t th theo h tr c no Menu View > 3DView > Plan view : Current UCS : h t a hi n hnh Ucs : h t a m i World : h t a chu n

III. THAY

I H TR C T A

Command: UCS Ho c menu:Tools > New UCS ta s c cc ty ch n : - World : tr v h t a g c ban u - Object : xc nh h t a theo i t ng c s n , * n u l LINE , i m nh p ch n g n u no th u l g c t a Xm i

u kia ch ph

ng tr c

* n u l CIRCLE , tm l g c t a , i m ch n th nh ch ph ng tr c X m i - Face : m t XY c a UCS m i song song v i 1 m t c a v t th 3D Next l chuy n sang b m t k ti p Xflip : i h ng tr c X - Yflip : i h ng tr c Y - View : UCS m i c mp XY song song v i mn hnh, g c khng thay i - Nh p X,Y ho c Z : quay HT quanh tr c X ho c Y ho c Z m t gc no - Zaxis : thay i chi u m i c a tr c Z - 3points : xc nh HT m i theo 3 i m :xc nh HT m i theo 3 i m * i m 1 : g c m i- * i m 2 : tr c X m i , * i m 3 : tr c Y m i - Previous : tr v HT c - Save : l u l i h t a hi n hnh , t tn - Restore : ph c h i l i HT t tn

IV. M HNH 3D 2 CHI U

B ng cch thay i THICKNESS c a i t ng 2D theo tr c Z ln m t cao ch nh . M hnh ny ch c cc c nh v cc m t bn xung quanh, khng c ph n th tch bn trong. (dng l nh Hide che nt khu t s r i u ny) Ngoi ra thay i gi tr bi n ELEVATION l thay i cao c a i t ng 2D so v i m t ph ng XY, Khi gi tr hi n hnh c a bi n ELEVATION khc 0 th m t ph ng lm vi c s n m song song v i mp xy v cch mp ny m t kh ang b ng gi tr c a bi n ELEVATION Ch : Cc i t ng c th ko thnh m t 3D g m c : line, arc , circle, donut, pline, 2dsolid, pline c chi u r ng ng trn, donut ko t o thnh cc m t kn. Pline c chi u r ng v 2d solid ko t o thnh cc m t kn.

V. M HNH 3D KHUNG DY
L m hnh ch c cc c nh khung (edges) c t o ra b i cc l nh LINE, 3DPOLY, SPLINE, CIRCLE , ARC..M hnh ny khng th t bng ho c che nt khu t Ch : L nh line, move, copy th c hi n c v i m i i m trong khng gian L nh pline, circle, arc , fillet , chamfer, trim, offset, break yu c u mp v ph i trng v i mp xy c a h t a . L nh Bhatch : yu c u m t ph ng v ph i trng v i m t ph ng XY c a h t a .

Bi 2: 3D M T CHU N & 3D M T L I A GIC

i t ng n Command : 3DF, ho c menu Draw > Surfaces > 3Dface , ho c thanh cng c Surface Cch dng : l n l t t o xc nh cc i m t o nn m t (c 3 i m ho c 4 i m th enter ch p nh n 1 m t) khng xu t hi n c nh c a mp : tr c khi t o c nh t i dng nh c ta nh p I v t bi n SULFRAME=0 xu t hi n c nh l i c a mp : t bi n SULFRAME = 1

1. L nh 3DFACE : t o ra cc m t 3D c 4 ho c 3 c nh . M i m t t o ra l 1

che ho c hi n cc c nh c a 1 m t t o b i l nh 3DFACE Command : EDGE Select edge : ch n c nh c n che , n u che nhi u c nh th ch n lin t c, enter k t thc. Display (select/<all>) : lm hi n ln cc c nh b che khu t (hi n t t c nh n Enter)

2. L nh EDGE : dng

3. CC M T 3D CHU N
Ta c 9 l ai m t 3D chu n , l : Box(hnh h p), Pyramid ( a di n), Wedge(hnh nm), Dome(chm c u : 1/2 c u trn), Dish ( a : 1/2 c u d i), Sphere (m t c u), Cone(m t nn), Torus (m t xuy n), Mesh (m t l i) Ta dng cc nt l nh trn thanh cng c Surfaces Ho c menu Draw > Surfaces > 3D Surfaces ..-> hi n h p th ai 3D Objects Ho c Command: 3D v i cc ty ch n : [Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: Box : v m t hnh h p, Command : _ai_box Specify corner point of box: => G c c a y hnh ch nh t Specify length of box: => Chi u di hnh h p Specify width of box or [Cube]: => Chi u r ng hnh h p (nh p C n u mu n v h p vung) Specify height of box: => Chi u cao hnh h p Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference]: => Gc quay tnh t tr c x Cone : v m t hnh nn, hnh chp Command: _ai_cone Specify center point for base of cone:tm c a y hnh nn Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]:bn knh y Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] <0>:n u khc 0 ta c hnh nn c t, n u =0 ta c hnh nn Specify height of cone: xc nh chi u cao hnh nn Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16>: s m t t o nn PYRAMID : hnh a di n, m t l cc m t tam gic ho c t gic Command: _ai_pyramid Specify first corner point for base of pyramid: xc nh 1 i m c a y Specify second corner point for base of pyramid : xc nh i m th 2 c a y Specify third corner point for base of pyramid: nh i m th 3 c a y Specify fourth corner point for base of pyramid or [Tetrahedron]: nh i m th 4 c a y hay p T n u y l m t ph ng tam gic v nh p nh c a a di n Ridge / top : p R n u mu n nh l m t c nh ( xc nh 2 i m c a c nh ) Ho c p t n u nh l 1 m t tam gic ho c t gic ta ph i ch ra cc nh trn WEDGE : v m t hnh nm (gi ng c a h p ch nh t) Command: _ai_wedge Specify corner point of box: G c c a y hnh nm Specify length : Chi u di hnh nm Specify width : Chi u r ng hnh nm Specify height : Chi u cao hnh nm Specify rotation angle about the Z axis : gc quay quanh tr c // tr c Z

TORUS : v m t xuy n Command: _ai_torus Specify center point of torus: tm c a hnh xuy n Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: bn knh hnh xuy n (d: Specify radius of tube : bn knh c a ng Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16>: s Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16>: s SPHERE : v m t hnh c u Command: _ai_shere Xc nh tm c a hnh c u Xc nh bn knh hnh c u Nh p s an theo kinh tuy n Nh p s an theo v tuy n DISH / DOME: v m t n a c u d Command: _ai_cone / _ai_dome Xc nh tm c a hnh Xc nh bn knh hnh Nh p s an theo kinh tuy n Nh p s an theo v tuy n i/ trn

ng knh) an trn m t ng an trn chu vi m t xuy n

4. M T L

I A GIC

EDGESURF: v m t th m t o thnh t 4 ng c cc nh trng nhau Select object 1 for surface edge: ch n c nh 1 , xc nh chi u theo M (s ng theo h ng ny quy nh b i bi n surftab1) Select object 2 for surface edge: ch n c nh 2 , xc nh chi u theo N (s ng theo h ng ny quy nh b i bi n surftab2) Select object 3 for surface edge: ch n c nh 3 Select object 4 for surface edge: ch n c nh 4 REVSURF : t o m t trn xoay b ng cch quay 1 i t ng 2d (path curve) xung quanh 1 tr c (axis revilution) Ch n i t ng: ch n ng , cung , vng trn hay a tuy n 2 ho c 3D Gc b t u <0>: nh p gi tr hay nh n ENTER Xc nh ga xoay trn c a i t ng (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: Xc nh tr c xoay: Ch n 1 ng lm tr c xoay. Bi n SURFTAB1 & SURFTAB2 qui nh s ng theo kinh tuy n v v tuy n ng bin c ch n. RULESURF : t o m t k gi a 2 Select first defining curve: xc nh ng bin 1 Select second defining curve: xc nh ng bin 2 M t l i (s cc ng k ) xc nh b i bi n SURFTAB1 ng chu n (path curve) d c theo vect TABSURF : t o m t l i tr theo hnh d ng c a nh h ng (direction vector). M t l i (s ng sinh ) nh b ng bi n SURFTAB1 Select object for path curve: ch ra ng chu n c th l line, arc, circle, 2dpline, 3dpline,

lip) Select object for direction vector: ch n 2 i m c a 1

ng lm vect

nh h

ng

3DMESH : t o m t l i a gic 3 chi u b ng cch cho s nh theo 2 h ng M v N v t a m i nh (gi i h n l 256 nh) Enter size of mesh in M direction: s nh theo h ng M Enter size of mesh in N direction: s nh theo h ng N Vertex (0, 0): t a nh 0,0 Vertex (0, 1): t a nh 0,1 (ti p t c cho n) Vertex (0, N-1): t a nh 0, N-1 Vertex (1, 0) cho n Vertex (1, N-1).... Vertex (M-1, 0) cho n Vertex (M-1, N1) PFACE : t o l i a gic b ng cch xc nh cc nh c a n v t h p cc nh ny ta c nhi u m t ph ng (polyface ) . M t l i d ng ny l t p h p cc m t ph ng tam gic

Bi 3:CC L NH H

TR CHO V 3D
L NH ROTATE3D : quay cc i

t ng 3d xung quanh 1 tr c Sau khi ch n cc i t ng c n xoay ta s ch n tr c xoay , tr c xoay c th l cc ty ch n sau : 2 points : tr c quay i qua 2 i m ch n 1 v 2 . Chi u d ng gc xoay theo ng c chi u kim ng h nhn t i m 2 xu ng i m 1 Object : tr c xoay l 1 i t ng 2d : line (tr c chnh l o n th ng) , arc ho c circle (tr c i qua tm v vung gc v i m t ph ng ch a cung ho c vng trn) Last : tr c quay l tr c l nh ROTATE3D dng l n tr c View : l tr c vung gc v i mn hnh v i qua i m ta ch n Xaxis : tr c quay // tr c X v i qua i m ta ch n Yaxis/Zaxis : tr c quay // tr c Y ( ho c Z) v i qua i m ta ch n Ti p theo ta nh p tr s gc xoay : L NH MIRROR3D: t o i t ng m i i x ng v i i t ng s n c qua m t m t ph ng i x ng Sau khi ch n cc i t ng c n l y i x ng ta s ch n m t ph ng i x ng b ng cch ch n 1 trong cc ty ch n sau : 3 points : mp i x ng c xc nh b i 3 i m Object : mp i x ng l mp i qua i t ng c ch n (ta ch n cung , ng trn ho c ng th ng) Last : s d ng l i mp i x ng l nh MIRROR3D dng l n tr c View : mp i x ng l mp song song v i mn hnh v i qua i m ta ch n

 XY/YZ/ZX : mp i x ng song song v i mp XY(ho c YZ/ZX)v i qua m t i m m ta xc nh Ti p theo c dng nh c h i ta c mu n xa cc i t ng ban u hay khng ? (Y/N) L NH 3DARRAY : dng sao chp cc i t ng ra dy d ng hnh ch nh t (rectangular: hng *c t*l p) ho c n m xung quanh m t ng tm(polar) D ng hng * c t * l p : sau khi ch n i t ng xong nh n R-> cho bi t s hng -> cho bi t s c t -> cho bi t s l p/ sau nh p kho ng cch u cc l p, cc hng v cc c t D ng Polar : sau khi ch n i t ng xong nh n P-> xc nh tm dy -> xc nh s -t ng c a dy v gc i n y c a dy

L NH ALIGN : dng s p x p cc i t ng 3d trong khng gian 3 chi u ( k t h p v a di chuy n v a quay ) Sau khi ch n i t ng xong Specify first source point: ch n i m ngu n (1) Specify first destination point: ch n i m d i n (2) Specify second source point: ch n i m ngu n (3) Specify second destination point: ch n i m d i n (4) Specify third source point: ch n i m ngu n (5) Specify third destination point: ch n i m d i n (6) * T O KHUNG NHN NG : Khung nhn ng n m khng gian gi y (layout) . Khung nhn ng c v tr b t k trn gi y v c th x p ch ng ln nhau . Dng l nh MVIEW t o cc khung nhn ng ( ho c menu View ch n Viewports) t oc as ng ta theo cc b c sau y : 1. Chuy n qua khng gian gi y (ch n layout tab). 2. Xa b c a s ng mace nh v a hi n ra 2. T menu View, ch n Viewports. R i ch n New Viewports. 3. trong c a s Viewports ch n New Viewports tab, ch n ki u s p x p cc c a s nh b ng k 4. Bn d i Setup, ch n 2D hay 3D. (Khi ch n 3d m i c a s s hi n hnh chi u tr c o) 5. Bn d i Viewport Spacing, xc nh kho ng cch gi a cc c a s 6. Ch n OK. 7. Trong vng gi y ch n 2 i m gi i h n c a cc c a s ho c ch n Fit ph y t gi y

* CC PH

NG TH C I U KHI N HI N TH CC L P TRONG

KHNG GIAN GI Y
ng hay lm tan l p trong c a s hi n hnh 1. T menu Format, Ch n Layer. 2. Trong c a s Layer Properties Manager, ch n l p freeze ho c thaw and Ch n Show Details. 3. Ch n (ho c b ch n) Freeze in Current Viewport. 4. Ch n OK. - xem li t k cc l p b ng trong c a s hi n hnh 1. Ch n tab layout. . 2. Double-click vo c a s ng cho n hi n hnh. 3. T menu Format, Ch n Layer. 4. h p tho i Layer Properties Manager, nhn vo c t Current VP Freeze xem icon v bi t c tnh tr ng Freeze/Thaw c a cc l p . 5. Ch n OK. - lm ng cc l p trong m i c a s 1. Ch n tab layout. 2. Double-click vo m t c a s ng n hi n hnh 3. T menu Format, Ch n Layer. 4. Trong c a s Layer Properties Manager, Ch n Show Details. 5. Ch n m t l p. Nh n SHIFT ch n thm cc l p ta mu n. 6. Bn d i Details, ch n Freeze in All Viewports. - lm ng hay tan cc l p trong c a s s t o m i 1. Ch n tab layout. 2. T menu Format, Ch n Layer. 3. Trong c a s Layer Properties Manager, ch n cc l p m ta mu n t ng ng ho c tan trong cc c a s ng s p t o m i. 4. c t th 7, New VP Freeze in New Viewports, click vo bi u t ng thay i tr ng thi l p. (m t tr i l tan, c c tuy t l ng) 5. Ch n OK - t o l p m i m s b ng trong m i c a s 1. Ch n tab layout. 2. T menu Format, Ch n Layer. 3. Ch n New, v nh p tn cho l p m i 4. Ch n Show Details. 5. Bn d i Detail ta ch n Freeze in All Viewports. 6. Ch n OK. Ho c c th dng l nh VPLAYER: l nh ny lm cho cc l p c th hi n th trong c a s ng ny v khng hi n th trong c a s ng L nh VPLAYER ch c th dng c khi ta trong khng gian gi y ( tab layout) cc ty ch n c a l nh nh sau : Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt - Freeze : lm ng 1 ho c nhi u l p trn 1 ho c nhi u viewport - Thaw : lm tan 1 ho c nhi u l p trn 1 ho c nhi u viewport - Reset: t l i ng /tan m c nh cho cc c a s s t o m i - Newfrz : t o l p m i v l p ny ng c ng trong m i viewport - Vpvisdflt: thay i gi tr m c nh v s hi n th cho l p trong m t c a s m i Ch : trong m i c a s ta c th nh cho chng c cc t l so v i t gi y gi ng nhau b ng cch dng l nh ZOOM, nh p gi tr t l + xp, v d : 0.5xp, 0.02xp.

Bi 4. T O M HNH KH I R N

L NH REGION Mi n l v t th r n khng c kh i l ng. t o m t mi n ta v m t a tuy n kn sau dng l nh Region t o mi n Command : REGION -ch n i t ng c n t o mi n - ti p t c ch n sau Enter Ta c th c ng v tr cc mi n t o ra cc mi n m i C ng mi n : dng l nh UNION Tr mi n : dng l nh SUBTRACT

I/ L NH T O CC KH I R N C S
Command BOX: v kh i h p ch nh t 1. Trn menu Draw, click Solids -> Box. 2. Ch n i m g c th nh t c a ng cho kh X) 3. Ch n i m g c i di n c a ng cho kh 4. Xc nh chi u cao (Nh p C khi mu n t o kh i l p ph ng) Command WEDGE: v kh i hnh nm 1. Trn menu Draw, click Solids > Wedge. 4. Ch n i m g c th nh t c a ng cho kh X) 5. Ch n i m g c i di n c a ng cho kh 5. Xc nh chi u cao Command CONE : v kh i hnh nn - Kh i nn c y l vng trn 1. Trn menu Draw, click Solids > Cone. 2. nh tm c a y hnh trn 3. cho biet bn knh c a y hnh rn. 4. Nh p cao hnh nn. - Kh i nn c y l hnh ellipse 1. Trn menu Draw, click Solids > Cone. 2. Nh p e (Elliptical). 3. Ch n i m cu i c a 1 tr c. 4. Ch n i m th 2 c a tr c . 5. Nh p chi u di tr c cn l i 6. Nh p chi u cao c a hnh nn r i Enter.

i (ho c nh p L r i ch ra chi u di theo tr c i (ho c nh p chi u r ng theo tr c Y)

i (ho c nh p L r i ch ra chi u di theo tr c i (ho c nh p chi u r ng theo tr c Y)

Command CYLINDER T o ra hnh tr y trn 1. Trn menu Draw, click Solids >Cylinder. 2. Xc nh tm hnh tr 3. Nh p bn knh y. 4. Nh p chi u cao.

Command SPHERE : T o ra v t th r n hnh c u - Trn menu Draw, click Solids > Sphere. - Xc nh tm hnh c u - Nh p bn knh hnh c u Command TORUS : T o ra v t th r n hnh xuy n 1. Trn menu Draw, click Solids >Torus. 2. Xc nh tm hnh xuy n 3. Nh p bn knh hnh xuy n. 4. Nh p bn knh c a ng

L NH EXTRUDE : Dng ko cc hnh 2D theo tr c Z thnh m t kh i r n 3D . Cc i t ng c th ko c bao g m : pline kn, polygon, circle, ellipse, spline kn, donut, region. Command Extrude : ? Ch n cc i t ng 2D , cc i t ng ny n m trong mp xy ? Cho bi t chi u cao theo tr c Z ? Gc nghing : gc c m t solid s c t o v i mp vung gc v i mp XY ** Ho c c th ch n P (path) y m t 2D theo 1 ng d n m t o ra 3D L NH REVOLVE : t o kh i r n trn xoay C th revolve ng pline kn, polygons, circles, ellipses, spline kn, donuts, and regions. Khng th revole i t ng c ch a kh i. Nh ng a tuy n b c t ngang hay t c t nhau s khng c revole. Ch c th revolve 1 l n. Dng quy t c bn tay ph i xc nh chi u c a gc quay. Trn menu Draw, click Solids -> Revolve. - Ch n i t ng revolve. - xc nh i m u v i m cu i c a ttr c xoay. Chi u d ng c a tr c l chi u t i m u n i m cu i. - xc nh gc xoay L NH UNION : T o v t th r n ph c h p t 2 hay nhi u v t th r n c s n. * Trn menu Modify, click Solids Editing > Union. * Ch n cc kh i r n mu n c ng l i thnh v t th ph c h p * Enter ta s c v t th r n m i

L NH SUBTRACT : k t h p cc kh i r n b ng php tr 1. Trn menu Modify, click Solids Editing -> Subtract. 2. Ch n cc kh i r n b tr r i ENTER 3. Ch n cc kh i r n mu n tr . L NH INTERSECT : Tm ra ph n giao nhau c a cc kh i r n 1. Trn menu Modify, click Solids Editing ->Intersect. 2. Ch n m t kh i r n c a vng giao. 3. Ch n cc kh i r n khc c a vng giao. Enter that l nh ta s c kh i r n m i l giao c a cc kh i r n trn.

II/ CC BI N HI N TH C A SOLID
* ISOLINES : s ng bi u di n m t c a Solid khi hi n th d ng khung dy (wireframe) C gi tr thay i t 0 n 2047

* DISPSILH: Khi bi n ny b ng 1 th m hnh khung dy ch hi n ln cc ny b ng 0

ng vi n. Khi v ta

t bi n

l i cc m t c a solid * FACETRES: m t khi th c hi n cc l nh HIDE, SHADE v RENDER. C gi tr thay

i t 0.01 to 10.0.

Bi 5. HIEU CHNH MO HNH KHOI RAN

Cc l nh c a 2D nh : trim, extend, break, explode, stretch, offset, pedit. : khng s d ng c cho cc solid
L NH CHAMFER: 1. Trn menu Modify , click Chamfer. 2. Ch n c nh c a solid c n vt mp (1). 3. Ch n m t c nh c a solid nh m t chu n, m t ny hi n ln ng nt khu t . v c nh l giao tuy n c a hai m t, do n u ng m t hi n ln ng khu t th ta nh n Enter, cn

khng nh p N (next) ch n m t cn khc 4. Nh p kh ang cch vt trn m t chu n ny. 5. Nh p kh ang cch vt trn m t k v i m t chu n. 6. Ch n c nh trn m t chu n vt (2). 7. N u ch n Loop s vt t t c cc c nh c a m t chu n L NH FILLET : dng t o gc l n cho giao tuy n lm v bo trn cho giao tuy n l i , ta dng chung l nh ny v i 2D . 1. T menu Modify ch n Fillet. 2. Ch n c nh c a v t r n fillet (1). 3. Xc nh bn knh fillet . 4. Ch n thm c nh fillet n u khng th Enter. * ty ch n CHAIN c tc d ng fillet m t l at cc c nh lin ti p

L NH SLICE : dng c t tch kh i r n thnh 2 kh i r n ring bi t. C th gi l i ho c c hai . Ta xc nh m t ph ng c t b ng cc ty ch n : Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/ 3points t ng t nh ch n mp i x ng trong l nh Mirror. v T menu Draw, ch n Solids > Slice. v Ch n i t ng c t tch. v Xc nh 3 i m c a mp c t. v Ho c nh p cc ty ch n khc xc nh mp c t , sau xc nh i m m mp c t i qua v Xc nh ph gi l i ho c nh p B gi l i c hai.

L NH SECTION : dng t o m t mi n (region ) l giao c a Solid v m t ph ng c t. M t c t ny n m trn l p hi n hnh. v T menu Draw ch n Solids > Section. v Ch n i t ng mu n t o m t c t v Xc nh m/p c t v i m m m/p c t i qua ***C th dng cc l nh copy , move cho m t c t v at o L nh SOLIDEDIT : dng hi u ch nh cc m t c a solid Vo menu Modify ch n Solids Editing Command line: SOLIDEDIT Ta c cc ty ch n sau : [Extrude/Move/Rotate/ Rotate /Taper/Delete/Copy/coLor/Undo/eXit] <eXit>: Extrude : n m t m t ch n trn m t solid, ta c n nh p m t ng d n th ch n P cao v gc tp , n u n theo

MOVE : di chuy n 1 m t t v tr ny sang v tr khc

ROTATE : xoay m t OFFSET: di d i

oc ch n m t gc ng bin c a 1 m t

lm thay

i hnh d ng 3d

Ngoi ra ta cn c th : Taper (lm tp m t trn c a 1 m t ), Delete (xa b 1 m t) , Copy : (sao chp m t) , Color (thay i mu s c c a m t)

Bi 6. PHAN TCH CAC AC TNH CUA KHOI

RAN
Lenh 1)TNH KH I L NG V T TH R N : MASSPROP Select objects:ch n i t ng MASSPROP hi n th c tnh kh i l ng m t c a s v n b n, v h i ta c vi t thnh m t file hay khng ? 2) TM CC MI N GIAO NHAU : L nh INTERFERE gip ta tm ph n giao nhau c a 2 hay nhi u solid, khc v i l nh intersect l cc solid ta ch n khng b m t i 3) L NH SOLPROF :dng t o cc hnh chi u 2D t m hnh 3D. Tr c khi dng l nh ny, ta nn lm cc b c sau : y M ho c t o m hnh 3 chi u trn m t l p ring, v d l p 3D y Chuy n qua khng gian gi y v (nh p layout tab, ho c tilemode = 1) y Xa b c a s ng m c nh, t o ra 4 c/s ng b ng menu View > viewports > 4 viewports y Chuy n qua khng gian m hnh trong m i c/s, v thi t l p cc hnh chi u t ng ng cho m i c a s (h/c t tr c, h/c t trn, h/c t tri, hnh 3d). y Zoom ch nh cho t l *xp c a cc cc c/s ny b ng nhau v canh ch nh hng t ng ng cc hnh chi u y Load d ng ng Hidden vo b n v b ng l nh Linetype y Dng l nh Solprof l n l t t o cc ng bao v ng khu t cho t ng hnh chi u trong cc viewport y ng b ng l p ch a m hnh solid (l p 3D) y T o thm 1 l p khung bao c tnh ch t b ng (freeze) Cho cc khung c a c/s ng i vo l p khung bao ny . N u ng nt Hidden khnghi n ra, ta ch nh Linetype Scale ( h p th ai Linetype Manager) 4) L NH SOLVIEW :T o cc khung nhn ng v i cc hnh chi u vung gc , hnh chi u ph ho c hnh c t c a cc kh i r n UCS : t o thm hnh chi u t UCS l Current, World, Name (ucs t tn) ho c Ortho Auxiliary : hnh chi u ph b ng cch ch n 3 i m (2 i m u ch m t chi u , i m th 3 l tia chi u) Section : t o ra hnh c t

L nh solview s t o ra cc l p c tn nh sau : 5) L NH SOLDRAW : T o cc bin d ng v m t c t t cc khung nhn t o b i l nh SOLVIEW tr c . Cc ng khu t v ng th y c chi u ln mp vung gc v i h ng quan st. Cc ng c t t o ra nh cc bi n HPNAME (tn m u m t c t), HPSCALE (t l m u), HPANG (gc nghing m u)

Bi 7. HNH PH I C NH & T BNG M HNH KH I R N

1) QUAN ST B NG L NH DVIEW: Select object : n u t i dng ny p Enter s xu t hi n m c nhin 1 ngi nh, cc ty ch n ti p theo nh sau : CAmera/TArget/Distance/POints/PAn/Zoom/TWist/CLip/Hide/Off/Undo]: CAmera ( i u ch nh ng knh): quay ng knh xung quanh m c tiu, kho ng cch t ng knh t i m c tiu l khng i, nh p gc camera so v i mp XY( ln xu ng theo Z) v gc quay so v i tr c X trong mp XY TArget ( i u ch nh m c tiu) : quay m c tiu xung quanh ng knh, kho ng cch t m c tiu t i ng knh l khng i, nh p gc m c tiu so v i mp XY( ln xu ng theo Z) v gc quay so v i tr c X trong mp XY Distance (Hnh chi u ph i c nh) : di chuy n camera d c theo tia nhn c hnh chi u ph i c nh. Ta s c 1 th c ngang c con ch y hi n th t l kho ng cch , t l cng l n th kho ng cch cng xa v hnh cng nh

*Ty ch n khc c a Dview : Point : xc nh l i v tr v kho ng cch quan st b ng cch nh l i t a m i c a m c tiu v camera Zoom:phng to thu nh mn hnh m khng thay i kho ng cch target->camera (xoay ng zoom) Pan : di chuy n ng knh v m c tiu song song v i m t ph ng nhn Twist : quay ng knh quanh tia nhn , nh p gc quay Clip : t hai mp c t vung gc v i tia nhn , tr c v sau i m nhn gi i h n ph m vi nhn th y Hide : che nt khu t khi nhn, khi that Dview th nt khu t xu t hi n l i OFF : chuy n t hnh chi u ph i c nh sang hnh chi u song song 2) QUAN ST B NG L NH 3DORBIT 3dorbit view hi n th m t arcball v i vng trn c chia t i 4 i m (quadrant) b i cc ng trn nh . Tm arcball l m c tiu quan st, di chuy n con tr chu t th khung nhn s quay cho ta khung nhn khc . Cc bi u t ng hi n ra khi ta di chuy n vo ra arcball c ngh a sau : khi di chuy n ra ngoi , v t r n s quay c theo 1 tr c i qua tm v t r n v vung gc v i mn hnh khi di chuy n vo trong s hi n icon ny , c th xoay v t r n quanh m c tiu h ng b t k khi ko chu t vo vng trn nh bn tri ho c ph i arcball, v t r n s quay c quanh ph ng n m ngang mn hnh ko di qua tm

khi ko chu t vo vng trn nh bn trn ho c d i arcball, v t r n s quay c quanh ph ng th ng ng mn hnh ko di qua tm N u b m nt ph i chu t ta s c m t shortcut menu c cc ty ch n khc : Pan : di chuy n cc i t ng trn View theo h ng b t k Zoom : m ph ng nh h ng c a th u knh c tiu c bui n i c a my nh Orbit : tr v orbit mode MORE : Adjust Distance: m ph ng nh h ng di chuy n camera Swivel camera : m ph ng vi c quay camera Continuous orbit : cho php ko i t ng chuy n ng lin t c Adjust clipping plane : g m Front clipping on : t t/m mp c t tr c, Back cliping on : t t m mp c t sau Projection : l a ch n php chi u , paralelle : song song , perspective: ph i c nh Shading modes: t bng theo cc ph ng th c khc nhau Visual aids: cng c h tr d hnh dung bao g m compass, grid v UCS icon 3) T BNG B NG L NH SHADE Ph ln v t th 3D bng c a mu g c v che d u cc nt khu t. N khng nh h ng c a nh sng. Cc tu ch n khi t bng b ng l nh SHADE nh sau : 2D Wireframe. Hi n th i t ng d ng khung dy 3D Wireframe. Hi n th i t ng d ng khung dy, c hi n th bi u t ng t a 3D Hidden. gi ng l nh HIDE (che nt khu t) Flat Shaded. T bng i t ng gi a cc m t a gic. Cc m t ph ng xu t hi n v khng c tr n Gouraud Shaded. T bng i t ng gi a cc m t a gic v lm tr n cc c nh gi a cc m t a gic Flat Shaded, Edges On. Gi ng flat shaded v c hi n th ng vi n cc c nh , c nh c mu n n Gouraud Shaded, Edges On. Gi ng Gouraud Shaded v c hi n th ng vi n cc c nh , c nh c mu n n 4) T BNG B NG L NH RENDER A / TRNH T T BNG M HNH 3D B NG L NH RENDER : T o cc khung nhn b ng l nh VIEW T o v hi u ch nh nh sng b ng l nh LIGHT b ng cch thm vo cc ngu n sng * Distant light (ngu n sng xa) : cc tia sng song song v c ng khng ph thu c vo kho ng cch (nh nh sng m t tr i..) * Point light (ngu n sng t a) : cc tia sng xu t pht t m t i m ( nh nh sng n..) * Spot light (ngu n sng r i) : chi u sng trong ph m vi h p nh nh sng n pin Nh p cc v t li u b ng RMAT , MATLIB * tr c tin ta ch n v t li u c n dng trong th vi n v t li u c s n , Import vo * Sau b m Attatch v g n v t li u ny cho i t ng 3D T o c nh b ng l nh SCENCE : ph i h p view v cc ngu n sng thnh 1 c nh trnh chi u (render), ta ph i t tn cc c nh ny l u l i nh cc tham s li n quan tr ng RPREF -render type : c 3 d ng render, photo real (c bng l, photo raytrace(c ph n chi u) -icon scale : bi u t ng c a nh sng n khi ch a render -ch n c nh (scence) -render quality : ch t l ng render ch n Phong ho c Gouraud

 Ch n c nh (scence) v th c hi n RENDER Sau dng l nh SAVEIMG l u l i thnh t p tin hnh nh (*.bmp, *.tiff..) Mu n xem l i cc hnh l u ta dng l nh REPLAY - n u ch render 1 i t ng ta ch n Query for selection trong c a s render v ch n i t ng - Destination : cho ta ty ch n xu t hi n cu hnh t bng . N u ch n file ta c th xu t li n ra 1 file h a d ng *.bmp, *.tga, ho c *.tiff B/ CC L NH V PHONG C NH : SETUV : chi u cc hnh nh 2D ln cc m t c a m hnh 3D. Cc hnh nh 2d l cc file hnh nh : BMP, TGA,TIFF, JPEG. Khi th c hi n s hi n h p th ai mapping BACKGROUND : t o phong c nh n n cho hnh nh t bng . Cc d ng background bao g m : solid, Gradient, Image v Merge.Ta c th ch nh cc Color, Image, Evironment trn h p tho i ny FOG : t o c nh xa m cho hnh nh t bng LSNEW (Landscape new) : chn vo cc phong c nh nh cy c i , b i cy, ng i cho hnh nh t bng. Phong c nh l m t i t ng c th Move, Copy, Array LSEDIT : hi u ch nh cc phong c nh nh p vo b n v LSLIB: th vi n cc i t ng phong c nh Ch ; ta c th xu t file Autocad cho cc ph n m m khc t bng ch t l ng cao nh : Autovision, 3DSutudio.

Bi 8.T O SLIDE & TRNH CHI U

NH

L nh MSLIDE : Dng l u l i cc vng nhn , c nh nhn v t th 3D thnh m t file hnh nh c ph n m r ng l *.SLD - tr c tin dng l nh View tm ra cc khung nhn v a cho v t th 3D trong khng gian, dng l nh Hide che nt khu t (nn dng thm bi n Dispsilh = 1) - Nh p l nh MSLIDE vo dng l nh, xu t hi n 1 h p th ai ta tm a ch th m c l u file *.SLD L nh VSLIDE : Xem l i cc c nh l u (b ng l nh MSLIDE t o ra tr c ) . M th m c tm n file v a l u v open. Khi xem xong mu n that v mn hnh lm vi c ta nh n R (redraw) I/ T O FILE TRNH CHI U CC SLIDE: - M ch ng trnh NOTEPAD.EXE t o m t file *.scr c n i dung l tn c a t p tin slide m i dng , v d : vslide canh1.sld delay 2000 vslide canh2.sld delay 2000 vslide canh3.sld rscript ch ph i l u tr ng thi all file c a Notepad, nh p tn file c ui l *.scr II/ TRNH CHI U NH : dng l nh SCRIPT , m file *.SCR trnh chi u Nh l nh script ta c th m ph ng chuy n ng c a m t v t th 3D, b ng cch ch p cc view lin t c v i Mslide , sau t o file script nh trn v trnh chi u