CHNG 1:

GII THIU IPTV V CC DCH V NG DNG

Ngy nay, vi s pht trin ca nghnh cng nghip truyn hnh s a truyn hnh thng thng sang thi i ca truyn hnh k thut s. Hu ht cc hot ng ca truyn hnh phi c nng cp v trin khai da trn k thut s a ti cho khch hng cc dch v k thut s tinh vi hn. Mt k thut mi c gi l truyn hnh da trn giao thc Internet IPTV. Nh tn gi, IPTV c miu t nh l mt c ch truyn ti lung ni dung truyn hnh da trn nn tng l mt mng s dng giao thc IP. Li ch ca c ch ny l kh nng phn phi nhiu loi tn hiu truyn hnh khc nhau, tng cc tnh nng tng tc v ci tin tng thch vi cc mng thu bao ang tn ti. Trong chng ny s trnh by v khi nim IPTV, thnh phn, cu trc mng IPTV, m hnh TCP/IP v cc dch v ca IPTV. 1.1 Lch s IPTV: Nm 1994, World News Now ca ABC c bui trnh chiu truyn hnh qung b qua mng Internet u tin, s dng phn mm CU-SeeMe videoconferencing. T chc lin quan n IPTV u tin xut hin l vo nm 1995, vi s thnh lp Precept Software bi Judith Estrin v Bill Carrico. H thit k v xy dng mt sn phm internet video gi l "IP/TV". IP/TV l mt MBONE tng thch vi cc ng dng trn Windows v Unix, thc hin truyn m thanh, hnh nh thng qua c giao thc unicast v IP multicast RTP/RTCP. H thng ny c Cisco Systems mua vo nm 1998 v Cisco gi li tn "IP/TV". AudioNet bt u tin hnh nghin cu live webcasts vi WFAA-TV trong thng nm 1998, v KCTU-LP vo mng 10 thng 1 nm 1998. Kingston Communications, mt nh cung cp dch v vin thng UK, trin khai KIT (Kingston Interactive Television), v IPTV qua mng bng rng DSL vo thng 9 nm 1999 sau khi th nghim dch v TV v VoD. Nh cung cp ny thm dch v VoD vo h thng trong thng 10 nm

2001 vi h thng Yes TV. Kingston l mt trong nhng cng ty u tin trn th gii trin khai IPTV v IP VoD qua mng ADSL. Hin nay, IPTV pht trin hu khp cc ni trn th gii, t chu M, chu u, chu . Nht l ti chu , vi cc th trng nh Hn Quc, Nht Bn, Trung Quc v c Vit Nam, mt trong nhng nc ang i u c nhiu cng ty khai thc cng ncgh IPTV, dch v ny ngy cng pht trin vi lng thu bao ngy cng tng. Ti thi im ny Vit Nam c ba nh mng cung cp dch v IPTV l www.mytv.com.vn - 1 sn phm ca VNPT, hay www.tv.fpt.vn ca FPT v cui cng l sn phn IPTV ca VTC. 1.2 nh ngha v IPTV: IPTV l tn vit tt ca cm t Internet Protocol Television _ truyn hnh qua giao thc Internet. Truyn hnh s dng giao thc IP (Internet Protocol TV- IPTV), l mt h thng cc dch v truyn hnh s cung cp ti ngi tiu dng ng k thu bao s dng giao thc IP trn kt ni bng rng. IPTV c cung cp trn Internet nn i khi dch v ny cn c gi l Internet TV hay Web TV. IPTV thng c cung cp cng vi dch v Demand (VoD) v cng c th cung cp cng vi cc dch v Internet khc nh truy cp Web v VoiP, do cn c gi l Triple Play v c cung cp bi nh khai thc dch v bng rng s dng chung mt h tng mng. 1.3. Mt s c tnh ca IPTV : - H tr truyn hnh tng tc: Kh nng hai chiu ca h thng IPTV cho php nh cung cp dch v phn phi ton b cc ng dng truyn hnh tng tc. Cc loi dch v c truyn ti thng qua mt dch v IPTV c th bao gm truyn hnh trc tip chun (SDTV), truyn hnh cht lng cao (HDTV), tr chi tng tc, v kh nng truy nhp Internet tc cao.

- S dch thi gian: IPTV kt hp vi mt my ghi video k thut s cho php dch thi gian ni dung chng trnh - mt c ch cho vic ghi v lu tr ni dung cc chng trnh truyn hnh yu thch xem sau. - C nhn ha: Mt h thng IPTV t u cui n u cui h tr truyn thng tin hai chiu v cho php ngi dng c nhn ha nhng thi quen xem TV ca h bng cch cho php h quyt nh ni dung v thi gian h mun xem. - Yu cu v bng thng thp: Thay v phn phi trn mi knh ti mi ngi dng nh trong truyn hnh qung b (broadcast) thng thng, cng ngh IPTV cho php nh cung cp dch v ch truyn trn mt knh (Multicast & Unicast) m ngi dng yu cu. c im hp dn ny cho php nh iu hnh mng c th tit kim bng thng ca mng. - H tr nhiu loi thit b u cui: Vic xem ni dung IPTV by gi khng ch gii hn thit b u cui l TV. Ngi dng c th s dng my tnh c nhn hay thit b di ng truy xut vo cc dch v IPTV. 1.4 Phn loi dch v IPTV H thng IPTV pht trin da trn h thng mng IP, c chia thnh hai loi chnh : dch v truyn hnh qung b v dich v truyn hnh theo yu cu. 1.4.1 Cc dch v IPTV. a. live TV y c hiu l dch v truyn hnh s trn nn mng IP cung cp dng pht (Broadcast ) nhng chng trnh truyn hnh c thu li t h thng truyn hnh mt t, truyn hnh cp, truyn hnh v tinh hoc knh truyn ring ti khch hng. Vi gii php IPTV,nh cung cp dch v c th ng nhiu loi knh truyn hnh thnh cc gi nhm cung cp cho khch hng vi cc gi cc linh hot khc nhau. Set-top-box ( STB ) c giao din hng dn xem chng trnh v k hoch pht sng chng trnh TV cp nht d dng. Ngi xem c th chuyn knh thun tin trn STB ti u cui ca khch hng.

b. Time shifted TV Tnh nng tm ngng TV l tnh nng gip ngi xem c th tm ngng dng knh truyn hnh ang pht v c th xem tip sau . V d ngi xem tm ngng khi cn nghe in thoi , sau khi cuc gi kt thc ngi xem c th xem chng trnh TV tip tc thi im trc hoc xem tip nh bnh thng. IPTV kt hp vi b ghi hnh video s cho php dch chuyn thi gian xem ni dung chng trnh , y l k thut ghi hnh v lu tr ni dung c th xem li sau. c. Vitual Channel from VoDs. Dch v ny cho php bin tp c ni dung VoD cng th loi ( m nhc, thi trang , th thao) thnh mt knh chuyn theo th hiu ca khch hng. Ngi qun tr c kh nng qun l v theo di cc knh o to ra. d. NVoD Chc nng ny cho php h thng pht mt chng trnh truyn hnh hoc VoD ty chn lp li nhiu ln trn cc knh multicast khc. Vi cng mt ni dng pht cch nhau mt khong thi gian ( interval ) , do vy khch hng c th tr tin PPV ( Pay-per-view ) v xem ti cc thi im ty . e.Mobile TV Dch v ny l hng pht trin tng lai m bo cung cp knh truyn hnh, VoD v cc dch v ca h thng IPTV n cc khch hng ca mng di ng. 1.4.2.Dch v theo yu cu a. VoD i vi dch v video theo cu ( VoD ), ngi xem la chn cc video ( phim , video clip) trc tip t th vin ca nh ca nh cung cp xem qua trn TV ca khch hng . Th vin h tr tnh nng tim kim , hin th danh sch v miu t cc video cng vi vic gii thiu hp dn ca video. Nhm khuyn khch khn gi xem phim, ngi xem c th xem qua

cc bn tm tt phim, xem trc cc on phim demo ri mi quyt nh c mua hay khng. b. TVoD Tnh nng ny cho php cc chng trnh Live TV c lu li trn server trong mt khong thi gian no c th la chon xem li ( nh i vi VoD ) cc chng trnh m b l. c. Game on Demand Dch v ny cung cp nhng tr chi gii tr n gin cho khch hng. Cc tr chi ny c th chi trc tip bng cch truyn ( streaming) t h thng IPTV server n STP. STP thng phi h tr java chi c cc game. H thng c ch tnh im v ghi thng tin ngi chi. d. Music on Demand Cc thu bao c th xem nhng clip theo yu cu ging nh dch v VoD. e. Karaoke on demand Cc thu bao c th chn v xem cc bi karaoke qua STB trn TV. T list cc thu bao c gii thiu, thu bao c th mua mt hoc nhiu bi ht cng lc. Bng cch ghp ni thm h thng m thanh chuyn dng, khch hng c th thoi mi ht karaoke theo yu cu. 1.4.3. Cc dch v tng tc a. Personal video Recorder ( PVR ), Client Peronal Video Recording ( cPVR ) Trong trng hp ny, thu bao c th thu li cc chng trnh vo th mc ca mnh, cc thu bao s tr tin thng qua ti khon. i vi ni dung c m ha, kha gii m s c download t trn h thng ti thi im xem ni dung. Chc nng ny thu bao c th chia s nhng hnh nh ca h cho bn b v nhng ngi thn ca h. b. Networked Personal Video Recorder (n PVR ) nPVR l m hnh phn mng ghi v pht li ni dung ca cc knh truyn hnh. C th khng nht thit ghi li tt c cc knh truyn hnh,

nPVR s gii hn trc ch nhng chng trnh c chn, nhng chng trnh ny c th c ghi li vi mc ch iu khin lu tr d liu. c. Guess and Voting Cung cp tnh nng bnh chn trc tip v dch v tr chi v d on chi ph ngi xem qua TV. Vic d on bnh chn c kt hp th trc tip trn cc chng trnh . d. TV- Education Cung cp tt c dch v hc tp, o to theo ni dung v theo tng la tui . H thng h tr kh nng qun l ni dung cc chng trnh hc tp. Giao din h thng m bo thn thin, EPG hin th d dng thun tin cho khch hng. e. Commerce Thng mi qua TV l cc dch v tng tc cho php khc hng trao i, mua bn v u gi nhng sn phm c gii thiu TV hoc nhng chng trnh qung co. thu bao c th ng k, thc hin cc dch v ny h thng cn h tr cc phng thc c hng, thanh ton, giao hng n tn tay ngi dng. f.Chc nng tng tc qua mobile Dch v ny cho php thu bao c th xem v tng tc hnh nh thng qua cc thit bi cm tay ca mnh iu khin mi qua trnh tng tc ca STB i vi h thng qua thit b cm tay ca mnh. 1.4.4. Cc dch v gia tng khc. Cc dch v gia tng khc khai thc trn h thng IPTV nh : Tin nhn SMS/MMS TV mail Media Sharing ( photo Album ) ( chia s phng tin truyn thng (album nh ) Video Blog Global Monitorting ( s kim tra ton cu )

 Game Online ( tr chi trc tuyn ) 1.5. Kin trc h thng cung cp dch v IPTV 1.5.1 M hnh mng

Hnh 1.1 M hnh mng 1.5.2. Cc thnh phn cung cp dch v Broadcast Video. a. B nn Video thi gian tc thi. B nn video thi gian trc tip nhn tn hiu audio, video t cc ngun pht broadcast video ( tn hiu c th dng tng t hoc s ), sau chuyn i tn hiu ny thnh cc gi IP mang d liu audio/video dng c nn s. b. EPG EPG cung cp thng tin v cc knh truyn hnh n broadcast client chy trn cc STP EPG thng c xy dng di dng mt HTTP server v cc knh truyn hnh c hin th di dng cc trang web. ng dng

EPG s m nhn vic xc thc chng thc mt thu bao i vi dch v broadcast. c. Broadcast client Broadcast client l mt tin trnh ng dng chy trn STB m nhim vic cung cp giao din ngi dng v iu khin cho cc dch v Brocast video. Broadcast client cng vi EPG to ra giao din xc thc thu bao cho cc dch v. Vic xc thc thng c thc hin bng cc giao thc xc thc ca tng ng dng ( Application layer ). Brocadcast client hin th thng tin v cc knh truyn hnh s dng d liu ly c t EPG v to ra giao din iu kin phc v thay i knh bng IGMP. 1.5.3. Cc thnh phn cung cp dch v Video theo yu cu a.H thng phn phi ni dung H thng phn phi ni dung ( Asset Distribution Stystem ASD ) ly ni dung video t cc nh cung cp ni dung v s dng cc quy tc kinh doanh phn phi ni dung ny n nhng khu vc khc nhau trong h thng mng ca nh cung cp dch v. ASD c th c s dng thay i cc thng tin m t ( metadata ) ca ni dung video nhm b xung cc thng tin lin lc n cc quy tc kinh doanh nh gi ca ni dung video, gi dch v ca ni dung video, ni dung video c cn c m ha khng , Da trn cc quy tc kinh doanh , ASD s phn phi ni dung n phn h qun l ti nguyn ti cc video server cc khu vc khc nhau. b. Navigation server. Navigation server cung cp cc thng tin v ni dung VoD cho-demand client chy trn STB. Navigation server thng c thc hin bi mt

HTTP server v hin th thng tin cc v ni dung video di dng trang web. Navigation server s dng thng tin t h thng qun l ti nguyn xc nh nhng ni dung video no c hin th t n thu bao. i vi cc ni dung c cung cp di dng gi thu bao th navigation server c th s dng thng tin trong c s d liu khch hng iu chnh nhng thng tin c hin th. c.Phn h qun l phin phn h qun l phin l im lin lc trung tm cho cc yu cu phin VoD t on- demand client chy trn STB. Thnh phn ny c qun l vng i ca mt phin video v m nhim vic iu phi cc ti nguyn khc nhm gi cc lung video tng ng vi cc yu cu t on- demand client. d.Phn h bn quyn Phn h bn quyn c chc nng xc nh mt ni dung video ch c xem bi nhng thu bao c cp php phn h bn quyn s dng thng tin t ASD xy dng c s d liu cho bit cc ni dung video trong cc gi thu bao khc. e. Video pump Video pump l thnh phn lu tr v streaming ca h thng VoD. Video pump cha cc thit b lu tr , ni dung video c t chc sao cho c th gi bt k mt ni dung video no vi mt tt xc nh trc. Thnh phn streaming thc hin ly file t h thng lu tr v y vo mng. Video pump phi c kh nng iu kin cc lung video mc ti thiu, v

d : fast-forwarnd,rewindphc v cho qu trnh xem ni dung ca thu bao. f. Phn h qun l ti nguyn Phn h qun l cc lung video, cc thic b lu tr ca mt nhm cc video pump. Phn h ny nh v, sao chp ni dung cng nh cp pht cc video pump cho cc yu cu video nhn c t phn h qun l phin. u vo, phn h qun l ti nguyn tip nhn ni dung t h thng phn phi ni dung v sao chp ni dung ny n cc video pump m n qun l. u ra, n c nhim v p ng yu cu t h qun l phin bng cch ch ra video pump s phc v cho yu cu . g.On-demand client (Theo yu cu ca khch hng ). y l mt qu tin trnh ng dng chy trn STB, c nhim v cung cp giao din ngi dng v c iu kin cc dch v theo yu cu. On- demand client cung cp giao din ngi dng duyt cc ni dung theo yu cu bng cch s dng cc dch v ca navigation server Ondemand client cng tng tc vi phn h qun l phin yu cu mt lung video theo yu cu. h.Cc thnh phn chung H thng truy cp c iu kin ( conditional Access System CAS )

ng vai tr l h tng qun l v phn phi cc kha m c s dng m ha cc ni dung video. M ha ni dung c s dng nh l lp bo v th hai chng li nn n cp ni dung. Lp bo v u tin cho c dch v broadcast ln dch v theo yu cu c tch hp trong ng dng chy trn STB.

Hnh 1.2. S khi mng IPTV 1.6. Nhng yu cu vi dch v video 1.6.1. H tng mng IP H thng IPTV hot ng da trn giao thc mng IP,s dng theo phng thc truyn ti unicast vi VoD v muticast vi dch v qung b. Vy nn, a tn hiu IPTV n khch hng cn phi c mt h tng mng truyn ti IP, cc thit b cng ngh IP h tr tnh nng muticast v unicast. 1.6.2. Bng thng kt ni So vi cc dch v thoi, internet th bng thng dnh cho cc dch v video cao nhiu cao hn nhiu. mt lung video vi phn gii chun ( standard-dephinition ) vi chun nn MPGE -4/H.264 yu cu bng thng 2Mbps. 1.6.3. Bng thng khng i xng

Lu lng video ( bao gm c thu bao yu cu ln broadcast ) u c truyn i mng theo hng ( hng xung ). Ch c thng tin iu kim l c truyn i theo hng ngi li ( hng ln ).Do , chi ph v h tng c th gim bt khi xy dng cc lin kt n hng. 1.6.4. Cht lng dch v Cht lng video khi truyn trn mng IP phi m bo khng b gim st so vi cc loi truyn hnh thng thng ( truyn hnh cp, s v tinh, ). m bo s suy gim cht lng video khi truyn qua mng IP kh nhn bit c t pha khch hng cn c gn hn ch s xut hin ca cc li suy gim cht lng m khc hng c th d dng nhn bit c. 1.6.5. S sn sng ca dch v Mi loi dch v c mt mc sn sng khc nhau.Cc dch v broadcast c th tnh cht quan trng l tnh thi giao thc, thu bao khng th quay tr li xem on chng trnh pht. Do , s sn sng t ra i vi dch v broadcast l rt cao. Trong khi , i vi cc dch v video theo yu cu thu bao hon ton c th xem li cng nh b qua mt on ni dung no . Hn na t l thu bao s dng dch v ny ti a cng ch nm trong khong t 10% n 20%. Do , yu cu v tnh nng sn sng i vi dch v ny thp hn ng k so vi dch v broadcast.

Chng 2(vien thong) CC GII PHP K THUT TRIN KHAI H THNG IPTV 2.1. Gii php lu chn chun nn hnh nh Mc ch ca nn video l gim bt s bit khi lu tr v truyn bng cch loi b lng thng tin d tha trong tng frame v dng k thut m ha ti thiu ha lng thng tin quan trng cn la tr. Vi mt thit b lu hnh k thut s thng thng , nh sau khi c s ha s c nn li. Qu trnh nn s x l cc d liu trong nh a hnh nh vo mt khng gian hp hn nh trong thit b nh k thut s ha qua ng dy in thoi 2.1.1Chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet. Tnh cht chung ca cc nh s l tng quan gia cc pixel cch nhau ln, iu ny dn n d tha thng tin biu din nh. Vic da tha thng tin dn ti vic m ha khng ti u. Do vy, ta cn tm phng n biu din nh vi tng quan nh nht, gim d tha ca nh. C hai kiu d tha thng tin nh sau: D tha trong min khng gian : l tng quan gia khng gian pixel ca nh . D tha trong min tn s: l tng quan gia nhng di mu hoc gii ph khc nhau. Trng tm ca nghin cu v nn nh l gim bt mt s bit biu din nh bng vic loi b d tha trong min khng gian v mim tn s cng nhiu cng tt. Cc chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet u tun theo nguyn tc tm ra mt phn t d tha min khng gian ( mi Fram nn t ng ).

Trong khi , c trng ca cc chun nn thuc nhm hai l loi b d tha cc mim khng gian v min tn s ca nh. MPEG l nh dng nn nh lu i nht v c dng ph bin. Khi dng chun nn MJPEG nh c phn chia thnh cc khi vung nh , mi khi vung c khch thc 8 x 8 pixel v biu din mc xm ca 64 im nh. M ha bin i cosin ri rc DCT ( discrete cosin tramfrom ) trong chun nn ny khai thc s tng ng gia cc pixel trong mi khi, ly ra cc biu din nh vi tng qua nh. Chui biu din s b rt ngn , ty theo mc nn ca h thng hin hnh vi quy trnh rt ngn chui bin din. V vy, hnh nh sau khi gii nn thng c nhiu sai lch vi hnh nh gc. Cc nh dng Wavelet V MJPEG u gy ra hin tng mt thng tin nh gii nn. S d tha kh nng lu nh mt ngi cm th khi chun nn Wavelet t hn MJPEG 30%. 2.1.2. Chun nn MPEG-x H.26x MPEG phi l mt cng c nn n l, m u im ca nh nn dng MPEG l ch MPEG c mt tp hp cc cng c m ha chun , chng c th kt hp vi nhau mt cch linh ng phc v cho mt lot cc ng dng khc nhau. Nguyn l chung ca nn tn hiu video l loi b s d tha v khng gian (sptial redundancy ) v s d tha v thi gian ( temporal redundancy ). Trong MPEG, vic loi b d tha v thi gian ( nn lin nh ),c thc hin trc ht nh s dng tnh cht ny to ra cc bc nh mi nh vo thng tin t nhng bc nh gi trc . Do vy pha b m ha ta ch cn gi li nhng nh c s thay i so vi nh trc, sau ta dng phng php nn v khng gian trong nhng bc nh sai khc ny.

2.1.3. Chun nn MPEG-2. MPEG-2 thng c s dng m ha m thanh v hnh nh cho cc tn hiu broadcast bao gm truyn hnh v tinh qung b trc tip v truyn hnh cp. MPEG-2 vi mt s sa i cng l khun dng c s dng bi cc phim DVD thng mi tiu chun. MPEG-2 bao gm cc: MPEG-2 Video part ( part 2 ):tng t MPEG -1, nhng ch h tr xem video xen k MPEG-2 video khng c ti u ha cho cc tt bit thp .nhng li thc hin tt hn MPEG-1 tt 3 Mbps v cao hn tt c cc b gii m tn hiu video theo chun MPEG-2 hon ton c kh nng pht li cc lung video MPEG-1. Do c nhiu ci tin, MPEG-2 video c s dng trong hu ht cc h thng truyn dn HDTV. MPEG-2 audio part ( part 3 ): ci tin chc nng m thanh ca MPEG-1 bng cch php m ha cc chng trnh m thanh MPEG-1 gii m cc thnh phn m thanh ni ( stereo ). MPEG-2 c dng m ha hnh nh ng v m thanh v to ra kiu khung s liu ( intra frame, forward predicetive frame v bidirectional predicted frame ) c th c sp sp theo mt trt t c th gi cu trc nhm cc hnh nh ( group of picture,GOP ). 2.1.4. Chun nn MPEG-4. So vi cc chun nn nn nu trn MPEG-4 l nh dng nn hnh nh tin tin nht p ng nhng i hi v k thut cng nh ph hp vi nhiu loi th trng. MPEG-4 thc s l mt dng nn hnh nh mang tnh t pht ca cng ngh nn hnh ng i th hin r nhng tiu chun sau:

 p dng nhng tiu chun c tnh m cao vi h s h tr c lc t ngnh cng nghip an ninh v cng nghip my tnh. Hiu sut ln Kh nng truyn theo dng v mng li Ti thiu ha dung lng knh truyn v khng gian lu tr trong khi vn gi c hnh nh. Nhng chun nn MPEG-4 c profile dng n gin chim lnh a phn th trng. MPEG-4 c pht trin v hon thin tr thnh nh dng nn hnh tin tin, hon ho, vi tiu ch tp trung pht trin nhng nhn t gip tng cng cht lng hnh nh, cng nh phc v c lc cho cc thit b gim st c cc frame dng ch nht. Mi bit stream hin th trong nh dng nn MPEG-4 cung cp mt m t mang tch phn tng v hnh nh hin th. Tng lp d liu c a vo lung bit bi nhng mt m c bit gi l mt m khi ngun. nh dng nn nh MPEG-4 h tr qu trnh lng t ha, do vy cng gip p ng nhng i hi khc nhau v tc bit. Lng t ha c cc chun nn ca MPEG-4 cng tng thch vi nhng b m ha trong cc chun nn trc y. 2.1.5. Yu cu v bng thng ca cc chun nn So sch hot ng ca chun nn khc nhau nh trong bng di y : nt tiu chun MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 part 10 H.264 Ln n 1,5 Mbps 4-5 Mbps 2-4 Mbps 2-4 Mbps nt cao 18-20 Mbps 8- 10 Mbps 8 10 Mbps ng dng Video on internet, Mp3 Digital TV, DVD Multi video Multi video

2.2. La chn giao thc mng 2.2.1. Giao thc cho dch v muticast. a. Giao thc IGMP. Giao thc IGMP pht trin t giao thc host Membership Protocol, c m t trong ti liu ca Deering. Giao thc IGMP c ba phin bn verion 1. verion 2 v verion 3.IGPM pht trin t IPMPv1 ( RFC1112 ) n IGMPv2 (RFC 2236) v n phin bn cui cng IGMPv3 (RFC 3376 ). Cc thng ip IGMP c gi bin trong gi tin IP vi trng protocol number bng 2, trong trng TTL c gi tr bng 1. Cc gi IGMP ch c truyn trong LAN v khng c tip tc chuyn sang LAN khc do gi tr TTL ca n. Hai mc ch quan trng nht ca IGMP l : Thng bo cho router muticast rng c mt my mun nhn muticast traffic ca mt nhm c th. Thng bo cho router rng c mt my mun ri mt nhm muticast ( ni cch khc,c mt my khng cn quan tm n vic nhn muticast traffic na 0, Cc router thng dng IGMP duy tr thng tin cho tng cng ca router thng dng IGMP duy tr thng tin cho tng cng ca router l nhng nhm muticast no router cn phi chuyn v host no mun nhn. Trc khi mt host c th nhn bt k mt multicast traffic no, mt ng dng multicast phi c ci t v chy trn host . Sau khi mt host tham gia vo mt nhm, phn mm s tnh ton a ch multicast v sau card mng s bt u lng nghe a ch multicast MAC. Trc khi mt host hoc mt ngi ngi dng mun tham gia vo mt nhm, ngi dng cn phi bit nhm no ang tn ti v lm th no tham gia vo nhm . i vi cc ng dng mc doanh nghip, ngi dng ch cn n gin nht vo mt

link trn mt trang Web hoc a ch multicast cu hnh trc trn client. V d, mt ngi dng c th c yu cu log vo mt my ch v xc thc bng tn ngi dng. Nu tn ngi dng c xc thc ng dng multicast s t ng c ci c PC ca ngi dng, ngha l ngi dng tham gia vo nhm multicast. Khi ngi dng khng cn mun ng dng multicast na, ngi dng phi ri khi nhm. V d, ngi dng n gin ch cn ng ng dng multicast ri khi nhm. i vi c ch muticast, mt ngi dng cn phi tm ra ng dng no h mun chy, a ch multicast c dng bi ng dng. cc router v hnh thnh nn cy multicast gia cc router. IGMP v ICMP c nhiu im tng ng , cng chia s mt vi chc nng tng t . IGMP cng ng gi trong gi tin IP ( protocol muber 2), nhng IGMP gii hn ch trong mt kt ni lp 2. m bo router khng bao gi chuyn gi tin di, trng TTL ca IGMP lun c gi tr bng 1. b. Giao thc PIM Giao thc PIM l giao thc x l gi tin multicast c lp nhau. Hin nay c ba loi PIM ang c s dng l: PIM-SM, PIM-FM, PIM-SSM. Giao thc PIM-SM ( protocol inderpendent muticast sparse mode ) Giao thc nh tuyn ch sparse c s dng khi c t s lng cc ng dng multicast. Cc giao thc PIM ch sparse khng truyn lu lng ca nhm ti bt k router no tr khi n nhn c mt thng ip yu cu cc bn sao ca n gi c tin gi ti mt nhm muticast t bit. Mt router lng ging yu cu cc gi ch nhm mt trong 2 mc ch: Router nhn c yu cu nhn gi tin t mt vi gi tin lng ging . Mt host trn mt phn on mng gi thng ip IGMP join cho nhm no

PIM-SM hot ng vi mt chin lc khc hn vi PIM-DM mt d c ch ca giao thc khng hon ton i lp. PIM-SM gi s rng khng c my no mun nhn lu lng multicast cho n khi no c my ch ng hi. Kt qu l, cho n khi no trong mt subnet c mt my yu cu nhn multicast mi c phn phi vo subnet . Vi PIM-SM, cc router downstream phi yu cu nhn muticast dng thng ip Join. Khi cc router nhn c cc thng ip ny, cc router bn di phi nh k gi thng ip Join ln router upstream. Nu khc i cc router upstreanh s khng a lng xung, t kt ni vo trong trng thi prune. Tin trnh ny th ngc li vi tin trnh c dng trong PIM-DM, trong mc nh l pht tn lu lng muticast vi cc router downstream cn phi gi thng ip Prune hay thng ip lm mi trng thi state refresh gi mt kt ni l trong trn thi prune. PIM SM ph hp khi ch c nhng t l nh cc phn on mng nhn lu lng multicast. IP- Satatic Giao thc PIM-DM (dense mode ) Giao thc PIM-DM thng c s dng khi m lu lng lung muticast l rt ln. PIM-DM lun c mt cng trong trng thi prune trong khong ba pht. Cc thng ip prune lit k mt ngun vo nhm. i vi giao thc PIM-DM ny th bt c khi no mt router nhn c thng ip prune n s tm mt hng(S,G) SPT trong bn nh tuyn milticast v nh du cc cng trong thng ip prune l nhn c . Tuy nhin, cc router cng thit lp gi tr prune timer, v thng th mt nh l khong 3 pht, sao cho trong khong 3 pht cng ny c t trong trng thi forwarding. c th khc phc c nhng tnh trng nh l cc kt ni b loi b, lin kt b loi b, lin kt b loi b v sau 3 pht th cc linh kin tip tc hot ng th PIM-DM c c ch lm mi trng thi stase

refresh.Cc thng ip lm mi trng thi khc phc yu km ca PIMDM trong tin trnh pruning. Trong giao thc PIM-DM cc router cn gi thng ip Graft router nhn c a mt cng vo trng thi forwarding cho mt nhm multicast no . Giao thc PIM-DM nhn bit cc thit b lng ging bng cch trong i cc gi ( hello ). Thng tin lng ging ny c dng trc xy dng cy n tt c cc lng ging. Sau , cc nhnh ca cy s ln lc c loi b . Nu mt dng multicast bt u, cy s c xy dng, cy s tn ti khi cc thnh vin tch cc cn tn ti. Nu mt host mi ng k tham gia nhm, nhnh ca phn on mng s nh thm vo cy. Giao thc PIM-SSM Giao thc PIM-SSM l giao thc m rng ca ca PIM . Khi s dng SSM th mt client c th nhn lung multicast trc tip t a ch ngun. PIM-SSM s dng chc nng ca PIM-SM to ra mt cy SPT gia ngun v ch nhn, tuy nhin n xy dng SPT m khng cn gip ca router RP. Mc nh l nhm a ch multicast c gii hn trong di a ch 232.0.0.0 ti 232.255.255.255. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th m rng tm hot ng ca SSM sang di lp D bao gm a ch mc cao. Vic cu hnh PIM-SSM c s khc bit so vi cu hnh PIM-SM truyn thng. y ta khng cn phi chia s tree hay l RP mapping, hoc l RP to RP ngun ly li thng qua Multicast source discovery Protocel ( MSDP).

Hnh2.1. Qu trnh nhn v thng bo ti cc thu bao join vo group G v sourse S Giao thc PIM l gii php h tr truyn hnh tn hiu multicast khi m s lng cc multicast cn phi truyn tng ln th PIM l mt gii php quan trng qun l v gim st lu lng multicast. 2.2.2.Giao thc cho dch v multicast. a. Giao thc RTSP. RTSP cung cp mt khung lm vic cho php iu khin theo yu cu thi gian thc, ging nh audio v video. Ngun d liu c th bao gm ngun d liu sng v d liu d tr .y l giao thc dnh cho pht trin d liu a phng tin,cung cp phn pht cc knh UDP, TCP v vic m bo theo thi gian thc.iu khin bi lung RTSP c th s dng RTP ,nhng hot ng ca RTSP l khng ph thuc vo k thut vn chuyn truyn data. c im ca giao thc.

Kh nng m rng:Phng php mi v cc thng s c th d dng thm vo RTSP.

D dng phn tch: Giao thc RTSP c th d dng phn tch bng tiu chun HTTP hoc MINE.

Bo mt: RTSP s dng k thut bo v Wed.Tt c k thut nhn thc u c bn v chng thc bng trc tip c p dng .Mt s c th dng li hoc bo mt lp mng.

Vn chuyn c lp: RSTP c th s dng mt trong 2 phng php truyn gi tin khng tin cy UDP v ng tin cy RDP,hoc l giao thc lung tin cy TCP c thc hin lp ng tin cy.

Kh nng chy nhiu sever.: Mi mt lung media gia cc phn trnh din c th t ti sever khc nhau. Cc clinet s t ng thit lp mt vi iu khin ti cc sever media khc nhau.Gia chng c ng b vi nhau lp giao vn.

iu khin thit b ghi: Giao thc ny c th iu khin c 2 qu trnh ghi v chy li thit b ,hoc c th nm xen gia hai mode.

iu khin lung v hi ngh ban u: iu khin lung a ra t li mi ca sever ti hi ngh. Ch c nhng yu cu hi ngh l mt trong hai cung cp hoc l s dng to ra hi ngh ring .Trong thc t SIP v h232 c th s dng mi mt sever ti hi ngh.

2.3. Cc phng thc cung cp dch v IPTV. IPTV thc hin bng cch thay i t hnh nh tng t sang hnh nh s,cc u im trong cng ngh nn gip cho IPTV c th cung cp m thanh v hnh nh tiu chun hoc cht lng cao. Vy cch no trin khai dch v IPTV l mt cch tt nht? Khng th c cu tr li .Ngy nay,mng cung cp dch v bao gm :mng DSL,mng quang th ng,cp hoc tng hp ca cc mng cung cp dch v IPTV: 2.3.1.Cng ngh mng truy cp xDSL.

Vi cng ngh nn hin nay,c SHDSL hoc ADSL u c th cung cp dch v IPTV. VDSL c kh nng cung cp bng thng ln hn cho thu bao (ln n 50Mbps ng down),nhng n li t l nghch vi khong cch. Thu bao phi gn cc CO hoc cc thit b remote terminal do tc ng truyn ca mng gim theo khong cch. i vi cc nh qun l mng vic trin khai mng IPTV thng qua mng xDSL vn duy tr c ngun ti chnh. Mt ng download xDSL cung cp High-definition TV. HDTP hin ti yu cu 19.2 Mbps cho mt knh so vi 2.5 Mbps yu cu cho stadard-definition Tv i hi phi s dng mng truy cp ADSL2+ hoc VDSL. Thay i theo yu cu STB phi gi mt tn hiu ti DSLAM, iu ny c th to ra mt s vn tim tng i vi cc chng trnh HD tc ti a ca VDSL. Hin ti cc thu bao Vit Nam s dng mng truy cp xDSL,ch yu mng truy cp ADSL2+ tc download ln ti 24Mbps.

Hnh 2.2. Cng ngh truy cp xDSL 2.3.2.Cng ngh mng truy cp FTTx.

. C th phn thnh 2 cng ngh chnh c s dng cho cu trc ny l AON (c s dng trong FTTN,FTTC v i lc s dng trong FFTB) v BON (cng ngh quang th ng). a. Kh nng ca PON. i tng nghin cu ca PON l xc nh hiu ng dng PON c th m bo c yu cu v bng thng hay khng. N khng ch quan trng trong cng download m cn quan trng vi cc cng updown khi cng ngh multicast c s dng. Kh nng ca PON phi m bo s lng ngi s dng ti a m khng nh hng ti cht lng hnh nh vi bt k t l nn no. b. Cng ngh truy cp Wimax. Wimax ngy cng s dng rng ri cung cp cc kt ni Internet bng thng rng m khng th s dng cc cng ngh nh DSL hoc cp. Chng ta cng c th cung cp dch v IPTV thng qua cc kt ni ti thu bao bng cng ngh wimax. Cng ngh wimax theo chun JEE 802.16d vi tc bitrate cho tng sector ln ti 10Mbps trn bng thng 3.5MHz cung cp cho mt s knh IPTV nhng khng ph hp khi trin khai rng ri. Tuy nhin wimax cho mobile chun IEE 802.26 c th s dng cung cp dch v IPTV vi cc thit b cm tay bng cch s dng tc bitrate thp hn.

Hnh 2.3 Cng ngh truy cp Wimax Cc yu cu Qos cho dch v IPTV. Service BTV VoD Video conference Delay 1s 1s 90ms Jitter 1s 1 20ms Packer loss rate 1/1000 1/1000 1/1000

Chng 3:

GII PHP CUNG CP DCH V IPTV TRN MNG VNPT 3.1.H tng truyn ti. Cu trc h tng truyn ti ca VNPT chia lm 3 cp gm: Mng li. Mng gom v mng truy cp. Mng khch hng. 3.1.1.Mng li. Mng li c nhim v truyn ti cc lu lng thng tin gia h thng IPTV v cc PE/BRAS ti cc tnh thnh .Lu lng truyn ti bao gm 2 loi chnh l unicast (cc thng tin iu khin ,cc lung video trong dch v theo yu cu ) v cc multicast (dch v broadcast video). Cc lu lng unicast c truyn qua mng li IP/MPLS bng cch thit lp cc ng truyn mch nhn (Label Switching path LSP ) gia cc PE/BRAS.

MPLS NETWORK

Hnh 3.1. Cc LSP c thit lp qua mng li IP/MPLS dnh cho cc lu Lng unicast.

Cc lu lng municast c truyn qua mng li IP/MPLS bng cch thit lp cc mticast VPN. xy dng bng nh tuyn muticast , cc thit b mng li s dng giao thc PIM/SM/SMM (Protocol Independent Muticast-Spare Mode/Source Specific Mode).

PE-P PIM Adjacency PE-CE PIM Adjacency PE- PE PIM Adjacency (over MT) Hnh 3.2. Multicast VPN c thit lp qua mng IP/MPLS dnh cho cc Lu lng Muticast. 3.1.2. Mng gom v mng truy nhp. Mng gom v mng truy cp c nhim v truyn ti thng tin t mng li n thu bao.Trong l trnh hon thin mng NGN,VNPT trin khai h tng mng gom ti cc tnh trn nn cng ngh Metro Etherber-mng MANE. Cu trc mng MANE c t chc thnh 2 phn :Phn li bao gm t 3 n 4 thit b Carrier Ethenrnet c ln (PE-AAG) (cn gi l cc Core Swich) kt ni vng vi nhau (s dng cng ngh MPLS) vi dung lng ti thiu ca vng core l 10Gbps, phn mng bin gm 3 n 5 thit

b Carrier Ethernet loi nh (UPE) hn kt ni vng vi nhau vi dung lng t 1Gb n10Gb.

Hnh 3.3.M hnh mng gom v mng truy nhp ti cc tnh thnh. Cc core swich kt ni vo mng li ca VNPT thng qua cc PE/BRAS Mi mng MEN s kt ni vo mng li ca VNPT qua 1 n 2 PE (ty nh cu lu lng). Kt ni full-mesh vi 2 core swich ca MAN. Kt ni core swich n kt ni PE l kt ni 1GE. Phn truy nhp bao gm cc DSLAM cc thit b MSAN,v cc thit b swich ly 2 cho dch v FTTx. Cc DSLAM kt ni dng sao n cc UPF bng cc giao din GE. D kin dn thay th tt c cc ATM-DSLAM bng cc IPDSLAM.

 Cc thit b swich L2 kt ni dng sao n cc UPE ca mng MAN bng cc giao din GE cung cp dch v IP trn mng cp quang thu bao. Ti pha khch hng s dng cc thit b u cui khc nhau cho cc loi dch v khc nhau. PC cho dch v internet. Set-Top-Box cho dch v IPTV. 3.2.Vn phn phi IPTV. Cc kiu lu lng mng IP thi gian thc khc nhau c to ra bi cc loi dc v trn nn IP khc nhau nh VoIP v truy cp internet tc cao. Vi mi loi dch v c nhng c im ring v ni dung v th cn phi c nhng phng php phn phi thch hp. Hin nay c 3 phng thc dng phn phi ni dung IPTV qua mng IP l unicast, broadcast, multicast. 3.2.1.Unicast. Trong truyn unicast mi lung video IPTV u c gi ti mt IPTVCD. V th, nu c nhiu hn mt user IPTV mun nhn knh video tng t th IPTVCD s cn ti mt lung unicast ring l. Mt trong cc lung s truyn ti cc im ch qua mng IP tc cao. Nguyn tc thc thi ca ca unicast trn mng IP l da trn s phn phi mt lung ni dung c nh hng ti mi user u cui. T gc ca k thut ny th vic cu hnh thc thi kh d dng.Tuy nhin n khng hiu qu v bng thng mng.

Hnh 1.2 trnh by vic thit lp cc kt ni khi c 5 thu bao IPTV truy cp mt knh broadcast trn mng tc cao hai chiu (Two-Way).

Hnh 3.4 Cc kt ni IP unicacst cho nhiu user IPTV Nh trn hnh 1.4 khi nhiu user IPTV truy cp cng mt knh IPTV ti cng mt thi im, th mt s cc kt ni nh hng c thit lp qua mng. Trong v d ny, server cn cung cp kt ni ti mi thu bao c yu cu truy cp knh 10, vi tng s l nm lung ring r bt u t server ni dung v kt thc ti router ch. 3.2.2. Broadcast Cc mng IP cng h tr chc nng truyn broadcast, v mt no ging nh knh IPTV c a ti mi thit b truy cp c kt ni vo mng bng rng. Khi mt server c cu hnh truyn broadcast, mt knh IPTV gi ti tt c cc thit b IPTVCD c kt ni vo mng bt chp thu bao c yu cu knh hay khng. y s l vn chnh do cc ti nguyn IPTVCD bt buc phi hot ng x l cc gi tin khng mong

mun. Mt vn khc m broadcacst khng ph hp cho cc ng dng IPTV l trong thc t k thut truyn thng tin ny khng h tr vic nh tuyn. T lu, hu ht cc mng m rng vic s dng cc router, nhng nu truyn broadcast th khng s dng nh tuyn. y l l do lm mng v c cc thit b IPTVCD khc b trn ngp khi tt c cc knh c gi ti tt c cc knh c gi ti mi ngi. 3.2.3. Multicast Trong phm vi trin khai IPTV mi nhm multicast c truyn broadcast cc knh truyn hnh v cc thnh vin ca nhm tng ng vi cc thit b IPTVCD. V th, mi knh IPTV ch c a ti IP-STB mun xem knh . y l cch hn ch c lng tiu th bng thng tng i thp v gim gnh nng s l trn server. Hnh 1.5 m t tc ng ca vic s dng k thut multicast trong v d phn phi cho nm thu bao truy cp knh 10 IPTV cng mt lc. Nh hnh 1.5, ch bn copy n (single) c gi t server ni dung ti router phn phi. Router ny s to ra 2 bn copy ca lung thng tin ti v gi chng ti cc router c ti cc tng i khu vc theo kt ni IP nh hng. Sau , mi router s to ra cc bn copy khc cung cp cho cc thu bao mun xem. Vai tr quan trng ca phng thc ny l lm gim s kt ni IP v dung lng d liu i ngang qua mng. y l phng thc thng c cc nh cung cp dch v s dng pht qung b cc chng trnh trc tip v l mt k thut c hiu sut cao cho h tng mng IP ang tn ti. Phng thc ny khng c li trong tuyn hng ln ( ustream ) lung thng tin gia cc thit b IPTVCD v broadcast server. Cn ch rng. vic pht multicast ni dung IPTV phc tp nhiu nu so snh vi m hnh thng tin unicast v broadcast.

Hnh 3.5 Cc kt ni c s dng trong dch v multicast 3.3. VoD v Video server Cu trc ca h thng VoD s dng cng ngh video-over-IP trn hnh 1.6 bao gm 4 thnh phn chnh. u tin, ni dung phi c x l cho vic lu tr v phn phi bng qu trnh nn v mt m ti trm tin x l ni dung. Mt VoD server lu tr ni dung v to lung gi ti thu bao. Mi thu bao s c mt b STB nhn v gii m ni dung, sau a ln mn hnh hin th. B STB cng cung cp cho thu bao mt danh sch cc dch v t thnh phn qun l thu bao v h thng truy cp c iu kin. y l mt h thng con nhn cc lnh t thu bao, gi nhng lnh thch hp ti VoD server v phn phi cc key gii m cho cc b STB.

Hnh 3.6 Cu trc h thng VoD Cc video server l yu t cn thit cho mi h thng VoD, do chng to ra cc lung video trong thc t v gi chng ti mi thu bao. Cc server c dung lng b nh ln nh khc nhau ty thuc vo cc ng dng kh nhau. Trong phn ny ch cp n mt s kha cnh ca cc server v cch thc chng c s dng cho vic phn phi ni dung. Dung lng lu tr ni dung c h tr trn mt server c th ln hoc nh. S khng ph hp nu server lu tr nhiu nhng ch phc v mt s t thu bao. Khi u t xy dng mt server, cn phi ch ti dung lng ca server c th p ng cc yu cu t ra. Video server c th l mt trong cc loi sau: Cc server sn xut c s dng trong cng vic sn xut cc video, v d nh trong cc mng truyn hnh. cho cc i tng ny, mt server cn phi c c ni dung l tng nht trong cc nh dng khc nhau v

nhanh chng phn phi cc file cha ni dung ti thu bao khi h cn, cc server ny dung lng thng rt nh. Thay vo , l cc thi b c dung lng ln v h tr tt vic tm ni dung, bao gm cc cng c h tr d liu ln v d liu l cc file gm nhiu phin bn. Cc server c nhn v cng ty c s dng trong trng hp c s lung video phn phi ng thi thp, v d nh mt gian hng trng by ca cng ty c t 5 n 10 ngi xem cng mt lc. y l loi server thng c xy dng trn PC vi cc phn mm c chuyn dng ha. 3.4.Trin khai dch v IPTV trn mng VNPT. H thng IPTV c xy dng hon ton trn nn tng IP. H thng c th cung cp c cc dch v Dch v truyn hnh qung b (BTV) vi 100 knh. Dch v video theo yu cu (VoD). Cc dch v video tng tc (interactve Video). H thng c cung cp dch v s lng thu bao trn ton quc vi tn hiu BTV pht tp trung ti u H Ni v TP H Ch Minh ua vo mng li, tn hiu VoD t phn tn ti cc tnh, kt ni trc tip vo PE qua giao din 10Gb, dch v interactive Video ty theo nhu cu kt ni VPN ni tnh hoc quy m ton quc. Cc mng IP cng h tr chc nng truyn broadcast, v mt no ging nh knh IPTV c a ti mi thit b truy cp c kt ni vo mng bng rng. Khi mt server dc cu hnh truyn broadcast,mt knh IPTV gi ti tt c cc thit b IPTVCD c kt ni vo mng bt chp thu bao c yu cu knh hay khng. y s l vn chnh do cc ti

nguyn IPTVCD bt buc hot ng x l cc gi tin khng mong mun. Mt vn khc m broadcast khng ph hp cho cc ng dng IPTV l trong thc t k thut truyn thng tin ny khng h tr vic nh tuyn. T lu, hu ht cc mng m rng vic s dung cc router, nhng nu truyn nh tuyn th khng s dng nh tuyn. y l l do lm mng v cc thit b IPTVCD khc b trng ngp khi tt c cc knh c gi ti mi ngi. 3.4.1. M hnh u ni. Trung tm IPTV c kt ni trc tip vo mng core IP/MPLS qua PE ca VTN. Ring h thng VoD sever c trin khai vi mt VoD sever cha y ni dung t ti trung tm IPTV, v nhiu VoD sever th cp c b tr gn vi thu bao. 3.4.2.M hnh hot ng. a. Dng khch hng. Mng khch hng s dng m hnh nh x dch v multi-VC. Dch v IPTV c cung cp trn cc kt ni ASDL2+. Mi kt ni ASDL2+ n thu bao gm c 2PVC khc nhau nhm cung cp 2 loi dch v. PVC 1 :Cung cp dch v truy cp internet tc cao (HSI). PVC 2 :Cung cp dch v video (bao gm c VoD,BTV,..) Khch hng s dng cc thit b u cui khc nhau cho tng dch v: Video :STB (Set-Top-Box). Internet : PC.

Kt ni ASDL2+ c kt ni bi modem hoc home gateway .Cc thit b ny chuyn cc lu lng trn cc PVC n cc giao din u ra tng ng kt ni vi cc thit b u cui dch v. b. Mng truy cp. Cc dch v c nh x trong mng truy cp theo m hnh khc nhau: M hnh N:1 VLAN v m hnh 1:1 VLAN.Vi s tng trng s lng thu bao ngy cng ln ,cng nh s lng dch v ngy cng nhiu th m hnh 1:1 VLAN b hn ch :s lng VLAN gii hn ,kh nng m rng nng cp dch v kh khn. Do , m bo kh nng m rng h thng ,phng n nh x dch v trong mng gom v mng truy cp nhp c s dng l 1:1 VLAN. Mng gom v mng truy cp nhp trin khai theo quy m, S-LAN.Trong : Mng truy nhp c phm vi t cc IP-DSLAM n cc core Swich. BRAS kt ni trc tip vi cc core Swich v cho cc dch v truy nhp internet. Core Swich l ni kt cui S-LAN. c. Mng gom hay vng core mng MAN. Mng gom bao gm t 3 n 4 core Swich kt ni vi nhau thnh mng vng. Kt ni gia cc core Swich l 1 GE,10Gb.Mng gom khai thc 2 lp nn cc kt ni thu bao s thc hin li lp PE v BRAS. Mng MAN cu hnh s dng k thut VLL. Kt ni im im nn trnh c vn Broadcast gi tin v loop vng ti cc vng mng MAN d. Truy nhp u cui v a ch IP.

i vi dch v truy nhp internet, home gateway thc hin quay s PPPoE n BRAS. Core Swich c cu hnh chuyn tip cc gi tin PPPoE n BRAS. BRAS cp pht a ch cho tng kt ni PPPoE, chuyn tip cc gi tin ra internet v ngc li. Cc dich v IPTV c s dng ch cp pht qua DHCP sever. Cc core Swich cu hnh DHCP relay chuyn tip cc gi tin DHCP n DHCP sever. DHCP sever c th c t ti core Swich hoc ti trung tm IPTV.