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LI NI U
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Ha nhp vi s pht trin chung ca nn kinh t th gii, nn kinh t Vit Nam ang tng bc y mnh pht trin kinh t, x hi Trong , dch v vin thng ang l mt trong nhng ngnh kinh t mi nhn nhm p ng nhu cu trao i thng tin ang tng ln c v s lng ln cht lng. S lng cc nh khai thc vin thng trong v ngoi nc tham gia vo th trng vin thng ngy mt tng, s cnh tranh gia cc nh khai thc ngy cng tr nn cng thng. Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca nn kinh t, c s h tng th cng ngy mt i mi, cc khu nh cao tng ang mc ln ngy mt nhiu hn. Phn ln cc to nh cao tng ny u l vn phng lm vic ca cc cng ty trong v ngoi nc, khch sn, siu th, khu chung c y l ni m nhu cu lin lc rt ln v l nhng khch hng quan trng ca cc nh khai thc vin thng. Vn vng ph v dung lng u rt quan trng v cht lng thoi di dng nh hng trc tip n uy tn ca nh cung cp dch v. V vy c th m bo nhu cu lin lc, p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng c bit l cc khch hng cao cp, cc nh khai thc vin thng ang tng bc tp trung nng cao cht lng vin thng trong cc to nh cao tng. Tuy nhin, do c trng vng ph ca nhng khu vc ny rng hoc tri di theo chiu dc, sng v tuyn t trm BTS bn ngoi ta nh (BTS outdoor macro) b suy hao nhiu khi xuyn qua cc bc tng b tng dn n cng tn hiu khng t yu cu, nn gii php ph sng trong ta nh hin nay c nhiu nh cung cp dch v di ng la chn. Vic xy dng mt h thng ph sng di ng trong cc ta nh ny tr nn cn thit c bit l hai thnh ph ln H Ni v Tp H Ch Minh. Trong bo co Tm hiu h thng ph sng di ng trong ta nh ny, Em s trnh by quy trnh kho st, thit k, kim nh cht lng v vn hnh, bo tr h thng ph sng in thoi di ng cho mt ta nh mu t c th trin khai rng cho cc ta nh cao tng khc.. Bo co c t chc thnh ba chng nh sau: Chng 1: Tng quan v mng GSM Chng 2: Gii php ph sng di ng trong to nh Chng 3: Kho st v thit k h thng ph sng di ng trong to nh Chng 4: Xy dng h thng IBC cho ta nh Kt lun v hng pht trin ti: Phn ny s trnh by cc kt qu t c ca bo co, v mt s hn ch cha khc phc c, t a ra mt s hng pht trin trong tng lai. Do cn nhiu hn ch v trnh v thi gian nn bo co khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca cc thy c v bn c. Em xin chn thnh cm n! H Ni, thng 11, nm 2011 Phan Quang Trung

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THUT NG VIT TT
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A AMPS ARIB B BCCH BCH BER BSC BSS BTS BSIC BCN BLER C CCCH CDMA C/I CPICH CS CSPDN CS-ACELP D DCCH DPCCH DAS E EIRP F FACCH FACH FCCH FDD FDMA

Advanced Mobile Phone System

H thng in thoi di ng tin tin Association Of Radio Industries Lin hip cng nghip v kinh And Business doanh v tuyn Broadcast Control Channel Broadcast Channel Bit Error Ratio Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem Base Tranceiver Station Base Station Indentifization Code Broadband Convergence Network Block Error Rate Common Control Channel Code Division Multiple Access Carrier to Interference Ratio Common Pilot Chanel Circuit Switch Circuit Switched Public Data Network Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Pradiction Dedicated Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Chanel Distributed Antenna System Knh qung b iu khin. Knh qung b T s bit li B iu khin trm gc Phn h trm gc Trm v tuyn gc M nhn dng trm gc Mng hi t bng rng Tc li khi Knh iu khin chung a truy cp chia theo m T s sng mang trn nhiu Knh hoa tiu chung Chuyn mch knh Mng s liu chuyn mch knh cng cng D bo tuyn tnh kch thch theo m i s cu trc phc hp Knh iu khin dnh ring Knh iu khin vt l ring H thng phn phi anten

Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Cng sut pht x ng hng Power Fast Associated Control Channel Forward Access Chanel Frequency Correction Channel Frequency Division Duplex Frequence Division Multiple Access Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh Knh truy nhp ng xung Knh hiu chnh tn s Ghp knh song cng phn chia theo tn s a truy cp phn chia theo tn
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s G GOS GSM GPRS GMSC GGSN GPS H HLR I IMT-2000 IMSI ISDN IBC IBS L LAC LAI LA M MS MSC ME MCC MNC N NAS NSS O OM OCQPSK P PCCH PCH PCS PLMN Grade Of Service Global System for Mobile Communication General Packet Radio Services Gateway Mobile Service Switching Center Gateway GPRS support Node Global Positioning System Home Location Register International Mobile Telecommunication International Mobile Subscriber Identity Integrated Servive Digital Network Inbuilding Coverage Inbuilding Solution Link Access Control Location Area Indentify Location Area Mobile Station Mobile Service Switching Center Mobile Equipment Mobile Country Code Mobile Network Code Non-Access Stratum Network and Switching Subsystem Cp phc v Thng tin di ng ton cu Dch v v tuyn gi chung Trung tm chuyn mch di ng nh hng Node h tr GPRS cng H thng nh v ton cu B nh thng tr Tiu chun thng tin di ng ton cu S nhn dng thu bao di di ng quc t Mng s a dch v Ph sng trong ta nh Gii php ph sng ta nh iu khin truy nhp lin kt Nhn dng vng v tr Vng nh v Trm di ng Tng i di ng Thit b di ng M quc gia M dng di ng Tng khng truy nhp H thng chuyn mch

Operation and Management Khai thc v bo dng Orthogonal complex quadrature Kha chuyn pha vung gc trc Phase Shift Keying giao Paging Control Chanel Paging Channel Personal Communication Services Public Land Mobile Network Knh iu khin tm gi Knh nhn tin Dch v thng tin c nhn Mng di ng mt t cng cng

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PSTN PRACH Q QxLevel R RACH RRC RxLevel RSSI RSCP S SCH SS SGSN SQI T TACH TCH TDMA TDD U UTRAN UMTS W WCDMA WDM

Public Switched Telephone Network Mng chuyn mch thoi cng cng Physical Random Access Channel Knh truy cp ngu nhin vt l RF Signal Quality Random Access Channel Radio Resource Control RF Signal Level Receive Signal Strength Indication Received Signal Code Power Synchronization Channel Switching Subsystem Servicing GPRS Support Node Speech Quality Index Traffic and Associated Channel Traffic Channel Time Division Multiple Access Time Division Duplex Cht lng thu Knh truy cp ngu nhin iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn Mc thu tn hiu Biu th tn hiu thu Cng sut m tn hiu nhn Knh ng b Phn h chuyn mch Node h tr GPRS Cht lng thoi Knh lu lng v lin kt Knh lu lng a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian Ghp song cng phn chia thi gian

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt Network t ton cu Universal Mobile H thng thng tin di ng Telecommunnication System chung Wideband Code Division Multiplex Wavelength Devision Multiplexing a truy cp chia theo m Ghp knh phn chia bc sng

MC LC
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THUT NG VIT TT................................................................................................2


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MC LC.........................................................................................................................4 CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG GSM...............................................................6


1.1 Cc c tnh v dch v ca mng GSM.............................................................................................6 1.2.1 H thng GSM.............................................................................................................................7 1.2.2 H thng con chuyn mch (SS)..................................................................................................8 1.2.3 Trm di ng(MS) ......................................................................................................................9 1.2.4 H thng con BSS.....................................................................................................................10 1.2.5 H thng khai thc v h tr (OSS)...........................................................................................10 1.3 Cu trc a l ca mng GSM.......................................................................................................11 1.4 Cc c trng ca GSM...................................................................................................................11 2.2.3 Phn t bc x..........................................................................................................................21 2.4 Kt lun............................................................................................................................................24

CHNG III: TIN HNH KHO ST V THIT K H THNG PH SNG DI NG TRONG TO NH......................................................................................25
3.6.2 Cc tham s lp k hoch..........................................................................................................36

CHNG IV: XY DNG H THNG IBC CHO TO NH...............................42


4.1 Phn tch kt qu kho st................................................................................................................43 4.2.5 Thit k h thng IBS theo trc ng........................................................................................49 4.2.6 Lp t phng BTS room..........................................................................................................53

THUT NG VIT TT................................................................................................2 MC LC.........................................................................................................................4 CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG GSM...............................................................6


1.1 Cc c tnh v dch v ca mng GSM.............................................................................................6 1.2.1 H thng GSM.............................................................................................................................7 1.2.2 H thng con chuyn mch (SS)..................................................................................................8 1.2.3 Trm di ng(MS) ......................................................................................................................9

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1.2.4 H thng con BSS.....................................................................................................................10 1.2.5 H thng khai thc v h tr (OSS)...........................................................................................10 1.3 Cu trc a l ca mng GSM.......................................................................................................11 1.4 Cc c trng ca GSM...................................................................................................................11 2.2.3 Phn t bc x..........................................................................................................................21 2.4 Kt lun............................................................................................................................................24

CHNG III: TIN HNH KHO ST V THIT K H THNG PH SNG DI NG TRONG TO NH......................................................................................25
3.6.2 Cc tham s lp k hoch..........................................................................................................36

CHNG IV: XY DNG H THNG IBC CHO TO NH...............................42


4.1 Phn tch kt qu kho st................................................................................................................43 4.2.5 Thit k h thng IBS theo trc ng........................................................................................49 4.2.6 Lp t phng BTS room..........................................................................................................53

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG GSM 1.1 Cc c tnh v dch v ca mng GSM T cc khuyn ngh ca GSM ta c th tng hp nn cc c tnh ch yu sau: S lng cc dch v v tin ch cho cc thu bao c trong thng tin thoi v s liu ln. S tng thch ca cc dch v trong GSM vi cc dch v ca mng c sn (PSTN-ISDN) bi cc giao din theo tiu chun chung. T ng cp nht v tr cho mi thu bao di ng. linh hot cao nh s dng cc u cui thng tin di ng khc nhau nh my xch tay, my cm tay t trn t. S dng bng tn s 900MHz vi hiu qu cao nh s kt hp gia TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) vi FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). Gii quyt s hn ch dung lng nhi vic s dng li tn s tt hn. Cc dch v c tiu chun GSM: Cc dch v thoi: Chuyn hng cc cuc gi v iu kin, cuc gi khi thu bao di ng bn v khng bn, cuc gi khi khng n c MS, cuc gi khi nghn v tuyn. Cm tt c cc cuc gi i, cuc gi ra quc t, cuc gi ra quc t tr cc nc PLMN thng tr, cuc gi n khi lu ng ngoi nc c PLMN thng tr. Gi cuc gi, i gi, chuyn tip cuc gi.
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Hon thnh cc cuc gi n cc thu bao bn. Nhm v s dng khp kn, dch v ba pha, thng bo cc ph. Dch v in thng khng tr cc. Nhn dng s ch gi, s thoi c ni, cuc gi him th. Cc dch v s liu: Truyn dn s liu. Dch v bn tin ngn, hp th thoi. Pht qung b trong cell.

1.2 Cu trc mng GSM


Cc khi chnh trong mng GSM:

OSS: H thng khai thc v h tr BSS: H thng trm gc AUC: Trung tm nhn thc BSC: i iu khin trm gc HLR: B ghi nh v thng tr OMC: Trung tm khai thc v bo dng SS: H thng chuyn mch PSPDN: Mng chuyn mch gi cng cng VLR: B ghi nh v tm tr EIR: Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b BTS: i v tuyn gc ISDN: Mng s lin kt a dch v MS: My di ng PLMN: Mng di ng mt t cng cng MSC: Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng PSDN: Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng CSPDN: Mng s liu chuyn mch knh cng cng

Hnh 1.1: S cu trc mng GSM 1.2.1 H thng GSM H thng ny c chia thnh h thng chuyn mch SS v h thng trm gc BSS, mi h thng ny c mt s chc nng ti thc hin tt c cc chc nng ca h thng. V nhng khi chc nng ny c thc hin cc thit b khc nhau. H thng c thc hin nh mt mng gm nhiu cell v tuyn cnh nhau cng m bo ton
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b vng ph sng ca vng phc v. Mi cell mt trm v tuyn gc BTS lm vic mt tp hp cc knh vo tuyn. Cc knh ny khc vi cc knh c s dng cc cell ln cn trnh nhiu giao thoa. Mt b iu khin trm gc BSC s iu khin mt nhm BTS. BSC iu khin cc chc nng nh chuyn giao v iu khin cng sut. Mt MSC (trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng) phc v mt s b iu khin trm gc, MSC iu khin cc cuc gi ti v i t mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng PSTN, mng s lin kt a dch v ISDN, mng di ng mt t cng cng PLMN v cc mng s liu cng cng PSDN, v c th l cc mng ring. Cc khi ni trn u tham gia vo vic ni thng gia mt trm di ng MS v mt thu bao di ng PSDN. Nu khng th thc hin mt cuc gi n MS ta s thng cn bt c mt thit b no khc. Vn ny sinh khi ta mun thc hin mt cuc gi kt cui MS, ngi gi hu nh khng bit MS c gi u. V th cn mt s c s d liu mng theo di MS. C s d liu quan trng nht l b ng k thng tr HLR. Khi mt thu bao di ng mua mt ng k t mt hng khai thc GSM, thu bao di ng ny s c ng k HLR ca hng ny. HLR cha cc thng tin v thu bao nh cc dch v b xung v cc tn s nhn thc, quyn thm nhp ca thu bao, cc dch v m thu bao ng k, cc s liu ng v vng m ang cha thu bao ca n (Roaming), trong HLR cn to bo hiu s 7 trn giao din vi MSC. Ngoi ra s c thng tin v v tr ca MS tc l hin thi v tr ca MS u thuc MSC no. Thng tin ny thay i khi MS di ng. MS s gi thng tin v v tr thng qua MSC/HLR n HLR ca mnh, nh vy m bo phng tin thu mt cuc gi. 1.2.2 H thng con chuyn mch (SS) H thng con chuyn mch (SS): bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh ca GSM cng nh cc c s d liu cn thit cho s liu thu bao v qun l di ng ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca SS l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng mng GSM vi nhau v vi mng khc. MSC thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh, nhim v chnh ca MSC l iu phi vic thit lp cuc gi n nhng thu bao ca GSM, mt mt MSC giao tip vi h thng con BSS v mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi qua G-MSC. Khi SS cng cn giao tip vi mng ngoi s dng kh nng truyn ti ca cc mng ny cho vic truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng hay bo hiu gi cc phn t ca mng GSM. Chng hn SS c th s dng mng bo hiu knh chung s 7, mng ny m bo hot ng tng tc gia cc phn t ca SS trong mt hay nhiu mng GSM. MSC thng l mt tng i ln iu khin v qun l mt s cc b iu khin trm gc BSC. Mt tng i MSC thch hp cho mt vng th v ngoi c dn c vo khong mt triu (vi mt thu bao trung bnh). Khi IWF: kt ni MSC vi mt s mng khc cn phi thch ng cc c im truyn dn ca GSM vi cc mng ny. Cc thch ng ny gi l chc nng tng tc IWF. IWF bao gm mt thit b thch ng giao thc v truyn dn. IWF c th thc hin trong cng chc nng MSC hay c th thit b ring, trng hp hai giao tip gia MSC v IWF c m. Khi HLR:
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Gi cc thng tin lin quan ti vic cung cp cc dch v vin thng khng ph thuc vo v tr hin thi ca thu bao v cha cc thng tin v v tr hin thi ca thu bao. Thng HLR l mt my tnh ng ring khng c kh nng chuyn mch nhng c kh nng qun l hng trm ngn thu bao. Mt chc nng con ca HLR l nhn dng trung tm nhn thc thu bao AUC. Khi trung tm nhn thc AUC: c ni n HLR chc nng ca AUC l cung cp cho HLR cc tn s nhn thc v cc kho mt m s dng cho bo mt. ng v tuyn cng c AUC cung cp m bo mt chng nghe trm, m ny c thay i ring bit cho tng thu bao c s d liu ca AUC cn ghi nhiu thng tin cn thit khc v thu bao v phi c bo v chng mi thm nhp tri php. B ghi nh v tm tr VLR: L mt c s d liu cha thng tin v tt c cc MS hin ang vng phc v ca MSC. Mi MSC c VLR. Ngay c khi MS lu ng vo mt vng MSC mi. VLR lin kt vi MSC s yu cu s liu v MS t HLR. ng thi HLR s c thng bo rng MS ang vng MSC no. Nu sau MS mun thc hin mt cuc gi, VLR s c tt c cc thng tin cn thit thit lp mt cuc gi m khng cn hi HLR c th coi VLR nh mt HLR phn b. VLR cha thng tin chnh xc hn v v tr MS vng MSC. Tng i di ng cng GMSC: Tt c cc cuc gi vo cho mng GSM /PLMN s c nh tuyn cho tng i v tuyn cng Gateway-MSC. Nu ngi no mng c nh PSTN mun thc hin mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng ca mng GSM. Tng i ti PSTN s kt ni cuc gi ny n MSC c trang b mt chc nng c gi l chc nng cng. Tng i MSC ny gi l MSC cng v n c th l mt MSC bt k mng GSM. GMSC s phi tm ra v tr ca MS cn tm. iu ny c thc hin bng cch hi HLR ni MS ng k. HLR s tr li khi MSC ny c th nh tuyn li cuc gi n MSC cn thit. Khi cuc gi n MSC ny, VLR s bit chi tit hn v v tr ca MS. Nh vy c th ni thng mt cuc gi GSM c s khc bit gia thit b vt l v ng k thu bao. 1.2.3 Trm di ng(MS) MS l mt u cui di ng, c th t trn t hay xch tay. Ti GSM c mt khi nh gi l modun nhn dng thu bao SIM, l mt khi vt l tch ring chng hn l mt IC Card cn gi l card thng minh SIM cung vi thit b trm hp thnh trm di ng. Khng c SIM, MS khng th thm nhp n mng tr trng hp gi khn. Khi lin kt ng k thu bao vi card SIM ch khng phi vi MS. ng k thu bao c th c th s dng trm MS khc nh ca chnh mnh. iu ny lm ny sinh vn MS b ly cp, v khng c bin php chn ng k thu bao nu b ly cp th khi s cn mt c s d liu cha s liu phn cng ca thit b: thanh ghi nhn dng thit b EIR (nhng hin nay Vit Nam th ngi ta khng dng thit b ny na bi v khi c EIR th n yu cu my c ch tiu cht lng tt. Do kinh t th trng th khng phi ai cng c th mua mt my c cht lng t yu cu ). EIR c ni Vi MSC qua mt ng bo hiu. N cho php MSC kim tra s hp l ca thit b. Bng cch ny c th cho mt MS khng c thm nhp.

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1.2.4 H thng con BSS L mt h thng c th ring cho tnh cht t ong v tuyn ca GSM. BSS giao din trc tip vi cc trm di ng MS thng qua giao din v tuyn, v th n bao gm cc thit b thu pht ng v tuyn v qun l cc chc nng ny. Mt khc BSS thc hin giao din vi cc tng i SS. Tm la, BSS thc hin u ni cc MS vi tng i v nh vy u ni nhng ngi s dng cc trm di ng vi nhng ngi s dng vin thng khc BSS cng phi c iu khin, do n c u ni vi OSS. BSS bao gm hai loi thit b: BTS giao din vi MS v BSC giao din vi MSC. Khi BTS: Mt BTS gm cc thit b thu pht, anten v x l tn hiu c th cho giao din v tuyn. C th coi BTS l cc Modem v tuyn phc tp c thm mt s cc chc nng khc. Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l TRAU l khi chuyn i m v thch ng tc . TRAU l thit b m qu trnh m ho v gii m ting c th ring cho GSM c tin hnh, ti y cng thc hin thch ng tc trong trng hp truyn s liu. TRAU l mt b phn ca BTS, nhng cng c th t cch xa BTS v thm ch cn t trong BSC v MSC. Khi TRAU: Khi thch ng v chuyn i m thc hin chuyn i gia ting 64kbit/s lut A v ting RPE LTP 13 kbit/s cng nh thch ng tc gia cc khung 3.6, 6, 12 kbit/s s dng giao din v tuyn. TRAU c iu khin bi BTS. Nu n c t bn ngoi BTS th vic iu khin c thc hin bi bo hiu trong bng bng cch s dng mt s bit d tr trong khung 320 bit ca cc knh lu lng 16 kbit/s trong ch c 13 kbit/s c s dng cho vic truyn lu lng cc bt d tr ni trn l cc bit iu khin. Khi BSC: BSC c nhim v qun l tt c giao din v tuyn thng qua cc lnh iu khin t xa BTS v MS. Cc lnh ny ch yu l lnh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v chuyn giao. Mt pha BSC c n vi BTS cn pha kia ni vi MSC ca SS. Trong thc t BSC l mt tng i nh c kh nng tnh ton ng k. Vai tr chnh ca n l qun l cc knh giao din v tuyn v chuyn giao. Giao din gia BSC v MSC l giao din A, cn giao din gia BTS v BSC l giao din Abit. 1.2.5 H thng khai thc v h tr (OSS) c ni ti tt c cc thit b h thng chuyn mch v ni n BSC. OSS c cc chc nng chnh sau: Qun l mng t bo : Ti PLMN ln cn x l rt nhiu s liu, cc th tc chi tit, cc cng c qun l ph thuc c quan chu trch nhim v mng. S liu tng i v s liu h thng in thoi di ng, c s d liu ny cha tt c cc ni dung ca c s d liu v d liu ang c gi ti MSC/BSC. C th kim tra ti ch trc khi a n vo hot ng. Qun l ng k thu bao: Bao gm cc hot ng ng k thu bao. Nhim v u tin l nhp v xo thu bao khi mng, ng k thu bao rt phc tp gm nhiu dch v v tnh nng b xung. Nh khai thc phi c th thm nhp tt c cc thng s ni trn. Mt nhim v quan trng khc ca khai thc l tnh cc cc cuc gi.
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Qun l cht lng : C mt s chc nng o c GSM, ni dung chc nng o c s cp ny c thc hin phn t mng chu trch nhim v i tng o, chng hn cc s liu nh hng theo cuc gi c thc hin MSC sau, s lng o s cp c gi ti OSS v c lu tr y. Cc php o l: o lu lng cc tuyn. o lu lng cc loi lu lng. o v phn tn lu lng i tng chnh o mng v tuyn l cell. 1.3 Cu trc a l ca mng GSM Mi mng in thoi cn mt cu trc nht nh nh tuyn cc cuc gi vo tng i ng do tnh lu thng ca cc thu bao trong mng. Vng mng: Tng i v tuyn cng GMSC kt ni cc ng truyn gia mng GSM/PLMN v mng PSTN/ISDN khc hay cc mng PLMN khc s mc tng i trung k quc gia hay quc t. Tt c cc cuc gi vo cho mng GSM s c nh tuyn n mt hay nhiu tng i v tuyn cng GMSC. Vng phc v MSC/VLR: Vng MSC l mt b phn ca mng c mt MSC qun l. nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua mng s c ni n MSC vng phc v MSC ni thu bao ang . Vng phc v nh l mt b phn ca mng c nh ngha nh mt vng m c th t n trm di ng nh vic MS ny c ghi li mt b nh v khc(VLR). Mt vng mng GSM c chia thnh mt hay nhiu vng phc v MSC/VLR. Vng nh v (LA-location Area): Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt s vng nh v. Vng nh v l mt phn ca vng phc v MSC/VLR m mt trm di ng c th chuyn ng t do m khng cn cp nht thng tin v v tr cho tng i MSC/VLR iu khin vng nh v ny. Vng nh v ny l mt vng m thng bo tm gi s c pht qung b tm mt thu bao di ng b gi. Vng nh v c th c mt s cell v ph thuc vo mt hay vi BSC nhng n ch ph thuc vo mt MSC/VLR. H thng c th nhn dng vng nh v bng cch s dng nhn dng vng nh v LAI. Vng nh v c h thng s dng tm mt thu bao ang trng thi hot ng. (cell): Vng nh v c chia thnh mt s , l mt vng bao ph v tuyn c nhn dng bng nhn ng ton cu (CGI). Trm di ng t nhn dng mt bng cch s dng m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC). 1.4 Cc c trng ca GSM Trong cc h thng in thoi di ng hin c cung cp cho cc thu bao v nh khai thc nhiu u im hn mt mng in thoi tiu chun. Nhng cn nhiu hn ch. GSM khc phc c nhng hn ch v c th hin qua cc c trng sau.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Tnh tng thch: Do s pht trin nhanh chng ca cc mng t bo Chu u, hin c nhiu h thng t bo khc nhau m khng tng thch vi nhau. V vy, hin nhin l cn phi c mt tiu chun chung cho h thng thng tin di ng. V mt hi ng thc thi c thit lp vi mt nhim v phc tp l phn nh chung-ring mng tiu chun mi. Tiu chun GSM c qui nh v pht trin cc nc Chu u ang hot ng khai thc chung vi nhau . Kt qu l mt h thng t bo c thc hin khp Chu u. S thun li do tiu chun GSM em li, s c mt th trng ln i vi cc thit b GSM. Ngha l cc nh sn sut s cung cp cc hit b vi cht lng cao hn v gi thnh r hn. Cc thnh cng ca GSM c chp nhn v thc hin trn khp th gii. H thng thng tin di ng s GSM tng thch vi h thng bo hiu s 7 v s dng bng tn (890-915 ) MHz truyn tn hiu t my di ng n trm gc v bng tn (935960) MHz truyn dn tn hiu t trm gc n my di ng. Loi b cc tp m: Trong cc h thng in thai t bo hin nay, my di ng thng tin vi cell bng cc tn hiu v tuyn tng t. Mc d k thut ny c th m bo mt cht lng thoi rt tt (n c s dng nhiu i v v tuyn qung b stereo), nhng n d b tp m xm nhp. Tp m s giao thoa vi h thng hin hnh, c th c pht sinh bi cc nguyn nhn sau : Mt ngun cng sut mnh hoc ko di , gn vi h thng thng tin di ng (nh h thng nh la trn t , st ...). S truyn dn cc my di ng khc nhau trn cng mt tn s (nhiu knh chung). S truyn dn cc my di ng khc nhau, theo kiu xuyn ngang t mt tn s ln cn (nhiu knh ln cn ). Nhiu nn xm nhp v tn hiu qu yu. i ph vi nhnh vn gy ra nhiu trong h thng t bo mi ngi ta s dng cc tn hiu s thay cho tn hiu tng t. Cc tn hiu c pht trn mt giao din v tuyn s c th c bo v chng li cc li pht sinh do tp m. Vic bo v ny s hnh thnh t s m ho ca tn hiu, m c ch l do s quyt nh ca phn mm v s dng gii m viterbi. Cc c ch ny cho php pht hin v sa cha cc li mt tn hiu. Kt qu l c mt giao din v tuyn mnh hn nhiu. Thng tin di ng s c th chu c mc nhiu cao hn so vi cc h thng tng t hin c, dn n vic ci thin c cht lng ln hiu qu h thng thng tin di ng. Tnh linh hot v tng thm dung lng: Vi giao din v tuyn tng t hin c, mi kt ni gia mt thu bao di ng vi mt Cell i hi phi c sng mang RF ring, iu dn n i hi Cell phi lp t thm modul (phn cng ) RF. V vy, m rng dung lng ca mt Cell th phi tng thm s lng cc knh v cc modul RF c cht lng tng ng phi c a thm vo thit b ca Cell. Do , vic m rng h thng l tn nhiu thi gian, tin ca v cng sc Nh vy, cc hng khai thc cng bao hm c vic lp k hoch RF rt phc tp. khai thc mt cch hp php, tt c cc h thng phi s dng mt khong tn s RF oc qui nh cht ch, ch trong khong tn s (872-960 MHz). R rng ph tn s b nhiu hn ch v ch mt s lng c hn cc cuc m thoi l c th chn c trn mt s lng knh v tuyn cho, do , thng xuyn c s qu ti
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

xy ra ti gi cao im ca nhu cu, kt qu l call blocking (tc thu bao s nghe mt cho bit ng truyn ang bn ), hu qa l s khng tho mn ca thu bao. Khi m giao din s c s dng h thng GSM s a n vic gii quyt vic s dng ph v tuyn c sn mt cch hiu qu hn. Tm cuc gi ng thi c thc hin trn mt sng mang RF. iu c ngha l mi modul RF ring s p ng cho tm thu bao cng mt lc, v nh vy h thng s c m rng, yu cu thay i modul RF thng t hn so vi cc h thng c. Do h thng l rt linh hot v n c th thay i dung lng bng mt b phn khc ca mng bng cch t li cu hnh t c s d liu ca h thng. S dng cc giao din tiu chun: Trong mng t bo mi thit b c s dng l c ch to bi mt nh sn sut. iu l v mt hng sn xut ch sn xut thit b c thit k thng tin vi nhau. Tnh trng ny c th rt c li cho cc hng sn xut nh h c nh hng ln ln s nh gi cc sn phm ca h, nhng li l iu khng c li i vi ngi s dng in thoi di ng v nh khai thc mng v gi thnh thit b cao. Vi h thng thng tin di ng s GSM th ngc li, v do cc giao din tiu chun nh C7 v X25 c s dng trong ton h thng. iu ny c ngha l cc nh qui hoch h thng c th la chn thit b vi gi thnh khc nhau ca cc hng sn xut khc nhau. V vy, s cnh tranh gia cc hng sn xut vi nhau s tng ln v gi thnh s h xung. Ngoi ra, cc nh thit k mng s c nhiu linh hot hn khi t mua cc cu kin ca mng, tc l h c t to ra nhiu hiu qu s dng cc ng truyn mt t m h ang khai thc. An ton v bo mt tuyt i: Vn an ton c xem ng u danh mc cc vn s c cnh tranh ca cc nh khai thc cc h thng tng t. Trong mt vi h thng th h u c khong 20% cuc gi b n cp. bo mt s liu v thoi c tt, GSM a ra ngh bo mt c v phng php truyn dn trn giao din v tuyn v c cch thc lu lng c x l trc khi truyn dn. Cc d liu c iu khin v bo hiu s c mt m cng vi cc k thut nhn thc thu bao tinh vi s loa tr vic n cp cuc gi. h thng GSM thit b di ng s c nhn dng mt cch c lp t thu bao di ng. Mi my di ng c mt s nhn dng c m ho cng khi sn xut kim tra nu nh n c khai bo l b mt cp. H thng GSM m bo mt mc cao tnh bo mt cho cc thu bao, cc cuc gi s c s ho, m ho v sau c gi mt m trc khi pht ln khng gian. Chuyn vng nhanh hn: Chuyn vng xy ra khi my di ng di chuyn gia cc cell. Mt cuc gi s c chuyn t mt knh ny n knh khc v t mt cell ny n mt cell khc duy tr cuc gi c lin tc. Trong cc h thng tng t hin c, ch c thu bao rt tt mi nhn ra mt chuyn vng xy ra. Cn h thng GSM gii quyt vn ny v qu trnh chuyn vng c iu khin cht ch hn nhiu. GSM cho php a nhiu yu t vo tnh ton v c tnh ton chi tit hn (o cng tn hiu ca cc cell ln cn). Nhn dng thu bao: So vi cc h thng tng t, mi thu bao di ng c nhn dng bi s my in thoi m n c gn ln thit b di ng ca n. V vy nu thu bao mun thu/pht cc cuc gi th cn phi c thit b di ng. Trong h thng GSM, thu bao v thit bi di ng
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

c nhn dng mt cch ring r. Thu bao c nhn dng bng mt card thng minh (Smart card),c bit nh mt khi nhn dng thu bao SIM. Ngha l ngi s dng ch cn mua thu bao mt h thng di ng nhng c kh nng s dng cho nhiu kiu thit b di ng khc nhau (Fax, Computer, in thoi di ng). Ngha l khi di chuyn thu bao ch cn mang theo SIM card ca n. V SIM card nhn din ngi s dng nn bt k ni no cc cuc gi ca thu bao to ra, ho n tnh cc s lun lun c c gi ti b ghi nh v thng tr (HLR) ca thu bao. Tnh tng thch vi ISDN: ISDN l mt tiu chun m hu ht cc nc ang pht trin cam kt thc hin. y l mt mng thng tin mi v tin tin c thit k truyn thoi v s liu thu bao trn cc ng truynthoi tiu chun. Mng GSM c thit k khai thc vi h thng ISDN v s cung cp cc c tnh c th tng thch vi n.

CHNG II: GII PHP PH SNG DI NG TRONG TO NH


2.1 t vn Ngy nay, m rng th phn ngoi vic cnh tranh v gi c, dch v gi tr gia tng, chm sc khch hng... cc nh cung cp dch v di ng cng khng ngng tp trung pht trin mng li c vng ph rng, ph su, cht lng ph sng tt. Tuy nhin, ngay c i vi cc cng ty cung cp dch v di ng ph sng 63/63 tnh thnh c mt vn cn quan tm l ti mt s thnh ph ln nh H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh l cht lng ph sng trong cc to nh, c bit l cc to nh cao tng ca khch sn, vn phng ca cc cng ty trong v ngoi nc, khu chung c cao cp y l ni m nhu cu lin lc rt ln v l nhng khch hng quan trng ca cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng. V vy c th m bo nhu cu lin lc, p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng c bit l cc khch hng cao cp, cc nh khai thc vin thng ang tng bc tp trung nng cao cht lng vin thng trong cc to nh cao tng.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 2.1: M hnh h thng ph sng di ng trong ta nh Ti cc tng thp thng c tnh trng sng yu, chp chn, cc tng cao th nhiu (nht l i vi cc nh khai thc chia s chung bng tn GSM) dn n kh thc hin v rt cuc gi. Tuy nhin, do c trng vng ph ca nhng khu vc ny rng hoc tri di theo chiu dc, sng v tuyn t trm BTS outdoor macro b suy hao nhiu khi xuyn qua cc bc tng b tng dn n cng tn hiu khng t yu cu, nn gii php ph sng trong ta nh IBS (Inbuilding Solutions) hay IBC (Inbuilding Coverage) hin nay c nhiu nh cung cp dch v di ng la chn. Trong cc phn tip theo ngi thc hin s i su vo vic thit k h thng IBC.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 2.2: H thng IBS s m bo c vng ph tt trong cc ta nh Gii php truyn thng: S dng cp feeder 7/8 v 1/2 truyn tn hiu. Thch hp vi cc ta nh qui m va v nh (di 23 tng, di 100 000 m2). Lp t d dng v nhanh chng, s dng cc quang i dc trc gim suy hao tn hiu Chia tch h thng thnh tng phn nh, trong mi phn s dng cp feeder 7/8 chy dc trc. C thm cc b repeater quang iu khin tn hiu. Thch hp vi cc ta nh din tch ln, cao trn 30 tng.
Di y l nhng u im khi s dng h thng Inbuilding: m bo vng ph sng di ng mi lc mi ni bn trong ta nh, gip

kh nng truy cp mng v lin lc khng b gin on cho vic giao dch, hi ngh Cc dch v thng tin, d liu, mobile u c cung cp vi cht lng n nh mang li hiu qu cng vic tt nht v li nhun cho khch hng. Ti u ha thit k v kinh ph thit b s dng v kh nng ph sng. Trnh ph sng ra ngoi phm vi ta nh gim thiu kh nng nghn mng ngoi mun. H thng In Building l mt h thng c lp khng ph thuc vo h thng outdoor bn ngoi nn vic s dng h thng ny bo m tnh bn vng n nh cht lng vng ph sng cho ta nh H thng c kh nng tch hp tt c cc mng ang s dng trn ton quc nh cng mt lc c th dng chung cc mng nh Vinaphone, Mobifone,Vietteltrn mt h thng Inbuilding lp trc, c kh nng linh hot thay i cu hnh, nng cp cu hnh bo dng mng.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Nn tng cho cc ng dng h thng wireless, mobile broadband, mobile TV


2.2 Tng quan gii php IBC cho ta nh cao tng

C th ni hin nay i vi cc ta nh ln nh l sn bay, ga in ngm, vn phng cao tng, siu th kinh doanh hng ha rng ln th vn vng ph v dung lng u rt quan trng v cht lng thoi di dng nh hng trc tip n uy tn ca nh cung cp dch v. Tuy nhin, do c trng vng ph ca nhng khu vc ny rng hoc tri di theo chiu dc, sng v tuyn t trm BTS bn ngoi ta nh (BTS outdoor macro) b suy hao nhiu khi xuyn qua cc bc tng b tng dn n cng tn hiu khng t yu cu, nn gii php ph sng trong ta nh hin nay c nhiu nh cung cp dch v di ng la chn. H thng inbuilding bao gm ba phn chnh: ngun tn hiu, h thng phn phi tn hiu v phn t bc x. Trong h thng phn phi tn hiu l im khc bit in hnh gia h thng inbuilding so vi h thng mng BTS outdoor macro thng thng.

Ngun tn hiu

H thng phn phi tn hiu

Phn t bc x

Hnh 2.3: Cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng IBC


2.2.1 Ngun tn hiu ph sng cho indoor c th dng

Ngun tn hiu bng trm outdoor:

Hnh 2.4: Vng ph trong ta nh t mt t bo macro trong mng BTS outdoormacro y l gii php n gin nht cung cp vng ph cho cc to nh vi tn hiu t cc trm macro bn ngoi to nh. Gii php ny c khuyn ngh nu lu lng trong ta nh khngcao, hoc ch ta nh khng cho php lp t thit b v i cp trong ta nh hoc vic trin khai gii php dnh ring cho n khng kinh t. Khi vng ph c cung cp bng cch:
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Tn hiu s thm nhp vo to nh t bn ngoi. iu ny ch thc hin c i vi cc ta nh c khong h ln i vi bn ngoi hoc t tng, ca s kim loi. t BTS trn cc ta nh xung quanh v hng anten ti ta nh cn ph. Khi khng cn n h thng phn phi tn hiu na v phn t bc x chnh l anten ca trm BTS outdoor macro . u im ca gii php ny l chi ph thp, khng mt nhiu thi gian trong trin khai, c th ph c ngoi nh (outdoor) v trong nh (indoor). Nhc im ca gii php ny l vng ph hn ch, tc bit thp i vi cc dch v d liu, dung lng thp v cht lng khng th chp nhn c mt s phn trong to nh. Suy hao tng dn khi tn s cng cao, do vy kh cung cp vng ph cho to nh mc tn hiu tt. Suy hao c th khc phc bng cch tng cng sut t cc trm ngoi nh nhng nhiu s tng. Vic thit k tn s gp nhiu kh khn do qu tn s hn hp (nht l i vi cc nh khai thc chia s chung bng tn GSM). Ngun tn hiu dng trm lp Repeater: Ngoi cch ph sng trong nh bng trm outdoor c th s dng trm lp (repeater) lm ngun v tuyn cung cp cho h thng phn phi. Khi vng ph ca trm outdoor hin c c m rng. Nhng gii php ny t c s dng trong thc t v cng tn hiu, cht lng, s n nh, dung lng ph thuc vo trm BTS bn ngoi v vic thit k cho trm lp (qu ng truyn, mc cch ly 2 hng) mc d gi thnh thp, trin khai nhanh, d dng. V c nhiu nhc im ni trn nn trn thc t rt t nh cung cp dch v di ng s dng gii php ny, tr trng hp bt kh khng. Ngun tn hiu bng trm indoor dnh ring:

Hnh 2.5: Vng ph cho ta nh c cung cp bi trm indoor dnh ring Gii php ny c th tng thm dung lng cho nhng vng trong nh yu cu lu lng cao. Vn chnh y l cung cp dung lng yu cu trong khi vn m bo vng ph tt ca to nh m khng lm nh hng ti cht lng dch v ca mng BTS outdoor macro. V vy gii php ny c cc nh cung cp dch v di ng trong khu vc s dng nh SingTel, Digi...
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

u im ca gii php ny l ngun tn hiu t bn ngoi n nh, mc tn hiu tt, m rng dung lng h thng d dng. Nhc im ca gii php l gi thnh cao, yu cu phi c cch b tr tn s/knh c th v xy dng h thng truyn dn m bo tnh m thut.
2.2.2 H thng phn phi tn hiu

H thng phn phi tn hiu c nhim v phn phi tn hiu t ngun cung cp i n cc anten hoc phn t bc x khc v c phn loi thnh: H thng th ng:

Hnh 2.6: Gii php h thng anten phn phi cp ng th ng H thng th ng l h thng anten c phn phi bng cp ng trc v cc phn t th ng. y l gii php ph bin nht cho cc khu vc ph sng inbuilding khng qu rng, c c im: - Trm gc c dnh ring cho to nh: Tn hiu v tuyn t trm gc c phn phi qua h thng n cc anten. Vng ph cho to nh c gii hn ng thi khng lm nh hng n cht lng mng BTS outdoor macro. Nhng yu cu k s thit k phi tnh ton qu ng truyn cn thn v mc cng sut mi anten ph thuc vo s tn hao m cc thit b th ng c s dng, c bit l chiu di cp. - Cc thit b chnh gm: cp ng trc, b chia (splitter/tapper), b lc (filter), b kt hp (combiner), anten. H thng ch ng: H thng ch ng l h thng anten phn phi s dng cp quang v cc thnh phn ch ng (b khuch i cng sut). Vic s dng cp quang t BTS ti khi iu khin t xa c th m rng ti tng v tr anten ring l bng cch: tn hiu RF t BTS c chuyn i thnh tn hiu quang ri truyn n v c bin i ngc li thnh tn hiu RF ti khi iu khin t xa trc khi c phn phi ti mt h thng cp ng nh. Ngoi ra, h thng cn s dng cc thit b khc trong vic phn phi tn hiu: Hub quang chnh, cp quang, Hub m rng, khi anten t xa.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 2.7: S mt h thng anten phn phi ch ng cho khu trng s Gii php ny thng c s dng cho nhng khu vc ph sng inbuilding rt rng, khi m h thng th ng khng p ng c ch tiu k thut suy hao cho php. Khi mt BTS phc v c nhiu ta nh trong mt vng, thng l cc khu trng s. Cc kt ni khong cch xa (hn 1 km) s dng cp quang, s phn phi gia mt tng v cc phn trong to nh c th dng cp xon i dy. Nhng nhc im d nhn thy l chi ph cao.

Hnh 2.8: S mt h thng anten phn phi ch ng cho mt to nh cao tng H thng lai ghp:

Hnh 2.9: S h thng lai ghp H thng ny l s kt hp gia h thng th ng v ch ng. Gii php ny dung ho c c u nhc im ca hai h thng th ng v ch ng. V n va m
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

bo cht lng tn hiu cho nhng khu vc ph sng trong nh c quy m ln li va tit kim chi ph. 2.2.3 Phn t bc x Phn t bc x c nhim v bin i nng lng tn hiu in thnh sng in t pht ra ngoi khng gian v ngc li. Do h thng trong nh c s dng nhng khu vc c vng ph sng c bit nh nn i vi tng cng trnh c th i hi phi c phn t bc x thch hp. o Anten: s dng thch hp vi nhng vng ph c khuynh hng hnh trn hoc hnh ch nht. l v anten cho vng ph sng khng ng u, vic tnh qu ng truyn ph thuc nhiu vo cu trc ca to nh. Phm vi ph sng ca anten di GSM900 l 25m 30m; GSM1800 l 15m 18m. C 2 loi anten thng c s dng l anten v hng (omni) v anten c hng (yagi). Anten v hng c tnh thm m, nh gn d lp t nn c th kt hp hi ho vi mi trng trong to nh, cn anten c hng c tng ch cao thch hp khi ph sng trong thang my.

Hnh 2.10: H thng phn phi cp r o Cp r: c im ca cp r (cn gi l cp tn x) l c cng tn hiu ng u theo mt trc chnh nn thng c dng cho cc vng ph phc v ko di c bit nh: hnh lang di, xe in ngm, ng hm... Phm vi ph sng ca cp d ch vo khong 6m nhng li c u im hn hn so vi anten l h tr c di tn s rng t 1 MHz 2500 MHz. 2.3 Cc thit b dng trong h thng DAS 2.3.1 Cc loi anten dng cho h thng Anten Omni 3dBi, Omni Direction 2400 4.5dBi, Panel 14 dBi, h tr di tn t 800-2500 MHz.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 2.11: Anten Omni vi s bc x theo chiu ngang v dc 2.3.2 Cp feeder s dng cho h thng H thng c thit k theo kiu backbone nn cp trc chnh thng dng l feeder 7/8 v cp nhnh cho cc tng l feeder 1/2. Bng 3.5 Suy hao ca cc loi feeder ca hng Rosenberger (c): Loi feeder Tn s 1800MHz Tn s 2100MHz 1/2 7/8 10,7dB/100m 6,11dB/100m 11,5dB/100m 6,63dB/100m

Hnh 2.12: Cc loi slipter dng trong IBC Cng thc tnh suy hao trong Slipter: Cng thc tnh suy hao: Slipter loss= 10log (tng s ng ra) + 0.1dB V d: Slipter 1:3 th suy hao ti mi ng ra l: 10log(3)+0.1dB = 4.87dB

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 2.13: Suy hao ca Slipter 1:3 2.3.3 B chia khng u (Coupler) Suy hao cc b Coupler ca hng Telestone (Trung Quc): Coupler type Directional Coupler 5 dB Directional Coupler 10 dB Directional Coupler 15 dB Directional Coupler 20 dB Directional Coupler 30 dB Coupling Value (dB) 5 10 15 20 30 Insertion Loss (dB) 1,65 0,46 0,14 0,04 0

Hnh 2.14: Coupler chia tn hiu ra cc anten c cng sut 3.5 5dBm 2.3.4 B POI (Point of Interface) Chc nng ca POI trong h thng IBC l kt hp cc Operator t BTS ri phn phi ra h thng DAS thng qua feeder.

Hnh 2.15: V tr ca POI trong h thng IBC

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Phn A l tn hiu t BTS outdoor ca cc nh cung cp dch v c a vo BTS indoor ca h thng IBC, hin ti c 3 nh cung cp dch v chnh nc ta: Vietel, VMS Mobifone v Vinaphone u dng tn s GSM 900MHz v DCS 1800MHz. Phn B l b POI kt hp tn hiu ca tt c cc nh cung cp dch v c ly t Phn A thnh mt ng sau truyn n h thng DAS phn C.

Hnh 2.16: Cc tn s c kt hp vo b POI Phn C l h thng DAS bao gm cc linh kin th ng nh feeder, anten indoor, slipter phn phi cng sut t BTS a ti. y, ngi thc hin s dng b Hybrid 2 ng vo v 4 ng ra c chc nng tng t nh b POI. 2.4 Kt lun Qu trnh truyn sng trong mi trng trong nh rt phc tp v kh d on chnh xc do cu trc, kt cu, vt liu xy dng ca cc cng trnh khc nhau, mc ch s dng cng khc nhau: sn bay, ga in ngm, vn phng cao tng, khu vc kinh doanh hng ha rng ln... V vy phi cn nhc khi chn gii php thit k sao cho ph hp nht vi tng cng trnh bng cch kt hp linh hot cc la chn trong ba khi thnh phn chnh ca h thng trong nh. Trong nhng nm gn y, cc gii php inbuilding ngy cng c trin khai nhiu v c cc mng di ng quan tm nhm p ng nhu cu ca ngi s dng vng ph mi ni. ng thi y cng l c hi cc nh khai thc m rng vng ph, ci thin dch v, gia tng lu lng mi cho nhng vng m trc y gi l h en do mng macro khng c kh nng phc v c. Vi vng ph trong nh chng ln v cng vi vng ph mng macro s lm tng tng dung lng v vng ph ca ton mng di ng.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

CHNG III: TIN HNH KHO ST V THIT K H THNG PH SNG DI NG TRONG TO NH


3.1 Cc bc thit k h thng IBC cho ta nh Sau khi hon tt hp ng cung cp gii php ph sng di ng cho ton nh, th k s s xin bn ch u t bn v kin trc ca ta nh, bao gm c tng hm Vic c bn v kin trc trong tay s rt thun li cho vic thit k h thng IBS: v tr lp t cc anten, h thng i dy cp

Hnh 3.1: Thit k h thng IBS cho ta nh cao tng c th nm r kin trc ca ton nh th bt buc ngi k s cn phi i kho st thc t, v trn bn v kin trc khng th hin ht nhng g trn thc t. Bn cnh , ngi k s cng cn nm r v tr a l ca ta nh (ta nh cao bao nhiu tng, mt tng rng bao nhiu mt vung, v tr t ta nh c gn trm BTS khng), t c phng hng xut ra nhng gii php c tnh kinh t nht, thun li cho cng vic lp t. Quan trng nht trong l vic kho st cht lng mng trong ta nh. Trong qu trnh kho st, da trn vic xem xt cu trc xy dng ca to nh, mt s tng c la chn kho st vng ph sng v kh nng thm nhp sng t cc trm bn ngoi vo cc tng ny a ra cc s liu c th. Thit b phc v cho vic kho st bao gm: My o TEMS8 h tr trn my in thoi cm tay Sony-Erricson K800i.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip
My tnh xch tay IBM T61 vi phn mm o kim Tems 8.

My nh v v tinh GPS. My nh k thut s. Chng ti tin hnh o ba thng s bao gm: Mc thu (RxLev). Cht lng thu (RxQual). T s nhiu ng knh C/I. Da trn kt qu o v kho st hai thng s ny, nh gi chng, a ra kt lun cht lng ph sng trong to nh v t a ra gii php k thut gii quyt vn trn. Lp d n mt h thng ph sng tn hiu di ng bn trong ta nh (Inbuilding Coverage - IBC) l mt qu trnh gm nhiu bc. Tt c cc bc phi c tin hnh mt cch cn thn thu c mt h thng hot ng ti u. Trong chng ny, ngi thc hin n s gii thch tng bc ca qu trnh thit k v thc hin lp t h thng ph sng tn hiu trong ta cao c. H thng ny c thit k da trn cng ngh thng tin di ng GSM 1800 v mng 3G vi tn s 2100MHz. Qu trnh lp d n IBC c chia thnh cc bc chnh sau y. Kho st v nhn dng a hnh ta nh cn ph sng. Kho st trm thu pht gc v tn hiu bn trong ta nh. Lp k hoch v tr. Thit k, lp t v cu hnh thit b. Kim tra v hiu chnh. 3.2 Mc tiu kho st Kho st l mt bc c bn v quan trng trong qu trnh lp d n IBC. Cc thng s quan trng cn cho qu trnh lp d n phi c thu thp cn trng v chnh xc trong qu trnh kho st tng khu vc c th ca ta nh. Qu trnh kho st khng c ngha l mt ai i vo ta nh v i xung quanh khp mi ni, ngoi ra cng c th thu thp cc thng tin cn thit thng qua nh cung cp dch v v ch ta nh. Tuy nhin, mt qu trnh kho st ti thc a s d dng thu thp c thng tin y v chnh xc. Nhng mc tiu phi t c trong giai on kho st: Phm vi ph sng: ton b ta nh hay mt s khu vc nht nh. Khu vc xe c c m rng ph sng trong tng lai, cc khu vc quan trng i vi khch hang. Loi cp: cp ng trc, feeder, cp quang hay loi cp khc. Liu ng dn cp cho php i loi cp c kch thc ti a l bao nhiu, gc un cong cho php ca cp trong ng dn cp. V tr i cp: cch i cp t trm thu pht gc BTS n cc anten, v tr anten i cp d nht, khong cch kt ni. V tr t anten: Liu trn gi c cho php t anten hay khng, tng loi anten c th lp trn trn gi hoc trn tng, loi anten c th (c hng, v hng, nhiu bng tn hoc mt bng tn) c ch nh bi nh khai thc (Operator).
S lng anten cn thit cho mt tng, loi ta nh (vn phng, nh my, im

xe, ca hng, trung tm mua sm). Cc tng c cu trc ging ht nhau hay khng,
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

cc php o cn thit. Vic lp nhiu anten c tit kim nng lng hn l vic lp mt anten trung tm tng nh. Ngun nui cho BTS v h thng, bng c quy d phng hay ngun in xoay chiu trc tip. 3.3 Kho st ta nh v nhn dng a hnh to nh cn ph sng Trong qu trnh kho st, cc c tnh sau y ca ta nh cn c quan tm v thu thp thng tin: - Hnh dng : cao v dt, rng v thp, s lng tng, mt bng. - Kch c: Din tch bao ph (m2). - To nh c hay mi s quyt nh vic la chn phng thc truyn dn. Mt s ta nh c khng cho php s dng cc loi cp c trng lng ln, cc loi cp ng trc li to i hi gc un cong ln. Trong khi , cc ta nh mi xy dng, hin i thng c cu trc thng, t un khc, cho php s dng cc loi cp c ng knh ln. - Cc ta nh c sn h thng dy cp (VD: SMF v MMF). 3.3.1 Kiu vn phng cao c

Hnh 3.2: Ta nh cao tng M t chung: Nhiu tng c cu trc ging nhau, hnh thp, mt bng hn ch. nh hng ti IBC: + Thit k tng i gn nh vo lin kt lin tng, lng ng ten cn cho mt sn t. + D lp t IBC nh vo cu trc cc lt sn tng t nhau. + Mc s dng lu lng cao, cn n nhiu tn s, c bn thit k chi tit. + Nu to nh ln th s dng active IBC. + Ngi thit k c th lp k hoch ph sng (bao gm v tr t anten, cng sut ra anten EiRP) cho mt sn, sau p dng tng t cho cc sn khc. Lp k hoch cho tng sn trc tin, sau l ng trc backbone.

3.3.2 Kiu cng xng


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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

M t chung: t tng, trn cao, cc cng xng, kho bi, bi xe... nh hng ti IBC. + Din tch bao ph ln, khong cch kt ni xa. + Gim s mt ng truyn trong khng gian bi tm nhn quang. + Vic lp k hoch phc tp hn cho cc lt sn khng ging nhau. + Thun li cho vic lp t IBC do khong cch kt ni rng. + Mc s dng c bit thp, s lng thit b truyn ti t.

Hnh 3.3: Ta nh cng xng 3.3.3 Khu trng hc

Hnh 3.4: Khu trng hc M t chung: Gm nhiu to nh c th ni lin kt vi nhau, s lng lt sn hn ch, din tch mt bng hn ch, ging m hnh kiu vn phng, kch c nh hn. nh hng ti IBC: + Lin kt gia cc to nh ln hn, lin kt trong mi to nh tng i t. + Mc s dng cao, nhiu thit b truyn ti. + Thun li cho vic lp t active IBC do khong cch kt ni rng.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

+ C th kt hp m hnh h thng lai Coax/FO. FO ni khong cch gia cc to nh v Coax ni khong cch bn trong mi to nh. 3.3.4 Kiu cu trc phc tp (sn bay, ga tu in ngm)

M t chung: Gm nhiu to nh c cu trc phc tp, kch c v chiu cao lt sn khc nhau, s lng sn hn ch, mt bng rng. nh hng ti IBC: + Khong cch lin kt kt ni xa, c th phn khu. + K hoch chi tit, phc tp do mi trng v kch c cc phng khng ng nht. + Mc s dng cao vi cc trm iu hnh BTS c ni vi mt thit b IBC chung. + S lng thit b truyn ti ln do mc s dng ln. + Thun li cho vic lp t active IBC, cn thit phi c nhiu dch v bng thng.

Hnh 3.5: Cu trc nh ga sn bay 3.4 Tin hnh o cc thng s c bn 3.4.1 o mc thu RxLevel (RF Signal Level) Sau khi kt thc qu trnh kho st to nh, ngi thc hin bo co c th nhn xt v mc thu RxLevel trong to nh l yu. Kt qu thong thng ca my o cho thy, mc thu nm trong khong t 80 dBm n 112dBm. Ti tng hm ca to nh, hon ton khng c sng di ng. Ti cc tng t tng 1 n tng gia ca khch sn, mc thu nm trong khong 80 dbm n -96 dbm. Cc phng nm su trong to nh mc thu RxLevel rt thp, c bit trong thang my hon ton khng c sng. i vi cc tng trn cng, hin tng in hnh ca to nh cao tng l floating xut hin. iu ny c nh hng nghim trng n qu trnh thc hin cuc gi.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 3.6: Tn hiu yu ti cc tng thp

Hnh 3.7: V d mc thu c kho st ca mt ta nh 3.4.2 o cht lng thu QxLevel (RF Signal Quality) nh gi cht lng thu da trn cc yu t, l mc thu RxLevel, h s li khung FER (frame error rate), interfere, handover...Sau khi kho st to nh, t kt qu cho thy ti cc tng cao, hin tng handover lin tc xy ra. Trong ton b c to nh,
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

lu lng cuc gi lun mc cao. Kt hp 2 yu t ny dn n tnh trng rt cuc gi khi chuyn giao rt cao. T l cuc gi thnh cng rt thp. Chng ta thy r hin tng handover xy ra lin tc trong th bn di. Ngng ch tiu RxQual < 2 trong tng s 90% mu tn hiu o.

Hnh 3.8: Cht lng thu ca ta nh

Hnh 3.9: Handover lin tc xy ra ti cc tng cao ca to nh 3.4.3 o t s cht lng thoi SQI (Speech Quality Index)
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

SQI c tnh ton trn c s t l li bt (BER), t l li khung (FER), cc s kin handover v vic s dng DTX trn mng. Ngng ch tiu: SQI >20 trong tng s 90% mu tn hiu o.

Hnh 3.10: Ch s SQI thp 3.4.4 o t s nhiu ng knh C/I Theo khuyn ngh ca GSM gi tr C/I b nht m my di ng vn c th lm vic tt l 9 dB. Trong thc t, ngi ta nhn thy rng gi tr ny cn thit phi ln n 12 dB ngoi tr nu s dng nhy tn th mi c th lm vic mc C/I l 9 dB. mc thp hn C/I th gi tr BER s cao khng chp nhn c v m ho knh cng khng th sa li mt cch chnh xc c.

Hnh 3.11: Ch s C/I thp khi xy ra handover 3.5 Kho st trm thu pht gc v tn hiu bn trong ta nh

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Phn ny a n cho ngi lp k hoch nhng tham s quan trng ca mt trm thu pht kt ni n h thng IBC. Tt c cc d liu phi c thu thp t cc nh cung cp dch v c th. Vi s hiu bit su sc v bn cht ca trm thu pht gc, ngi lp k hoch s cu hnh mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu v khng lm nh hng n cu trc mng BTS ca cc nh khai thc mng. Ngi lp k hoch cng c th thuyt phc nh khai thc s dng loi BTS cng sut thp, gi r, u t nhiu hn vo cc thit b IBC. 3.5.1 Cu trc BTS dng trong indoor c c mt thit k IBC ti u, cn phi la chn chnh xc loi BTS c s dng, ghi ch cc tham s quan trng ca BTS cng nh kt ni cu trc bn trong ca n, chng loi b thu pht v v tr t trm. Cc tham s sau y cn c quan tm cho qu trnh lp k hoch: - Cc loi h thng truyn thng di ng (GMS 900/1800/1900, bng thng kp, TDMA, CDMA, IDEN, ...). - S lng sng mang (tn s) cp cho trm, cng sut pht ca tng sng mang ti cng kt hp, nhy thu. - V tr BTS (ti tng no, khong cch n ng cp trc), cu hnh kt hp ca BTS (ghp TRX, sector, ), kh nng kt hp nhiu Operators. - Kh nng m rng trong tng lai, s lng sng mang ti a, m rng bng tn (bng tn n, bng tn kp). Ngi thit k s kho st BTS cng sut thp vi b ghp th ng: Mt BTS mini hay micro c cng sut pht ra khong 43 dBm (18W) c 4 sng mang ng ra kt hp b LNA hng ln iu ny s lm cn bng cng sut gia BTS v MS. Mt MS in hnh c cng sut pht cho hng ln l 30 dBm v nhy thu ca hng xung l -104 dBm cho h thng GSM, bn cnh , nhy thu ca BTS l -113 dBm. Hin nay cc nh khai thc di ng Vit Nam thng dng cc loi BTS trong indoor. Bng 3.1: Cc loi BTS thng dng trong Indoor Tn Tn s hot ng Cng sut pht ti Hng sn xut (MHz) a (dBm) Horizon II mini Indoor 900 63 Motorola RBS 2206 900/1800 63 Ericson RBS 3216 2100 45 Ericson 3.5.2 Lu lng ca h thng Vic tnh ton lin quan n dung lng ca BTS theo cch thng dng s do nh khai thc thc hin, cho nn ngi lp k hoch IBC khng nht thit phi tnh ton. S lng sng mang thng do nh khai thc a ra, v ngi lp k hoch IBC khng phi tnh ton. Tuy nhin, phn ny s gip ngi lp k hoch IBC hiu su hn yu cu v lu lng ca nh khai thc t tnh ton c i vi mi to nh s cn bao nhiu tn s v ng thi nm c nhu cu m rng h thng IBC trong tng lai. 3.5.2.1 Lu lng

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Lu lng c nh ngha l t s gia cuc gi trung bnh trn cng phc v trung bnh. Khi lu lng ca mt thu bao A c tnh theo cng thc sau: = ..
1 3600

Trong : A: lu lng thu bao A n: s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi T: thi gian trung bnh ca mt cuc gi tnh bng giy (s) V d: Tnh lu lng ca thu bao A trong mng GSM c trung bnh 1 cuc gi 15 pht trong mt gi, khi lu lng ca thu bao A s l: = ..
1 =0.25 3600

Vi n = 1 v T = 15.60 = 900 (s). Nh vy, phc v cho 1000 thu bao ta cn mt lu lng l 25 Erlang. 3.5.2.2 Mt s nh ngha cho m hnh Erlang + H thng tiu hao: y l h thng m cc thu bao s b t chi thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti + H thng theo kiu i: y l h thng m cc thu bao s c ch thc hin cuc gi khi h thng y ti. + n v lu lng: Erlang l n v o mt lu lng. Mt Erl m t tng lu lng trong mt gi. + Cp phc v (GoS): l i lng th hin s % cuc gi khng thnh cng i vi h thng tiu hao. Cn trong h thng i th GoS l s % cuc gi thc hin ch gi li, mng hot ng vi hiu sut cao th mng cellular thng c GoS = 2 % ngha l ti a 2% lu lng b nghn, ti thiu 98% lu lng c truyn.
M hnh ERLANG B

y l m hnh h thng thng tin hot ng theo kiu tiu hao. Thu bao khng h gi li khi cuc gi khng thnh. ng thi gi thit rng: Xc sut cuc gi phn b theo lut ngu nhin Poisson, s ngi dng rt ln so vi s knh dng chung, khng c knh d tr dng ring, cuc gi b nghn khng c gi li ngay.

Hnh 3.12: Xc sut nghn GoS M hnh Erlang B l m hnh thch hp hn c cho mng GSM. T cc cng thc ton hc, ngi ta lp ra bng Erlang B cho tin dng. V d: S knh dng chung l 10, GoS l 2%. Tra bng Erlang B ta c lu lng mun truyn l A = 5,084 Erl. Vy lu lng c truyn l:
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

A.(1 - GoS) = 5,084*(1 0,02) = 4,9823 Erl 3.5.3 Kho st tn hiu bn trong ta nh i vi mng GSM: -o mc thu RxLevel ( RF Signal Level ). -o cht lng thu QxLevel ( RF Signal Quality ). -o t s cht lng thoi SQI ( Speech Quality Index). i vi mng WCDMA: - CPICH Ec/No : l t s gia mt cng sut ca tn hiu CPICH trn mt cng sut ca ton bng tn. Thng s ny c s dng cho vic chn cell v cc th tc handover. Mc ch tiu Ec/No -10 dBm trn 98% din tch ta nh. - CPICH RSCP : l tn mc cng sut ca m tn hiu nhn c da trn cc bit ca knh CPICH, y l cng sut ca mt chip ch khng phi cng sut ca bit d liu. Ngoi vic phc v cho chn cell handover, thng s ny cn c s dng cho vic tnh ton pathloss cng nh iu khin cng sut trong mng. Mc ch tiu RSCP -90dBm trn 95% din tch ta nh. Khi UE ang hot ng n lun o kim v gi bo co cht lng tn hiu v cho RNC thng qua knh CPICH vi hai thng s RSCP v Ec/No ca tn s ang hot ng RNC c th thc hin th tc Handover cho UE. - PathLoss l chnh lch gia cng sut pht v cng sut thu ca tn hiu CPICH, phn nh cht lng ng truyn v c s dng khi to mc cng sut cho PRACH v qu trnh handover gia hai tn s. 3.6 Cc thng s cn thit lp k hoch v tr 3.6.1 Cc tham s v ta nh Khi lp d n cho IBC, cc thng s chi tit v ta nh cn c thu thp. Cc thng s l: Nhng khu vc cn c ph sng, nh du nhng khu vc ny trn s bn v. Din tch sn (v d 50 x 50m) hoc din tch khu vc cn ph sng, xc nh t l ca bn v hoc xc nh mt kch thc chun trn bn v. Chiu cao ca mi tng (thng thng l 4m). Vt liu ca sn, tng, trn cng nh l dy ca chng. S lng v v tr ca vch ngn, nh du v tr trn bn v. V tr ca mng cp, cc khu vc cho php hoc khng cho php dy cp i qua, nh du cc khu vc ny trn bn v. Xc nh tng loi cp cho cc khu vc c th. Xc nh v tr c th t anten, cc khu vc khng cho php t anten, cc v tr trn v tng cho php mc antena, chng loi anten, s lng anten cn thit (cng sut trn mi anten/ sng mang), v tr ca trn gi nu c. V tr ca ng cp chnh. V tr t BTS, nh du trn bn v. Tt c cc thng tin trn cn c nh du trn bn v ta nh.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

3.6.2 Cc tham s lp k hoch Trong cc phn trn, thng tin v to nh, BTS, thit b h tr c thu thp. hon thin thng tin, thng s lp k hoch cho tng to nh c th v cho tng nh khai thc c th cn c xc nh. V nhng thng s ny thay i theo tng trng hp v khc nhau gia cc nh khai thc dch v. Chng phi c xc nh trc khi tin hnh lp k hoch IBC. Cc thng s cn cho thit k IBC nh sau: - Phn trm din tch cn bao ph (thng thng > 95%) - Mc thu thit k ( tiu chun GSM > -85dBm). - ERP ti a cho php/ng ten/1 sng mang. Mc thu thit k c tnh ton thng qua nhy thu ca my di ng, d phng phading, v suy hao bi c th ngi. suy hao ny l tham s m tn hiu pht ra t my di ng hoc tn hiu thu c t trm BTS ti my di ng s b suy hao bi u v thn ngi thu bao. d phng phading c a vo php tnh suy hao v c nhng im phading su. Thng thng suy hao thn ngi l 5 n 10dB, cn d phng phading l 10 n 15 dB. nhy thu ca my di ng c tnh nh sau: S = -174dBm + 10 log(NBW) + SNR + NF Trong : - 174 dBm l nhiu nhit. - NBW: nhiu bng thng. - SNR: h s tn hiu/nhiu. - NF: h s nhiu ca my di ng. Bng 3.2: Cc gi tr tham s in hnh NBW(10logNBW) GSM IS-136 NMT AMPS IS-95 200KHz (53dB) 30KHz (45dB) 25KHz (44dB) 30KHz (45dB) 1.5MHz (62dB) SNR 9dB 17dB 18dB 8dB -15dB NF-MS 8dB 8dB 8dB 8dB 10dB MS Typical Sensitivity level -104dBm -85dBm -104dBm -104dBm -103dBm -117/-115 -85dBm -85dBm -85dBm -90dBm

Cc tham s khc: Din tch vng ph sng: 95 ~ 100% din tch ta nh. Mc thu RxLevel: > -85dBm cho mng GSM. Cng sut pht cc i ti mi antenna indoor/sng mang:10 ~ 20 dBm. Cng sut ti u ra ca BTS: 33 ~ 43 dBm. Di tn : GSM1800 MHz v 3G WCDMA 2100MHz GoS: 2%. Lu lng cho mt thu bao: 25mErl. 3.7 Thit k, lp t v cu hnh thit b cho h thng
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

3.7.1 Thit k tng quan Sau khi hon tt vic thu thp tt c thng tin v to nh, v BTS v cc ch tiu tham s cho thit k, chng ta c th bt u vi vic t k hoch. Trc ht ngi thit k phi chn mt h thng phn phi. i vi nhng to nh ln c nhng ng ni di (>200m) hoc nhiu tng i hi cng sut cn bng,n nh, h thng phn phi tch cc c khuyn co s dng v gi thnh thp ca cp si quang, chi ph lp t thp. i vi nhng h thng nh hn v ng ni ngn hn, s lng anten t (<10 anten), ngi ta thng dng h thng phn phi th ng. Sau ngi thit k b tr h thng BTS bao gm bao nhiu cell phc v,v d: trung bnh 1 cell c th phc v vi din tch 25 000m2. 3.7.2 Tnh Link-Budget cho ta nh Qu ng truyn trong h thng GSM v 3G WCDMA dng tnh ton suy hao cho php ln nht ca tn hiu t trm pht n trm thu (ch : i vi ng ln my pht l MS, my thu l BS; i vi ng xung: my pht l BS, my thu l MS). tnh c qu ng truyn cho ta nh ngi thit k phi da vo cc m hnh truyn sng v s lan truyn sng trong nh.

Hnh 3.13: S lan truyn sng trong nh Cch tt nht c thng tin v s truyn lan trong nh l thc hin test hin trng vi thit b th nghim RF ph hp. Cch ny thng c thc hin kt hp vi s tnh ton l thuyt. S kt hp hai phng php s gip ngi lp k hoch ti u ho thit k. S truyn lan RF trong nh l mt vn rt phc tp. Hin nay cha c mt phng php tnh ton no cho vng ph sng trong nh a hnh qu phc tp, c nhiu c ch lan truyn sng nh phn x, khc x, tn x xy ra. Trn th trng, c mt s phn mm c gng m phng qu trnh lan truyn sng trong nh ti mc tt nht c th. Tuy nhin, trong cc phn mm ny, cc tham s u vo nh l tng, trn nh, chng loi, dy,
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

vt liu c gi thit iu kin tt, do vy qu trnh m phng cho kt qu kh n gin. Cng c mt s phn mm yu cu cc thng s u vo rt chi tit v y nh l vt liu ca sn, trn, tng, vt liu lm ca s, ca ra vo, cng nh l v tr v kch thc ca chng. V khi cc thng s u vo khng c cung cp y , chng trnh s khng cho ra kt qu m phng. tm ra kt qu tnh ton vng ph sng ca mt anten trong nh, ngi thc hin s s dng cng thc di y nh l mt cha kha. Cng thc ny da trn m hnh truyn sng Keenan-Motley c s dng rng ri v da vo cc php o trn hin trng. = + Trong Lwi l tn hao ca bc tng th i. PL(dB)= 32.5 + 20 * log f + 20 * log d + k * F(k) + p * W(k) + D(d-db) Cng thc tnh rt gn: (tnh cho tng tng ring bit) PL(dB)= 32.5 + 20 * log f + 20 * log d + p*W(k) f : tn s (MHz), d: l khong cch t MS n antenna (km). p: s bc tng m sng trc tip truyn qua. W(k): suy hao tng, thng thng t 7dB cho tng gch thng thng v 10dB n 20dB cho tng b-tng. Cc cng thc trn p dng cho c mng GSM1800 v WCDMA 2100. Ngoi ra cn c mt s m hnh tnh ton suy hao da trn c im v cu trc xy dng ca ta nh, v s suy hao ny c biu th bng h s n. Bng 3.3: Cc gi tr n tng ng vi vt liu ta nh Mi trng Khng gian t do. Bi u xe,trung tm hi ngh. X ngip, sn bay, nh kho. Siu th, vn phng vi 80% tng gch mng v 20% tng b tng dy. Vn phng vi 50% tng mng v 50% tng b tng dy. Bnh vin, vn phng cao c vi 20% tng mng v 80% tng b tng dy. Tn s 900MHz 2 3.37 3.5 3.61 3.76 3.94 Tn s 1800/2100MHz 2 3.01 3.2 3.31 3.48 3.81

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 3.14: Suy hao trong ta vn phng c mt ngi dng cao Biu trn th hin suy hao vi cc khong cch t 1- 50m, cng xa anten th suy hao cng tng, tn s cng ln suy hao cng tng. T cng thc tnh suy hao ta c th tnh c bn knh ph sng ca anten: =10( (0))10 V cc ta nh hu ht c hnh khi l hnh vung, nn chng ta kh d dng tnh vng ph sng l hnh vung. Bn knh hnh trn 65m c kh nng ph sng mt din tch vung kch thc 90x90m. Trong qu trnh tnh ton, chng ta phi c bit ch n s suy hao ca tn hiu bi tng, vch v cc vt th trong phng, dn n bn knh ph sng ca anten s gim xung. i vi cc bc tng mng, suy hao tn hiu l 7 dB, tng b tng suy hao t 10 n 20 dB. 3.7.3 Cc thng s khc trong mng UMTS WCDMA Trong h thng UMTS WCDMA, c mt s cc thng s c bit trong qu ng truyn m khng c s dng trong h thng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM, l: 3.7.3.1 d tr fadinh nhanh (khong h iu khin cng sut) Mt s khong h cn cho cng sut pht ca trm di ng duy tr vic iu khin cng sut hp l. Thng s ny c p dng mt cch c bit cho MS i b di chuyn chm m ti iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b phading nhanh mt cch hiu qu. Mt nh hng khc ca iu khin cng sut nhanh l tng cng sut pht cn thit trung bnh (mc tng cng sut pht). Trong trng hp MS di chuyn chm, iu khin cng sut c th theo kp knh phading v mc tng cng sut trung bnh. iu ny rt cn thit trong cc cell ca MS cung cp cht lng tt nht cho cc kt ni v khng gy ra bt c mt tc hi no khi cng sut pht tng c b bi knh phading. Tuy nhin i vi cell ln cn th li tng thm nhiu bi v phading nhanh trong cc knh
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

l khng tng quan. Cc gi tr thng thng ca d tr phading nhanh l 2.0 - 5.0dB i vi cc MS di chuyn chm. 3.7.3.2 li chuyn giao mm Chuyn giao mm hay cng cung cp mt li chng li phading chm bng cch gim d tr phading chun log yu cu. Do trn thc t phading chm mt phn khng tng quan gia cc cell, v bng cch thc hin chuyn giao, my di ng c th chn la mt lin kt thng tin tt hn. Hn na, chuyn giao mm em li mt li phn tp b sung chng li phading nhanh bng cch gim Eb/No tu theo lin kt v tuyn n do tc dng ca vic kt hp phn tp macro. Tng li l mt hm s ca tc my di ng v ph thuc vo thut ton kt hp phn tp c s dng trong b thu v hin trng tr knh. Cc thng s trn nhm gip ngi lp k hoch c cch nhn tng quan v cht lng ca tng mng c th khi thit k h thng. 3.7.3.3 Chuyn giao xut hin gia h thng IBC vi cc h thng khc i vi h thng GSM -Chuyn giao gia 2 cell trong h thng. -Chuyn giao gia h thng bn trong v bn ngoi ta nh.

Hnh 3.15: Qu trnh handover trong indoor gim hin tng thng xuyn chuyn giao trong ta nh ngi thit k s a ra cc gii php sau: - Thit lp cc thng s chuyn giao ti u trong cc cell indoor:
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Trong cc cell indoor ngi thit k s thit lp thng s RxLev min ph hp trong BTS khi handover th ch s C/I 12dB, hnh trn thng s RxLev min access l -90dBm. -Thit lp ch s Handover Margin ph hp: Handover Margin l s chnh lch gia mc thu ca cell ang phc v v cc cell ln cn. Khi mc thu ca mt cell ln cn no vt qu mc thu ca cell ang phc v mt khong ln hn gi tr Handover Margin nh sn th mt Handover Alarm s c gi v h thng nhm a n quyt nh chuyn giao. Thng thng th th tc Handover s c thc hin ngay sau . Nu vic t gi tr Handover Margin qu thp s dn ti vic Handover qu nhiu, nhng ngc li khi gi tr ny t qu ln c th lm cho cht lng cuc gi b gim xung.
i vi h thng UMTS WCDMA

V cc cell ln cn trong h thng 3G s dng cng mt tn s nn thu bao s chuyn giao mm ngay khi n pht hin c BSIC ca cell neighbor vi tn hiu mnh hn cell service. Cc gii php a ra tng t nh h thng ca GSM.

Hnh 3.16: Qu trnh handover trong ta nh Khi bit c cc qu trnh chuyn giao trong h thng ngi thit k IBC s phi hp vi cc operator ang hot ng khai bo, iu chnh cc thng s chuyn giao, C/I trong BTS ca cc cell gn h thng IBC, ch cho php chuyn giao bn trong vng ph sng indoor gn vng bin, khi thu bao gn vng ph sng indoor thuc vng ph v ca macro cell th khng xy ra s chuyn giao.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

CHNG IV: XY DNG H THNG IBC CHO TO NH

Gii thiu: chng ny s tin hnh xy dng m hnh ph sng di ng cho mt to nh mu mi nm tng vi mt tng hm v su thang my c tng din tch 1600m2, kch thc 40m x 40m. Mc ch tm hiu v lm quen v cc cng on thi cng, lp t, kim tra, hon thin cc b phn, thit b ca h thng IBC.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.1: M hnh to nh mi nm tng 4.1 Phn tch kt qu kho st Kt qu o kim cht lng ph sng di ng ti cc to nh thng cho thy: Khu vc thp t tng trt n tng bn mc thu tn hiu sng di ng khng ng u, nhiu ch sng rt yu hoc khng c sng do b khut . Khu vc tng trung (t tng nm n tng mi nm) mc thu km ng thi cht lng thu thp, khng t yu cu, thng xuyn rt cuc gi. cc tng cao (t tng mi su n tng mi) mc d cng tn hiu thu c ca my di ng c ci thin nhng cht lng thu l rt ti, hin tng kh thit lp cuc gi cng nh rt cuc gi thng xuyn xy ra. L do ca hin tng ny l khi ln cao, my di ng thu c nhiu tn hiu vi cng mnh tng ng nhau t nhiu trm pht n do khng gp phi vt chn. Tuy vy, do xc sut my di ng thu c hai hay nhiu tn hiu ng knh hoc cn knh v c cng tng ng nhau l rt ln, dn n can nhiu ng knh hoc cn knh, t gy nh hng ln ti cht lng thoi, kh thit lp, hay rt cuc gi. Da trn kt qu o v kho st cc thng s ny s a ra nh gi, kt lun v cht lng ph sng trong ta nh v t a ra gii php k thut gii quyt vn trn. 4.2 Thit k, lp t v cu hnh thit b cho h thng T nhng kt qu phn tch v thng k trn, chng ta a ra nhn xt, nh gi chung nh sau: mc thu ca cc my in thoi cm tay v cht lng thu yu, xy ra chuyn giao lin tc trong ta nh dn n nh hng trc tip ti cht lng ca cuc gi. nng cao cht lng dch v v mc thu khng n nh v cc mobile trng thi non-serving khi chuyn knh, gii php k thut c la chn l:

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Lp t b sung vng ph sng cho ta nh theo cc gii php ti u. T kt qu kho st cho thy, trnh gy nhiu vi cc trm BTS xung quanh, ta nh phi c ph sng di tn s GSM1800 v 3G WCDMA 2100. Mt to nh 15 tng v 1 tng hm s c ph sng tn hiu GSM1800 v tn hiu 3G WCDMA2100. Nh khai thc lp k hoch s dng mt BTS c 4 sng mang v c t tng hm ca to nh. T kt qu trn, to nh ny c th la chn cc gii php k thut sau: +Ph sng ton b: Vic thit k tng th ph sng ton b cc tng trong to nh trn c s tch hp ng b cng h thng mng bn ngoi vi vic la chn cc tham s ph hp s gim thiu c nh hng n cc BTS xung quanh. + Ph sng cc im sng yu: Gii php ny khng th gip ci thin hiu sut chung trong to nh v ch cc im c xc nh mi c khc phc. + Lp t Repeater: Gii php ny c th gii quyt c vn can nhiu v nhng khng gii quyt c bi ton lu lng. i vi ta nh ny, ngi thc hin la chn gii php ph sng ton b l gii php nhm ci thin mc thu, cht lng thu v cung cp cho khch hng cht lng dch v tt nht. 4.2.1 La chn ngun tn hiu Cn c vo thc trng mng li ca nh khai thc ngi thit k a ra phng n s dng thit b trm thu pht gc Microcell lm ngun pht tn hiu nhm ph sng ton b to nh. L do ca vic la chn gii php ny: Vic trin khai t nh hng n cc trm Marco hin c xung quanh to nh. Dung lng ca ta nh khng ln nn khng cn phi s dng thit b dung lng ln Marco. Tn s s dng cho trm ny thuc bng tn DCS 1800 MHz v 3G WCDMA 2100MHz. y l gii php ti u cho vng ph nh bn trong khun vin ta nh. m bo cng sut pht ra ca h thng anten ln, ngi thit k chn cng sut pht ra ca thit b Microcell i vi GSM 1800 l 42 dBm v 3G WCDMA 2100 l 33dBm. Trong gii php ny, thit b thu pht tn hiu trm gc Microcell c t trong phng thit b k thut. Thit b thu pht s c kt ni v tng i di ng ca cc nh khai thc thng qua cc truyn dn viba hoc cp quang, y ngi thit k dng viba thu pht tn hiu cho h thng v c t ti tng mi v dn tn hiu xung BTS t tng hm ca ta nh. Tn hiu t trm Microcell ny s c phn phi ph sng cho cc tng thng qua h thng anten phn tn (DAS) bao gm cc phn t th ng nh anten t ti cc tng, cc b trch tn hiu coupler, cc b chia tn hiu splitter v cc h thng cp feeder dn tn hiu.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.2: Gii php s dng repeater vi 3 anten tch tn hiu t Splitter chia 3 Ngi thit k s dng anten v hng c tng ch 3 dBi ph sng hnh lang tng hm v vng thang b. Cc cn h ca ca to nh c ph sng bi cc anten ng hng lp t bn ngoi hnh lang li i chung c hng ph sng 2400 ra bn gc bin ta nh. Cc thang my ta nh c ph bi cc anten panel 14dBi t hc thang my tng hm. Ngoi ra, hin nay c th trin khai h thng ph sng di ng cho ta nh bng vic s dng h thng Repeater. 4.2.2 H thng cp ngun, tip t Ngun in 220VAC hoc ngun in 3 pha 380 VAC c ly t ngun in ca ta nh. Do phng t BTS c t trong phng k thut ca to nh nn ngun in c cp ti ch. Cp ngun c s dng c tit din li l 6mm/li. Sau khi i qua UPS 3KVA, ngun c cp nui BTS, cc thit b cnh bo, ngoi vi. Tiu chun Ngnh: TCN 68-140-1995: Chng qu p, qu dng bo v ng dy v thit b thng tin - yu cu k thut. Ngun in nui iu ha cng c ly t ng cp ny, nhng khng i qua UPS. Ngoi ra, ngun in 220VAC c cp cho cc b khuch i. Tip t ca cc thit b trong phng t BTS c ni vi h thng tip t ca ta nh, yu cu ca h thng tip t phi c in tr sut nh hn 5. Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68-141-1999: Tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng. Cc h thng cp in v cp tn hiu phi c t trn cu cp v c c nh bng gt nha.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Cc thit b trong phng my cn c lp t cch xa v tr iu ho trnh hng hc do nc iu ho chy xung.

4.2.3 H thng cp feeder v cc b chia tn hiu Lp t 1 trm thu pht BTS RBS 2216 v Node B dng RBS 3216 ti phng k thut nm ti tng hm ca ta nh. Phng k thut c kch thc ph hp vi tiu chun k thut v c lp t b sung h thng iu ho khng kh, b cnh bo BTS. Thit lp ch lm vic ca BTS ch u tin, vic khai bo ny do operator ci t ti BSC ca nh cung cp dch v. H thng feeder chy trong ta nh c thit k theo kiu backbone, trong c mt feeder trc chy dc ta nh t tng mt ln n tng trn cng. Ti mi tng, cng sut c phn phi v iu khin thng qua cc b coupler. gim thiu suy hao cng sut trn feeder, ng trc backbone c s dng loi feeder 7/8. Ti mi tng, do vic thi cng rt kh khn, va m bo yu cu k thut, va m bo tnh kh thi trong thi cng, ngi thc hin s dng loi feeder 1/2. Ti cc v tr gy 900 ngi thit k s dng cc adapter vung kt ni 2 dy, nhm m bo thm m tt nht cho ta nh. Anten Omni - Indoor 3dBi 3600 c b tr ti cc im c mc thu RxLev thp nhm tng mc thu trong ton b to nh. Anten c lp st trn gi, rt m bo m quan cho ta nh. Cc anten c ni vi cc b chia, b trn bng feeder 1/2.

4.2.4 H thng anten trong to nh T BTS, feeder c phn chia thnh 4 ng ni ti h thng anten cho to nh, bn ng feeder ny kt hp 2 bng tn DCS 1800 v 3G WCDMA 2100 thng qua b Hybrid coupler. Ta nh ny c trc gen chy thng sut t tng hm n tng 15. Khong cch t trc gen n u ra BTS khong 10m. ng trc feeder loi 7/8 chy sut t tng hm n tng 15. C th ti tng hm l ni sng di ng rt thp, ngi thc hin b tr tm bn anten Omni- Indoor 3dBi 3600 v 3 anten Panel-Direction14dBi t ti 3 thang my, cc anten ny s c gn ln trn b tng thng qua cc thanh st . Hnh di y minh ho cch gn anten ln trn b tng ca tng hm.

Hnh 4.3: Anten Omni c gn tng hm


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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

- i vi cc tng khc (S dng cu trc trn gi): Cc anten v hng s c gn ln trn gi bng cc b g treo anten nh hnh minh ha di.

Hnh 4.4: Anten Omni c gn trn trn gi - Ti mi tng trong ta vi din tch 40mx40m = 1600m2 vy ngi thit k s lp t mt anten Omni-Indoor 3dBi 3600 gia sn v 4 anten Omni-Direction- Indoor 4,5dBi 2400 hng ra bn gc ti mi tng ta nh, bn knh phm vi ph sng ca anten l 16m c o trong bn v mt bng ca ta nh, cc anten ny c gn di b g cao 4cm, s dng u connector vung. Ta nh c tng cng 6 thang my dng cho hot ng lu thng v chuyn ch i li, ngi thit k s lp t 6 anten Panel-Direction14dBi t ti 6 thang my.

Hnh 4.5: B tr anten Panel trn nh ta nh ri hng n thang my

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Phn phi cng sut ra mi tng thng qua cc b coupler vi cc mc phn tch l 3db v 5db. Yu cu v lu lng cho ta nh vn c tnh nh trn. Bn sng mang trong BTS c th p ng c yu cu. Trong mt mng hai bng tn, cc sng mang c phn b trn c hai bng tn. Do vy, h thng s pht 2 sng mang DCS1800 v 2 sng mang 3G WCDMA 2100. Tng cng sut pht tn hiu ca BTS l 18W, i vi GSM1800 l 16W(42dBm)/tn s v 2W(33dBm)/tn s i vi WCDMA 2100. Hai bng tn c kt hp vi nhau qua b Hybrid Combiner c suy hao l 6,2dB, y ta ch s dng 2 ng vo tng ng vi 2 bng tn v 4 ng ra kt hp 2 bng tn phn phi cng sut ngang bng ra cc anten. Thi cng h thng phn phi nten i vi hu ht cc to nh chng ti u khuyn ngh s dng h thng anten phn tn th ng (DAS). H thng anten phn tn c cp chi tit ny cn cn m bo ph hp vi cc yu cu s dng cng nh ca cng ngh mi m khng cn phi tng thm chi ph do phi thay i kin trc thit k cng nh mi trng truyn dn. Hu ht cc h thng anten phn tn hin nay u c thit k vi m hnh kin trc phn cp hnh sao ph hp vi cc chun i cp trong cc to nh thng mi, v c bn ti 15 nm m vn p ng c cho qu trnh pht trin rt nhanh chng ca cc cng ngh vin thng do cc nhu cu tng cng sut s dng, do nhiu dch v mi ra i (iu ny thng th hin qua qu trnh nng cp lin tc ring phn cc thit b vin thng tng phn hoc ton b trong 3 n 5 nm mt ln). H thng anten phn tn DAS c s thit k da trn m hnh kin trc hnh sao c sa i bng vic kt hp vi cc ng trc chnh kt ni cc im tm. Vi m hnh kin trc ny, mi g lin kt s c lp vi cc ng khc, vic thay i cc kt ni s ch nh hng n chnh kt ni ny. Mt li im khc, m hnh kin trc ny cho php cc h thng anten phn tn ny c th c trin khai tng giai on mt tu theo yu cu s dng thng qua vic phn mng thnh cc h thng thnh phn. Mt h thng anten phn tn DAS c th c t chc thnh cc h thng thnh phn chi tit nh sau: H thng thit v vin thng: bao gm BTS, Repeater,... Phn ny s kt ni n mng li ca cc nh cung cp dch v v thng c chnh cc nh cung cp dch v cung cp v trin khai. H thng cp trc chnh: Bao gm cp feeder 7/8 hoc c th kt hp vi cp quang, cc b kt ni quang, b chia cn bng spliter hoc khng cn bng coupler... H thngny cung cp cc tuyn cp chnh trong to nh v lin kt cc tng vi nhau. H thng cp phn tn ngang: Bao gm cp Feeder , adapter, cp nhy, b chia cng sut, u ni connector,... h thng ny m rng h thng cp trc chnh ni trn ra cc khu vc lp t anten.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.6: Lm u connector v u ni vo coupler H thng anten phn tn: bao gm cc anten, cc b gi lp,... h thng ny hon thin nt nhim v ca ton b cc h thng trn bng vai tr thu pht song, lm vic trc tip vi cc u cui s dng dch v.

Hnh 4.7: Nhn vin ang u ni u connector cp feeder 1/2 vo anten omni 4.2.5 Thit k h thng IBS theo trc ng Mt h thng IBS c s nh sau: BTS --->Hybrid Combiner/ POI --->Feeder --->Amplifier---->Feeder---->Anten

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.8: M hnh h thng IBS theo trc ng Tn hiu t trm BTS s c cho qua b ghp kt hp. B ghp kt hp( Hybrid Combiner ): C tc dng kt hp t 2 nh khai thc mng dng chung mt h thng. i vi nhng ta nh ln phi dng Amlifier khch i tn hiu (ng ngha vi vic nu Amplifier khng tt s khch i c nhiu). Sau khi qua Feeder cable s dn n h thng anten cc tng ca ta nh. Sau khi kho st xong, cng vic tip theo l bn b phn thit k h thng. Ty vo s tng cng nh din tch mt bng ca cng trnh m ngi k s quyt nh c s dng repeater hay khng. Vic tnh ton phi ht sc k lng gia vic s dng nhiu anten hay vic s dng repeater (tng cng sut pht lm tng vng ph sng ca anten). Trnh t cng vic c th nu ngn gn nh sau: Da trn bn v kin trc ca ch u t cung cp cng vi vic kho st thc t ta nh, ngi k s s bit c cc v tr thch hp t cc nten (thng thng l cc hnh lang, t khi t trong phng hay trong cn h). y, ngi thit k dng phn mm Auto Cad m cc file kin trc, sau lc b ht cc lp ni tht, lp text ch dng lp ARC-PLAN l lp kt cu tng nh. Sau th v thm lp t cc nten v i dy t BTS Room n cc anten. T bn v ngi thit k bit c chiu di dy cp t l bao nhiu (da trn t l bn v so vi thc t).

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.9: S b tr v tr t anten tng hm Ty theo tng tng c kt cu b tng khc nhau (dy hay mng, nhiu hay t tng chn th suy hao khc nhau), din tch khc nhau s a ra cc gii php khc nhau. Dng loi nten no (v hng hay c hng), s lng bao nhiu, i dy cp t h thng cp ng n nten (cp ng loi 1/2hay 7/8). Nu ton nh trn 15 tng th phi dng cp quang ( suy hao t). Trn l thuyt nu dng ton cp quang cho vic i dy trc ng th s cht lng tt hn nhng b li tnh kinh t khng cao v phi s dng cc b bin i quang sang in, in sang quang, kh khn trong vic bo tr dy cp (cp ng bn hn cp quang).

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.10: S hnh cy h thng phn phi anten

Hnh 4.11: Hnh m phng vng ph sng ca cc anten Nu dy feeder cng di th suy hao t BTS n thit b bc x cng ln. Cng sut ti nten cng ln th vng ph sng cng rng, tt nhin phi d tr suy hao do b nh hng ca cc bc tng b tng. V cng ty vo hnh dng ca mt bng, iu kin cho php m c th dng thm cc anten c hng tng cng.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.12: Hnh m phng vng ph sng ca cc anten (c dng anten c hng) 4.2.6 Lp t phng BTS room Phng BTS thng c t tng hm hay tng thng ca ta nh. Sau c c ngun tn hiu bng phng php truyn dn v tuyn hay hu tuyn th dn xung phng BTS bng cp ng hay cp quang.

Hnh 4.13: Truyn dn v tuyn t BTS gn nht ca nh mng n phng BTS Ty vo s lng ngi dng cn c ph sng vi kt cu ta nh m ngi thit k c th s dng cc thit b ph tr: RF repeater, Wideband in line Boosters, Fibre Optic Repeater, Combiner..

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.14: La chn thit b ty theo tng mi trng kt hp tn hiu ca nhiu nh mng khc nhau, c th dng thit b combiner kt hp sng li vi nhau. Hin nay ti Vit Nam c thm mng 3G th phi dng thit b a nng hn, in hnh l Multiband Inbuilding Solution Point Of Interconnects.

Hnh 4.15: Thit b POI ca hng Comba

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Hnh 4.16: S thit k h thng ca IBC th ng ca ta nh 4.3 Kim tra cht lng tn hiu khi h thng IBC i vo hot ng Sau khi ngi thc hin n hon thnh mt h thng IBC s a h thng i vo hot ng v phc v cho cc thu bao trong ta nh. Ngi thit k s tin hnh tng bc kim tra cht lng tn hiu bn trong ta nh.
o mc tn hiu trong ta nh:

S dng my o TEMS, NEMO hoc my in thoi c chc nng hin th tham s mng o. Cc im chun c xc nh nh sau: Di tt c cc anten cc tng. Cc khu vc nh: cu thang b, vng bin ca ta nh. Ti thiu 200m2 phi th hin c mt im chun. Mc thu yu cu i vi tng h thng: i vi h thng 2G: mc thu di anten: Rxlevel: -55dBm Vng bin ta nh: Rxlevel: -85dBm i vi h thng 3G: mc thu di anten: RSCP: -70dBm Vng bin to nh: RSCP: -95dBm o cht lng thoi (SQI) v cht lng thu (RxQual): Mc thu RxQual = 0. Ch tiu SQI cho cuc gi half rate phi t gi tr ti thiu l 17, i vi cuc gi full rate l 21, i vi Enhanced Full Rate l 30. Kim tra cht lng ph sng trong thang my: Thc hin cuc gi bn ngoi thang my ti tng thp nht v i vo thang my th cuc gi vn tip tc khi thang my di chuyn ln n tng cao nht. Ra khi thang my trong khi cuc gi vn kt ni, khng xy ra rt cuc gi.
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Mc thu RxLevel trong thang my phi -85 dBm. Mc thu RSCP trong thang my phi -95 dBm. nh gi v t l thit lp cuc gi v chuyn giao T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng (Call Setup Success Rate) 98%. T l rt cuc gi (Drop Call Rate) 1%. T l chuyn giao cuc gi (Handover Success Rate) 98%. Handover 3G sang 2G trong trng hp thu bao i t trong ta nh ra ngoi ta nh. 2G sang 3G ch p dng trong trng hp IDLE MODE (thu bao chuyn vng t 2G sang vng 3G s cp nht ngay vo 3G khi sng ln). Kim tra h thng anten, feeder S dng my o (Wiltron Sitemaster hoc Bird Site Analyzer) kim tra cht lng Anten/feeder theo thng s ca nh sn xut. Yu cu h s sng ng 1.3 (VSWR 1.3). Kt qu kim tra chi tit vng ph sng cc tng. S dng my TEMS, NEMO hoc tng ng walking test. Thc hin 2 mu cuc gi cho 100m2 (ty vo din tch tng m c s mu cuc gi tng ng). Cc cuc gi c thc hin trong khong thi gian 60 giy, thi gian ngh gia 2 cuc l 5 giy. Cc cuc gi phi c thc hin t cu dng lnh my o. Mc thu RxLevel -85 dBm trn 98% din tch ta nh. Mc thu RSCP - 95 dBm trn 98% din tch ta nh. Mc thu Ec/No - 10dBm trn 98% din tch ta nh. Kim tra dy cp H thng DAS sau khi c lp t bn trn tng th kh c th bit c cht lng ca cp. Trong nhiu trng hp sng yu hay khng c sng th nguyn nhn ch yu l o cp gy hay u connector lm khng ng k thut hoc anten b h hng. bit c nguyn nhn do u th, ngi k s c th dng my o h s sng ng kim tra. Mi anten u c thng s v h s sng ng ty theo tng bng tn. V d: Anten Omni thng c h s sng ng khong <1.5, nhng theo tiu chun yu cu l <1.3, vi <1.2 l tt.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN


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Kt lun: Vi bo co ny, Em trnh by c s l thuyt v quy trnh tng bc thit k h thng IBS cho mt ta nh, v thit k hon chnh mt h thng ph sng di ng thc t cho mt ta nh mu c th p dng cho cc ta nh tng t, ngoi ra n cn phn tch cc thng s ca mng da trn my o Tems Investigation v Tems pocket, khng nhng o cc thng s mng trong Indoor m cn phc v cho vic o cc thng s cho cc cell Macro outdoor, thc hin Driving test, phn tch handover, phc v cho vic quy hoch, ti u ha v nng cp mng. Hn ch ca bo co l ch a ra cch thit k cho mt ta nh cao tng t 15- 25 tng vi dung lng trung bnh, i vi cc ta nh cao tng hn v dung lng cao cn phi c h thng cp quang thay cho h thng feeder gim suy hao, lc ny h thng cn phi b sung thm nhng phn t bin i Quang-in v ngc li, lm cho h thng phc tp hn nhiu.
Hng pht trin ti:

y Em ch trnh by v vic thit mt h thng ph sng di ng trong ta nh, ngoi ra gii php Inbuilding bao gm nhiu thnh phn khc nh h thng Wireless Lan, h thng IPTV, h thng truyn hnh cp Tng lai s pht trin h thng ph sng di ng tch hp nhiu dch v nh h thng Wireless Lan, h thng truyn hnh cp, v nghin cu, ng dng h thng ph sng di ng dng cp quang gim suy hao ti a cho h thng khi gi thnh cp quang ngy cng r i. p ng c cht lng v gi c dch v cho nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

TI LIU THAM KHO


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Sch tham kho: [1]. PTS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng th h 3 (tp 1), Nh xut bn bu in, 2001. [2]. PTS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, cdmaOne v cdma2000, Nh xut bn bu in, H Ni 1997. [3]. KS inh Th Minh Nguyt, Gii php ph sng di ng trong cc cng trnh c bit 2008. [4]. Inbuilding system solution slide of: Ericsson, Alcatel, Singtel, Digi Business Confidential, Qualcomm. [5]. Professor Simon R. Saunders, Indoor Radio Planning, A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Publication, United Kingdom-2008. [6]. J.D.Parsons, The mobile radio propagation channel-Second Edition, A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Publication, United Kingdom-2000.
Cc Web Site tham kho:

www.ericsson.com.review www.ericsson.com/tems www.telestone.com www.gsmworld .com www.umtsworld.com www.ericson.com www.nokia.com

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

NHN XT V NH GI
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C S THC TP:

.... .............................................................................................................................................. GING VIN HNG DN:

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