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Cau hoi trnh bay , so sanh , giai thch hien tng va viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua

phan ng


Bai tap 1: Cho mot luong H2 d lan lt qua cac ong ot nong mac noi tiep , moi ong cha mot chat : CaO , CuO , Al2O3 , Fe2O3 , Na2O .Sau o lay san pham trong moi ong cho tac dung vi CO2 , dd HCl , dd AgNO3 . Viet cac PTHH cua cac phan ng .

Bai giai
     

CaO + H2 CuO + H2 Cu + H2O Al2O3 + H2 Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O Na2O + H2O 2NaOH San pham trong moi ong la CaO , Cu , Al2O3 , Fe , NaOH .

Cho tac dung vi CO2


    

CaO + CO2 CaCO3 Cu + CO2 Al2O3 + CO2 Fe + CO2 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O

Cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl


    

CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O Cu + HCl Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

Cho tac dung vi dung dch AgNO3


        

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag Neu AgNO3 co d th : Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag Al2O3 + AgNO3 Con CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Sau o:Ca(OH)2 +2AgNO3 2AgOH +Ca(NO3)2 Va NaOH + AgNO3 AgOH + NaNO3 2AgOH Ag2O + H2O Mau en

Cau hoi trnh bay , so sanh , giai thch hien tng va viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng

Bai tap 2: Mot dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 va b mol Na2CO3 . Neu them (a+b)mol CaCl2 vao dung dch m1 gam ket tua . Neu them (a+b)mol Ca(OH)2vao dung dch m2 gam ket tua . So sanh m1 va m2 . Gai thch.


Bai giai
Them (a+b)mol CaCl2  CaCl2 + Na2CO2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl b b b  CaCl2 + NaHCO3 khong phan ng . m1= 100b  Them (a+b)mol Ca(OH)2  Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaOH b b b  Ca(OH)2 + NaHCO3 CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O a a a m2 = 100a + 100b Theo phng trnh m2 > m1


Cau hoi ieu che


 

Bai tap 1 : ( S o phan ng ) Tm cac chat ky hieu bang ch cai trong s o sau va hoan thanh s o bang  Na HCl O phng trnh phan ng : p p p t A B C Kh D + ddE +  p  D ,t p ket tua F G M A la hon hp gom Mg va Cu .
2
0 0

Bai giai


Mg , Cu MgO , MgCl2 , CuCl2 p Kh H2 + ddNaCl + ket tua Mg(OH)2 , ,Cu(OH)2 p MgO,CuO p MgO , Cu Lu y : Na tac dung vi nc cua dd e tao NaOH va giai phong H2 . Sau o NaOH tac dung vi muoi tao ra Mg(OH)2 va Cu(OH)2 .
O2  p  HCl  Na t0 H2
t0

CuO p

Cau hoi ieu che




Bai tap 2 : (ieu che mot chat t cac chat bang nhieu cach ) Hay chon 6 chat ran khac nhau e khi cho moi chat tac dung vi dung dch HCl ta thu c 6 chat kh khac nhau . Viet cac PTHH cua cac phan ng .

Bai giai


Lu y khi giai : 6 chat kh o co the la cac chat kh sau ay : Cl2 , H2 , C2H2 , O2 , SO2 , CO2 , H2S , NH3 Nen 6 chat ran la cac chat co trong so cac chat sau : MnO2 , kim loai ng trc H2 , CaC2 , KClO3 , Na2SO3 , FeS , Muoi Amoni

Cau hoi phan biet va nhan biet




Bai tap 1 : Co 4 ong nghiem , moi ong cha mot dd muoi ( khong trung kim loai cung nh goc axit ) la : clorua , sunfat , nitrat , cacbonat cua cac kim loai Ba , Mg , K , Pb . a/ Hoi moi ong nghiem cha dd cua muoi nao ? b/ Neu phng phap phan biet 4 ong nghiem o .

Bai giai


a/ Theo tnh tan cua cac muoi th 4 dd muoi la : BaCl2 , Pb(NO3)2 , MgSO4 , K2CO3 . V : - Goc axit CO3 eu tao ket tua vi Ba , Pb , Mg nen la dd K2CO3 . - Pb eu tao ket tua vi goc Cl , SO4 nen la dd Pb(NO3)2 . - Ba tao ket tua vi goc SO4 nen la dd BaCl2 .

Bai giai


b/ Dung dd Na2S nhan ra Pb(NO3)2 do co ket tua en xuat hien .Viet PTHH Dung dd NaOH nhan ra MgSO4 do co ket tua trang xuat hien . Viet PTHH Dung dd HCl nhan ra K2CO3 do co kh CO2 thoat ra .Viet PTHH Con lai la BaCl2 .

Cau hoi phan biet va nhan biet




Bai tap 2 : Co 4 ong nghiem c anh so th t (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , moi ong co cha mot trong 4 dd sau : Na2CO3 , MgCl2 , HCl , KHCO3 .Biet rang : Khi o ong (1)vao ong (3)th thay co ket tua . Khi o ong (3)vao ong (4)th co kh bay len .

Bai giai


Dung dch (3) va tao ket tua va tao kh bay ra khi tac dung vi hai dd khac nen (3) la Na2CO3 => (1) la MgCl2 va (4) la HCl => (2) la KHCO3 . Viet PTHH .

Cau hoi tinh che va tach hon hp thanh chat nguyen chat


Bai tap 1 : Neu phng phap hoa hoc e tach hon hp cha : O2 , HCl , CO2 . ( e thi chuyen Le Hong Phong TPHCM 04-05 )

Bai giai


Dan hon hp qua bnh ng dd Ca(OH)2 d , kh oxy khong tham gia phan ng thoat ra , thu lay . HCl va CO2 tham gia phan ng het tao ket tua trang CaCO3 lang xuong pha di va dd gom CaCl2 va Ca(OH)2 d. Viet PTHH .Thu lay ket tua trang ra sach roi cho tac dung vi dd HCl d kh thoat ra la CO2 thu lay . Viet PTHH . Co can dd CaCl2 , Ca(OH)2 en khan , sau o cho tac dung vi

Cau hoi tinh che va tach hon hp thanh chat nguyen chat


Bai tap 2 : Bang phng phap hoa hoc tach rieng tng kim loai trong hon hp gom bot sat va bac . ( e thi HS Goi TP QN 04-05 )

Bai giai


Cho hon hp tac dung vi dd HCl d .Loc rieng phan khong tan la Ag , dd gom : FeCl2 va HCl d . Viet PTHH . Cho dd NaOH d vao dd thu c co ket tua xuat hien , loc thu ket tua la Fe(OH)2 .Viet PTHH . em nung Fe(OH)2 ngoai khong kh en khoi lng khong oi thu c ran la Fe2O3 . Viet PTHH. Cho luong kh H2 d qua ong s co cha Fe2O3 un nong ta c Fe . Viet PTHH

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